CN110000335B - Casting method of impeller - Google Patents
Casting method of impeller Download PDFInfo
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- CN110000335B CN110000335B CN201910394320.2A CN201910394320A CN110000335B CN 110000335 B CN110000335 B CN 110000335B CN 201910394320 A CN201910394320 A CN 201910394320A CN 110000335 B CN110000335 B CN 110000335B
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- impeller
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
- B22C1/22—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns
- B22C9/046—Use of patterns which are eliminated by the liquid metal in the mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/22—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings
- B22C9/28—Moulds for peculiarly-shaped castings for wheels, rolls, or rollers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical part casting, and particularly discloses a casting method of an impeller. The casting method of the impeller comprises the following process steps: a. placing the EPS beads into a mold, and steaming and forming to obtain an impeller lost foam model; b. uniformly mixing the reinforced particles, EPS beads and the adhesive, and adding the mixture into an impeller cavity in an impeller lost foam model; c. and connecting the pouring system with the cavity of the evaporative pattern casting impeller model, coating refractory paint on the surfaces of the pouring system and the evaporative pattern casting impeller model, putting the evaporative pattern casting impeller model and the evaporative pattern casting impeller model into a sand box, pumping negative pressure, pouring molten metal along the pouring system, and cooling to obtain the composite impeller containing the reinforced particles. The impeller obtained by the impeller casting method has the advantages that the yield, the wear resistance and the service life are greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of casting of mechanical parts, in particular to a casting method of an impeller.
Background
The abrasion is one of the main forms of mechanical part failure, according to incomplete statistics, about 80% of part failure is caused by abrasion, about one third of energy is consumed by material abrasion, and the abrasion of abrasive material correspondingly accounts for 50% of the material abrasion. In abrasive wear, low stress erosion wear accounts for a certain proportion. The low-stress erosion abrasion refers to the abrasion of material loss caused by the impact of solid particles on the surface of the material, and is widely applied to modern industrial production, such as the abrasion of flow passage parts and pipelines of slurry pumps for conveying ore pulp in mine beneficiation, the abrasion of spiral blades, pipelines and valves of ash pumps for conveying coal ash in thermal power plants, the abrasion of flame nozzles, the abrasion of stirring blades and guard plates in concrete and asphalt mixers, the abrasion of spiral blades of spiral conveyors of asphalt pavers and the like. Therefore, research and development of novel materials with excellent performance and great improvement of the service life of the easily worn parts are important issues which are generally concerned and urgently needed to be solved by researchers at home and abroad.
The lost foam casting technology is an environment-friendly advanced casting technology, is high in casting precision, nearly has no allowance, does not need to take a mold, does not have a sand core, does not have burrs and fins, can reduce the size error caused by core combination, is flexible in design, is particularly suitable for castings with complex height structures, is clean in production environment, and is gradually applied to the domestic casting industry and enterprises due to the advantage of low investment and high efficiency. In the impeller manufacturing process, the added reinforced particles in the composite material improve the wear resistance of the material to a certain extent, but the toughness is reduced to a certain extent; and the impeller comprises helical blades and a cavity in the middle, the shape and the structure of the impeller are complex, the shape of the blade part is slender and thin, the density difference between reinforced particles and EPS beads is large in the process of manufacturing the lost foam model, so that the blades of the cast impeller lost foam model are extremely easy to damage and break in the demolding process, the yield is low, and the production efficiency is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a casting method of an impeller, aiming at the problems that the existing impeller is high in wear rate, short in service life and complex in casting method, a composite material impeller is prepared by using a lost foam process, the production efficiency is low, blades are not easy to form and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the embodiment of the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the casting method of the impeller comprises the following process steps:
a. placing the EPS beads into a mold, and molding to obtain an impeller lost foam model;
b. mixing the EPS beads, the reinforcing particles and the adhesive uniformly, and adding the mixture into an impeller cavity in an impeller lost foam model;
c. and connecting the pouring system with the cavity of the evaporative pattern casting impeller model, coating refractory paint on the surfaces of the pouring system and the evaporative pattern casting impeller model, putting the evaporative pattern casting impeller model and the evaporative pattern casting impeller model into a sand box, pumping negative pressure, pouring molten metal along the pouring system, and cooling to obtain the composite impeller containing the reinforced particles.
