CN110014144A - 一种用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料 - Google Patents
一种用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，该材料的制备工艺包括以下步骤：s1.将设定配比的Cr‑Fe粉、Mo粉和Mn粉混合，进行球磨；s2.将上述粉末在1000℃，流动氮气中渗氮1h获得高氮复合粉末；s3.将所述高氮复合粉末添加纯Fe粉并继续球磨处理；s4.取球磨后的粉料放入压机内，采用650MPa以上的压力将粉料压成所需变速箱形状，压制成型得到毛坯；s5.将毛坯放入网带炉内进行烧结得到粉末冶金变速箱，网带速度600‑800r/min；s6.将烧结后的粉末冶金变速箱通过压机进行整形，使所述的粉末冶金变速箱达到要求的公差范围；s7.将整形后的粉末冶金变速箱进行倒角处理和去毛刺处理；本发明的用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，采用机械合金化工艺制备出高氮近球形包覆粉末，然后用粉末冶金压制‑烧结工艺制备出高氮奥氏体钢变速箱。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及变速箱加工领域，具体是一种用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料。
背景技术
目前，我国大多数变速箱加工一般都采用钢材加工的工艺。需要热处理调质、数控车床精车、粗磨非基准面、粗滚变速箱、精插变速箱、剃齿、线切割、去毛刺、热处理氮化、靠磨端面、精磨二平面、精磨外圆、珩齿、齿廓倒角R0.1；清洗干净防锈等工序。加工时间长，加工设备多，物流周转慢，浪费能源的特点。粉末冶金是制取金属粉末或用金属粉末(或金属粉末与非金属粉末的混合物)作为原料，经过成形和烧结，制取金属材料、复合材料以及各种类型制品的工业技术。目前，粉末冶金技术已被广泛应用于交通、机械、电子、航空航天、兵器、生物、新能源、信息和核工业等领域，成为新材料科学中最具发展活力的分支之一。粉末冶金技术具备显著节能、省材、性能优异、产品精度高且稳定性好等一系列优点，非常适合于大批量生产。另外，部分用传统铸造方法和机械加工方法无法制备的材料和复杂零件也可用粉末冶金技术制造，因而备受工业界的重视。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的缺陷，提供一种用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料。
本发明的用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，包括以下步骤：
s1.将设定配比的Cr-Fe粉、Mo粉和Mn粉混合，进行球磨；
s2.将上述粉末在1000℃，流动氮气中渗氮1h获得高氮复合粉末；
s3.将所述高氮复合粉末添加纯Fe粉并继续球磨处理；
s4.取球磨后的粉料放入压机内，采用650MPa以上的压力将粉料压成所需变速箱形状，压制成型得到毛坯；
s5.将毛坯放入网带炉内进行烧结得到粉末冶金变速箱，网带速度 600-800r/min；
s6.将烧结后的粉末冶金变速箱通过压机进行整形，使所述的粉末冶金变速箱达到要求的公差范围；
s7.将整形后的粉末冶金变速箱进行倒角处理和去毛刺处理。
进一步，毛坯在网带炉内进行烧结的时间为2-3小时。
进一步，毛坯在网带炉内进行烧结的温度为1200-1300℃。
进一步，所述Cr-Fe粉的成分的质量比为：65.23Cr，0.079C,0.93Si。
进一步，所述Mn粉的纯度应大于99％。
进一步，在所述球磨过程中，应添加1％的硬脂酸锌润滑剂；
本发明的有益效果是：本发明的用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，利用粉末冶金生产高氮钢变速箱，能够细化晶粒，通过费平衡方法获得过饱和的含氮固溶体和细小沉淀相，较为容易的获得更高的含氮量，其工艺灵活，资金投入低，另外，本工艺中采用机械合金化工艺制备出高氮近球形包覆粉末，然后用粉末冶金压制-烧结工艺制备出高氮奥氏体钢变速箱。
具体实施方式
本实施例的用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，包括以下步骤：
s1.选用的原谅粉末和规格分别为：烙铁粉(质量分数：65.23Cr，0.079C， 0.93Si)Mn粉(纯度＞99％)和铁粉(纯度＞99％)；上述粉末混合后，进行2h 球磨，目的是细化粉末颗粒，在随后渗氮时缩短氮在粉末中的扩散距离，并增加氮的固溶度；
s2.将上述粉末在1000℃，流动氮气中渗氮1h获得高氮复合粉末；
s3.将所述高氮复合粉末添加纯Fe粉并继续球磨处理3h；在此过程中，较软的Fe粉会比较均匀的包覆在较硬的高氮复合粉末表面，形成近球形的包覆粉末，这种粉末具有良好的流动性和可塑性，有利于压制成型。
