CN110017326A - 轴承组件 - Google Patents

轴承组件 Download PDF

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CN110017326A
CN110017326A CN201811510695.2A CN201811510695A CN110017326A CN 110017326 A CN110017326 A CN 110017326A CN 201811510695 A CN201811510695 A CN 201811510695A CN 110017326 A CN110017326 A CN 110017326A
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outer ring
bearing
bearing assembly
assembly according
positioning
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CN110017326B (zh
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托马斯·福斯特
约翰·胡贝尔
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SKF AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C25/00—Bearings for exclusively rotary movement adjustable for wear or play
    • F16C25/06—Ball or roller bearings
    • F16C25/08—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting
    • F16C25/083—Ball or roller bearings self-adjusting with resilient means acting axially on a race ring to preload the bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/32—Balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/583—Details of specific parts of races
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C13/00—Rolls, drums, discs, or the like; Bearings or mountings therefor
    • F16C13/006—Guiding rollers, wheels or the like, formed by or on the outer element of a single bearing or bearing unit, e.g. two adjacent bearings, whose ratio of length to diameter is generally less than one
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/06—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with a single row or balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
    • F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/303—Parts of ball or roller bearings of hybrid bearings, e.g. rolling bearings with steel races and ceramic rolling elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)

Abstract

公开了一种轴承组件，包括能够安装在轴上的两个定位轴承，其中这两个定位轴承(1)中的至少一者包括两件式外圈(4)，所述外圈(4)包括径向向内的外圈(6)和径向向外的外圈(8)，其中向内的外圈(6)的直径小于向外的外圈(8)的直径。

