CN1100134C - Process for treating cotton seeds - Google Patents
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- CN1100134C CN1100134C CN00134520A CN00134520A CN1100134C CN 1100134 C CN1100134 C CN 1100134C CN 00134520 A CN00134520 A CN 00134520A CN 00134520 A CN00134520 A CN 00134520A CN 1100134 C CN1100134 C CN 1100134C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a processing method for cottonseeds. In the method, after the hull of a cottonseed is separated from the kernel of a cottonseed, the cottonseed kernel is pretreated; oil is extracted from the dried cottonseed kernel once by 6<#> prime city naphtha, and the solvent of the oil is eliminated to obtain crude oil; gossypol is extracted from wet meal containing a solvent by methanol; the drained wet meal is dried after extrusion and exsolution by a machine to obtain cottonseed protein; an oil soluble substance and solid impurities are removed by a separation method; the mixture is dried to obtain the crude product of oligosaccharide. The present invention has the characteristics of high oil yield, thorough dephenolization, no loss of effective protein, simple manufacturing process, low production cost, good versatility, etc. The present invention is also applicable to the processing technology of soybeans and vegetable seeds.
Description
China is that the world mainly produces cotton big country, produce about 5,000,000 tons of cottonseed per year, if the cottonseed resource is fully used, can obtain about 2,000,000 tons high-quality cottonseed protein (protein content about 50%) every year, in order to substitute feedstuff protein sources such as fish meal, dregs of beans, not only can reduce the import volume of dregs of beans and fish meal, save a large amount of foreign exchanges, and can promote the development of aquaculture.Cottonseed protein has tangible competitive edge on price, develop high-quality cottonseed protein, has good prospects concerning populous Chinese market.
Cottonseed belongs to renewable resources, to its full-scale development, meets the strategy of sustainable development, has good economic benefit and social benefit.
China's protein feed resource (mainly being puffed soybean) has very big breach.Whole nation fodder industry office predicts the supply/demand of China 2000 and animal husbandry and fishery product productive capacity in 2010 and feed resource according to materials such as State Council's " the nineties China food reform and development outline ", the medium-term and long-term livestock and poultry of China, fishery products production planning and Ministry of Agriculture's development outlines, and the breach of 2000 and China's puffed soybean in 2010 is respectively 1,520 ten thousand tons and 25,600,000 tons.According to illiteracy office in the World Bank prediction of Chinese feed balance between supply and demand is shown: the breach of China's energy feed in 2000 and protein feed is respectively 6,600 ten thousand tons and 2,400 ten thousand tons, the breach of energy feed in 2010 is 4,300 ten thousand tons and 8,300 ten thousand tons, and the breach of protein feed is 3,800 ten thousand tons.Therefore, China is faced with the wretched insufficiency of feed grain problem in short supply, particularly puffed soybean, will become the main restricting factor of China's feed industrial development.
The alternative soybean of cottonseed protein, corn etc. are used for food, feedstuff industry, and the exploitation of cottonseed protein resource is used and can be saved millions of tons grain, and be very huge to its meaning of China populous, that the arable land is less.
The cotton dregs that contain gossypol can only be done rudimentary feed or fertilizer, and purposes is narrow.Cottonseed protein content after the dephenolize reaches (one-level soybean meal content 44%) more than 50%, and other main quality index is similar to soybean protein, can replace soybean protein fully and be used for industries such as feed, food and biological fermentation, and purposes is very extensive.
Cottonseed protein belongs to legume protein, has characteristics such as low fiber, hypermetabolism energy and Methionin virtual value height, is a kind of high-quality edible protein, and its nutritive value is far superior to the gluten protein.
Aspect foodstuffs industry, make various food with dephenolization cottonseed protein, not only rich in protein, and contain various VITAMIN and human body must amino acid.The U.S. has developed many old men and infant foods with cottonseed protein.
Cottonseed is a kind of important protein resource, many for many years scientific workers have the cotton seed dephenolization technology of practical value in exploration, a lot of laboratory results have been made, but owing to the industrialization technology of dephenolize fails to be well solved, so this valuable protein resource of cotton dregs fails to be fully used.
