CN110022994A - Separate the Pneumatic method of raw mineral materials - Google Patents

Separate the Pneumatic method of raw mineral materials Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110022994A
CN110022994A CN201680091198.6A CN201680091198A CN110022994A CN 110022994 A CN110022994 A CN 110022994A CN 201680091198 A CN201680091198 A CN 201680091198A CN 110022994 A CN110022994 A CN 110022994A
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split cavity
conveyer
air
particle
section
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CN201680091198.6A
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CN110022994B (en
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安德烈·伊万诺维奇·斯捷潘年科
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07BSEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B4/00Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
    • B07B4/08Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents while the mixtures are supported by sieves, screens, or like mechanical elements

Abstract

The present invention relates to the fields of separation raw mineral materials, and can be used for producing mobile separation equipment, which is used under any weather condition, including under -50 to+50 DEG C of ambient air temperature, being handled according to fraction and raw material of classifying.Claimed is a kind of for separating the Pneumatic method of raw mineral materials, it include: that raw material to be separated is placed in air-permeable surface, the air-permeable surface runs through split cavity, the air-flow wherein risen promotes light fraction from air-permeable surface, the latter is the lower section for passing through the split cavity bottom in the form of conveyer, wherein, by selecting air velocity, diluted fluidized-bed layer is formed by the particle of specific density, wherein density smaller particle be raised air stream from split cavity be transferred to before gravity sedimentation chamber unhinderedly into and through, it is characterized in that, the split cavity is tilted towards conveyer plane, and its bottom is parallel to conveyer plane, and the direction of motion of conveyer is directed toward by the acute angle that the longitudinal wall of split cavity and its bottom are formed.

Description

Separate the Pneumatic method of raw mineral materials
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fields of separation raw mineral materials, and can be used for producing mobile separation equipment, the equipment according to The processing of its element and classification raw material can be used under any weather condition, including under -50 to+50 DEG C of temperature.
Background technique
It is well known that the main method of separation ore, coal, nonmetallic materials first is that specific Density Separation method (i.e. Gravity methods).The decline of extracted material quality and the essence of further processing is provided for power engineering, metallurgy and chemical business The increase of mine quality requirement substantially increases the requirement to used raw material separation method efficiency.
Similarly, it is known that during the operation of separation equipment and metallurgical processing installation, it is useless to have had accumulated a large amount of mineral Object.These wastes not only pollute environment, but also occupy the tract near settlement, cities and towns and other residential quarters.Greatly In most cases, these mineral wastes are the important source materials of secondary operation.Thus, for example, the by-product from ferrochrome production contains There is 2 to 12% metal ferrochrome;However, the content of the Chromium in Ores used in fusion process is 1% to 5%, this chromium is Chemical bonding.Therefore, the secondary operation of by-product can not only improve the environmental condition of each region, and economically may be used Row;However, the technology for processing specific waste has to comply with several strict demands.
Firstly, raw material isolation technics must be it is general, can easily be accommodated, for processing various raw mineral materials;Meanwhile it must The material (for example, coal, ore, production waste and nonmetallic raw material) that partition density must be suitble to different.Processing program must provide A kind of possibility quickly, easily changes processing method according to the property of raw material to be processed, requirement of converted products quality etc., This Capital expenditure that Modular moving formula separation equipment will be made to be used to transmit with device has lower level.
Secondly, raw material isolation technics must efficiently, provide the product obtained of high quality, and at it using it Remaining by-product is unsuitable for further processing or industrial application afterwards.
Third, raw material isolation technics must be round-the-clock and annual, therefore the process is not labour relevant to season Power resource temporarily participates in, but continual with the annual employment of local population.The work of raw material separation due to the above reasons, The skill period must include -50 to+50 DEG C of ambient air temperature range, and equipment must be allowed for make in outdoor or small-sized builder's temporary shed With.
