CN106107847B - Peanut kernel whole particle degreasing process - Google Patents
Peanut kernel whole particle degreasing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN106107847B CN106107847B CN201610496501.2A CN201610496501A CN106107847B CN 106107847 B CN106107847 B CN 106107847B CN 201610496501 A CN201610496501 A CN 201610496501A CN 106107847 B CN106107847 B CN 106107847B
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- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 268
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 268
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 258
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 258
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 258
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 83
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 83
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N Linoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-HZJYTTRNSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N linoleic acid Natural products CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-IXWMQOLASA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000020778 linoleic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 abstract description 19
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000036425 denaturation Effects 0.000 abstract description 14
- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 22
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002137 ultrasound extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N (9Z,12Z)-9,10,12,13-tetratritiooctadeca-9,12-dienoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCC\C(=C(/C\C(=C(/CCCCC)\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])\[3H])(=O)O OYHQOLUKZRVURQ-NTGFUMLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Seeds, Soups, And Other Foods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of plant seed degreasing, and discloses a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the steps of drying peanut kernels; extracting oil in the peanut kernels by using an extracting agent at least twice; and removing the leaching agent in the peanut kernels by adopting a drying, steaming and desolventizing and/or vacuum desolventizing process. The whole-grain degreasing by adopting the process has high oil yield, the protein denaturation rate of the degreased peanut is low, and the whole kernel rate of the peanut can reach more than 98%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seed degreasing, in particular to a whole peanut kernel degreasing process.
Background
The peanut is rich in high protein and is an excellent nutrient resource. For a long time, peanuts are used as main oil crops, high-temperature technology is generally adopted at home and abroad for oil extraction, although the oil is completely degreased, the shape and the nutritional ingredients of peanut cakes generated in oil production are seriously damaged through a high-temperature processing process, the possibility of reprocessing foods is lost, the peanuts can only be used as feeds and fertilizers, the waste of valuable peanut protein and other nutrient resources is caused, and the economic value and the processing benefit of the peanuts are greatly reduced.
The technology for extracting oil and keeping kernels from whole peanuts successfully solves the problem that the shape, taste and natural nutrients of the peanuts are not damaged, and the oil can be extracted. However, the technical problem at present is that although whole peanuts can be obtained, the oil yield can only reach 45-60% generally, and some peanuts are even lower, so that the benefit maximization cannot be obtained.
The peanut kernels are used as reprocessed food, food manufacturers have higher and higher requirements on the appearance and the whole grain size of the food, and meanwhile, in order to ensure that the reprocessed product is healthier, the oil content in the peanut kernels is reduced as much as possible, and nutrient resources such as peanut protein and the like are fully utilized.
In the prior art, chinese patent document CN101993775A discloses a method for preparing oil by whole peanut kernels, which uses peanut kernels adsorbed with an ethanol solution as a raw material, adopts ultrasonic-assisted ethanol to extract oil, and ensures the edible safety of the oil extracted by ethanol, but the oil yield of the method is only about 15%, and the whole kernel rate of defatted peanuts is also about 70%. In addition, the Chinese journal literature, new technology for extracting oil from whole peanut kernels (Zhongfeng, Wangjiangbing, 1997, science and technology information of small and medium-sized enterprises), discloses a method for extracting most of oil (oil yield not less than 22-25%) from peanut kernels by hydraulic pressing, and the method has the advantages of high degreasing rate but low whole kernel rate, 49% of whole kernel rate, 39% of half kernel rate and about 12% of kernel breaking rate. According to the improved whole peanut degreasing technology, peanut meal and the like are used for filling raw materials during pressing so as to improve the whole kernel rate, but the peanut meal and flat kernels and the meal are adhered after pressing, the meal and the meal tend to be homogenized, so that the meal and the kernel are difficult to separate, and the technology is difficult to apply in a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to solve the problems that the whole peanut kernel is not completely degreased, the protein of the degreased peanut is denatured, and the whole peanut kernel rate is low in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying the peanut kernels;
extracting the oil in the peanut kernels for at least two times by using an extracting agent;
and removing the leaching agent in the peanut kernels by adopting a drying, steaming and desolventizing and/or vacuum desolventizing process.