s4.取球磨后的粉料放入压机内，采用650MPa以上的压力将粉料压成所需变速箱形状，压制成型得到毛坯；粉末的压制是粉末冶金工艺的关键步骤，在压制力下粉末体发生位移、重排和变形，较大的孔隙被填充，颗粒表面的氧化膜破碎，颗粒间接触面积增大，是原子间产生吸引力且颗粒间的机械契合作用增强，孔隙度减小，压坯逐渐发生致密化。制止力直接影响粉末冶金压坯的密度，提高压坯密度有利于提高粉末冶金制品的各项力学性能和物理性能。本实施例在球磨后的粉末中加入1％的硬脂酸锌润滑剂混合均匀后，在液压机上施加 650Mpa的压力，压坯的相对密度超过76.2％，继续增加压力，由于加工硬化作用度变形的阻碍大，压坯的相对密度增加不大。制得的压坯具有金属光泽，平整光滑，形状完好，具有足够的强度。
s5.将毛坯放入网带炉内进行烧结得到粉末冶金变速箱，网带速度 600-800r/min；毛坯在网带炉内进行烧结的时间为2-3小时。毛坯在网带炉内进行烧结的温度为1200-1300℃，低温烧结时，粉末压坯中没有出现液相，烧结方式主要是固相烧结，致密化过程通过组分的固态扩散和均匀化来实现，当烧结温度超过1200℃后，烧结方式以液相烧结为主，由液相引起的物质迁徙臂固相扩散块的多，最终液相将充满烧结体的孔隙中，因为能获得较高的烧结致密度，温度超过1300℃后，由于液相体积过多，导致烧结体的尺寸和形状不能维持。
s6.将烧结后的粉末冶金变速箱通过压机进行整形，使所述的粉末冶金变速箱达到要求的公差范围；
s7.将整形后的粉末冶金变速箱进行倒角处理和去毛刺处理。
最后说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的宗旨和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当中。
Claims (6)
1.一种用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，其特征在于，该材料的制备工艺包括以下步骤：
s1.将设定配比的Cr-Fe粉、Mo粉和Mn粉混合，进行球磨；
s2.将上述粉末在1000℃，流动氮气中渗氮1h获得高氮复合粉末；
s3.将所述高氮复合粉末添加纯Fe粉并继续球磨处理；
s4.取球磨后的粉料放入压机内，采用650MPa以上的压力将粉料压成所需变速箱形状，压制成型得到毛坯；
s5.将毛坯放入网带炉内进行烧结得到粉末冶金变速箱，网带速度600-800r/min；
s6.将烧结后的粉末冶金变速箱通过压机进行整形，使所述的粉末冶金变速箱达到要求的公差范围；
s7.将整形后的粉末冶金变速箱进行倒角处理和去毛刺处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种粉末冶金变速箱的加工方法，其特征在于：毛坯在网带炉内进行烧结的时间为2-3小时。
3.根据权利要求2所述的用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，其特征在于：毛坯在网带炉内进行烧结的温度为1200-1300℃。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，其特征在于：所述Cr-Fe粉的成分的质量比为：65.23Cr，0.079C,0.93Si。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，其特征在于：所述Mn粉的纯度应大于99％。
6.根据权利要求5所述的用于汽车变速箱的粉末冶金减磨材料，其特征在于：在所述球磨过程中，应添加1％的硬脂酸锌润滑剂。
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| EP4227022A1 (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-16 | General Electric Company | Bulk dual phase soft magnetic components having three-dimensional magnetic flux and manufacturing methods |
Citations (3)
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP4227022A1 (en) * | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-16 | General Electric Company | Bulk dual phase soft magnetic components having three-dimensional magnetic flux and manufacturing methods |
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