CN110011058B - Super surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity - Google Patents
Super surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN110011058B CN110011058B CN201910266615.1A CN201910266615A CN110011058B CN 110011058 B CN110011058 B CN 110011058B CN 201910266615 A CN201910266615 A CN 201910266615A CN 110011058 B CN110011058 B CN 110011058B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
- H01Q3/46—Active lenses or reflecting arrays
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity, which is an array phase plate formed by arranging more than two phase-shifting units; the phase shift unit comprises a dielectric layer, and a metal patch in a square ring shape is arranged on the surface of the dielectric layer; a metal grounding layer is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric layer; the array phase plate is divided into a first quadrant, a second quadrant, a third quadrant, a fourth quadrant, a fifth quadrant, a sixth quadrant, a seventh quadrant and an eighth quadrant according to the clockwise direction, the surface areas of the metal patches in the quadrants are the same, and the surface areas of the metal patches on the phase shifting unit in the first quadrant to the eighth quadrant are sequentially reduced. The invention has excellent incident wave reflection vortex effect, the reflection efficiency can reach more than 70 percent, and the invention has good energy transmission efficiency; in addition, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high utilization rate of unit area of the phase-shifting unit, simple manufacturing process and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity, and belongs to the field of communication.
Background
The angular momentum of the electromagnetic wave includes spin angular momentum and orbital angular momentum. Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) as an important physical quantity in physics has been confirmed by Allen et al in 1992 to rapidly advance new developments in many disciplines such as nonlinear optics, quantum optics, atomic optics and astronomy. Unlike spin angular momentum, orbital angular momentum is linked to the helical phase wavefront, which can theoretically take infinite values and be orthogonal to each other. The electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum is different from a common plane wave, the central intensity of the wave beam is zero, and the phase wavefront has the spiral characteristic and is also called as vortex electromagnetic wave. The vortex electromagnetic wave expresses the rotation degree of the phase wavefront by the mode number m, theoretically, the mode number m of the vortex electromagnetic wave is infinite, different modes have orthogonality, and the frequency spectrum utilization rate and the communication capacity of a communication system can be greatly improved by utilizing the characteristic of the vortex electromagnetic wave. At present, the method for generating vortex beams by using an antenna array design is feasible, and the array antenna is a type of array antenna for performing beam scanning by regulating and controlling the radiation intensity and phase delay of each array unit and has the advantages of long detection distance, high regulation speed and the like. Chinese patent application publication No. CN107706518A discloses a spiral vortex electromagnetic wave antenna array, comprising: the antenna array with the spiral structure and the antenna array feed network. The method is characterized in that: the antenna array with the spiral structure adopts a dielectric integrated waveguide antenna with the spiral structure as an antenna unit, and forms vortex electromagnetic waves by phase difference of the unit. The antenna feed network module adopts three one-to-two power divisions to carry out equal-amplitude in-phase feed on the antenna array with the spiral structure. The technical scheme can realize phase difference among units through the unit structure of the spiral structure so as to form vortex electromagnetic waves, but the technical scheme needs to accurately arrange the unit structure into a spiral shape, so that the production and the manufacture of the unit structure are troublesome; and the electromagnetic wave beam has a large diffusion effect, and the diffusion effect causes the reduction of the antenna beam gain, reduces the vortex effect of the electromagnetic wave and is extremely unfavorable for wireless communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity. The invention has excellent incident wave reflection vortex effect, the reflection efficiency can reach more than 70 percent, and the invention has good energy transmission efficiency; in addition, the invention has the advantages of simple structure, high utilization rate of unit area of the phase-shifting unit, simple manufacturing process and low cost.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a super surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity is disclosed, which comprises an array phase plate formed by arranging more than two phase-shifting units; the phase shift unit comprises a dielectric layer, wherein a metal patch in a square ring shape is arranged on the surface of the dielectric layer, and the width of each side of the metal patch is equal; a metal grounding layer is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric layer; the array phase plate is divided into a first quadrant, a second quadrant, a third quadrant, a fourth quadrant, a fifth quadrant, a sixth quadrant, a seventh quadrant and an eighth quadrant according to the clockwise direction, the surface areas of the metal patches in the quadrants are the same, and the surface areas of the metal patches on the phase shifting unit in the first quadrant to the eighth quadrant are sequentially reduced.