Known raw material separation method widely used so far;It based on passing through the product of density in liquid medium Separation is (referring to Razumov K.A.Perov V.A. " Designing of separation plants ", M., Nedra 1982, the 195-205 pages, the 268-282 pages).In the case where sizable practicability and cheap water resource, this method permits The raw material separation process for being used for abundant yield is provided perhaps.
The major defect of known raw material separation method is that the application under the winter conditions under open-air condition is impossible 's.A large amount of material and financial resource is needed to ensure to heat in fact, building the professional factory runed based on whole year.? Under winter conditions, even if in medium latitude, in the case where winter temperature moderate (peak value of negative temperature is between -5 to -10 DEG C), Also it is difficult to use the known method and obtains competitive product.
There are also raw material separation methods known to another kind, are widely used recently.It is based on by air dielectric Specific density product separation (referring to M.V.Verkhoturov " Gravitational separating methods " M., Max-Press 2006, the 306-318 pages), (G.N.Shokhin A.G.Lopatin " Gravitational separating Methods ", M., Nedra 1993., page 9), including: isolated raw material is provided in gravity sedimentation chamber.The chamber Room moves back and forth, the sieve that it enters equipped with air-flow from bottom.In the motion process along sieve, heavy substance is downward It is mobile, and light material is moved to the top of the layer formed by the product for needing to be further processed.
This method allows the separation of whole year production raw material in the case where outdoor or use small-sized builder's temporary shed.
The major defect of the raw material separation method is the low efficiency of product separation process, the light material in heavy product Height exist, the process can all carry out in the gas producing formation being placed on sieve.Increasing thickness is to generate different densities product The necessary condition of separate layer leads to its high resistance, low so as to cause its removal degree, feed separation low efficiency.For difference The Raw material processing of type, it is ensured that being quickly converted for manufacturing process is impossible, as long as producing each separator, all only Can in preset density range converted products.
Further, since the high humility effect of raw material, the ad hoc approach for raw material separation do not allow to lead to during processing It crosses fraction and carries out efficient raw material separation.
Method closest to technical solution of the present invention is the method for raw mineral materials pneumatically separated (referring to Eurasian patent No. 022959,0 З В 4/04,2016 of class В 07 В 4/08, В), comprising: raw material is placed in air-permeable surface, raw material is ventilative It is separated on surface, which promotes light fraction, Hou Zheshi from air-permeable surface through vertical (separation) chamber, ascending air Pass through the lower section of the bottom of vertically separated chamber in the form of conveyer, wherein by selecting the speed of air stream, by specific close The particle of degree forms diluted fluidized-bed layer, and the lower particle of density is into and through as the air-flow of rising is from vertical point Foregoing description particle in gravity sedimentation chamber is transferred to from chamber to pass through in unencumbered situation.
This method allows annual outdoors or using the progress raw material separation of sunlight builder's temporary shed;Meanwhile by converting gas velocity The mode of degree, to execute the quick readjustment of manufacturing process, to handle various types of raw mineral materials.
The major defect of the ad hoc approach is to select the performance of the particle of predetermined size to be not enough, this is by following original Because determining.
Firstly, when attempting to improve the performance of this method, it is necessary to be scaling up conveyor speed, which reduce pre- scales Very little particle existing time in inlet end (nozzle) region of vertical chamber, also, which increase move on a conveyor Particle kinetic energy horizontal velocity and horizontal component.
Secondly, the increase of conveyor speed is automatically led near the rear wall (along the conveyer direction of motion) of vertical chamber The change and density for diluting fluidized-bed layer increase, this has upset the proper flow of the particle movement in false boiling bed (because increasing The density of particle), preventing the particle compared with low-density, that is, this causes heavier particle to remove light particle and reduces by it The performance of separation process.
Summary of the invention
Basic purpose of the invention is to improve the performance and holding separation process performance of ad hoc approach.