Optionally, the step of drying the peanut kernels comprises:
drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 70-80 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to be not higher than 6.5%.
Optionally, the step of extracting the oil from the peanut kernels with a leaching agent comprises:
soaking the dried peanut kernels in a leaching agent for 30-60 min, wherein the mass ratio of the leaching agent to the peanut kernels is 1-1.5: 1;
and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the leaching agent at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 3.5-4.5 h.
Optionally, the frequency of the ultrasonic wave is 40-45 KHZ, and the power is 60-100 w; and intermittently stirring the peanut kernels every 5-10 min.
Optionally, in the step of removing the leaching agent:
drying, steaming and desolventizing, namely feeding the peanut kernels into a drying and steaming machine, wherein the material temperature is 75-80 ℃, and the drying and steaming time is 1-1.5 h;
and (3) vacuum desolventizing, which comprises front-stage vacuum desolventizing and rear-stage vacuum desolventizing, wherein the desolventizing temperature of the front-stage vacuum desolventizing is 70-80 ℃, the desolventizing time is 30-40 min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-stage vacuum desolventizing is 90-105 ℃, and the desolventizing time is 30-60 min.
Optionally, the step of removing the leaching agent further comprises: uniformly spraying the surface of the peanut kernel by using mixed spray, wherein the mixed spray is an ethanol solution containing 0.3-0.7 wt% of ethyl acetate and 1.2-2.0 wt% of linoleic acid.
Optionally, the leaching agent is an alkane vegetable oil extraction solvent, such as n-hexane, hexane solvent oil or petroleum ether.
Optionally, in the step of drying, steaming and desolventizing, the thickness of the peanut kernel layer is controlled to be 2-3 layers.
Optionally, the method further comprises the step of recovering the leaching agent and the grease:
settling, filtering and removing a solvent from the mixed oil obtained by leaching at each time to obtain the grease;
and collecting the removed solvent to realize the recovery of the leaching agent.
Optionally, the spraying step further comprises: and (3) performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels, wherein the residual quantity of the solvent is below 15mg/kg, and the qualified peanut kernels are cooled to below 40 ℃ for storage.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the whole peanut kernel degreasing process comprises the steps of drying peanut kernels; leaching the oil in the peanut kernels with a leaching agent at least once; the leaching agent is removed by drying, desolventizing and vacuum desolventizing. Firstly, drying the peanut kernels to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels, wherein on one hand, the low water content is beneficial to leaching of grease in the peanut kernels and improving the oil yield, and on the other hand, the low water content can reduce the denaturation rate of peanut protein in the subsequent desolventizing step; in order to extract the oil in the peanut kernel from the peanut kernel as completely as possible, the extraction is carried out at least once. The applicant finds that the extraction is generally carried out for 2-3 times through research, and the whole kernel rate of the peanut kernels is influenced by excessive extraction times; by combining the steps of drying, steaming, desolventizing and/or vacuum desolventizing, the denaturation rate of peanut protein can be effectively reduced, and the whole kernel rate of peanuts can be improved to a certain extent, and data statistics show that by adopting the whole kernel degreasing process for the peanut kernels, the whole kernel rate of the peanut kernels can be improved by 20-30%.
2. According to the whole-grain degreasing process for the peanut kernels, the dried peanut kernels are placed in the extracting agent to be soaked, then the peanut kernels soaked in the extracting agent are subjected to ultrasonic treatment, after 3 times of continuous leaching, the residual oil rate of oil in the peanut kernels is 4-8%, the peanut kernels with low residual oil rate provide a good foundation for downstream food production, oil recovery or oil recovery can be selected according to production requirements, and the peanut kernels with different oil contents can be obtained through oil recovery.
