CN103394671B - The preparation technology of lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material - Google Patents
The preparation technology of lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of preparation technology of lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material, comprise the evaporative pattern apperance used in preparation technology, comprise the steps: to prepare water based paint, prepare the raw material choose of water based paint: SiC particle, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC, weigh SiC particle, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC by weight; Obtained water based paint is coated in evaporative pattern apperance surface; Evaporative pattern apperance after coating is put into drying chamber baking, and water based paint is finally coated with common lost foam cast steel coating after being coated with and hanging up properly, and dries.Group case, dry sand vibration molding; Cast.The SiC particle that the present invention uses can strengthen potassium steel composite surface material good application prospect; WC particle, intensity is high, and the composite surface material wearability of preparation is good.The present invention can significantly improve potassium steel surface abrasion resistance, improves the service life of part.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of technology of composite lost foam casting of metal forming field, particularly relate to a kind of preparation technology of lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material.
Background technology
High-abrasive material occupies sizable proportion in the consumption of the industrial circle financial cost such as metallurgical mine, building materials, thermal power generation, equipment manufacturing.The data of Beijing in 2004 friction subjects and engineering fronts seminar shows, abrasion loss 1/3rd of world's primary energy.The economic loss that China causes because wearing and tearing every year is more than 1,000 hundred million yuans, and only abrasive wear will consume more than 300 ten thousand tons of metal wear resistant materials every year, and also increase with the speed of annual 15%.Promote material to many-sided development such as high abrasion, high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, antifatigue, be a vital task urgently to be resolved hurrily, there is important economic implications and social effect.
Composite is that it can play the performance advantage of the different materials such as metal, pottery by a kind of heterogeneous material of the combination of materials of two or more physics and chemistry different in kind, meets special performance and function.Composite technology of preparing is combined with material surface engineering technolog, on the basis not changing matrix material performance, gives material surface property and function, reach the object improving combination property.The appearance of composite largely solves the current problems faced of material, advances the progress of material.Metal cast composites has excellent physical property and mechanical property, not only can apply on aerospace industries, also can apply in the civilian industries such as automobile, mine, equipment manufacturing.Prepare steel-based composite surface material with casting, technique is unique, with low cost, has become one of the most rising composite material and preparation method thereof, has had broad application prospects.
At present, the preparation method of cast steel and iron based surface composite material mainly contains phenolic sand molding, VRH method-vacuum displacement hardening molding, casting infiltration, centre spinning and self-propagating (SHS) centre spinning, for most of foundry goods, due to complex-shaped, therefore, casting infiltration application is more extensive.
Phenolic sand molding technique adopt bonded adhesive at normal temperatures with curing agent generation chemical reaction and solidify molding sand, its sand mold need not be dried.Compared with common sodium silicate molding, greatly can improve presentation quality and the dimensional accuracy of foundry goods; But Modeling Material cost is high.The sand reclaim equiment needing a set of complexity is supporting, has a certain amount of irritative gas discharge and pollute behaviour's operating environment during production.
VRH method-vacuum displacement hardening molding is at water-glass sand CO
2the basis of air blowing hardening process is developed.This method is comparatively suitable for traditional CO
2the technological transformation of water virus, less investment, instant effect, but be difficult to overcome the poor situation of old technique surface quality of continuous castings, and still need the process reclaimer of a whole set of water-glass sand.Be mainly used in the Steel Castings of small lot at present.
Casting is oozed also known as On Surface Alloying During Casting, and realize cast(ing) surface modification by foundry engieering and strengthening through metallurgy technology, casting infiltration is divided into common technology of infiltration casting, pressure technology of infiltration casting, evaporative pattern negative pressure technology of infiltration casting.
Common technology of infiltration casting is that the alloy powder configured and binding agent, flux are mixed with coating, paste or prefabricated section, then brushes, sticks, is fixed on the surface of casting mold (core), pour into a mould after casting mold drying.Molten metal to stratum granulosum infiltration, produces the effect of physics and chemistry under gravity, forms the foundry goods with composite bed surface.The advantage of this technique is: technique is simple, and equipment investment is few, and production cost is low, and general be suitable for produces surface abrasion resistance foundry goods more.But it easily produces pore and slag inclusion, and quality layer stability has much room for improvement; Another one problem is, seems helpless for the preparation strengthening particle and the poor casting of matrix wettability and ooze composite bed.
