CN204325272U - A kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace - Google Patents
A kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN204325272U CN204325272U CN201420767534.2U CN201420767534U CN204325272U CN 204325272 U CN204325272 U CN 204325272U CN 201420767534 U CN201420767534 U CN 201420767534U CN 204325272 U CN204325272 U CN 204325272U
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- 238000009272 plasma gasification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009740 moulding (composite fabrication) Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011823 monolithic refractory Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace, it is characterized in that: comprise upper furnace from top to bottom, middle part burner hearth, lower furnace totally three sections of burner hearths; Upper furnace is dryer section, and middle part burner hearth is pyrolysis section, and lower furnace is melt zone; The diameter of upper furnace is greater than the diameter of middle part burner hearth, and the diameter of middle part burner hearth is greater than the diameter of lower furnace, adopts pyramidal structure to connect between every two sections; Plasmatorch is symmetrically arranged with in described lower furnace; The utility model can to make in vapourizing furnace heat load distribution reasonable, and synthetic gas and material can fully effectively heat exchange, raising capacity usage ratio, and melting zone can keep high temperature, and slag tap is carried out smoothly; Three sections of sectional formings, inwall in short transverse is not easily broken, longer service life, Axial Temperature Distribution is more even; Bottom is made up of polylith corundum liner, for convenience detach, is convenient to burner hearth high temperature reaction zone and changes.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to the Gasification Technique of municipal wastes, particularly a kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace.
Background technology
Current China domestic waste harmless treatment facility is based on sanitary landfill, and compost and burning are auxiliary.Garbage loading embeading is owing to taking large quantity space and polluted underground water and being acknowledged as the last selection of refuse treatment, and compost cost is high, fertilizer efficiency is low, produce market is poor, there is potential safety hazard, develops still limited.Burning disposal can realize the minimizing of rubbish, the comprehensive treating process of innoxious, resource utilization to a certain extent, has obvious advantage, thus obtain at home and develop faster in environment protection and the utilization of resources.But, directly burn cause flue gas to exceed standard, foul smell disturbs residents, and burning process easily produces the secondary pollution such as dioxin and heavy metal, causes the fear of resident, and its neighbour brought topic of taking refuge can not look down upon.Therefore, burning electricity generation moves ahead always in dispute, and the substitute technology of development waste incineration and generating electricity is imperative.
Plasma gasification technology originates from the sixties in 20th century the earliest, U.S. NASA carries out the heat resistanceheat resistant experiment of material with it, start the seventies, for metallurgical and material heat treatment industry, to start the eighties to process the solid waste such as medical science, start in recent years to attempt for the treatment of city and industrial refuse.Be different from traditional waste incineration mode, rubbish 100% almost can be converted into callable byproduct by plasma gasification technology, and organism is wherein converted into clean fuel gas (mainly CO and H
2), can directly to burn or for refining into more high-grade fuels and chemicals, and can be used as material of construction after the harmless vitreous state slag cooling that inorganics melting produces, thus realize real rubbish processing to be harmless and resource utilization application, be a kind of substitute technology of waste incineration most potentiality.Along with constantly perfect (life-span long, stable) of plasma generator technology and plasma body are from the continuous decline of power consumption, utilize plasma gasification technology that China's domestic waste is converted into the ripe of the energy.
But the conventional garbage plasma gasification furnace type of furnace is relatively simple, and burner hearth is generally primary reformer or two-stage furnace.Primary reformer chamber structure is mostly single right cylinder or cone, and two-stage furnace is also simple repeating structure, and intersegmental employing reducing connects.The burner hearth application of other closed-entries is less, and is generally monolithic refractory cast and forms, and because temperature distribution in plasma gasification furnace is very uneven, plasmatorch region temperature is higher, burner hearth is heated inequality, easily breaks.And refractory materials is integrated poured, vaporizer burner hearth is also made to change very difficulty.In addition, existing chamber structure is unfavorable for the optimization of reaction process, makes gasification hearth space availability ratio low.
Utility model content
A kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace that the utility model provides, mainly solve the following problem that existing plasma gasification furnace exists: the syllogic chamber structure that (1) adopts size from top to bottom to reduce, solve existing plasma gasification furnace burner hearth and to arrange in the unreasonable rubbish caused that carbonaceous component transformation efficiency is on the low side, Flow and heat flux distributes problem improperly, improve plasma gasification furnace space availability ratio; (2) adopt the syllogic chamber structure that size from top to bottom reduces, inboard wall of burner hearth is by refractory materials sectional forming, and wherein bottom is by removable high-density (AL
2o
3>95%) corundum liner is formed, and corundum liner forms by 8 pieces, so that dismounting and change.This measure effectively can solve the integrated poured burner hearth caused and to be heated inequality, easily breaks, and is convenient to change burner hearth bottom vaporizer.
