CN110001162A - 粘弹性塑料夹层和包含这种夹层的玻璃制品 - Google Patents
粘弹性塑料夹层和包含这种夹层的玻璃制品 Download PDFInfo
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- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
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- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
- B32B17/1066—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments imparting a tint in certain regions only, i.e. shade band
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种粘弹性塑料夹层,其旨在并入两个玻璃板之间以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的叠层玻璃制品,所述夹层包含由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层(3),并且使所述夹层至少在其表面的一部分上以本体着色,所述夹层使得通过根据ISO 16940标准在20℃下测量机械阻抗(MIM)来确定的叠层玻璃格条的第二共振模态的共振频率f2在760 Hz与1000 Hz之间,且通过MIM在相同条件下确定的相同格条的第二共振模态的损耗因数η2大于或等于0.25。本发明允许玻璃板的厚度降低,而不使振动声学阻尼特性退化,且同时为车辆内部的人员提供隐私性或保护车辆的驾驶员不因阳光而晕眩。
Description
本申请是申请日为2014年11月25日、发明名称为“用于振动声学阻尼的粘弹性塑料夹层和包含这种夹层的玻璃制品”、申请号为201480002528.0的发明专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种粘弹性塑料夹层,其旨在并入两个玻璃板之间以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的叠层玻璃制品(laminated glazing),其旨在特别地用于移动机械(locomotive machine),尤其是机动车辆。
背景技术
在所有有助于现代运输工具(例如火车和机动车辆)中舒适性的品质中,安静已经成为决定性因素。
经过若干年,通过借助于例如吸收涂层或弹性体连接部件,在噪声来源处或在噪声通过空气或通过固体传播期间来处理噪声(例如来自发动机、滚轮(rolling)或悬架噪声的噪声),现在声学舒适性已得到改善。
为了改善在空气中的穿透性,并减少本身为噪声源的湍流,车辆的外形也已经进行了修改。
近年来,注意力已集中在玻璃制品,尤其是包含塑料夹层膜的叠层玻璃制品在改善声学舒适性方面可能起到的作用。叠层玻璃制品还具有其它优点,例如在突发破裂的情况下消除碎片飞溅的风险,形成侵入缓速器(effractionretarder)。
已经证明,在叠层玻璃制品中使用标准塑料膜并不适合用于改善声学舒适性。于是开发出了特殊的塑料膜,其具有允许改善声学舒适性的阻尼特性。
另外,在现有的挡风玻璃中,旨在转至面向车辆外部的玻璃板的厚度通常是2.1mm,且旨在转至面向车辆内部的玻璃板的厚度通常是1.6mm。然而,趋势是使机动车辆轻量化,以便减少它们的消耗和引发的CO2排放。一种方法是提出更轻的机动车辆玻璃制品。用于降低玻璃制品重量的一个解决方案是减小玻璃板的厚度。然而,该厚度减小导致了叠层玻璃制品的声学特性的退化。
此外,同样重要的是为车辆内部的人员提供隐私性(intimacy)或为了保护车辆的驾驶员不因阳光而晕眩或仅仅为了提供美学效果。
因此,需要一种粘弹性塑料夹层,其旨在并入两个玻璃板之间以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的叠层玻璃制品,其允许玻璃板的厚度降低,而不使振动声学阻尼特性退化,而且同时为车辆内部的人员提供隐私性或保护车辆的驾驶员不因阳光而晕眩或仅仅为了提供美学效果。
发明内容
为此,本发明提出粘弹性塑料夹层,其旨在并入两个玻璃板之间以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的叠层玻璃制品,所述夹层包括由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层,并且使所述夹层在其表面的至少一部分上以本体着色,所述夹层使得通过根据ISO 16940标准在20℃下测量机械阻抗(MIM)来确定的叠层玻璃格条(glazing bar)的第二共振模态的共振频率f2在760Hz与1000Hz之间,且通过MIM在相同条件下确定的相同格条的第二共振模态的损耗因数η2大于或等于0.25,所述叠层玻璃格条由其间并入所述夹层的各2.1mm厚的两个玻璃板构成,具有25mm×300mm的表面积。