3. According to the whole peanut kernel degreasing process disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, the leached peanut kernels are firstly subjected to drying and steaming desolventizing at the temperature of 75-80 ℃ for 1-1.5 h, so that most of the leaching agent remained in the peanuts is removed, and meanwhile, the selection of the temperature and the time range can ensure that the peanut protein serving as a nutrient element is not denatured, and also provides a basis for the subsequent vacuum desolventizing, namely further removing the residual leaching agent in the peanut kernels and improving the whole peanut kernel rate; and (2) vacuum desolventizing, which comprises front-section vacuum desolventizing and rear-section vacuum desolventizing, wherein the desolventizing temperature of the front-section vacuum desolventizing is 70-80 ℃, the desolventizing time is 30-40 min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-section vacuum desolventizing is 90-105 ℃, the desolventizing time is 30-60 min, the desolventizing temperature of the front-section vacuum desolventizing and the desolventizing temperature of the drying desolventizing are basically kept consistent, and the desolventizing temperature is equivalent to a transitional desolventizing stage of the peanut kernels, so that the instant rising of the desolventizing temperature in a vacuum environment is avoided, the internal tissue structure of the peanut kernels is broken, a large amount of broken kernels are generated, in addition, after the drying, steaming, desolventizing and front-section.
4. The whole peanut kernel degreasing process provided by the embodiment of the invention further comprises the step of uniformly spraying mixed spray on the surface of the peanut kernels after the leaching agent is removed, wherein the mixed spray is an ethanol solution containing 0.3-0.7 wt% of ethyl acetate and 1.2-2.0 wt% of linoleic acid, and a large number of tests show that the whole peanut kernel rate can be greatly improved by matching ethyl acetate with a certain concentration and linoleic acid with a certain concentration, and the peanut kernels are almost not damaged.
Detailed Description
This invention may be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete and will fully convey the concept of the invention to those skilled in the art, and the present invention will only be defined by the appended claims.
In the following examples, the residual oil ratio is expressed as: the ratio of the mass of the residual oil in the peanut kernels after extraction and desolventizing to the mass of the peanut kernels.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 70 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil in the peanut kernels through n-hexane, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in the n-hexane for 30min, wherein the mass ratio of an extracting agent to the peanut kernels is 1: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the n-hexane, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40KHZ, and the power is 60 w; the temperature is set to be 30 ℃, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 3.5 h;
preferably, the peanut kernels are intermittently stirred every 5min, so that the peanut kernels are uniformly extracted;
weighing the above steps, and leaching for 2 times.
S3, removing residual n-hexane in the peanut kernels after the step S2, firstly feeding the peanut kernels into a baking and steaming machine, wherein the material temperature is 75-77 ℃, the baking and steaming time is 1h, and the thickness of a peanut kernel material layer is controlled to be 2-3 layers.
S4, performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels obtained in the step S3, and cooling the qualified peanut kernels to below 40 ℃ for storage.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 7.2%, the protein denaturation rate of 8.3% and the whole kernel rate of 93.4%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 75 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil in the peanut kernels through n-hexane, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in the n-hexane for 40min, wherein the mass ratio of an extracting agent to the peanut kernels is 1.5: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the n-hexane, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 43KHZ, and the power is 100 w; the temperature is set to be 40 ℃, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 3.8 h;
preferably, the peanut kernels are intermittently stirred every 10min, so that the peanut kernels are uniformly extracted;
the steps are weighed, and leaching is carried out for 2 times;
s3, removing the residues in the peanut kernels after the step S2, and adopting vacuum desolventizing at 2KPa, wherein the vacuum desolventizing comprises front-section vacuum desolventizing and rear-section vacuum desolventizing, specifically, the desolventizing temperature of the front-section vacuum desolventizing is 75 ℃, the desolventizing time is 32min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-section vacuum desolventizing is 90 ℃, and the desolventizing time is 50 min.