The specific purposes of the method for pneumatic separation raw mineral materials include: that raw material to be separated is placed in air-permeable surface, The air-permeable surface runs through split cavity, wherein the air-flow risen promotes light fraction from air-permeable surface, the latter is with conveyer Form pass through the lower section of the split cavity bottom, wherein by selecting air velocity, diluted fluidized-bed layer is by specific close The particle of degree is formed, and wherein density smaller particle is raised without hindrance before air stream is transferred to gravity sedimentation chamber from split cavity It is tilted into and through, which is characterized in that the split cavity towards conveyer plane with hindering, and its bottom is parallel to conveying Machine plane, and the direction of motion of the acute angle direction conveyer formed by the longitudinal wall of split cavity and its bottom.
Specific position due to split cavity and its bottom relative to conveyor surface is shown when increasing conveyor speed The density for writing the fluidized-bed layer of the rear wall (along the conveyer direction of motion) of reduction split cavity nearby, thus in the whole of split cavity Being more evenly distributed in a cross section.
In order to increase the extraction degree of the particle with predetermined density, the split cavity is by internal longitudinal parallel subregion point At the part of two or more sequences and/or parallel positioning, and the bottom of these parts is parallel to conveyer plane, and And the upper end of these parts merges together in split cavity, and particle is transmitted to gravity sedimentation chamber by single air-flow. This is because being specified for separating particle by scheduled gravity value, to the multistage of specified particle in split cavity Selection is achieved in that through several continuous perpendicular flows to specific particle while having an impact, each perpendicular flow Absorb the specific particle in its specified portions.
Known split cavity selection density is lower than the particle of pre-set density, such as 1.4 grams/cc.It is only to be separated Material may comprising big metric density be less than isolated particle, split cavity be divided into identical or different cross-sectional area Part, and equal or different flow velocity is respectively provided with inside them, will allow with have the particle lower than predetermined density into The interim separation of row, to reduce the load of back chamber and improve the separation effect that density reaches 1.4 grams/cc of particle Rate.
In order to carry out multistage selection to the particle with predetermined gravity, the bottom of the different piece of split cavity is being conveyed It can have identical or different setting height above machine, so that it is guaranteed that being formed in each part of split cavity identical or different The fluidized-bed layer of density, this will allow to ensure that density is substantially less than of preset density in the first part of split cavity The pre-separation of grain, and in last part, execute more acurrate and the effectively particle based on density separation.
Split cavity is divided into multiple portions along the conveyer direction of motion, is allowed in the cross section in split cavity The inhomogeneities of the air's velocity field of (along conveyer) removal, and the chamber is divided into across the conveyer direction of motion more A part, so that transversal cross-section and longitudinal cross-section (perpendicular to conveyor direction) in split cavity be allowed to eliminate air velocity The inhomogeneities of field, and prevent the horizontal and vertical cross flow one of the particle of fluidized-bed layer and ensure it in entire chamber portion Uniformity in point.It is square proportional to realize this effect due to gas-flow resistance and the flow velocity in channel, also, point Not, in the higher channel of original speed, the obstruction that flow velocity is subject to is bigger, and minimum is hindered in the smallest channel of speed, because This, the average value of the flow velocity in each channel close to entire split cavity.
Therefore, split cavity is installed into has a certain degree with conveyer plane, and its bottom plane is located at and conveying The parallel position of machine plane improves disclosed method with allowing substantially (twice and more) compared with prior art Performance.The selectivity for keeping or even improving the Pneumatic method for raw mineral materials separation simultaneously, be applied at present it is pneumatic The known method of separator is dissimilar, and therefore, it meets the standard of " creativeness ".
Detailed description of the invention
Method disclosed herein is by Fig. 1-7 explanation.
Fig. 1 illustrates the block diagram of raw mineral materials separator, and wherein split cavity is disposed vertically, as prototype, Arrow indicates the motion path of raw mineral materials particle to be separated, these are from ventilative conveyer and they and air-flow and stream Change the interaction of bed particle.Moreover, the figure shows layers towards the rear wall (moving along conveyer 30) of split cavity Displacement, in which: 1- disengagement chamber locular wall;The direction of motion of inlet air flow in 2- split cavity;3- gas permeability conveyer has and is separated Raw mineral materials particle 4;The bottom of 5- split cavity;6 а -6f- are separated on the direction of the movement of raw mineral materials particle, 7- gravity Deposition chambers are connected by inlet channel 8 with split cavity, and the inlet system 9 from the gravity sedimentation chamber; 10- gate mouth, the removal for isolated raw mineral materials 11.