根据另一个特定特征,所述层基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和增塑剂。
根据另一个特定特征,所述共振频率f2在800Hz与900Hz之间,优选在800Hz与850Hz之间。
根据另一个特定特征,所述损耗因数η2大于0.30。
根据另一个特定特征,所述夹层还包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层,所述层在所述两个外层之间。
根据另一个特定特征,在组装所述叠层玻璃格条之后至少一个月进行机械阻抗的测量,在制造所述夹层之后至少一个月,所述叠层玻璃格条已使其自身被组装。
本发明还涉及玻璃制品,其包括:
-0.5mm至2.6mm厚的玻璃板,
-0.5mm至1.6mm厚的玻璃板,
-如上所述的夹层,所述夹层在所述玻璃板之间,
其中所述玻璃板的总厚度严格地小于3.7mm。
根据另一个特定特征,在所述夹层的上部使其着色。
根据另一个特定特征,在所述夹层的整个表面上使其着色。
本发明还涉及包括如上所述的玻璃制品的机动车辆,所述0.5mm至2.6mm厚的玻璃板转至面向所述车辆的外部,并且所述0.5mm至1.6mm厚的玻璃板转至面向所述车辆的内部。
本发明还涉及如上所述的玻璃制品作为机动车辆挡风玻璃的用途。
根据另一个特定特征,将所述玻璃制品用作机动车辆的前侧窗、后侧窗、后窗或三角窗玻璃(quarter glass)。
附图说明
现在将参照附图来描述本发明的其它特征及优势,在附图中:
·图1示出了在三个挡风玻璃上测量的作为频率的函数的隔声曲线;
·图2示出了根据本发明的玻璃制品的横截面图。
具体实施方案
本发明涉及一种粘弹性塑料夹层,其旨在并入两个玻璃板之间以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的叠层玻璃制品。所述夹层包括由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层。
所述夹层使得通过根据ISO 16940标准(其中关于格条的玻璃板厚度的唯一区别在于,其为2.1mm而不是4mm)在20℃下测量机械阻抗(MIM)来确定的叠层玻璃格条的第二共振模态的共振频率f2在760Hz与1000Hz之间,且通过MIM在相同条件下确定的相同格条的第二共振模态的损耗因数η2大于或等于0.25,所述叠层玻璃格条由其间并入所述夹层的各2.1mm厚的两个玻璃板构成,具有25mm×300mm的表面积。
此外,使所述夹层至少在其表面的一部分上以本体着色,在于整个表面上着色的情况下,这为车辆内部的人员提供了隐私性或仅仅提供美学效果,或可替代地,在于挡风玻璃的上部着色的情况下,这保护车辆的驾驶员不因阳光而晕眩。
如下文所见,本发明人已证明,包含这些特征的夹层使得有可能获得薄化的叠层玻璃制品,其声学性能品质等同于或甚至优于并入具有改善的声学特性的已知夹层的具有标准玻璃厚度的叠层玻璃制品的声学性能品质。
根据本发明的夹层旨在并入两个玻璃板之间以形成叠层玻璃制品。
图2示出了根据本发明的玻璃制品的横截面图。
所述玻璃制品包括两个玻璃板1、2,根据本发明的夹层插入其间。夹层与玻璃板的牢固连接通过已知手段实现,例如,通过堆叠玻璃板和夹层,和通过将组件送入高压釜中。
所述玻璃制品的玻璃板1用于转至面向车辆的外部,而玻璃板2用于转至面向车辆的内部。优选地,玻璃板1比玻璃板2厚,使得玻璃制品针对于外部冲击(恶劣天气、砂砾的飞溅等)提供更好的保护。具体而言,玻璃越厚,则其机械强度越大。然而,玻璃越厚,则其越重。因此,必须在玻璃制品的机械强度和重量之间找到折衷。由此,玻璃板1的厚度例如在0.5mm与2.6mm之间,且优选在1.4mm与2.0mm之间,并且玻璃板2的厚度例如在0.5mm与1.6mm之间,且优选在1.1mm与1.5mm之间。
在现有的玻璃制品中,玻璃板1的厚度通常为2.1mm,并且玻璃板2的厚度通常为1.6mm,即,总玻璃厚度为3.7mm。
根据本发明的玻璃制品包括严格小于3.7mm、优选小于或等于3.2mm的总玻璃厚度。
优选地,根据本发明,玻璃板1的厚度为1.8mm,并且玻璃板2的厚度为1.4mm,以便限制玻璃制品的重量,这使得有可能减少配备有这种玻璃制品的车辆的燃料消耗。这还使得有可能更容易地操作玻璃制品和节省材料。
根据本发明的玻璃制品还可以具有1.6mm厚的玻璃板1和1.2mm厚的玻璃板2,或1.4mm厚的玻璃板1和1.1mm厚的玻璃板2。
所述夹层由通过具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层3构成。它优选地基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和增塑剂。所述增塑剂的含量和性质和聚乙烯醇缩丁醛的缩醛度使得有可能以已知的方式改变基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和增塑剂的组件的刚性。
在图2的实例中,所述夹层还包括被称为外层的两个层4、5,层3插入它们之间。
外层4、5优选由标准PVB制成。层3的刚度小于外层4、5,以便适当地振动,以确保所期望的声学阻尼。
