CN110003808B - 一种高分子自粘防水卷材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高分子自粘防水卷材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110003808B
CN110003808B CN201910301149.6A CN201910301149A CN110003808B CN 110003808 B CN110003808 B CN 110003808B CN 201910301149 A CN201910301149 A CN 201910301149A CN 110003808 B CN110003808 B CN 110003808B
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王杰
吴万成
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Sichuan Zhuobang'an New Material Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及了一种高分子自粘防水卷材及其制备方法,可有效的封补混凝土因收缩形成的微小裂缝和结构外的窜水;对于自粘胶的制作,采用橡胶油可提高自粘胶的低温柔性,初粘性,增强剥离强度,热熔胶级弹性体可改性自粘胶,用以提供自粘胶较大的内聚力;无机填料起到了提高材料柔韧性,低温柔性和高温性能,填充剂优选经过表面处理的滑石粉,使其表面由憎水性变为亲水性,很大程度上改善了滑石粉与聚合物之间的界面结合力,提高了滑石粉与聚合物的均匀分散性及相容性。综上,选用上述原料,可制作为集强度、伸长、撕裂、抗穿刺、抗渗透、抗高低温、防水蒸汽、耐腐蚀和环保性均优越高分子自粘防水卷材。

Description

一种高分子自粘防水卷材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域,特别涉及一种高分子自粘防水卷材及其制备方法。
背景技术
防水卷材主要是用于建筑墙体、屋面、以及隧道、公路、垃圾填埋场等处,起到抵御外界雨水、地下水渗漏的一种可卷曲成卷状的柔性建材产品,作为工程基础与建筑物之间无渗漏连接,是整个工程防水的第一道屏障,对整个工程起着至关重要的作用。
高分子防水卷材是公认的性能优异的防水材料,广泛应用于工业和民用建筑领域的防水防潮。现有防水卷材因原材料配方单一、工艺简单,施工后,接缝剥离强度差,当基层膨胀时,会在搭接处拉开,搭接失效,从而造成接缝处出现渗水,使建筑物防水层面临严峻的挑战,甚至遭受破坏,同时,当卷材表面受到剧烈或突然的外力作用时很容易损坏卷材防水层质量而降低或失去卷材原有的防水性能,并且该破坏处遇到气温较低时,卷材上被破坏处愈加严重,卷材表面防水层出现裂纹。
发明内容
针对上述背景技术中所存在的缺陷和问题,本发明目的是提供一种高分子自粘防水卷材及其制备方法,可制作集强度、伸长、撕裂、抗穿刺、抗渗透、抗高低温、防水蒸汽、耐腐蚀和环保性均优越高分子自粘防水卷材。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
本发明的一种高分子自粘防水卷材,包括,从下至上依次设置的高分子片材、自粘胶层及隔离膜。
进一步,所述高分子片材为高密度聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯乙酸乙烯改性沥青共混物或者聚氯乙烯。其中,高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)是一种由乙烯共聚生成的热塑性聚烯烃。它集强度、伸长、撕裂、抗穿刺、抗渗透、抗高低温、防水蒸汽、耐腐蚀和环保性均优越为一体的树脂类高分子材料,是目前高分子材料中最好的一种;乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)是由乙烯和乙酸乙烯共聚而制得,具有良好的柔软性,橡胶般的弹性,在-50℃下仍能够具有较好的可挠性,化学稳定性良好,抗老化和耐臭氧强度好,无毒、不吸水;乙烯乙酸乙烯改性沥青共混(ECB)制作采用二段挤出,三辊压延生产工艺,材料具有优良的耐候性、耐久性、坚韧性、电绝缘性、延伸率高、抗穿透力强等特点;聚氯乙烯(PVC)力学性能,电性能优良,耐酸碱力极强,化学稳定性好等特点。
进一步,所述隔离膜为PET隔离膜。
进一步,所述自粘胶层包括以下重量份的原料:橡胶油55-65份,环氧增塑剂10-15份,SBS橡胶5-15份,热熔胶级弹性体6-10份,增粘树脂5-10份,无机填料15-30份。其中,橡胶油可提高自粘胶的低温柔性,初粘性,增强剥离强度;热熔胶级弹性体主要用以提供自粘胶较大的内聚力;无机填料起到了提高材料柔韧性,低温柔性和高温性能。
进一步,所述无机填料为陶土、滑石粉、云母粉、石棉粉或者碳酸钙粉。优选的,采用纳米级滑石粉作为主要填料,所述滑石粉的制备方法如下:将滑石粉原料进行破碎处理,再将破碎后的物料机械研磨成800-900目的细粉,在细粉中加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠混合,并将温度控制在110℃-120℃之间搅拌20-25min;研磨后的滑石粉细粉与十二烷基苯磺酸钠质量比为1000:5-8。填充剂优选经过表面处理的滑石粉,使其表面由憎水性变为亲水性,很大程度上改善了滑石粉与聚合物之间的界面结合力,提高了滑石粉与聚合物的均匀分散性及相容性。