The super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity is square and consists of 10 multiplied by 10 phase-shifting units.
In the super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity, the number of the phase-shifting units in the first quadrant, the third quadrant, the fifth quadrant and the eighth quadrant is equal; the number of the phase shifting units in the second quadrant, the fourth quadrant, the sixth quadrant and the seventh quadrant is equal.
In the super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity, the number of the phase-shifting units in the first quadrant, the third quadrant, the fifth quadrant and the eighth quadrant is 15; the number of the phase shifting units in the second quadrant, the fourth quadrant, the sixth quadrant and the seventh quadrant is 10.
In the super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity, the widths of the metal patches on the phase shifting units in the first quadrant to the eighth quadrant are 4.95mm, 4.815mm, 4.74mm, 4.69mm, 4.63mm, 4.54mm, 4.32mm and 2.55mm respectively.
In the super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity, the dielectric layer and the metal ground layer of the phase shifting unit are square.
In the super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity, the side length of the dielectric layer is 10mm multiplied by 10 mm.
In the super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity, the thickness of the metal patch and the thickness of the metal ground layer are both t ═ 0.035 mm.
In the super-surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity, the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer is 2.65, and the thickness h of the dielectric layer is 1.60 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the phase-shifting unit is creatively improved in structure, the phase-shifting unit is divided into three parts, namely a square annular metal patch, a dielectric layer and a metal grounding layer, from top to bottom, the width of each side of the metal patch is equal, the array phase plate is formed by arranging more than two phase-shifting units, the array phase plate is clockwise divided into a first quadrant, a second quadrant, a third quadrant, a fourth quadrant, a fifth quadrant, a sixth quadrant, a seventh quadrant and an eighth quadrant, the surface areas of the metal patches in the quadrants are the same, and the surface areas of the metal patches on the phase-shifting units from the first quadrant to the eighth quadrant are gradually reduced, so that the reflection efficiency of the phase-shifting unit can reach more than 70%; the rectangular metal patch can be tightly attached to the dielectric layer, so that the unit area utilization rate of the phase shifting unit is greatly improved, the square annular metal frame is adopted, the dielectric layer is not required to be provided with a metal tube, the problem that incident waves are refracted into the metal tube is further avoided, the vortex effect of the incident waves is improved, and the vortex effect of the incident waves is improved. The invention reduces the manufacturing difficulty of the array antenna, simplifies the processing technology and greatly reduces the production cost. In addition, the applicant also optimizes the shapes and sizes of the parts of the phase shifting unit, and the optimized structure further improves the vortex effect and the reflection efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a phase shift unit;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the phase shift unit;
figure 4 is a quadrant division schematic of an array phase plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of phase change;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an electric field distribution in an x-y plane after electromagnetic waves are incident along a z-axis direction;
fig. 7 is a phase diagram of a spiral profile corresponding to an electric field profile.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following figures and examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example (b): a super surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity is shown in figure 1, and is an array phase plate 2 formed by arranging more than two phase-shifting units 1; as shown in fig. 2-3, the phase shift unit 1 includes a dielectric layer 3, a metal patch 4 in a shape of a square ring is disposed on a surface of the dielectric layer 3, and widths of each side of the metal patch 4 are equal; and a metal grounding layer 5 is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric layer 3.