Because cottonseed contains deleterious gossypol, if produce edible and feed cottonseed protein, just gossypol content must be reduced to below the safety index, keep amino acid whose validity simultaneously, i.e. production is edible to be dephenolize and to keep nutritive value with the task of feed with cottonseed protein.The hot moulding extract technology that adopts not only can not remove gossypol effectively at present, and cottonseed is after high temperature steams stir-fry and hot moulding, protein denaturation, digestibility reduces, gossypol part in the course of processing combines with proteinic amino acid, reduced the validity of Methionin, the nutritive value of cottonseed protein also incurs loss.In fact, poisonous and nutrition also is poor to the cotton cake dregs of producing by current technology to non-ruminant animals such as people, pig, chickens.It is generally acknowledged that the toxicity of cottonseed is mainly derived from free gossypol, the protein panel of consultants of the World Health Organization and food and agricultural organization and United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund suggestion free gossypol is no more than 0.06%, and total gossypol is no more than 1.2% cotton dregs can be for human edible; The food and drug administration's permissible dose of regulation free gossypol in food is less than 0.045%.Therefore, the top priority of full price exploitation cottonseed protein is dephenolize.
China is in order to make full use of the cottonseed resource, classify the cotton seed dephenolization technology as " six or five ", " the Seventh Five-Year Plan " key research projects, invest tens million of units, develop a collection of cotton seed dephenolization technology, mainly contain chemical method: utilize the chemical property of gossypol to add suitable chemical reagent, under certain condition gossypol is destroyed or form combined, but can't solve problems such as protein denaturation in the former technology, nutritive value reduction, so chemical method only can solve the dephenolize problem.Microbe fermentation method: cotton dregs are controlled under certain temperature and humidity, by the microbial fermentation effect, gossypol is decomposed, become non-toxic substance, but there are defectives such as spawn culture, working condition be wayward, floor space is big, be difficult to realize serialization production also just solve the dephenolize problem, and can not guarantee the problems such as protein denaturation, nutritive value reduction in the original production process.Solvent extration: the characteristic of utilizing acetone, Virahol, ethanol isopolarity solvent can dissolve gossypol, extract the gossypol in the cottonseed; Study more have binary (solvent oil and acetone or alcohol) solvent and ternary (solvent oil, acetone or alcohol, water) solvent, this method production cost is low, can carry out at low temperatures, overcome the protein denaturation problem, dephenolize is thorough, domestic because of reasons such as equipment and industrialization technologies, though laboratory technique is very successful, carries out normal suitability for industrialized production and still need and do further work.
The objective of the invention is to treatment process for a kind of cottonseed, promptly outside the product Oleum Gossypii semen and boll hull that obtain traditional cottonseed source mill, cotton dregs are become the dephenolization cottonseed protein that reaches edible demand, and in the waste water treatment process, also obtain the crude product oligose, making cottonseed obtain full price rationally utilizes, and oil yield height, dephenolize thoroughly, effectively albumen does not lose, technology is simple, production cost is low, versatility is good, is suitable for large-scale commercial production.
Of the present invention to the effect that cottonseed being peeled off and the separation of shell benevolence obtains cotton seed hulls and cotton benevolence; Grease in the cotton benevolence and gossypol adopt solvent extration to extract, and Oleum Gossypii semen carries out refining again and reaches national edible oil standard; And the extraction gossypol is that the free gossypol content in the cottonseed protein is reduced to the below the mark of the edible cottonseed protein of the U.S., carries out low temperature (less than 80 ℃) operation simultaneously in the drying course of pre-treatment, extraction and cottonseed protein, guarantees the nutritive value of cottonseed protein; Waste water behind the methanol solution recovery methyl alcohol of extraction gossypol is administered, and obtained the oligose crude product.