进一步,所述环氧增塑剂为环氧化油、环氧脂肪酸单酯或者环氧四氢邻苯二甲酸酯。
进一步,所述热熔胶级弹性体为苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物或者乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物。苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物主要用作提供内聚力,提高自粘胶和混凝土的结合能力,提高渗透性。
进一步,所述增粘树脂为松香树脂、萜烯树脂、石油树脂或者古马隆树脂。
进一步,所述自粘胶层的制备方法如下:
(1)将橡胶油加入到第一搅拌罐中,搅拌罐的温度为170-180℃,搅拌时间为60-90min;(2)边搅拌边加入环氧增塑剂、SBS橡胶、热熔胶级弹性体、增粘树脂,充分搅拌均匀后,再通过胶体磨研磨,研磨时间≥60min;(3)将第一搅拌罐的物料通过胶体磨倒入到第二搅拌罐中,第一搅拌罐的温度为170-180℃,搅拌时间为90-120min;(4)边搅拌边加入无机填料,充分搅拌均匀后利用熔体泵将配好的物料加入到中间存料罐中。
本发明还提供了一种高分子自粘防水卷材的制备方法,制备步骤包括:
步骤一,通过冷却、牵引、卷曲制得高分子片材;
步骤二,自粘胶层通过锥形双螺杆挤出机机头上的熔体计量泵和涂胶模头,从涂胶模头流出,涂覆到高分子片材上,涂覆温度为170-180℃;
步骤三,通过压辊将隔离膜压制复合在高分子片材上,经定型冷却,分切收卷。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:
本发明提供的一种高分子自粘防水卷材及其制备方法,可有效的封补混凝土因收缩形成的微小裂缝和结构外的窜水;对于自粘胶的制作,采用橡胶油可提高自粘胶的低温柔性,初粘性,增强剥离强度,热熔胶级弹性体可改性自粘胶,用以提供自粘胶较大的内聚力;无机填料起到了提高材料柔韧性,低温柔性和高温性能,填充剂优选经过表面处理的滑石粉,使其表面由憎水性变为亲水性,很大程度上改善了滑石粉与聚合物之间的界面结合力,提高了滑石粉与聚合物的均匀分散性及相容性。综上,选用上述原料,可制作为集强度、伸长、撕裂、抗穿刺、抗渗透、抗高低温、防水蒸汽、耐腐蚀和环保性均优越高分子自粘防水卷材。
除此之外,本发明制备的产品具有以下特点:
1、防水机理的提升:与基面密贴、粘结力强、随附性好,有效防止串水层的出现,从单一片材式隔水变成了360°整体式密封隔水。
2、施工工法的提升:潮湿基面可直接施工,对施工基面要求低,安装方便、快捷,不受天气影响,节约工期。
3、搭接的提升:两米的幅宽,减少了搭接的损耗,提高了速度。接头采用自粘胶封口,可靠性得到加强。
4、经济价值的提升:抗穿刺、耐疲劳、耐老化,材料价格、施工成本、维护费用、使用寿命综合性价比优于其它材料。
5、社会价值的提升:无需热焊、热合,从而降低能耗;防渗为普通物理变化,不产生任何有毒物质,更为环保。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明的实施例,对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
自粘胶层包括以下重量份的原料:橡胶油55份,环氧化油10份,SBS橡胶5份,苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物6份,松香树脂5份,滑石粉15份。
自粘胶层的制备方法如下:(1)将橡胶油加入到第一搅拌罐中,搅拌罐的温度为170℃,搅拌时间为60min;(2)边搅拌边加入环氧化油、SBS橡胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、松香树脂,充分搅拌均匀后,再通过胶体磨研磨,研磨时间60min;(3)将第一搅拌罐的物料通过胶体磨倒入到第二搅拌罐中,第一搅拌罐的温度为170℃,搅拌时间为90min;(4)边搅拌边加入滑石粉,充分搅拌均匀后利用熔体泵将配好的物料加入到中间存料罐中。
高分子自粘防水卷材的制备方法:
步骤一,采用高密度聚乙烯,通过冷却、牵引、卷曲制得高分子片材;
步骤二,自粘胶层通过锥形双螺杆挤出机机头上的熔体计量泵和涂胶模头,从涂胶模头流出,涂覆到高分子片材上,涂覆温度为170℃;
步骤三,通过压辊将隔离膜压制复合在高分子片材上,经定型冷却,分切收卷。
实施例2
自粘胶层包括以下重量份的原料:橡胶油65份,环氧脂肪酸单酯15份,SBS橡胶15份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物10份,萜烯树脂10份,碳酸钙粉30份。
自粘胶层的制备方法如下:(1)将橡胶油加入到第一搅拌罐中,搅拌罐的温度为180℃,搅拌时间为90min;(2)边搅拌边加入环氧脂肪酸单酯、SBS橡胶、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、萜烯树脂,充分搅拌均匀后,再通过胶体磨研磨,研磨时间70min;(3)将第一搅拌罐的物料通过胶体磨倒入到第二搅拌罐中,第一搅拌罐的温度为180℃,搅拌时间为120min;(4)边搅拌边加入碳酸钙粉,充分搅拌均匀后利用熔体泵将配好的物料加入到中间存料罐中。