Pressure technology of infiltration casting is put in preheated die casting by pre-made powder pressed compact or powder, and high temperature alloy liquid of then casting, then directly applies pressure on aluminium alloy surface, and aluminium alloy is infiltrated in pressed compact or powder bed.It is the angle of wetting enhancing particle and aluminium alloy that pressure casts the advantage of oozing, but the parent metal adopted due to casting infiltration mostly is cast iron or cast steel, and is high temperature alloy liquid, and practical operation gets up to have certain difficulty and restriction, die life is also shorter, and production cost is high.
Lost foam casting composite surface material technique is coated in by the alloy coating prepared on the cast model made with expandable polystyrene, and brushing refractory material also, after drying, uses dry sand vibration molding.When aluminium alloy fills type, high temperature alloy liquid decomposition gasification met by organic binder bonds in Foam Pattern and surface alloying coating layer etc., the gas produced overflows under the effect of negative pressure draft from coating space, high-temperature liquid metal is under the effects such as capillary force, negative-pressure sucking, iron hydrostatic pressure power, infiltrate to alloy powder space, alloy powder particle melting, decomposition and diffusion, final combination with mother liquor forms the foundry goods that surface has property.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the many deficiencies for prior art, there is provided a kind of technological operation convenient, technological process is short, energy consumption is low, be easy to realize suitability for industrialized production, especially the anti-wear performance of potassium steel can be significantly improved, the lost foam casting potassium steel composite surface material preparation technology increased the service life.
Realize above-mentioned purpose by the following technical solutions:
A preparation technology for lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material, comprises the evaporative pattern apperance used in preparation technology, it is characterized in that: its preparation technology comprises the steps:
Step 1: prepare water based paint: the raw material preparing water based paint is: SiC particle, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC, weigh SiC particle, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC by weight, the SiC particle weighed, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC are put into ball mill mixing 15 ~ 20min, obtain mixture, mixture is poured out from ball mill, the polyvinyl alcohol water solution adding 8% according to the weight of mixture in mixture is uniformly mixed, obtained SiC water based paint;
Step 2: obtained SiC water based paint is coated in evaporative pattern apperance surface;
Step 3: the evaporative pattern apperance after coating is put into drying chamber baking, and baking temperature 50 ~ 55 DEG C, the relative humidity of drying chamber is less than or equal to 30%.
Step 4:SiC water based paint is finally coated with common lost foam cast steel coating after being coated with and hanging up properly, and dries.
Step 5: group case, dry sand vibration molding;
Step 6: pouring temperature 1390-1460 DEG C, negative pressure 0.050-0.055MPa, pressurize 10 minutes, be poured insulation 8 hours, mould turnover, knockout, obtain test block;
Step 7: water-tenacity treatment is carried out to test block, heating-up temperature 1050 DEG C-1100 DEG C, temperature retention time 1-3h;
Step 8: mechanical property, composition detection and structure observation are carried out to test block.
Further, the SiC particle preparing water based paint also can select WC particle.
Further, the described raw material weight number preparing water based paint is: SiC particle or WC particle 40-65 part, ferrochrome powder 35-55 part, rare earth 0.2-0.5 part, EPS bead 0.0-0.3 part, CMC0.1-0.3 part.
Further, the described raw material weight number preparing water based paint is: WC particle 40-65 part, ferrochrome powder 35-55 part, rare earth 0.2-0.5 part, EPS bead 0.0-0.3 part, CMC0.1-0.3 part.
Further, the granularity of SiC or WC particle is 20-80 order.
Further, described water based paint covers evaporative pattern apperance surface uniformly, and water based paint layer thickness is 3-4mm.
Further, water based paint covers after evaporative pattern apperance surface dries uniformly, is coated with common lost foam cast steel coating, dries on the surface of water based paint layer.
Further, described common lost foam cast steel thickness of coating layer is: 0.3-1.0mm.
Further, described common lost foam cast steel dope layer is applied by the YQ steel moulder's paint that market is bought.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, remarkable result of the present invention is:
The present invention adopts evaporative pattern dry sand vacuum pressing and casting legal system for potassium steel composite surface material, is a kind of novel metal surface composite material preparation process.The present invention mainly adopts the auxiliary materials such as SiC particle, high carbon ferro-chrome powder particles and binding agent, additive, penetration-assisting agent and suspending agent, and SiC particle source is wide, low price, and therefore, SiC particle reinforce potassium steel composite surface material has good application prospect; WC particle, intensity is high, and the composite surface material wearability of preparation is good.The present invention is workable, production cost is low, production efficiency is high, both can the coating of whole part, also can according to the applying working condition topical application of part, be easy to realize suitability for industrialized production, especially the anti-wear performance of part is significantly improved, extend the service life of part, energy-saving and cost-reducing, the national strategic policy of compound China sustainable development.