S4, performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels obtained in the step S3, and cooling the qualified peanut kernels to below 40 ℃ for storage.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 5.5%, the protein denaturation rate of 8.1% and the whole kernel rate of 95.9%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 80 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil in the peanut kernels by using No. six solvent naphtha, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in No. six solvent naphtha for 50min, wherein the mass ratio of the No. six solvent naphtha to the peanut kernels is 1.3: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the No. six solvent oil, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45KHZ, and the power is 80 w; setting the temperature to be 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic treatment time to be 4 h;
preferably, the peanut kernels are intermittently stirred every 8min, so that the peanut kernels are uniformly extracted;
repeating the step of S2, and leaching for 3 times;
s3, settling, filtering and removing the solvent from the mixed oil obtained by leaching at each time to obtain oil, wherein the oil is the secondary standard of edible oil; and collecting the removed No. six solvent oil to realize the recovery of the No. six solvent oil.
S4, removing residual No. six solvent oil in the peanut kernels after the step S2, including drying, steaming, desolventizing and vacuum desolventizing; firstly, feeding peanut kernels into a baking and steaming machine, wherein the material temperature is 78-80 ℃, the baking and steaming time is 1.4h, and the thickness of a peanut kernel material layer is controlled to be 2-3 layers; and (3) vacuum desolventizing, wherein the vacuum desolventizing is carried out at 2KPa, and comprises front-section vacuum desolventizing and rear-section vacuum desolventizing, specifically, the desolventizing temperature of the front-section vacuum desolventizing is 78 ℃, the desolventizing time is 35min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-section vacuum desolventizing is 105 ℃, and the desolventizing time is 60 min.
S5, performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels obtained in the step S4, and cooling the qualified peanut kernels to below 40 ℃ for storage.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 4.1 percent, the protein denaturation rate of 7.7 percent and the whole kernel rate of 98.6 percent.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 75 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil in the peanut kernels by using No. six solvent naphtha, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in No. six solvent naphtha for 50min, wherein the mass ratio of the No. six solvent naphtha to the peanut kernels is 1.3: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the No. six solvent oil, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45KHZ, and the power is 80 w; setting the temperature to be 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic treatment time to be 4 h;
preferably, the peanut kernels are intermittently stirred every 8min, so that the peanut kernels are uniformly extracted;
repeating the step of S2, and leaching for 3 times;
s3, settling, filtering and removing the solvent from the mixed oil obtained by leaching at each time to obtain oil, wherein the oil is the secondary standard of edible oil; and collecting the removed No. six solvent oil to realize the recovery of the No. six solvent oil.
S4, removing residual No. six solvent oil in the peanut kernels after the step S2, including drying, steaming, desolventizing and vacuum desolventizing; firstly, feeding peanut kernels into a baking and steaming machine, wherein the material temperature is 78-80 ℃, the baking and steaming time is 1.4h, and the thickness of a peanut kernel material layer is controlled to be 2-3 layers; and (3) vacuum desolventizing, wherein the vacuum desolventizing is carried out at 2KPa, and comprises front-section vacuum desolventizing and rear-section vacuum desolventizing, specifically, the desolventizing temperature of the front-section vacuum desolventizing is 78 ℃, the desolventizing time is 35min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-section vacuum desolventizing is 105 ℃, and the desolventizing time is 60 min.
S5, uniformly spraying the surface of the peanut kernel by using mixed spray, wherein the mixed spray is an ethanol solution containing 0.3 wt% of ethyl acetate and 2.0 wt% of linoleic acid.
S6, performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels obtained in the step S5, and cooling the qualified peanut kernels to below 40 ℃ for storage.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 4.1 percent, the protein denaturation rate of 6.7 percent and the whole kernel rate of 98.2 percent.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 80 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil from the peanut kernels through n-hexane, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in the n-hexane for 60min, wherein the mass ratio of the n-hexane to the peanut kernels is 1.5: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the n-hexane, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40KHZ, and the power is 90 w; setting the temperature at 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic treatment time at 4.5 h;
preferably, the peanut kernels are intermittently stirred every 10min, so that the peanut kernels are uniformly extracted;
repeating the step of S2, and leaching for 3 times;
s3, settling, filtering and removing the solvent from the mixed oil obtained by leaching at each time to obtain oil, wherein the oil is the secondary standard of edible oil; and collecting the removed n-hexane to realize the recovery of the n-hexane.