The technical solution of the utility model is as follows:
A kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace, is characterized in that: comprise upper furnace from top to bottom, middle part burner hearth, lower furnace three sections of burner hearths totally; Upper furnace is dryer section, and middle part burner hearth is pyrolysis section, and lower furnace is melt zone; The diameter of upper furnace is greater than the diameter of middle part burner hearth, and the diameter of middle part burner hearth is greater than the diameter of lower furnace, adopts pyramidal structure to connect between every two sections; Plasmatorch is symmetrically arranged with in described lower furnace.
Described upper furnace refractory brick, insulating brick are built by laying bricks or stones and are formed.
Further, middle part burner hearth is also build by laying bricks or stones with refractory brick, insulating brick to form, and the refractory brick thickness of middle part burner hearth is greater than the refractory brick thickness of upper furnace.
The inwall of described lower furnace is by eight pieces of removable high-density (AL
2o
3>95%) corundum liner is formed, so that dismounting and change.
Two plasmatorchs are symmetrically arranged with in described lower furnace.
Material sprays into from top of gasification furnace, experience dryer section, pyrolysis section, melt zone successively from top to bottom, two plasmatorchs of lower furnace are for providing energy needed for material pyrolysis and molten ash, lime-ash after melting flows out from the slag-drip opening bottom vapourizing furnace, the gas that gasification produces is derived from upper side, for subsequent power generation or heat supply, in uphill process, carry out abundant heat exchange with material, capacity usage ratio is provided.
The syllogic plasma gasification furnace chamber structure that a kind of size from top to bottom that devises the utility model reduces is applicable to the refuse gasification treatment unit of plasmatorch as thermal source, and slag tap, realizes the harmless treatment of rubbish; In the design of rubbish plasma gasification furnace, adopt this chamber structure, can realize:
(1) plasmatorch is positioned at lower portion of furnace body, plasma torch output temperatures as high 5000 degree, and molten ash district needs temperature to be greater than 1500 degree, therefore temperature distribution is extremely uneven in plasma gasification furnace burner hearth, temperature of lower is high, and upper temp is low, high-temperature zone size is little, thermal load is high, and be convenient to melting and the slag tap of lime-ash, cold zone size is large, thermal load is low, exiting syngas flow velocity is reduced, is convenient to the abundant heat exchange of synthetic gas and material, improve capacity usage ratio;
(2) syllogic chamber structure is adopted, step pouring is shaped, the extremely uneven gasification stove internal wall caused that distributes in the height direction of temperature in vapourizing furnace burner hearth can be avoided to break, than integrated poured reducing chamber structure better effects if, longer service life, according to the refractory thickness that temperature distribution interval selection is suitable, cold zone thickness is little, high-temperature zone thickness is large, has also saved refractory materials to a certain extent, ensure that the homogeneity of axial heat conduction.In addition, substructure adopts 8 pieces of corundum liners to pile up and forms, and is convenient to dismounting, and bottom burner hearth is more prone to.
To sum up, adopt the syllogic plasma gasification furnace chamber structure that a kind of size from top to bottom reduces, the reaction characteristics of plasma gasification furnace can be taken into full account, improve vapourizing furnace space availability ratio, sectional forming can avoid the temperature extremely uneven inwall caused that distributes in the height direction to break, corundum liner makes bottom burner hearth be more prone to, and is conducive to the steady running of rubbish plasma gasification furnace.Undergauge ratio concrete from top to bottom needs to be optimized according to actual operational parameters.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
(1) the utility model can to make in vapourizing furnace heat load distribution reasonable, and synthetic gas and material can fully effectively heat exchange, raising capacity usage ratio, and melting zone can keep high temperature, and slag tap is carried out smoothly;
(2) three sections of sectional formings, inwall in short transverse is not easily broken, and longer service life, Axial Temperature Distribution is more even.Bottom is made up of polylith corundum liner, for convenience detach, is convenient to burner hearth high temperature reaction zone and changes.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model.
Wherein, Reference numeral is: 1 upper furnace, burner hearth in the middle part of in the of 2,3 lower furnace, 4 insulating bricks, 5 refractory brick, 6 corundum liners, 7 top of gasification furnace entrances, 8 plasmatorchs, 9 slag-drip openings, 10 outlets, A dryer section, B pyrolysis section, C melt zone.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace of the utility model chamber structure is applicable to the refuse gasification treatment unit of plasmatorch as thermal source, and slag tap, realizes the harmless treatment of rubbish.Compared with conventional plasma vapourizing furnace burner hearth, difference is the syllogic burner hearth that plasma gasification furnace hearth region adopts size from top to bottom to reduce, and intersegmental employing cone connects, upper furnace 1, middle part burner hearth 2, lower furnace 3 inwall sectional forming.Wherein, upper furnace 1 and middle part burner hearth 2 refractory brick 5, insulating brick 4 are built by laying bricks or stones, and the refractory brick thickness of middle part burner hearth 2 is greater than upper furnace 1.Lower furnace 3 inwall is by removable high-density (AL
2o
3>95%) corundum 6 liner is formed, and corundum liner 6 forms by 8 pieces, so that dismounting and change.Material sprays into from top of gasification furnace entrance 7, experience dryer section A, pyrolysis section B, melt zone C successively from top to bottom, 2 symmetrical plasmatorchs 8 are installed in lower furnace 3 side, for providing energy needed for material pyrolysis and molten ash, lime-ash after melting flows out from the slag-drip opening 9 bottom vapourizing furnace, and the gas that gasification produces is derived, for subsequent power generation or heat supply from upper furnace 1 side exit 10, in uphill process, carry out abundant heat exchange with material, capacity usage ratio is provided.