Compared with the prior art, the casting method of the impeller provided by the invention comprises the steps of firstly preparing an impeller lost foam model by using EPS beads, then mixing a certain proportion of reinforcing particles with the EPS beads and a binding agent, then putting the mixture into an impeller cavity of the impeller lost foam model, enabling metal liquid to enter the cavity of the impeller lost foam model through a pouring system, enabling the EPS beads in the impeller cavity and the lost foam model to be gasified and lost through the high-temperature action of the metal liquid, enabling the reinforcing particles in the cavity to enter each part of the impeller under the scouring action of the metal liquid, enabling the reinforcing particles to be uniformly distributed in each part of the impeller, filling gaps left after the EPS gasification and loss by the metal liquid, and forming the composite impeller after cooling, wherein the impeller has strong toughness and high integral wear resistance of blades due to the special distribution form of the reinforcing particles, greatly enhancing the working time of the impeller, and reducing the wear and breakage rate of the blades, the service life of the impeller is prolonged; meanwhile, the conditions that the blade is frequently broken and the forming rate is low in the processes of removing the die and other operations due to the fact that the density difference between the reinforced particles and the EPS beads is large in the process of directly mixing the reinforced particles, the EPS beads and the adhesive to prepare the lost foam model are avoided. Therefore, the impeller cavity indirectly adds the reinforcing particles into the impeller blades, and the special distribution form of the reinforcing particles improves the working strength and the service life of the impeller, greatly improves the manufacturing efficiency of the impeller and reduces the manufacturing difficulty.
Preferably, the molding conditions in step a are: introducing steam at 110-130 deg.C for 2-3 min.
Preferably, in the step b, the reinforcing particles are added in an amount of 9-10% by volume of the impeller.
Preferably, in the step b, the adhesive is obtained by dissolving a composition consisting of phenolic resin and rosin in a mass ratio of 6-8:3 into absolute ethyl alcohol, and the concentration of the composition in the adhesive is 0.1-0.3 g/ml.
The phenolic resin and the rosin are dissolved in the absolute ethyl alcohol to serve as the adhesive, and the adhesive is free of any residue after high-temperature molten metal is poured while a good bonding effect is guaranteed, so that the phenomenon that the work strength of a casting is reduced due to slag inclusion of the casting is avoided, and the like.
Preferably, the reinforcing particles in step b are one of TiC, SiC and WC.
Preferably, the reinforcing particles in step b have a particle size of 6.5 to 23 μm.
Preferably, in the step b, the adding amount of the adhesive accounts for 10-15% of the volume of the reinforcing particles, and the volume of the reinforcing particles, the adhesive and the EPS beads after mixing is the same as the volume of the cavity of the impeller; the mixing conditions of the reinforcing particles, the binder and the EPS beads were: stirring for 30-50s at 200 r/min.
Wherein, the organic adhesive is added on the surface of the EPS beads and is uniformly mixed with the reinforced particles, and the reinforced particles can be fully coated on the surface of the EPS beads by stirring for 30-50s at the speed of 120-200 r/min.
Preferably, the method for connecting the gating system and the impeller cavity in the step c comprises the following steps: the impeller cavity is closed with a foam plate and then the runner of the gating system is bonded to the outside of the foam plate.
Preferably, the refractory coating in step c is applied by the following process: after the refractory coating is coated, drying is carried out at the drying temperature of 50-60 ℃, and the drying is repeated for three times, wherein the drying time is 7-8h each time.
Preferably, the casting process in the step c is carried out at a negative pressure of 0.03-0.06MPa, a casting temperature of 1410-1470 ℃ and a casting speed of 14-16mm · s-1。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the evaporative pattern casting impeller model after being connected with a casting system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
The casting method of the impeller comprises the following process steps:
a. filling EPS beads into a cavity of an impeller mold by using special equipment for a lost foam pattern, introducing steam at 110 ℃, steaming for 2min, introducing cooling water to cool the mold after molding, and taking out the obtained impeller lost foam model 1;
b. stirring WC reinforced particles accounting for 9% of the volume of the impeller and having the particle size of 23 mu m, EPS beads and an adhesive in a stirring mixer at 120r/min for 30s, wherein the adhesive is obtained by dissolving a composition consisting of phenolic resin and rosin in a mass ratio of 6:3 into absolute ethyl alcohol, the concentration of the composition is 0.1g/ml, the addition amount of the adhesive accounts for 10% of the volume of the WC reinforced particles, the volume of the mixed WC reinforced particles, the mixed adhesive and the EPS beads is the same as that of an impeller cavity 2, and adding the mixed WC, the mixed adhesive and the EPS beads into an impeller cavity 2 in the center of the impeller;
c. sealing the impeller cavity 2 by using a foam plate 4, and then bonding a cross runner of the pouring system 3 to the outer side of the foam plate 4; coating refractory paint on the surfaces of a pouring system and the impeller lost foam model 1, drying at the drying temperature of 50 ℃, and repeating for three times, wherein the drying time is 7 hours each time; placing the impeller lost foam model 1 bonded with the pouring system into a sand box, adding sand and jolting, vacuumizing to negative pressure of 0.03MPa, pouring molten iron along the pouring system 3 at 1410 ℃ and at 14mm s-1And cooling to obtain the composite material impeller containing the reinforced particles.