Technical scheme of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1. cottonseed obtains cotton Renhe boll hull after the unit of peeling off is peeled off and carried out the separation of shell benevolence, and cotton benevolence is carried out pre-treatment under the following conditions: 60～80 ℃ softening, presses embryo, 60～80 ℃ of oven dry; Wherein: pressing the flake thickness degree is 0.3～0.5mm, and moisture contains benevolence less than 1% 5～9% in the shell, contain shell in the benevolence less than 15%, and the fines content of cottonseed benevolence is less than 8%,
2. the cotton benevolence after the oven dry directly enters leacher, adopts 6
#Solvent oil once leaches grease, 50～55 ℃ of service temperatures, solvent ratio is 1.1～1.8: 1, extraction time is 100～180 minutes, mixing oil obtains crude oil through a steaming, two steamings, stripping after removing solvent, crude oil obtains edible oil through refining, and the solvent that steams branch water cycle after the condenser cooling is used
3. contain wet cake and enter the dephenolize extractor, adopt the methanol extraction gossypol, 40～55 ℃ of extraction temperature, solvent ratio are 1～1.5: 1, and methanol concentration 80～98%, extraction time are 30～60 minutes,
4. the wet dregs of rice after draining are behind the mechanical presses precipitation, make methanol content be reduced to 30～40%, dry then, bake out temperature is less than 80 ℃, can obtain protein content greater than 50%, Residual oil less than 2%, free gossypol content less than 0.04%, residual molten less than 0.05% cottonseed protein
5. will extract the methanol solution evaporation behind the gossypol, and adopt separation method, will promptly obtain the crude product oligose after the water liquid drying lipid-soluble substance and water-insoluble solid Impurity removal.
Starting point of the present invention is: high temperature steaming stir-fry, hot moulding operation in the traditional technology are removed the problem of avoiding protein denaturation, nutritive value to reduce; Adopt lixiviation process once to extract the grease in the cottonseed; Solubilizing agent extraction gossypol again after cottonseed is carried oil and finished; Adopt oven drying at low temperature equipment, guarantee the quality of product, the present invention has characteristics such as oil yield height, dephenolize is thorough, effectively albumen does not lose, technology is simple, production cost is low, versatility is good.Simultaneously, the present invention also is applicable to the immersion oil of soybean and produces low temperature soy meal and the pre-press for extracting juice of vegetable seed----extract technology.
The main component that extracts from cottonseed is Oleum Gossypii semen and gossypol, and Oleum Gossypii semen is a lipid-soluble substance, and gossypol is pure soluble substance, according to the principle of " structural similitude dissolving ", utilizes 6
#Oleum Gossypii semen in the solvent oil extraction cottonseed utilizes the gossypol in the methanol extraction cottonseed.Because Oleum Gossypii semen is a large amount of in the cottonseed, and methyl alcohol has stronger atomizing to cottonseed, therefore adopts the technology of extraction gossypol after the extraction Oleum Gossypii semen earlier.Cottonseed protein is being easy to take place sex change more than 80 ℃, reduce nutritive value, requires in the production process of cottonseed protein temperature to be controlled at below 80 ℃.
Accompanying drawing 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
1. pre-treatment
Because the cottonseed oleaginousness is higher, it is higher that solvent directly leaches residual oil content, and general the employing steamed stir-fry, hot moulding pretreatment technology.The purpose of steaming stir-fry, hot moulding is in order to obtain most of grease, to alleviate the leaching burden, improving oil yield.But owing to steam the temperature higher (greater than 100 ℃) of stir-fry, hot moulding operation, cause a large amount of sex change of protein, nutritive value descends.The present invention adopts the low temperature pretreatment technology, removes high temperature and steams conventional pretreatment operations such as stir-fry, hot moulding, the problem of avoiding protein denaturation, nutritive value to reduce.
Cottonseed is peeled off and is carried out obtaining cotton Renhe boll hull after shell benevolence separates through the unit of peeling off, and cotton benevolence is softened, pressed embryo, dries laggard leacher, and cotton benevolence softening temperature is controlled at 60～80 ℃, wherein 70～80 ℃ preferable; May command thickness is 0.3～0.5mm when pressing embryo; Bake out temperature is controlled at 60～80 ℃, wherein 70～80 ℃ preferable; Go into leacher moisture and can be controlled in 5～9%.
Peeling off, to separate with shell benevolence be pretreated key, and it is big to contain the benevolence amount in the shell, and product (Oleum Gossypii semen and cottonseed protein) yield descends, deficiency in economic performance; It is big to contain the shell amount in the benevolence, and the protein content of cottonseed protein product is low, and production efficiency descends, and the yield of Oleum Gossypii semen reduces, and influences benefit.The control of general domestic existing enterprise is peeled off and the isolating index of benevolence shell is to contain shell about 30% in the benevolence, contain benevolence in the shell less than 1%, contain benevolence in the treatment process of the present invention control shell and contain shell less than 15% less than 1%, in the benevolence, the fines content of cottonseed benevolence is less than 8% simultaneously, satisfied the requirement of follow-up grease single extraction, and (the cotton dregs protein content that domestic similar enterprise produces is less than 38% greater than 50% to make the protein content of cottonseed protein product.