Fig. 2 a and 2b show figure A, in the distribution of the fluidization bed particle of the low speed and high-speed case of the conveyer: Conveyer run at high speed during fluidized-bed layer towards split cavity rear wall (being moved along conveyer) be displaced.
Fig. 3 shows the intake section of the device for pneumatically separating, and wherein split cavity is inclined, and arrow shows Gone out by the movement routine of isolated raw mineral materials particle, they enter from ventilative conveyer, and with air-flow and stream Change the interaction of bed particle.In addition it is shown that fluidized-bed layer is uniformly distributed in chamber, in which: 12 а -12b- disengagement chambers The wall of room;The direction of motion of inlet air flow in 13- split cavity;14- gas permeability conveyer, wherein having by isolated raw mineral materials Particle 15;16- split cavity bottom plane;With 17 а -17b- by the side of the movement of the particle of isolated raw mineral materials in chamber To.
Fig. 4 shows the intake section of the device for pneumatically separating, wherein split cavity position at a certain angle and It is made of three parts continuously installed positioned along conveyer, the bottom of these parts is set to identical relative to conveyer Height.Wherein: 18- separates chamber wall;The direction of the movement of sucking air stream of the 19 а -19c- in split cavity each section; The bottom plane of 20 а -20c- split cavity each sections;21- gas permeability conveyer, wherein having by isolated raw mineral materials particle 22;The direction of motion of the 23-35- by isolated raw mineral materials particle in the bottom and fluidized-bed layer of split cavity each section.
Fig. 5 shows the intake section of the device for pneumatically separating, wherein split cavity position at a certain angle and It is made of three parts continuously installed positioned along conveyer, the bottom of these parts is set to difference relative to conveyer Height.Wherein: 36- disengagement chamber locular wall;The direction of the movement of sucking air stream of the 37 а -37c- in split cavity each section; The bottom plane of 38 а -38c- split cavity each sections, at various height relative to the setting of conveyer 39, the conveyer 39 With by the particle 40 of isolated raw mineral materials.
Fig. 6 shows the intake section of the device for pneumatically separating, wherein split cavity position at a certain angle and It is multiple portions, and three including being positioned along conveyer parts continuously installed and three companies transverse to conveyer positioning Continuous part forms, and the bottom of all parts is set to identical height relative to conveyer, in which: 41- multiple portions are inclined Oblique split cavity is moved including three line part 43'-45' along the direction of motion of gas permeability conveyer 42 and transverse to it Three line parts 43 " -43 in direction " ".
Fig. 7 is shown in part 43 " -43 " " inside by the distribution of isolated raw mineral materials particle.