Through statistics, compared with the manufacturing method for directly mixing the reinforced particles and the EPS beads to manufacture the impeller lost foam model, the composite material impeller cast by the method disclosed by the embodiment has the advantages that the yield is improved by 30%, the service life is prolonged by 17%, and the production efficiency is improved.
Example 2
The casting method of the impeller comprises the following process steps:
a. filling EPS beads into a cavity of an impeller mold by using special equipment for a lost foam pattern, introducing water vapor at 120 ℃, steaming for 3min, introducing cooling water to cool the mold after molding, and taking out the obtained lost foam pattern of the impeller;
b. mixing TiC reinforced particles accounting for 9% of the volume of the impeller and having the particle size of 6.5 microns, EPS beads and an adhesive in a stirring mixer at a speed of 150r/min for 40s, wherein the adhesive is obtained by dissolving a composition consisting of phenolic resin and rosin in a mass ratio of 7:3 into absolute ethyl alcohol, the concentration of the composition is 0.2g/ml, the adding amount of the adhesive accounts for 12% of the volume of the TiC reinforced particles, the volume of the mixed TiC reinforced particles, the adhesive and the EPS beads is the same as that of an impeller cavity 2, and the mixed TiC, the adhesive and the EPS beads are added into an impeller cavity 2 in the center of the impeller;
c. sealing the impeller cavity 2 by using a foam plate 4, and then bonding a cross runner of the pouring system 3 to the outer side of the foam plate 4; coating refractory paint on the surfaces of a pouring system and the impeller lost foam model 1, drying at the drying temperature of 55 ℃, and repeating for three times, wherein the drying time is 7 hours each time; placing the impeller 1 lost foam model bonded with the pouring system into a sand box, adding sand and jolting, vacuumizing to negative pressure of 0.05MPa, pouring molten iron along the pouring system 3 at 1450 ℃ and 15mm s at the pouring speed-1And cooling to obtain the composite material impeller containing the reinforced particles.
Through statistics, compared with the manufacturing method for directly mixing the reinforced particles and the EPS beads to prepare the lost foam model of the impeller, the composite impeller cast by the method disclosed by the embodiment has the advantages that the yield is improved by 33%, the service life is prolonged by 21%, and the production efficiency is improved.
Example 3
The casting method of the impeller comprises the following process steps:
a. filling EPS beads into a cavity of an impeller mold by using special equipment for a lost foam pattern, introducing water vapor with the temperature of 130 ℃, steaming for 2min, introducing cooling water to cool the mold after molding, and taking out the obtained impeller lost foam model 1;
b. stirring SiC reinforced particles which account for 10 percent of the volume of the impeller and have the particle size of 13 mu m, EPS beads and an adhesive for 50s at 200r/min in a stirring mixer, wherein the adhesive is obtained by dissolving a composition consisting of phenolic resin and rosin in a mass ratio of 8:3 into absolute ethyl alcohol, the concentration of the composition is 0.3g/ml, the addition of the adhesive accounts for 15 percent of the volume of the SiC reinforced particles, and the volume of the mixture of the SiC reinforced particles, the adhesive and the EPS beads is the same as that of an impeller cavity 2, and adding the mixed SiC, the adhesive and the EPS beads into an impeller cavity 2 in the center of the impeller;
c. sealing the impeller cavity 2 by using a foam plate 4, and then bonding a cross runner of the pouring system 3 to the outer side of the foam plate 4; coating refractory paint on the surfaces of a pouring system and the impeller lost foam model 1, drying at the drying temperature of 60 ℃, and repeating for three times, wherein the drying time is 8 hours each time; placing the impeller lost foam model 1 with the bonded pouring system into a sand box, adding sand and jolting, vacuumizing and carrying out negative pressure till the negative pressure is 0.06MPa, pouring molten iron along the pouring system 3, wherein the pouring temperature is 1470 ℃, and the pouring speed is 16mm s-1And cooling to obtain the composite material impeller containing the reinforced particles.
Through statistics, compared with the manufacturing method for directly mixing the reinforced particles and the EPS beads to prepare the lost foam impeller model, the yield of the composite impeller cast by the method is improved by 31%, the service life of the composite impeller is prolonged by 18%, and the production efficiency is improved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A casting method of an impeller is characterized in that: the method comprises the following process steps:
a. placing the EPS beads into a mold, and molding to obtain an impeller lost foam model;
b. uniformly mixing EPS beads with the reinforcing particles and the adhesive, and adding the EPS beads into an impeller cavity in an impeller lost foam model;
c. and connecting the pouring system with the cavity of the evaporative pattern casting impeller model, coating refractory paint on the surfaces of the pouring system and the evaporative pattern casting impeller model, putting the evaporative pattern casting impeller model and the evaporative pattern casting impeller model into a sand box, pumping negative pressure, pouring molten metal along the pouring system, and cooling to obtain the composite impeller containing the reinforced particles.