In order to realize accurate control of the wave front of the reflected wave and scattering of the incident plane wave, the problem is studied by an array antenna, fig. 4 is a designed array antenna, the array antenna is square, 255 phase shift units are spliced to form an array phase plate 2, the array phase plate 2 is divided clockwise (divided by black thick lines) into a first quadrant 6, a second quadrant 7, a third quadrant 8, a fourth quadrant 9, a fifth quadrant 10, a sixth quadrant 11, a seventh quadrant 12 and an eighth quadrant 13, the surface areas of the metal patches 4 in the quadrants are the same, and the surface areas of the metal patches 4 on the phase shift units 1 in the quadrants 6 to 13 are sequentially reduced. The number of the phase-shifting units 1 in the first quadrant 6, the third quadrant 8, the fifth quadrant 10 and the eighth quadrant 13 is 15; the number of the phase shifting units 1 in the second quadrant 7, the fourth quadrant 9, the sixth quadrant 11 and the seventh quadrant 12 is 10. The phase shift units included in the first quadrant 6 comprise 1a, 1b, 2b, 1c, 2c, 3c, 1d, 2d, 3d, 4d, 1e, 2e, 3e, 4e and 5 e; the phase shift units included in the second quadrant 7 are 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 3b, 4b, 5b, 4c, 5c and 5 d; the phase shift units in the third quadrant 8 include 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a, 10a, 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b, 6c, 7c, 8c, 6d, 7d, and 6 e; the phase shift units in the fourth quadrant 9 include 10b, 9c, 10c, 8d, 9d, 10d, 7e, 8e, 9e and 10 e; the phase shift units in the fifth quadrant 10 include 6f, 7f, 8f, 9f, 10f, 7g, 8g, 9g, 10g, 8h, 9h, 10h, 9i, 10i and 10 j; the phase shift units in the sixth quadrant 11 include 6g, 6h, 7h, 6i, 7i, 8i, 6j, 7j, 8j, and 9 j; the phase shift units in the seventh quadrant comprise 5g, 4h, 5h, 3i, 4i, 5i, 2j, 3j, 4j and 5 j; the phase shift units in the eighth quadrant include 1f, 2f, 3f, 4f, 5f, 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g, 1h, 2h, 3h, 1i, 2i and 1 j.
Still further, the array antenna is square, the dielectric layer 3 and the metal ground layer 5 of the phase shift unit 1 are square, and the metal patch 4 is square ring-shaped. The thickness of the metal patch 4 and the thickness of the metal grounding layer 5 are both t ═ 0.035mm, and the metal patch 4 and the metal grounding layer 5 can be made of metal materials such as gold and silver. The dielectric constant of the dielectric layer 3 is 2.65, silicon dioxide can be used, the thickness h of the dielectric layer 3 is 1.60mm, the surface size of the dielectric layer is a square with the size of 10mm × 10mm, the metal grounding layer is also a square with the size of 10mm × 10mm, and four sides of the metal grounding layer are flush with the dielectric layer. As shown in fig. 3, the metal patch 4 is a circular rectangle, and the outer annular wall of the metal patch 4 is flush with the dielectric layer 3; the widths of the metal patches 4 on the phase shifting unit 1 in the first quadrant 6 to the eighth quadrant 13 are from large to small, so that the surface areas of the metal patches are from large to small along with the first quadrant to the eighth quadrant.
Through repeated tests, screening and summary of the applicant, the length variable a of the inner annular wall of the metal patch 4 is respectively 0.1mm, 0.37mm, 0.52mm, 0.64mm, 0.74m, 0.92mm, 1.36mm and 4.9mm from the first quadrant to the eighth quadrant in sequence, and the width of the metal patch is respectively 4.95mm, 4.815mm, 4.74mm, 4.69mm, 4.63mm, 4.54mm, 4.32mm and 2.55 mm. The arrangement can make the reflection phase change cover [0 degree, 360 degree ]]So that the phase of the reflected wave is uniformly changed from 0 to 2 pi. Table 1 is a phase change table showing changes in the amount of the side a of the inner annular wall of the metal patch 4 along the length thereof, and is shown in FIG. 5. it can be seen from Table 1 and FIG. 5 that the phase changes when a changesVariation between adjacent phases
The phase variation is very uniform.