S4, removing residual n-hexane in the peanut kernels obtained in the step S2, wherein the removing comprises drying, steaming, desolventizing and vacuum desolventizing; firstly, feeding peanut kernels into a baking and steaming machine, wherein the material temperature is 78-80 ℃, and the baking and steaming time is 1.5 h; and (3) vacuum desolventizing, wherein the vacuum desolventizing is carried out at 2KPa, and the vacuum desolventizing comprises a front-section vacuum desolventizing step and a rear-section vacuum desolventizing step, specifically, the desolventizing temperature of the front-section vacuum desolventizing step is 80 ℃, the desolventizing time is 40min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-section vacuum desolventizing step is 98 ℃, and the.
S5, uniformly spraying the surface of the peanut kernel by using mixed spray, wherein the mixed spray is an ethanol solution containing 0.7 wt% of ethyl acetate and 1.2 wt% of linoleic acid.
S6, performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels obtained in the step S5, and cooling the qualified peanut kernels to below 40 ℃ for storage.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 4.9 percent, the protein denaturation rate of 8.1 percent and the whole kernel rate of 99.0 percent.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 70 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil in the peanut kernels by using petroleum ether, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in the petroleum ether for 40min, wherein the mass ratio of the petroleum ether to the peanut kernels is 1.1: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the petroleum ether, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45KHZ, and the power is 100 w; setting the temperature at 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic treatment time at 3.5 h;
preferably, the peanut kernels are intermittently stirred every 9min, so that the peanut kernels are uniformly extracted;
repeating the step of S2, and leaching for 3 times;
s3, settling, filtering and removing the solvent from the mixed oil obtained by leaching at each time to obtain oil, wherein the oil is the secondary standard of edible oil; and collecting the removed petroleum ether to realize the recovery of the petroleum ether.
S4, removing residual petroleum ether in the peanut kernels obtained in the step S2, wherein the removing comprises drying, steaming, desolventizing and vacuum desolventizing; firstly, feeding peanut kernels into a baking and steaming machine, wherein the material temperature is 75-76 ℃, and the baking and steaming time is 1.3 h; and (3) vacuum desolventizing, wherein the vacuum desolventizing is carried out at 2KPa, and comprises front-section vacuum desolventizing and rear-section vacuum desolventizing, specifically, the desolventizing temperature of the front-section vacuum desolventizing is 76 ℃, the desolventizing time is 40min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-section vacuum desolventizing is 90 ℃, and the desolventizing time is 35 min.
S5, uniformly spraying the surface of the peanut kernel by using mixed spray, wherein the mixed spray is an ethanol solution containing 0.5 wt% of ethyl acetate and 1.5 wt% of linoleic acid.
S6, performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels obtained in the step S5, and cooling the qualified peanut kernels to below 40 ℃ for storage.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 4.9 percent, the protein denaturation rate of 7.6 percent and the whole kernel rate of 98.6 percent.
Example 7
The embodiment provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 70 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil in the peanut kernels by using petroleum ether, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in the petroleum ether for 40min, wherein the mass ratio of the petroleum ether to the peanut kernels is 1.1: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the petroleum ether, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45KHZ, and the power is 100 w; setting the temperature at 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic treatment time at 3.5 h;
preferably, the peanut kernels are intermittently stirred every 9min, so that the peanut kernels are uniformly extracted;
repeating the step of S2, and leaching for 3 times;
s3, settling, filtering and removing the solvent from the mixed oil obtained by leaching at each time to obtain oil, wherein the oil is the secondary standard of edible oil; and collecting the removed petroleum ether to realize the recovery of the petroleum ether.
S4, removing residual petroleum ether in the peanut kernels obtained in the step S2, wherein the removing comprises drying, steaming, desolventizing and vacuum desolventizing; firstly, feeding peanut kernels into a baking and steaming machine, wherein the material temperature is 75-76 ℃, and the baking and steaming time is 1.3 h; and (3) vacuum desolventizing, wherein the vacuum desolventizing is carried out at 2KPa, and comprises front-section vacuum desolventizing and rear-section vacuum desolventizing, specifically, the desolventizing temperature of the front-section vacuum desolventizing is 76 ℃, the desolventizing time is 40min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-section vacuum desolventizing is 90 ℃, and the desolventizing time is 35 min.