2. The method of casting an impeller according to claim 1, wherein: the molding conditions in the step a are as follows: introducing steam at 110-130 deg.C for 2-3 min.
3. The method of casting an impeller according to claim 1, wherein: in the step b, the adding amount of the reinforcing particles accounts for 9-10% of the volume of the impeller.
4. The method of casting an impeller according to claim 1, wherein: in the step b, the adhesive is obtained by dissolving a composition consisting of phenolic resin and rosin in a mass ratio of 6-8:3 into absolute ethyl alcohol, and the concentration of the composition in the adhesive is 0.1-0.3 g/ml.
5. The method of casting an impeller according to claim 1, wherein: and the reinforced particles in the step b are one of TiC, SiC and WC.
6. The method of casting an impeller according to claim 5, wherein: the particle size of the reinforcing particles in the step b is 6.5-23 μm.
7. The method of casting an impeller according to claim 1, wherein: in the step b, the adding amount of the adhesive accounts for 10-15% of the volume of the reinforced particles, and the volume of the reinforced particles, the adhesive and the EPS beads after mixing is the same as the volume of the impeller cavity; the mixing conditions of the reinforcing particles, the binder and the EPS beads were: stirring at 200r/min for 30-50s at 120-.
8. The method of casting an impeller according to claim 1, wherein: the method for connecting the gating system and the impeller cavity in the step c comprises the following steps: the impeller cavity is closed with a foam plate and then the runner of the gating system is bonded to the outside of the foam plate.
9. The method of casting an impeller according to claim 1, wherein: the coating process of the refractory coating in the step c is as follows: after the refractory coating is coated, drying is carried out at the drying temperature of 50-60 ℃, and the drying is repeated for three times, wherein the drying time is 7-8h each time.
10. The method of casting an impeller according to claim 1, wherein: the casting process in the step c is carried out under the condition that the negative pressure is 0.03-0.06MPa, the casting temperature is 1410-1470 ℃, and the casting speed is 14-16mm & s-1。
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| CN111922287B (en) * | 2020-08-29 | 2021-05-07 | 晋城市金工铸业有限公司 | Lost foam casting process by open diversion method |
| CN112338144B (en) * | 2020-10-27 | 2022-04-22 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | Investment precision casting method for open impeller of titanium alloy |
| CN112916804A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 海安海太铸造有限公司 | Casting process for integrally casting large nodular cast iron impeller of vacuum pump |
| CN114799063B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2024-03-22 | 河北科技大学 | Preparation method of titanium carbonitride and chromium carbide synergistically reinforced iron-based composite impeller |
| CN114807663B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-10-18 | 河北科技大学 | Preparation method of iron-based composite volute cooperatively enhanced by aluminum oxide and chromium carbide |
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| JP2000288681A (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-10-17 | Kubota Corp | Production of cast material provided with ceramic-metal composite layer |
| CN1191895C (en) * | 2002-05-28 | 2005-03-09 | 江苏省机电研究所有限公司 | Prepn of particle-reinforced composite material |
| CN101698230B (en) * | 2009-10-24 | 2011-12-14 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Method for preparing surface composite sinterer grate bars |
| CN101837444B (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-12-21 | 西安建筑科技大学 | High manganese steel Sic ceramic particles composite preparation method |
| CN102489686B (en) * | 2011-12-28 | 2015-03-11 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing ceramic particle enhanced steel-base composite material cast by evaporative pattern casting die |
| CN102744689B (en) * | 2012-06-28 | 2015-04-15 | 华侨大学 | Method for producing high-strength cast iron-based cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheel |
| CN103203428B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2015-08-12 | 北京电力设备总厂有限公司 | Lost foam casting composite wear-resistant part and casting method thereof |
| CN104384450A (en) * | 2014-12-03 | 2015-03-04 | 马丁·威廉·贝茨 | Method for implanting tungsten carbide in specific area of mould |
| CN107214319B (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2020-10-27 | 昆明理工大学 | Preparation method of particle-reinforced metal matrix composite material |
| CN109465386B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2021-01-22 | 河北科技大学 | TiCp/EPS lost foam preparation and steel-based composite material process thereof |
| CN109482813B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-12-01 | 河北科技大学 | WCp/EPS lost foam pattern and WCp/Fe composite material preparation |
| CN109465387B (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-09-15 | 河北科技大学 | SiCp/EPS lost foam and SiCp/Al casting forming process |
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