Description

轴承组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据本专利技术方案1的前序部分的轴承组件，该轴承组件包括能够安装在轴上的两个定位轴承。
背景技术
在各种应用(诸如电动马达或风力涡轮发电机)中，可以使用两个轴承的组合。例如，为了将轴支撑在壳体中，可以使用非定位轴承与定位轴承的组合。这里，定位轴承通常将轴固定地支撑在壳体中。为了使轴能够移位，使用非定位轴承作为第二轴承。这种移位可能是必要的，以便补偿轴承的制造公差或元件的(例如轴承或轴的)变形(例如热膨胀)。为此目的，非定位轴承通常在轴承壳体中具有滑动座，该座确保了轴承的移位能力。
然而，由于在操作(/工作)时特别是在非定位轴承的外圈与非定位轴承的壳体之间可能产生摩擦腐蚀(也称为微动磨损(fretting))，因此在极端情况下移位可能被阻止。以这种方式，可能引起非常高的轴承力(bearing force)并因此导致轴承的后续失效(/故障)。
还可以将圆柱滚子轴承与深沟球轴承组合。这里两个轴承可以被固定地安装，这是因为轴向移位可以被圆柱滚子轴承吸收。然而，在圆柱滚子轴承中发生内圈、外圈和滚子的线性接触，这导致脂(的)使用寿命和轴承摩擦的缺点(/不利)。此外，这里频繁使用的圆柱(形)陶瓷滚子是昂贵的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种轴承组件，其具有改善的轴承使用寿命。
该目的通过根据本专利技术方案1的轴承组件来实现。
轴承组件包括能够安装在(共同的)轴上的两个定位轴承。为了使这两个轴承能够轴向移位，这两个定位轴承中的至少一者包括两件式外圈。所述两件式外圈包括径向向内的外圈和径向向外的外圈。这里该定位轴承的内圈固定地附接于轴，定位轴承的向外的外圈固定地附接于围绕轴的元件(例如壳体)。这里，向内的外圈的直径小于向外的外圈的直径。这里，两件式外圈的两个外圈的直径被选择成使得这两个外圈一个配合(/嵌合)到另一个内。这里，向外的外圈的内径和向内的外圈的外径被选择成使得这两个外圈一个配合到另一个内(fit one-into-the-other)。向外的外圈的内径优选小于向内的外圈的外径，以便使得能够移位。
如果元件(例如轴承或轴)发生变形或膨胀，则向内的外圈和向外的外圈能够相对于彼此轴向移位，以便补偿这种变形或膨胀。例如，在各个(/单个)(individual)元件使用不同的材料的情况下，由于与其相关联的不同的热系数以及进而元件的不同的膨胀，这种变形或膨胀可能发生。元件的变形或膨胀特别是轴在轴向上长度的变化。由于这种长度上的变化，可能发生力施加在定位轴承上，这可以被至少一个轴承的两件式外圈来支撑。
特别地，这一个轴承的两个外圈能够相对于彼此轴向移位。由于这种布置，轴的变形或膨胀可以被特别有利地吸收。
根据一个实施方式，向内的外圈的轴向尺寸小于向外的外圈的轴向尺寸。以这种方式，向内的外圈能够在不向内突出超过向外的外圈的情况下相对于向外的外圈轴向移位。向外的外圈的轴向尺寸优选与定位轴承的内圈的轴向尺寸对应。
根据另一实施方式，定位轴承是滚动(元件)轴承。特别地，定位轴承中的一个或这两个定位轴承可以是球轴承，特别是深沟球轴承。由于使用两个球轴承(特别是深沟球轴承)，与使用圆柱滚子轴承相比，既可以增加脂的使用寿命又可以减小摩擦。因此可以减小轴承的磨损并延长使用寿命。因此这也导致成本降低。
根据另一实施方式，滚动元件轴承包括由陶瓷制成的滚动元件。陶瓷滚动元件提供了特别低的磨损并因此提供了轴承的长的使用寿命。这进而导致轴承的使用寿命更长，因此也导致成本降低。
定位轴承中的至少一者可以包括弹簧元件，该弹簧元件布置在定位轴承的轴承内部中。该弹簧元件与向内的外圈相互作用，以便将轴向预紧(/预载荷)施加在向内的外圈上。由于弹簧元件可以布置在轴承内部内，因此能够实现整个轴承组件的特别紧凑的设计。由于向内的外圈具有比向外的外圈小的轴向尺寸，由此弹簧元件能够获得空间，因此这尤其是可能的。
向内的外圈和向外的外圈可以由不同的材料构成。作为另外一种选择或另外地，可以在向内的外圈与向外的外圈之间设置涂层(coating)。
特别地，外圈和/或涂层的材料可以被选择成使得在两个外圈的相互抵接的表面之间产生特别好的滑移。例如，外圈中的一者可以由塑料材料制成。
作为另一种选择，外圈和/或涂层的材料可以被选择成使得在两个外圈的相互抵接的表面之间产生特别好的静摩擦。以这种方式，可以实现的是两个外圈不太容易相对于彼此移位，而是仅当(因轴的变形而导致)一定力施加在定位轴承上时才发生移位。
附图说明
另外的优点和有利的实施方式在说明书、附图和权利要求中详细说明。这里，尤其是在说明书和附图中详细说明的特征的组合纯粹是示例性的，使得这些特征还可以单独存在或以其它方式组合。
在下文中，基于附图中描绘的示例性实施方式更详细地描述本发明。这里，示例性实施方式和在示例性实施方式中示出的组合纯粹是示例性的，而不意在限定本发明的范围。本发明的范围仅由待定的权利要求限定。
图1示出了根据第一实施方式的包括了两件式外圈的定位轴承的截面图；和
图2示出了根据第二实施方式的包括了两件式外圈的定位轴承的截面图。
附图标记说明
1 轴承组件
2 内圈
4 外圈
6 向内的外圈
8 向外的外圈
10 滚动元件
12 保持架
14 壳体
16 游隙
18 弹簧元件
20 O形圈
具体实施方式
在下文中，相同的或功能上等同的元件被用相同的附图标记表示。
图1示出了轴承1，轴承1被构造为包括了两件式外圈(two-part outer ring)的定位轴承(locating bearing)。该定位轴承1可以与第二定位轴承组合使用，以便例如将轴支撑在壳体(/座)(housing)中。这里，第二定位轴承可以被构造成具有单件式外圈(one-partouter ring)。
定位轴承1包括内圈2和两件式外圈4。这里，两件式外圈4包括(comprised of)下面这样的两个圈：这两个圈被布置成在径向上一个在另一个上(one-over-the-other)，这两个圈为向内的外圈6和向外的外圈8。这里，圈6、8能够相对于彼此轴向移位。定位轴承1还包括滚动元件10，滚动元件10可以被保持在保持架12中。
在轴向上，定位轴承1包括位于外圈4与内圈2之间的壳体(housing)14。如图1所示，向内的外圈6的轴向尺寸小于向外的外圈8的轴向尺寸。以这种方式，向内的外圈6能够在不突出超过外圈8的情况下以游隙(/间隙)(clearance)16相对于向外的外圈8轴向移动。
由于两件式外圈4，因此能够将两个定位轴承固定地安装在轴上，这是因为因公差、热膨胀或变形而可能需要的必要的移位能力(displaceability)能够被向内的外圈6和向外的外圈8适应(accommodated)。
向内的外圈6和向外的外圈8的相互邻近的表面可以设置有涂层。该涂层可以被选择成使得确保这两个圈6、8之间的特别好的滑移(slippage)。以这种方式，可以发生圈6、8相对于彼此的移位，由此减小了表面的磨损。如果代替(/不是)(instead of)特别好的滑移，则涂层被选择成使得提供一定的静摩擦，可以防止圈6、8在最轻微的变形/膨胀下相对于彼此移位。这里，仅当一定的(certain)最小力施加在轴承1上时才发生圈6、8的移位。
图2示出了定位轴承1的第二实施方式，其中设置有弹簧元件18。该弹簧元件18例如可以是布置在中间空间16中的杯形弹簧(cup spring)。弹簧元件18可以在一侧支撑抵靠向内的外圈6并在另一侧支撑抵靠壳体14。在图2中，向外的外圈8在一侧向下拉因此代表(represents)壳体14的一部分，弹簧元件18支撑抵靠该部分。由于(有)弹簧元件18，因此向内的外圈6可以被以预紧(preload)作用(acted upon with a preload)，以便固定向内的外圈6在轴承1中的特定位置(certain position)。
此外，两个O形圈20被设置在向外的外圈8上。它们(/这两个O形圈)位于向外的外圈8与向内的外圈6之间，并用于防止这两个外圈6、8在周向上相互扭转。以这种方式，除了预期的(desired)轴向移位之外，还能够防止这两个外圈6、8相对于彼此的各自运动(eachmovement)。
由于所提出的定位轴承，因此能够提供一种轴承组件，其包括两个定位轴承，该轴承能够固定地安装在轴上，其中轴承组件的轴向移位由这两个定位轴承中的至少一者的两件式外圈提供。