TABLE 1
The applicant also tested the array antenna in the embodiment, fig. 6 is the electric field distribution diagram of a certain position plane (x-y plane) where the plane wave is normally incident to the present invention along the Z-axis direction, and it can be seen from the diagram that the position of the minimum field intensity approximately appears at (0,0) coordinate in the diagram, and the middle energy is minimum, and a doughnut-like vortex center is formed, and the diffusion effect is not obvious when the wave beam is swirled; fig. 7 is a phase diagram of corresponding spiral distribution, which corresponds to a phase diagram with 1-order vortex, and it can be seen from fig. 7 that the present invention has a very superior vortex effect, because the number of modes of vortex electromagnetic waves is infinite theoretically, and different modes have orthogonality, the frequency spectrum utilization rate and communication capacity of a communication system can be greatly improved by using the characteristic of vortex electromagnetic waves, so that the present invention has a greater transmission efficiency in energy transmission, and finally, the gain of antenna beams is improved.
The super-surface device can be applied to the reflection array antenna and other occasions needing the reflection transmission of orbital angular momentum.
Claims (1)
1. A super surface orbital angular momentum array antenna with good reflectivity is characterized in that: the array antenna is an array phase plate (2) formed by arranging more than two phase-shifting units (1); the phase shifting unit (1) comprises a dielectric layer (3), a metal patch (4) in a square ring shape is arranged on the surface of the dielectric layer (3), and the width of each side of the metal patch (4) is equal; a metal grounding layer (5) is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric layer (3); the array phase plate (2) is divided into a first quadrant (6), a second quadrant (7), a third quadrant (8), a fourth quadrant (9), a fifth quadrant (10), a sixth quadrant (11), a seventh quadrant (12) and an eighth quadrant (13) according to the clockwise direction, the surface areas of the metal patches (4) in each quadrant are the same, and the surface areas of the metal patches (4) on the phase shifting unit (1) in the first quadrant (6) to the eighth quadrant (13) are sequentially reduced; the array antenna is square and consists of 10 multiplied by 10 phase-shifting units; the number of the phase-shifting units (1) in the first quadrant (6), the third quadrant (8), the fifth quadrant (10) and the eighth quadrant (13) is equal; the number of the phase-shifting units (1) in the second quadrant (7), the fourth quadrant (9), the sixth quadrant (11) and the seventh quadrant (12) is equal; the number of the phase shifting units (1) in the first quadrant (6), the third quadrant (8), the fifth quadrant (10) and the eighth quadrant (13) is 15; the number of the phase shifting units (1) in the second quadrant (7), the fourth quadrant (9), the sixth quadrant (11) and the seventh quadrant (12) is 10; the widths of the metal patches (4) on the phase-shifting unit (1) in the first quadrant (6) to the eighth quadrant (13) are respectively 4.95mm, 4.815mm, 4.74mm, 4.69mm, 4.63mm, 4.54mm, 4.32mm and 2.55 mm; the dielectric layer (3) and the metal grounding layer (5) of the phase-shifting unit (1) are square; the side length of the dielectric layer (3) is 10mm multiplied by 10 mm; the thickness of the metal patch (4) and the thickness of the metal grounding layer (5) are both t ═ 0.035 mm; the dielectric constant of the dielectric layer (3) is 2.65, and the thickness h of the dielectric layer (3) is 1.60 mm; and the outer annular wall of the metal patch (4) is flush with the dielectric layer (3), and a metal tube does not need to be arranged on the dielectric layer (3), so that the problem that incident waves are refracted into the metal tube is avoided, and the vortex effect of the incident waves is improved.
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| CN111525271B (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2021-09-24 | 电子科技大学 | Structural design of reflection-type polarization conversion orbital angular momentum convergence super surface |
| CN111446552A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-07-24 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Dual-frequency reflection unit |
| CN111799568B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2022-04-22 | 福瑞泰克智能系统有限公司 | Radar cross section reducing surface, radar and vehicle |
| CN112018520B (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2022-02-08 | 山东大学 | Regulation and control board based on artificial electromagnetic planar material, vortex antenna and processing method |
| CN117913539B (en) * | 2024-03-18 | 2024-06-25 | 西南交通大学 | Circularly polarized antenna based on electromagnetic super surface |
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