S5, uniformly spraying the surface of the peanut kernel by using mixed spray, wherein the mixed spray is ethanol solution containing 0.6 wt% of ethyl acetate and 1.7 wt% of linoleic acid.
S6, performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels obtained in the step S5, and cooling the qualified peanut kernels to below 40 ℃ for storage.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 4.9 percent, the protein denaturation rate of 8.7 percent and the whole kernel rate of 98.6 percent.
Example 8
The embodiment provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 70 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil in the peanut kernels by using petroleum ether, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in the petroleum ether for 40min, wherein the mass ratio of the petroleum ether to the peanut kernels is 1.1: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the petroleum ether, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45KHZ, and the power is 100 w; setting the temperature at 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic treatment time at 3.5 h;
preferably, the peanut kernels are intermittently stirred every 9min, so that the peanut kernels are uniformly extracted;
repeating the step of S2, and leaching for 3 times;
s3, settling, filtering and removing the solvent from the mixed oil obtained by leaching at each time to obtain oil, wherein the oil is the secondary standard of edible oil; and collecting the removed petroleum ether to realize the recovery of the petroleum ether.
S4, removing residual petroleum ether in the peanut kernels obtained in the step S2, wherein the removing comprises drying, steaming, desolventizing and vacuum desolventizing; firstly, feeding peanut kernels into a baking and steaming machine, wherein the material temperature is 75-76 ℃, and the baking and steaming time is 1.3 h; and (3) vacuum desolventizing, wherein the vacuum desolventizing is carried out at 2KPa, and comprises front-section vacuum desolventizing and rear-section vacuum desolventizing, specifically, the desolventizing temperature of the front-section vacuum desolventizing is 76 ℃, the desolventizing time is 40min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-section vacuum desolventizing is 90 ℃, and the desolventizing time is 35 min.
S5, uniformly spraying the surface of the peanut kernel by using mixed spray, wherein the mixed spray is an ethanol solution containing 0.3 wt% of ethyl acetate and 1.8 wt% of linoleic acid.
S6, performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels obtained in the step S5, and cooling the qualified peanut kernels to below 40 ℃ for storage.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 4.4 percent, the protein denaturation rate of 5.7 percent and the whole kernel rate of 99.3 percent.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 70 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil from the peanut kernels by using alcohol, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in the alcohol for 30min, wherein the mass ratio of the alcohol to the peanut kernels is 1: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the alcohol, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45KHZ, and the power is 100 w; setting the temperature at 50 ℃ and the ultrasonic treatment time at 3.5 h;
repeating the step of S2, and leaching for 2 times;
s3, placing the extract liquid and the peanut kernels after ultrasonic extraction in a centrifuge, and controlling the rotating speed at 500r/min
r/min, centrifuging for 5min to realize the separation of the peanut kernels from the extract liquor.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 87.4 percent, the protein denaturation rate of 15.7 percent and the whole kernel rate of 45.6 percent.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 80 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil from the peanut kernels by using alcohol, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in the alcohol for 35min, wherein the mass ratio of the alcohol to the peanut kernels is 1.5: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the alcohol, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 50KHZ, and the power is 90 w; the temperature is set to be 45 ℃, and the ultrasonic treatment time is 4 hours;
repeating the step of S2, and leaching for 3 times;
s3, placing the extract liquid and the peanut kernels after ultrasonic extraction in a centrifuge, and controlling the rotating speed at 800r/min
r/min, centrifuging for 7min to realize the separation of the peanut kernels from the extract liquor.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 89.0 percent, the protein denaturation rate of 18.7 percent and the whole kernel rate of 45.6 percent.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example provides a whole peanut kernel degreasing process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, drying the peanut kernels, specifically drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 75 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to below 6.5%;
s2, extracting oil from the peanut kernels by using alcohol, specifically, soaking the dried peanut kernels in the alcohol for 40min, wherein the mass ratio of the alcohol to the peanut kernels is 1.3: 1;
carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the alcohol, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45KHZ, and the power is 60 w; setting the temperature to 55 ℃, and setting the ultrasonic treatment time to 3 h;
repeating the step of S2, and leaching for 3 times;
s3, placing the extraction liquid and the peanut kernels after ultrasonic extraction in a centrifuge, controlling the rotation speed at 800r/min, and centrifuging for 6min to realize separation of the peanut kernels and the extraction liquid.