作为变型,所述夹层可以包括由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少两个层,任选地由标准PVB层包围。
所述夹层的声学特性通过根据ISO 16940标准在20℃下测量叠层玻璃格条的机械阻抗(MIM)来确定,所述叠层玻璃格条由各2.1mm厚(而不是如ISO 16940标准中推荐的4mm厚)的两个玻璃板构成,具有25mm×300mm的表面积,所述两个玻璃板之间并入根据本发明的夹层,即,包括由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层的夹层。
MIM使得有可能确定叠层玻璃格条的各种共振模态的多个共振频率和多个损耗因数。
如果由MIM确定的叠层玻璃格条的第二共振模态的共振频率f2在760Hz与1000Hz之间,并且由MIM确定的叠层玻璃格条的第二共振模态的损耗因数η2大于或等于0.25,则该夹层是依照本发明的。
优选地,共振频率f2在800Hz与900Hz之间,这使得有可能具有改善的声学性能品质,同时在临界频率之前更少地降低叠层玻璃制品的削弱水平。更优选地,共振频率f2在800Hz与850Hz之间,这使得有可能具有更加改善的声学性能品质,同时在临界频率之前甚至更少地降低叠层玻璃制品的弱化水平。
优选地,损耗因数η2大于0.30,这使得有可能具有改善的声学性能品质,同时改善声学阻尼。
在组装叠层玻璃格条之后至少一个月进行机械阻抗(MIM)的测量,在所述夹层制造之后至少一个月,所述叠层玻璃格条其自身已经被组装。这使得有以确保夹层和叠层玻璃制品已达到稳定状态,且由此来确定可靠的值。
图1示出了在三个挡风玻璃上测量的作为频率的函数的隔声曲线。玻璃制品的隔声考虑了可以在配备有所述玻璃制品的车辆上观察到的声学性能品质。
因此,第一挡风玻璃(21-16已知)包括:
-分别为2.1mm和1.6mm厚的两个玻璃板,和
-夹层,其包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层和由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的中心层,所述夹层具有675Hz(±15Hz)的共振频率f2和等于0.35(±0.03)的损耗因数η2。
第一挡风玻璃对应于具有已知夹层的标准挡风玻璃,该已知夹层具有声学阻尼特性。
第一挡风玻璃的隔声曲线(表示为菱形)在大约6500Hz处显示出谷点(dip)。
第二挡风玻璃(18-14已知)包括:
-分别为1.8mm和1.4mm厚的两个玻璃板,和
-夹层,其包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层和由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的中心层,所述夹层具有675Hz(±15Hz)的共振频率f2和等于0.35(±0.03)的损耗因数η2。
第二挡风玻璃对应于薄化的挡风玻璃,其具有与第一挡风玻璃相同的夹层。
第二挡风玻璃的隔声曲线(由正方形表示)显示出与第一挡风玻璃相似的行为直到约5000Hz,但谷点向高频(在约8000Hz处)偏移。这种谷点的偏移很令人烦恼,因为其意味着该挡风玻璃允许空气噪声以刺激人耳的高频率穿过。
第三挡风玻璃(18-14本发明)包括:
-分别为1.8mm和1.4mm厚的两个玻璃板,和
-夹层,其包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层和由具有振动声学阻尼特性的粘弹性塑料制成的中心层,所述夹层具有800Hz(±15Hz)的共振频率f2和等于0.30(±0.03)的损耗因数η2。
第三挡风玻璃对应于具有根据本发明的夹层的薄化挡风玻璃。
第三挡风玻璃的隔声曲线(由三角形表示)显示出与第一挡风玻璃相似的行为,具有集中在约6500Hz处的谷点以及与第一挡风玻璃相似的隔音值。
因此,具有根据本发明的夹层的挡风玻璃实际上使得有可能补偿与所述玻璃制品的薄化相关联的声学退化。
根据本发明的叠层玻璃制品可以用作机动车辆挡风玻璃。在这种情况下,其当然满足用于确保其机械强度的硬冲击强度的联合国43号法规(被称为法规R43)的所有条件。为此,在夹层包括由标准PVB制成的两个外层的情况下,例如以已知的方式(例如,根据专利申请FR 0952567)改变这些外层4、5的厚度。
此外,使所述夹层至少在其一部分表面上以本体着色。当仅使其在挡风玻璃的上部着色时,它保护车辆的驾驶员不因阳光而晕眩。当使其在它的整个表面上着色时,它为车辆内部的人员提供了隐私性。当所述着色比较淡时,它仅仅具有美学效果。在相对于挡风玻璃或前侧窗的现有标准的透光率过低的情况下,它可以用于机动车辆的后侧窗、后窗或三角窗玻璃中。
Claims (11)