Specific embodiment
In order to understand stated method, firstly, letting us consider that the process occurred in separating vertical chamber, such as Fig. 1 Shown, the particle 4 of raw material is separated, and is moved in ventilative belt conveyor 3.The particle of most thin passes through 3 mistake of conveyer It filters and (is filtered by conveyer 3 and do not illustrated with the process for the particle for conditionally removing spilling by being removed from particle separated region It shows to property).Then, the particle 4 that is moved on conveyer 3 reach separate vertical chamber enter region, this enter region by Wall 1 limits, and is inhaled into air stream 2 by its open bottom opening 5 in this particle 4.Therefore, with separate vertical chamber The adjacent region of open bottom 5, the vortex of mobile particle 6a-6e occurs, passes through horizontal energy and hits 4 shape of particle simultaneously At the vertical lifting force that this is created with their movements on belt conveyor 3 and by air stream 2 is related.Mobile part 6 The specific flowing of а -6f forms fluidized-bed layer by the particle of preset density, and it is preset to be less than this for density wherein The particle of density passes through without restriction;Then, they are transmitted to from vertical chamber by admission line 8 by the air-flow risen Gravity sedimentation chamber 7 provides gas handling system 9 and forms particle 4 into required negative pressure (rarefaction).In gravity sedimentation chamber In room 7 after accumulating particulate, opens gate mouth 10 and remove the particle of deposition.The gravity of the particle of fluidized-bed layer is formed by air Flow velocity 2 is preset.Under the harmonic motion speed conditions of belt conveyor 3, therefore, the performance of this method is low, and particle is fluidizing Distribution layer in bed corresponds to Fig. 2 a;Also, in the increased situation of conveyor speed 3, particle carries out as shown in Figure 2 b Rear (moving along the conveyer) wall of distribution, i.e. fluidized-bed layer towards vertical chamber is displaced.Divide however, reducing in vertical chamber Performance from process.This can be by the fact that explain: when particle 4 is mobile, is flowed in fluidized-bed layer, this It ensures and is separated by the particle of gravity and parasitic flow.Thus, for example, the light granules moved along path 6g can be with edge The particle contact of path 6d mobile high gravity, and in this respect in view of the availability of the horizontal velocity of particle 6d and its Higher density, these particles may remove along the path 6g this particle moved and from split cavity it in tow.
Therefore, when the movement velocity of gas permeability conveyer 3 increases, it will be observed that particle separating property in split cavity It reduces.In this respect, allowing the unique method for improving the pneumatic separating property of raw mineral materials is the movement for increasing gas permeability conveyer 3 Speed.In order to solve the particular problem, it is proposed that being positioned as split cavity with angle, as shown in Figure 3.Due to being inhaled into The region 16 of bed is greater than the region 5 (Fig. 1) of vertically separated chamber, and the wall 12a of split cavity is tilted towards conveyer, however, The movement of particle in fluidized-bed layer is formed by two flowings: along the angled wall 12a upper up-flow guided and towards angulation The vertical current of the wall 12b decline of degree, this leads to the organized circulation of particle.Therefore, the fluidized bed under particle stream 17a shock Layer (moves) wall 12b displacement before along conveyer, thus, plane of the fluidized-bed layer relative to the bottom 16 of split cavity Whole region is horizontal.
In order to improve the extraction degree with preset density granule, the split cavity can pass through longitudinal baffle quilt Be separated into two or more parts (referring to fig. 4) being continuously arranged, 20 а -20b of bottom be parallel to the screen of conveyer and and it Keep identical distance.Following example can explain specific effect.It lets it is assumed that in the activity pattern in split cavity, 90% efficiency may be implemented in one split cavity, i.e., constitutes in 10% from chamber and remove light granules.Therefore, in first portion In point, we can extract 90% light granules, in the second part-enter those of second part light granules 90% or more, i.e., the collective effectiveness separated in two continuous parts is up to 99%, in terms of separating property, a part Equal to 90%.The solution allows for the significant increase of conveyer movement velocity and the performance for the method stated.
Now, the variant embodiment for implementing method shown in Fig. 5 is let us consider that, wherein using the chamber of three parts;Respectively The bottom of a part is located at the height different from chamber surfaces.Specific method allows to ensure in this way in split cavity Fluidized-bed layer is distributed in part so that have compared with low-density fluidized-bed layer conveyer first part (towards conveyer Movement) in extract density and be significantly less than a large amount of particle of preset threshold density, to reduce the load to aft section, In finally remove the particle close to the preset threshold density.
Fig. 6 shows another variant embodiment of the method, and the chamber of inclination separation multiple portions is shown. It includes three part 43'-45' continuously installed, they are arranged along conveyer 42 and three parts sequentially installed 43 " -43 " ", they transverse to conveyer, the bottom of all parts is set to relative to the identical height of conveyer 42.Disengagement chamber This arrangement of indoor section allows while ensuring the uniformity of fluidized-bed layer, either in the longitudinal of vertical cavity or in cross Into part.Fig. 7 shows the raw mineral materials particle of separation in part 43 " -43 " " in distribution, they are laterally positioned in conveyer On 42.