高分子自粘防水卷材的制备方法:
步骤一,采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物,通过冷却、牵引、卷曲制得高分子片材;
步骤二,自粘胶层通过锥形双螺杆挤出机机头上的熔体计量泵和涂胶模头,从涂胶模头流出,涂覆到高分子片材上,涂覆温度为180℃;
步骤三,通过压辊将隔离膜压制复合在高分子片材上,经定型冷却,分切收卷。
实施例3
自粘胶层包括以下重量份的原料:橡胶油60份,环氧四氢邻苯二甲酸酯12份,SBS橡胶5-15份,苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物8份,古马隆树脂8份,滑石粉20份。
自粘胶层的制备方法如下:(1)将橡胶油加入到第一搅拌罐中,搅拌罐的温度为175℃,搅拌时间为85min;(2)边搅拌边加入环氧四氢邻苯二甲酸酯、SBS橡胶、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物、古马隆树脂,充分搅拌均匀后,再通过胶体磨研磨,研磨时间70min;(3)将第一搅拌罐的物料通过胶体磨倒入到第二搅拌罐中,第一搅拌罐的温度为180℃,搅拌时间为100min;(4)边搅拌边加入碳酸钙粉,充分搅拌均匀后利用熔体泵将配好的物料加入到中间存料罐中。
高分子自粘防水卷材的制备方法:
步骤一,采用聚氯乙烯,通过冷却、牵引、卷曲制得高分子片材;
步骤二,自粘胶层通过锥形双螺杆挤出机机头上的熔体计量泵和涂胶模头,从涂胶模头流出,涂覆到高分子片材上,涂覆温度为180℃;
步骤三,通过压辊将隔离膜压制复合在高分子片材上,经定型冷却,分切收卷。
实验例:采用本发明各个实施例的高分子自粘防水卷材,与传统防水卷材进行各方面指标和性能测试,结果见表1。
表1
Figure BDA0002028273010000071
可见,本发明中的高分子自粘防水卷材与传统防水卷材相比,具有优秀的强度、伸长、撕裂、抗拉力以及剥离强度。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应所述以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (4)

1.一种高分子自粘防水卷材,其特征在于,包括,从下至上依次设置的高分子片材、自粘胶层及隔离膜;
所述自粘胶层由以下重量份的原料组成:橡胶油55-65份,环氧增塑剂10-15份,SBS橡胶5-15份,热熔胶级弹性体6-10份,增粘树脂5-10份,无机填料15-30份;
所述无机填料为滑石粉;所述滑石粉的制备方法如下:将滑石粉原料进行破碎处理,再将破碎后的物料机械研磨成800-900目的细粉,在细粉中加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠混合,并将温度控制在110℃-120℃之间搅拌20-25min;研磨后的滑石粉细粉与十二烷基苯磺酸钠质量比为1000:5-8;
所述环氧增塑剂为环氧化油、环氧脂肪酸单酯或者环氧四氢邻苯二甲酸酯;
所述自粘胶层的制备方法如下:
(1)将橡胶油加入到第一搅拌罐中,搅拌罐的温度为170-180℃,搅拌时间为60-90min;
(2)边搅拌边加入环氧增塑剂、SBS橡胶、热熔胶级弹性体、增粘树脂,充分搅拌均匀后,再通过胶体磨研磨,研磨时间≥60min;
(3)将第一搅拌罐的物料通过胶体磨倒入到第二搅拌罐中,第一搅拌罐的温度为170-180℃,搅拌时间为90-120min;
(4)边搅拌边加入无机填料,充分搅拌均匀后利用熔体泵将配好的物料加入到中间存料罐中;
所述的一种高分子自粘防水卷材的制备方法,制备步骤包括:
步骤一,通过冷却、牵引、卷曲制得高分子片材;
步骤二,自粘胶层通过锥形双螺杆挤出机机头上的熔体计量泵和涂胶模头,从涂胶模头流出,涂覆到高分子片材上,涂覆温度为170-180℃;
步骤三,通过压辊将隔离膜压制复合在高分子片材上,经定型冷却,分切收卷;
所述高分子片材为高密度聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物、乙烯乙酸乙烯改性沥青共混物或者聚氯乙烯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高分子自粘防水卷材,其特征在于,所述隔离膜为PET隔离膜。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高分子自粘防水卷材,其特征在于,所述热熔胶级弹性体为苯乙烯-异戊二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物或者乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高分子自粘防水卷材,其特征在于,所述增粘树脂为松香树脂、萜烯树脂、石油树脂或者古马隆树脂。
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