Claims (9)

1.一种轴承组件，包括能够安装在轴上的两个定位轴承，其特征在于，这两个定位轴承(1)中的至少一者包括两件式外圈(4)，所述外圈(4)包括径向向内的外圈(6)和径向向外的外圈(8)，其中向内的外圈(6)的直径小于向外的外圈(8)的直径。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴承组件，其特征在于，所述向内的外圈(6)和所述向外的外圈(8)能够相对于彼此轴向移位。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承组件，其特征在于，所述向内的外圈(6)的轴向尺寸小于所述向外的外圈(8)的轴向尺寸。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴承组件，其特征在于，所述两个定位轴承(1)为滚动元件轴承。
5.根据权利要求4所述的轴承组件，其特征在于，所述两个定位轴承(1)中的至少一者为球轴承，特别是深沟球轴承。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的轴承组件，其特征在于，所述滚动元件轴承包括由陶瓷制成的滚动元件(10)。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴承组件，其特征在于，所述定位轴承(1)中的至少一者包括弹簧元件，所述弹簧元件布置在所述轴承(1)的内部空间中。
8.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴承组件，其特征在于，所述向内的外圈(6)和所述向外的外圈(8)由不同的材料构成。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的轴承组件，其特征在于，涂层被布置在所述向内的外圈与所述向外的外圈之间。
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US20190186535A1 (en) 2019-06-20
CN110017326B (zh) 2022-09-06
US11156250B2 (en) 2021-10-26

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