CN110003873A - 一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110003873A
CN110003873A CN201910301650.2A CN201910301650A CN110003873A CN 110003873 A CN110003873 A CN 110003873A CN 201910301650 A CN201910301650 A CN 201910301650A CN 110003873 A CN110003873 A CN 110003873A
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许崇娟
李慧芝
裴梅山
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法,其特征在于,水与油醛混合液在表面活性剂存在下制得A乳液;将水,水溶性树脂,纳米铝粉,纳米锌粉,充分搅拌8小时,喷雾干燥,得到复合粉体;然后将水,氯化铵,乙二胺四乙酸二钠,六偏磷酸钠,聚天冬氨酸钠,1‑乙基‑3‑甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐,复合粉体,高速搅拌均匀,得到悬浮B液。热水与A乳液、悬浮B液按体积为70:15:15混合使用。该解堵除垢剂,pH值在6.0~8.0之间;清洗剂及清洗废液均呈中性,达到无腐蚀安全解堵除垢,该解堵除垢剂既可以清除抽油机井和螺杆泵井的聚合物料垢和沥青质垢,又能清除无机垢,中性解堵除垢剂热稳定性好,使用安全环保,适合推广。

Description

一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及油田油井、输油管道解堵除垢化学清洗领域,特别涉及一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
在油田生产运行过程中,油井、输油管道的结垢堵塞问题一直困扰着石油工业的正常生产。结垢会降低管道通过能力,减少产量,增加能耗设备发热并加速其老化。当结垢严重直至堵塞油井、输油管道时,就必须停止生产进行解堵作业,不但消耗大量的人力物力,增加成本,且严重影响了油田的正常生产。快速破除已形成的堵塞,对油田的生产具有非常重要的意义。引起油管堵塞的物质很多,常见的主要有石蜡、盐类垢、腐蚀垢以及泥沙沉积垢。我国大部分原油含蜡量高,在输油管道的实际运行中,最主要的结垢物质为石蜡。原油中的蜡在地层条件下通常以液体形式存在。在开采运输过程中,随着地表温度和压力的下降,原油溶蜡能力降低,石蜡开始结晶析出并附着在输油管内壁,石蜡的不断析出与沉积会降低管道的通过直径,最终形成堵塞。
目前常用解堵方法主要有物理方法、化学方法和生物方法,物理方法是利用物理作用施加于堵塞物对其进行击碎破除。主要包括高压水射技术、机械方法.声波方法、电场法、磁场防蜡等。化学方法多采用向管道中注入解堵专用化学试剂冲刷管道,以达到溶解消除堵塞物的目的。生物方法是利用食蜡微生物在繁殖过程中在输油管道壁形成一层生物保护膜,使石蜡等易结垢物质不易附着,从而达到防蜡的目的。以上传统方式均存在明显的不足之处。化学方法中使用的强酸会造成污染,且长时间操作会腐蚀损伤管道,得不偿失。一些常见物理解堵方法多需进行停产作业且操作复杂,如高压水射流技术。而可在线操作方法主要也是针对防蜡,当结蜡严重形成堵塞时作用甚微,不能解决油管堵塞问题。因此,亟需找到一种方法能同时具有理想防蜡解堵效果,且能够在线运行不影响油井正常生产。
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种应用于工业清洗解堵除垢的中性清洗剂及其制备和应用,本发明的清洗剂是一种pH为中性的清洗剂,主要针对石油领域的设备、管道的清洗,该清洗剂既可以清除如:蜡质、沥青质等长链的有机垢,也可以清除无机垢如:钙、镁、铁等沉淀的垢,全部采用安全环保可降解的成分,主要作用成分为一种中性螯合剂,能有效分散钙镁沉淀垢沉淀,对人体、环境无伤害,对设备无腐蚀,并且还存在一定的阻垢功效,运输方便。使用本发明的中性解堵除垢剂使金属管壁不发生发生氢脆的现象,能够延长油井管道的使用寿命。由于输油管道大部分都在地面或海上,比地下油井的温度要低,在采用化学清洗时效果很差,所以在制备化学解堵剂时让解堵自身能发热,清洗效果明显提高。发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法。
一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)油醛混合液的配制:反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,凝析油:56~60%,汽油:12~15%,丙酮:4~8%,水杨醛:6~8%,戊二醛:8~10%, 司班-40:1.4 ~2.2%,AEO-4:1.6 ~2.4%, OP-10:1.8~2.6%,各组分之和为百分之百,搅拌溶解,得到油醛混合液;
(2)A乳液配制:在高速分散机中,按如下组成体积百分浓度加入,水:56~60%,步骤(1)所述的油醛混合液:40~44%,各组分之和为百分之百,在转速为2200转/min,搅拌4小时,再提高转速至2500转/min,反应1小时,放置过夜,得到A乳液;