The technology of steaming stir-fry behind the domestic similar enterprise employing pressure embryo, hot moulding guarantees the forming degree of cotton benevolence and the branch of going into to soak, and the present invention adopts the mode of oven dry (less than 80 ℃) to make the branch of going into to soak of cotton benevolence reach requirement, and the while does not increase fines content again.
2. once leach grease
Cotton benevolence after the oven dry directly enters leacher, adopts 6
#Solvent oil once leaches grease, service temperature can be controlled in known 50～55 ℃, solvent ratio is 1.1～1.8: 1, and for example, the used quantity of solvent of cotton benevolence of per kilogram can be 1.1,1.2,1.4,1.6,1.8 liters, extraction time is 100～180 minutes, for example controlledly be made as 100,120,140,160,180 fens, mixing oil through known one steam, two steam, stripping obtains crude oil after removing solvent, crude oil obtains edible oil through refining, the solvent that steams divides water can be recycled after the condenser cooling
Because the cotton benevolence oil length height (about 30%) after cottonseed is peeled off, the present invention will carry oil and dephenolize proceed step by step, realize once putting forward the target of oil, cottonseed protein product residual oil content≤2%.
2. extraction gossypol
Contain wet cake and enter the dephenolize extractor, adopt the methanol extraction gossypol, 40～55 ℃ of extraction temperature; Solvent ratio is 1～1.5: 1, and for example the used quantity of methyl alcohol of the wet dregs of rice of per kilogram can be 1,1.1,1.2,1.3,1.4,1.5 liter; Methanol concentration can be 80～98%; Extraction time can be 30～60 minutes.
The present invention will carry oil and dephenolize proceed step by step, with other technology that grease and gossypol are extracted simultaneously essential difference be arranged.The mixed extractant solvent method of domestic research is to utilize polar solvent and non-polar solvent to dissolve each other and form the azeotropic characteristics to come oil and grease extracting and gossypol simultaneously, but the reclaimer operation of solvent and solvent system are difficult to guarantee stable, bring in the actual production difficult problems such as solvent consumption is big, production cost height.The additionally mixed solvent does not reach the extraction efficiency of single solvent yet, and polar solvent the requirement to equipment has also improved to the atomizing of cottonseed, the separated from solvent difficulty, gossypol is easy to enter grease, and greasy refining is proposed higher requirement.
The present invention utilizes 6
#The collection phenol ability of carrying oiliness energy and methyl alcohol of solvent oil extracts Oleum Gossypii semen and gossypol respectively.In order to guarantee 6
#The extraction gossypol ability of carrying oily efficient and methyl alcohol of solvent oil with oil and grease extracting and extraction gossypol proceed step by step, has given full play to 6
#The extraction gossypol ability of carrying oily efficient and methyl alcohol of solvent oil.Also do not influence simultaneously original production technique, promptly add a cover solvent extraction dephenolize equipment after leaching oil, the purpose in this step is that gossypol is extracted, and guarantees the gossypol content in the product, free gossypol≤0.04% in the cottonseed protein after dephenolize is handled.Pre existing press for extracting juice-leaching factory is transformed, only needing to add behind oil and grease extracting-overlap extraction gossypol apparatus and process can finish, do not influence original production technique, be easy to the transformation of existing factory, said extraction gossypol equipment can adopt disclosed in ZL 94 2 45540.1 patents " liquid-solid extraction device ".Because methyl alcohol isopolarity solvent has very strong atomizing to cotton benevolence in collection phenol process, be difficult to finish in existing leacher, adopts above-mentioned " liquid-solid extraction device " to address this problem.
4. mechanical presses precipitation
The methanol content of the wet dregs of rice behind the mechanical presses precipitation after draining is reduced to 30～40% from 60～80%, dry then, bake out temperature is less than 80 ℃, for example Controllable Temperature is built in 60～80 ℃, wherein 70～80 ℃ preferable (drying by the fire the solvent that) through the partitioning cycle use of condenser cooling back, can obtain protein content greater than 50%, Residual oil less than 2%, free gossypol content less than 0.04%, residual molten less than 0.05% cottonseed protein.In order to shorten drying time, reduce the methyl alcohol steam output, to reduce energy consumption, guarantee the quality of product, can adopt mechanical presses equipment such as oil press zhai, whizzer, make the methanol content in the cottonseed protein be reduced to 30～40%, energy consumption descends significantly, guarantee the color and luster of product, avoided proteinic sex change in the product.。
5. dry
Methanol solution behind the extraction gossypol is evaporated recyclable methyl alcohol, adopt separation method, will promptly obtain the crude product oligose after the water liquid drying lipid-soluble substance and water-insoluble solid Impurity removal.