The syllogic plasma gasification furnace chamber structure that a kind of size from top to bottom that mainly devises the utility model reduces, and give the processing mode of this chamber structure inwall.In the design of rubbish plasma gasification furnace, adopt this chamber structure, it is characterized in that:
(1) plasmatorch 8 is positioned at lower portion of furnace body burner hearth 3, and plasmatorch 8 temperature out is up to 5000 degree, and molten ash district needs temperature to be greater than 1500 degree, therefore temperature distribution is extremely uneven in plasma gasification furnace burner hearth, lower furnace 3 temperature is high, and upper furnace 1 temperature is low, high-temperature zone size is little, thermal load is high, and be convenient to melting and the slag tap of lime-ash, cold zone size is large, thermal load is low, exiting syngas flow velocity is reduced, is convenient to the abundant heat exchange of synthetic gas and material, improve capacity usage ratio.
(2) syllogic chamber structure is adopted, step pouring is shaped, the extremely uneven gasification stove internal wall caused that distributes in the height direction of temperature in vapourizing furnace burner hearth can be avoided to break, than integrated poured reducing chamber structure better effects if, longer service life, according to the refractory thickness that temperature distribution interval selection is suitable, cold zone thickness is little, high-temperature zone thickness is large, has also saved refractory materials to a certain extent, ensure that the homogeneity of axial heat conduction.In addition, lower furnace 3 structure adopts eight pieces of corundum liners 6 to pile up and forms, and is convenient to dismounting, and bottom burner hearth is more prone to.
To sum up, adopt the syllogic plasma gasification furnace chamber structure that a kind of size from top to bottom reduces, the reaction characteristics of plasma gasification furnace can be taken into full account, improve vapourizing furnace space availability ratio, sectional forming can avoid the temperature extremely uneven inwall caused that distributes in the height direction to break, corundum liner 6 makes bottom burner hearth be more prone to, and is conducive to the steady running of rubbish plasma gasification furnace.Undergauge ratio concrete from top to bottom needs to be optimized according to actual operational parameters.
Claims (6)
1. a novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace, is characterized in that: comprise upper furnace (1) from top to bottom, middle part burner hearth (2), lower furnace (3) totally three sections of burner hearths; Upper furnace (1) is dryer section, and middle part burner hearth (2) is pyrolysis section, and lower furnace (3) is melt zone; The diameter of upper furnace (1) is greater than the diameter at middle part burner hearth (2), and the diameter of middle part burner hearth (2) is greater than the diameter of lower furnace (3), adopts pyramidal structure to connect between every two sections; Plasmatorch (8) is symmetrically arranged with in described lower furnace (3).
2. a kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described upper furnace (1) is built by laying bricks or stones with refractory brick, insulating brick and formed.
3. a kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described middle part burner hearth (2) is also build by laying bricks or stones with refractory brick, insulating brick to form.
4. a kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the refractory brick thickness at described middle part burner hearth (2) is greater than the refractory brick thickness of upper furnace (1).
5. a kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the inwall of described lower furnace (3) is made up of eight pieces of corundum liners (6).
6. a kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace according to claim 1, is characterized in that: be symmetrically arranged with two plasmatorchs (8) in described lower furnace (3).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420767534.2U CN204325272U (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2014-12-09 | A kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace |
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| CN201420767534.2U CN204325272U (en) | 2014-12-09 | 2014-12-09 | A kind of novel three-stage plasma gasification furnace |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104449853A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-25 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Novel three-section type plasma gasification furnace |
| CN105062566A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Plasma gasification reactor for municipal solid waste |
| CN110715301A (en) * | 2019-10-20 | 2020-01-21 | 安徽航天环境工程有限公司 | Plasma treatment device for household garbage |
-
2014
- 2014-12-09 CN CN201420767534.2U patent/CN204325272U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104449853A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-25 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Novel three-section type plasma gasification furnace |
| CN105062566A (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2015-11-18 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | Plasma gasification reactor for municipal solid waste |
| CN105062566B (en) * | 2015-08-05 | 2018-03-23 | 中国东方电气集团有限公司 | A kind of plasma gasification reactor for domestic waste |
| CN110715301A (en) * | 2019-10-20 | 2020-01-21 | 安徽航天环境工程有限公司 | Plasma treatment device for household garbage |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
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Effective date of registration: 20180502 Address after: 610000 18 West core road, hi-tech West District, Chengdu, Sichuan Patentee after: Dongfang Electric Co., Ltd. Address before: 610036 Shu Han Road, Jinniu District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, No. 333 Patentee before: Dongfang Electric Corporation |