(3)复合粉体的制备:反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,水:64~68%,水溶性树脂:0.4~1.0%,加热溶解,再加入纳米铝粉:25~30%,纳米锌粉:4~8%,各组分之和为百分之百,充分搅拌8小时,喷雾干燥,得到复合粉体;
(4)悬浮B液配制:反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,水: 65~70%,氯化铵:12~14%, 乙二胺四乙酸二钠:2.0~4.0%,六偏磷酸钠:1.0~3.0%,聚聚天冬氨酸钠:2.0~4.0%,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐:2.0~4.0%,加入步骤(3)所制备复合粉体:8~12%,各组分之和为百分之百,高速搅拌均匀,得到悬浮B液。
步骤(1)中所述的司班-40、AEO-6与 OP-10的质量比为0.9:1.0:1.1。
本发明的另一目的在于所制备一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的使用方法。
将温度在50℃的热水与A乳液、悬浮B液按体积为70:15:15混合后,用泵打入输油管道、油井中,使输油管道充满混合液体,反应22~28小时,检测压力,放出气体,将清洗废液体放出,加入破乳液,油相、水相分别回收再利用,获得优良的解堵除垢效果。
本发明的优点及效果是:
(1)本发明制得中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂, pH值在6.0~8.0之间;清洗剂及清洗的废液均呈中性,不会产生酸雾,不会腐蚀钢铁的设备结构,达到无腐蚀安全解堵除垢,中性解堵除垢剂热稳定性好,使用安全环保,适合推广。
(2)本发明制得中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂,该中性解堵除垢剂既可以清除输油管道的聚合物料垢和沥青质垢,又能清除如碳酸钙、碳酸镁、硫酸钙、氧化铁等无机垢,尤其对硫酸钡、硫酸锶具有很好的清除作用,自发热可以保持清洗液温度在50~60℃维持24小时。
(3)本发明制得中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂,该中性解堵除垢剂不脱落垢渣和产生新的沉淀物,具有很好的络合性、分散性、渗透性和溶解性,反应物具有溶解性,不产生垢渣和二次沉淀,能有效地解决传统酸洗易脱落掉渣的问题,保证安全解堵。
(4)本发明制得中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂,该中性解堵除垢剂的废液回收再利用,由于本解堵剂是由凝析油、煤油、醛类、络合剂、离子液体、乳化剂、无机盐等组成,与输油管道中的有机垢和无机垢反应后的产物为易溶解的物质,减少了清洗废液处理工序剂费用。
(5)本发明制得中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂,制备工艺简单,条件易于控制,生产成本低,使用安全,易于工业化生产,解堵速度快。
具体实施方式
实施例1
(1)油醛混合液的配制:反应器中,分别加入,凝析油:580g,汽油:140g,丙酮:70g,水杨醛:80g,戊二醛:90g, 司班-40:18g,AEO-4:20g, OP-10:22g,搅拌溶解,得到油醛混合液;
(2)A乳液配制:在高速分散机中,分别加入,水:580mL,步骤(1)所述的油醛混合液:420mL,在转速为2200转/min,搅拌4小时,再提高转速至2500转/min,反应1小时,放置过夜,得到A乳液;
(3)复合粉体的制备:反应器中,分别加入,水:660g,水溶性树脂:5g,加热溶解,再加入纳米铝粉:275g,纳米锌粉:60g,充分搅拌8小时,喷雾干燥,得到复合粉体;
(4)悬浮B液配制:反应器中,分别加入,水:680g,氯化铵:130g, 乙二胺四乙酸二钠:30g,六偏磷酸钠:20g,聚聚天冬氨酸钠:30g,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐:30g,加入步骤(3)所制备复合粉体:80g,高速搅拌均匀,得到悬浮B液。
实施例2
(1)油醛混合液的配制:反应器中,分别加入,凝析油:56kg,汽油:15kg,丙酮:8kg,水杨醛:6kg,戊二醛:10kg, 司班-40:1.4kg,AEO-4:1.6kg, OP-10:1.8kg,搅拌溶解,得到油醛混合液;
(2)A乳液配制:在高速分散机中,分别加入,水:56L,步骤(1)所述的油醛混合液:44L,在转速为2200转/min,搅拌4小时,再提高转速至2500转/min,反应1小时,放置过夜,得到A乳液;
(3)复合粉体的制备:反应器中,分别加入,水:68kg,水溶性树脂:0.4kg,加热溶解,再加入纳米铝粉:25kg,纳米锌粉:7kg,充分搅拌8小时,喷雾干燥,得到复合粉体;
(4)悬浮B液配制:反应器中,分别加入,水:64kg,氯化铵:12kg, 乙二胺四乙酸二钠:2kg,六偏磷酸钠:3kg,聚天冬氨酸钠:4kg,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐:4kg,加入步骤(3)所制备复合粉体:11kg,高速搅拌均匀,得到悬浮B液。