In order to actually realize the method, prototype plant is manufactured, for separating the waste of ferrochrome production, it is intended to further Obtain ferrochrome.Separation process is moved in the separation enterprising promoting the circulation of qi of inclined chamber, which is continuously partially formed by 3 (Fig. 4), and 55 ° are constituted with the inclination angle of conveyer plane.Before pneumatic processing starts, waste is tentatively ground to coarse Degree is 0-6 millimeters, and is supplied to belt conveyor, and the band of conveyer is made of grid, and grid is 1 millimeter, and width is 600 millis Rice, travel speed are 0.5-1.5 meter per second.The cross section for tilting split cavity is 600 × 150 millimeters, is highly 900 millimeters, and It is divided into 3 mutually prismatic parts by partition.Chamber is highly 2500 millimeters by air pipeline and 1200 millimeters of diameter The connection of gravity sedimentation chamber.The air stream in split cavity is selected, so that generation is free of ferrochrome pearl in the chamber and gravity is small In the product of 2.9-3.5 tons/cubic meter, and retain the crome metal for containing micro field trash on the conveyer after by chamber Iron;It is vendible concentrate.With the single rectangular vertical point with 600 × 150 millimeters of section and 900 millimeters of height It is compared from chamber, the particular characteristic of split cavity provides the performance of equally distributed fluidized-bed layer and the device of 2.2 times of increase.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of Pneumatic method for separating raw mineral materials, comprising: raw material to be separated is placed in air-permeable surface, it is described ventilative Split cavity is run through on surface, wherein the air-flow risen promotes light fraction from air-permeable surface, the latter is led in the form of conveyer Cross the lower section of the split cavity bottom, wherein by select air velocity, diluted fluidized-bed layer by specific density particle It is formed, wherein density smaller particle is raised before air stream is transferred to gravity sedimentation chamber from split cavity and unhinderedly enters And passing through, which is characterized in that the split cavity is tilted towards conveyer plane, and its bottom is parallel to conveyer plane, And the direction of motion of conveyer is directed toward by the acute angle that the longitudinal wall of split cavity and its bottom are formed.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein the split cavity is divided by internal longitudinal parallel separator The part of two or more sequences and/or parallel positioning, the bottom of these parts are parallel to conveyer plane positioning, and And the upper end of these parts is bonded together in vertically separated chamber, and particle is transmitted to gravity sedimentation chamber by single air-flow Room.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, each section of the split cavity has the cross of area equation Section.
4. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the cross that each section of the split cavity has area different Section.
5. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the bottom of each section of the split cavity is relative to conveying Machine surface is arranged in identical height.
6. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the bottom of each section of vertical cavity is relative to conveyer table Face is arranged at various height.
CN201680091198.6A 2016-12-27 2016-12-27 Pneumatic method for separating mineral raw material Active CN110022994B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH556695A (en) * 1972-04-12 1974-12-13 Rips Sa Vibratory sieve/pneumatic classifier - has baffle fitted reciprocating feed table
CN1496327A (en) * 2001-03-09 2004-05-12 ŵ��˹���¹�˾ Method and device for separating fractions in material flow
CN1557572A (en) * 2004-02-13 2004-12-29 凯 陈 Device for separating granulated substance
CN204564566U (en) * 2015-04-23 2015-08-19 红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司楚雄卷烟厂 A kind of diffusion precipitin formula blanking wind divides device

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EA036686B1 (en) 2020-12-08
ZA201900871B (en) 2019-12-18
EP3563939B1 (en) 2021-09-22
EP3563939A1 (en) 2019-11-06
CN110022994B (en) 2022-07-22
EA201800423A1 (en) 2019-11-29
EP3563939A4 (en) 2020-09-23

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