The peanut kernel material obtained by the process has the residual oil rate of 44.9 percent, the protein denaturation rate of 16.9 percent and the whole kernel rate of 45.6 percent.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A whole peanut kernel degreasing process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying the peanut kernels;
extracting oil in the peanut kernels by using an extracting agent at least twice;
removing the leaching agent in the peanut kernels by adopting a drying, steaming and desolventizing and vacuum desolventizing process;
in the leaching agent removing step:
drying, steaming and desolventizing, namely feeding the peanut kernels into a drying and steaming machine, wherein the material temperature is 75-80 ℃, and the drying and steaming time is 1-1.5 h;
vacuum desolventizing, including front-stage vacuum desolventizing and rear-stage vacuum desolventizing, wherein the desolventizing temperature of the front-stage vacuum desolventizing is 70-80 ℃, the desolventizing time is 30-40 min, the desolventizing temperature of the rear-stage vacuum desolventizing is 90-105 ℃, and the desolventizing time is 30-60 min;
the step of removing the leaching agent further comprises the following steps: uniformly spraying the surface of the peanut kernel by using mixed spray, wherein the mixed spray is an ethanol solution containing 0.3-0.7 wt% of ethyl acetate and 1.2-2.0 wt% of linoleic acid.
2. A process for whole peanut kernel degreasing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step of drying the peanut kernels comprises:
drying the peeled peanut kernels in a hot air environment at 70-80 ℃ to reduce the water content of the peanut kernels to be not higher than 6.5%.
3. A process for whole peanut kernel degreasing as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step of extracting the oil from the peanut kernel by an extraction agent comprises:
soaking the dried peanut kernels in a leaching agent for 30-60 min, wherein the mass ratio of the leaching agent to the peanut kernels is 1-1.5: 1;
and (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the peanut kernels soaked in the leaching agent at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ for 3.5-4.5 h.
4. The whole peanut kernel degreasing process according to claim 3, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 40 kHz-45 kHz, and the power is 60W-100W; and intermittently stirring the peanut kernels every 5-10 min.
5. A process for whole peanut kernel degreasing according to any one of claims 1-4, wherein the leaching agent is a solvent for extracting alkane vegetable oil.
6. A process for whole peanut kernel degreasing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step of drying, steaming and desolventizing, the thickness of the peanut kernel layer is controlled to be 2-3 layers.
7. A process for whole peanut kernel degreasing as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising the step of recovering leaching agent and oil:
settling, filtering and removing a solvent from the mixed oil obtained by leaching at each time to obtain the grease;
and collecting the removed solvent to realize the recovery of the leaching agent.
8. A process for whole peanut kernel degreasing as claimed in claim 5, wherein said spraying step is further followed by: and (3) performing sampling inspection on the peanut kernels, and cooling the qualified peanut kernels to below 40 ℃ for storage.
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| CN112641033A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-04-13 | 东莞市傻二哥食品有限公司 | Peanut leaching and degreasing equipment and process |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1185905A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-01 | 方石明 | New process for extracting oil by expansion |
| CN101993775A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-03-30 | 江西省农业科学院 | Method for preparing oil by whole peanut kernels |
| CN105212085A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-06 | 王志凤 | A kind of nutritive ham and manufacture craft thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1185905A (en) * | 1996-12-27 | 1998-07-01 | 方石明 | New process for extracting oil by expansion |
| CN101993775A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-03-30 | 江西省农业科学院 | Method for preparing oil by whole peanut kernels |
| CN105212085A (en) * | 2014-06-20 | 2016-01-06 | 王志凤 | A kind of nutritive ham and manufacture craft thereof |
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