实施例3
(1)油醛混合液的配制:反应器中,分别加入,凝析油:600g,汽油:120g,丙酮:40g,水杨醛:70g,戊二醛:100g, 司班-40:22g,AEO-4:24g, OP-10:26g,搅拌溶解,得到油醛混合液;
(2)A乳液配制:在高速分散机中,分别加入,水:600mL,步骤(1)所述的油醛混合液:400mL,在转速为2200转/min,搅拌4小时,再提高转速至2500转/min,反应1小时,放置过夜,得到A乳液;
(3)复合粉体的制备:反应器中,分别加入,水:640g,水溶性树脂:8g,加热溶解,再加入纳米铝粉:270g,纳米锌粉:80g,充分搅拌8小时,喷雾干燥,得到复合粉体;
(4)悬浮B液配制:反应器中,分别加入,水:650g,氯化铵:140g, 乙二胺四乙酸二钠:40g,六偏磷酸钠:10g,聚天冬氨酸钠:20g,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐:20g,加入步骤(3)所制备复合粉体:120g,高速搅拌均匀,得到悬浮B液。
实施例4
(1)油醛混合液的配制:反应器中,分别加入,凝析油:590g,汽油:130g,丙酮:60g,水杨醛:85g,戊二醛:00g, 司班-40:16g,AEO-4:18g, OP-10:20g,搅拌溶解,得到油醛混合液;
(2)A乳液配制:在高速分散机中,分别加入,水:570mL,步骤(1)所述的油醛混合液:430mL,在转速为2200转/min,搅拌4小时,再提高转速至2500转/min,反应1小时,放置过夜,得到A乳液;
(3)复合粉体的制备:反应器中,分别加入,水:650g,水溶性树脂:10g,加热溶解,再加入纳米铝粉:300g,纳米锌粉:40g,充分搅拌8小时,喷雾干燥,得到复合粉体;
(4)悬浮B液配制:反应器中,分别加入,水:700g,氯化铵:120g, 乙二胺四乙酸二钠:20g,六偏磷酸钠:20g,聚天冬氨酸钠:20g,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐:20g,加入步骤(3)所制备复合粉体:100g,高速搅拌均匀,得到悬浮B液。
实施例5
实施例1~实施例4所制备的一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的使用方法。
将温度在50℃的热水与A乳液、悬浮B液按体积为70:15:15混合后,用泵打入输油管道、油井中,使输油管道充满混合液体,反应22~28小时,检测压力,放出气体,将清洗废液体放出,加入破乳液,油相、水相分别回收再利用,获得优良的解堵除垢效果。

Claims (3)

1.一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法,其特征在于,该方法具有以下工艺步骤:
(1)油醛混合液的配制:反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,凝析油:56~60%,汽油:12~15%,丙酮:4~8%,水杨醛:6~8%,戊二醛:8~10%, 司班-40:1.4 ~2.2%,AEO-4:1.6 ~2.4%, OP-10:1.8~2.6%,各组分之和为百分之百,搅拌溶解,得到油醛混合液;
(2)A乳液配制:在高速分散机中,按如下组成体积百分浓度加入,水:56~60%,步骤(1)所述的油醛混合液:40~44%,各组分之和为百分之百,在转速为2200转/min,搅拌4小时,再提高转速至2500转/min,反应1小时,放置过夜,得到A乳液;
(3)复合粉体的制备:反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,水:64~68%,水溶性树脂:0.4~1.0%,加热溶解,再加入纳米铝粉:25~30%,纳米锌粉:4~8%,各组分之和为百分之百,充分搅拌8小时,喷雾干燥,得到复合粉体;
(4)悬浮B液配制:反应器中,按如下组成质量百分浓度加入,水: 65~70%,氯化铵:12~14%, 乙二胺四乙酸二钠:2.0~4.0%,六偏磷酸钠:1.0~3.0%,聚天冬氨酸钠:2.0~4.0%,1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐:2.0~4.0%,加入步骤(3)所制备复合粉体:8~12%,各组分之和为百分之百,高速搅拌均匀,得到悬浮B液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的司班-40、AEO-6与 OP-10的质量比为0.9:1.0:1.1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的制备方法所制备的中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂,其特征在于,所述的中性均相自发热双效解堵除垢剂的使用方法:将温度在50℃的热水与A乳液、悬浮B液按体积为70:15:15混合后,用泵打入输油管道、油井中,使输油管道充满混合液体,反应22~28小时,检测压力,放出气体,将清洗废液体放出,加入破乳液,油相、水相分别回收再利用,获得优良的解堵除垢效果。
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