1.粘弹性塑料夹层,其旨在并入两个玻璃板之间以形成具有振动声学阻尼特性的叠层玻璃制品,所述玻璃板的总厚度严格地小于3.7mm,所述夹层包含由具有振动声学阻尼特性的基于聚乙烯醇缩丁醛和增塑剂的粘弹性塑料制成的至少一个层(3)以及由标准聚乙烯醇缩丁醛制成的两个外层(4、5),所述至少一个层(3)在所述两个外层(4、5)之间并且刚度小于所述外层(4、5),并且使所述夹层至少在其表面的一部分上以本体着色,所述夹层使得通过根据ISO 16940标准在20℃下测量机械阻抗来确定的叠层玻璃格条的第二共振模态的共振频率f2在760Hz与1000Hz之间,且通过机械阻抗在相同条件下确定的相同叠层玻璃格条的第二共振模态的损耗因数η2大于或等于0.25,所述叠层玻璃格条由其间并入所述夹层的各2.1mm厚的两个玻璃板构成,具有25mm×300mm的表面积。
2.根据权利要求1的夹层,其中所述共振频率f2在800Hz与900Hz之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2的夹层,其中所述共振频率f2在800Hz与850Hz之间。
4.根据权利要求1或2的夹层,其中所述损耗因数η2大于0.30。
5.根据权利要求1或2的夹层,其中在组装所述叠层玻璃格条之后至少一个月,进行所述机械阻抗的测量,在制造所述夹层之后至少一个月,所述叠层玻璃格条已使其自身被组装。
6.玻璃制品,其包括:
-0.5mm至2.6mm厚的玻璃板(1),
-0.5mm至1.6mm厚的玻璃板(2),
-根据权利要求1至5中任一项的夹层,所述夹层在所述玻璃板(1、2)之间,
其中所述玻璃板(1、2)的总厚度严格地小于3.7mm。
7.根据权利要求6的玻璃制品,其中使所述夹层仅在其上部着色。
8.根据权利要求6的玻璃制品,其中使所述夹层在其整个表面上着色。
9.包含根据权利要求6至8中一项的玻璃制品的机动车辆,使所述0.5mm至2.6mm厚的玻璃板(1)转至面向所述车辆的外部,并且使所述0.5mm至1.6mm厚的玻璃板(2)转至面向所述车辆的内部。
10.根据权利要求7的玻璃制品作为机动车辆挡风玻璃的用途。
11.根据权利要求6或8的玻璃制品作为机动车辆的挡风玻璃、前侧窗、后侧窗、后窗或三角窗玻璃的用途。
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CN201480002528.0A CN104822526A (zh) | 2013-11-27 | 2014-11-25 | 用于振动声学阻尼的粘弹性塑料夹层和包含这种夹层的玻璃制品 |
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2014
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- 2014-11-25 BR BR112016011361-6A patent/BR112016011361B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2014-11-25 CN CN201480002528.0A patent/CN104822526A/zh active Pending
- 2014-11-25 EP EP14821742.5A patent/EP3074223A1/fr active Pending
- 2014-11-25 US US15/039,478 patent/US9994001B2/en active Active
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- 2014-11-25 EA EA201691096A patent/EA031258B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
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CA2930238C (fr) | 2022-01-04 |
CN104822526A (zh) | 2015-08-05 |
KR102308413B1 (ko) | 2021-10-05 |
MX2016006557A (es) | 2016-08-03 |
CA2930238A1 (fr) | 2015-06-04 |
US20170210097A1 (en) | 2017-07-27 |
US9994001B2 (en) | 2018-06-12 |
WO2015079159A1 (fr) | 2015-06-04 |
JP2017504549A (ja) | 2017-02-09 |
JP3234647U (ja) | 2021-10-28 |
EP3074223A1 (fr) | 2016-10-05 |
FR3013631A1 (fr) | 2015-05-29 |
EA201691096A1 (ru) | 2016-09-30 |
KR20160090816A (ko) | 2016-08-01 |
FR3013631B1 (fr) | 2017-04-28 |
EA031258B1 (ru) | 2018-12-28 |
BR112016011361A2 (pt) | 2017-08-08 |
BR112016011361B1 (pt) | 2021-12-28 |
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