Original drying plant is that the 6# solvent oil that contains in to product under the condition of high temperature (greater than 100 ℃), open steam is dried, and the solvent that needs after the dephenolize to dry by the fire is a methyl alcohol, adding open steam again dries, not only cause product color blackening, protein denaturation, and the product residue methanol content is higher, does not reach the quality product requirement.The present invention has selected the drying process equipment of low temperature (less than 80 ℃) indirect heating mode for use, not only can guarantee proteinic nutritive value, and makes product keep faint yellow, simultaneously solvent residual amount≤500ppm in the product.
6. waste water treatment
Methyl alcohol is reclaimed in methanol solution evaporation behind the extraction gossypol, and recirculation is used after the refrigerated separation, and raffinate mainly is water, gossypol, pigment, oligose etc., carries out solid-liquid separation, and waste residue is admixed and burned in the coal, and water liquid can get the oligose crude product after concentrating.
Claims (1)
1. the treatment process of a cottonseed is characterized in that it is made up of following steps:
1. cottonseed obtains cotton Renhe boll hull after the unit of peeling off is peeled off and carried out the separation of shell benevolence, and cotton benevolence is carried out pre-treatment under the following conditions: 60～80 ℃ softening, presses embryo, 60～80 ℃ of oven dry; Wherein: pressing the flake thickness degree is 0.3～0.5mm, and moisture contains benevolence less than 1% 5～9% in the shell, contain shell in the benevolence less than 15%, and the fines content of cottonseed benevolence is less than 8%,
2. the cotton benevolence after the oven dry directly enters leacher, adopts 6
#Solvent oil once leaches grease, 50～55 ℃ of service temperatures, solvent ratio is 1.1～1.8: 1, extraction time is 100～180 minutes, mixing oil obtains crude oil through a steaming, two steamings, stripping after removing solvent, crude oil obtains edible oil through refining, and the solvent that steams branch water cycle after the condenser cooling is used
3. contain wet cake and enter the dephenolize extractor, adopt the methanol extraction gossypol, 40～55 ℃ of extraction temperature, solvent ratio are 1～1.5: 1, and methanol concentration 80～98%, extraction time are 30～60 minutes,
4. the wet dregs of rice after draining are behind the mechanical presses precipitation, make methanol content be reduced to 30～40%, dry then, bake out temperature is less than 80 ℃, can obtain protein content greater than 50%, Residual oil less than 2%, free gossypol content less than 0.04%, residual molten less than 0.05% cottonseed protein
5. will extract the methanol solution evaporation behind the gossypol, and adopt separation method, will promptly obtain the crude product oligose after the water liquid drying lipid-soluble substance and water-insoluble solid Impurity removal.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN00134520A CN1100134C (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2000-12-11 | Process for treating cotton seeds |
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| CN00134520A CN1100134C (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2000-12-11 | Process for treating cotton seeds |
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| CN1306078A CN1306078A (en) | 2001-08-01 |
| CN1100134C true CN1100134C (en) | 2003-01-29 |
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| CN00134520A Expired - Fee Related CN1100134C (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2000-12-11 | Process for treating cotton seeds |
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| CN101028999B (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2012-07-04 | 北京中棉紫光生物科技有限公司 | Method for extracting cottonseed protein and recovering methanol |
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| CN110833115A (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2020-02-25 | 南京胜昔实业有限公司 | Comprehensive utilization method of cotton production by-products by using biochemical fulvic acid as main product |
| CN111966059B (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2023-02-03 | 江苏大学 | Modeling optimization method for improving value of byproducts of defatted soybeans in industrial production |
| CN112205522A (en) * | 2020-10-25 | 2021-01-12 | 库尔勒泰昆饲料有限责任公司 | Dephenolized cottonseed protein feed for broiler breeders and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111018944A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-17 | 晨光生物科技集团股份有限公司 | Method for producing dephenolized cottonseed protein |
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