Composite surface material prepared by this technique and substrate combinating strength high, strengthen even particle distribution, cast product surface layer carbon content showed increased, carbide increasing number.
The weight that sample block alleviates after impact wear, 3.76 times of matrix to be the wearability of 1.0159g, SiC particle reinforce composite surface material 0.2705, SiC particle reinforce high-manganese steel-base composite surface material be approximately protocorm.The wearability of SiC particle reinforce composite surface material 0.4003, SiC particle reinforce composite surface material is approximately 2.54 times of protocorm.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the austenite structure metallograph after potassium steel does not add composite water-tenacity treatment.
Fig. 2 is SiC grain graininess is 20-30 order, metallographic structure figure during EPS addition 0.2 part after composite surface material test block water-tenacity treatment.A transition zone, b composite bed in figure.In figure, white portion is austenite, and black part is due to SiC particle breakdown, causes graphitization.
Fig. 3 is WC particle granularity is 40-60 order, metallographic structure figure during EPS addition 0.3 part after composite surface material test block water-tenacity treatment.Transition zone a, composite bed b in figure.On the left of figure a, white portion is austenite, and the little cake mass of white on the right side of figure a and in figure b is the WC particle added.
Fig. 4 is WC particle granularity is 60-80 order, metallographic structure figure during EPS addition 0% after composite surface material test block water-tenacity treatment.Transition zone a, composite bed b in figure.On the left of figure a, white portion is austenite, and the little cake mass of white on the right side of figure a and in figure b is the WC particle added.
Fig. 5 is the tup schematic diagram prepared with the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of preparation of lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material
Technique, this preparation technology comprise composite proportioning, mixed to make, be coated with, dry, the technological process of lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material, pouring technology, Technology for Heating Processing.Specific embodiment is as follows:
Embodiment 1
The technique utilizing the present invention to prepare the composite surface material test block of SiC particle reinforce potassium steel and test specimen comprises the steps:
The first step: get SiC particle 55 parts, 44 parts, ferrochrome powder, rare earth 0.5 part, EPS bead 0.2 part, CMC0.3 part according to parts by weight, put into ball mill mixing 15 ~ 20min, after mixing, mixture is poured out from ball mill, according to the weight of mixture, each hundred jin of mixture adds the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 8%, is mixed by mixture, obtain SiC water based paint with polyvinyl alcohol water solution.
Second step: SiC water based paint is coated in evaporative pattern apperance surface, SiC water based paint must cover apperance uniformly, does not lack and is coated with, the phenomenon of trickling or entrained air bubbles.
3rd step: toast evaporative pattern apperance after upper SiC water based paint, baking temperature is 50 ~ 55 DEG C, for reaching best drying condition, controlling drying chamber humidity, requiring that relative humidity should not be greater than 30%.
4th step: SiC water based paint layer thickness, at about 3-4mm, will brush twice altogether, before each brushing SiC water based paint, evaporative pattern apperance dries 3-4 days.
5th step: SiC water based paint is finally coated with common lost foam cast steel coating after being coated with and hanging up properly, and common lost foam cast steel coating adopts YQ steel moulder's paint, and common lost foam cast steel thickness of coating layer is 0.3-1.0mm, evaporative pattern apperance is dried.
6th step: by evaporative pattern apperance group case, use dry sand vibration molding.
7th step: cast group case, pouring temperature 1390-1460 DEG C, negative pressure 0.050-0.055MPa, pressurize 10 minutes, be poured insulation 8 hours, mould turnover, knockout, obtain test block.
8th step: water-tenacity treatment is carried out to test block, heating-up temperature 1050 DEG C-1100 DEG C, temperature retention time 1-3h;
9th step: mechanical property, composition detection and structure observation are carried out to test block.
Test block measurement result is as follows:
From above-mentioned test block, cut sample, measure performance, composition observe its metallographic structure.Experimental data and the metallographic structure of acquisition are as follows:
The wear-resisting data of table 1SiC particle reinforce composite surface material test block
Table 2 is 20-30 order SiC(carborundum), during EPS addition 20%, apart from the chemical composition of specimen surface diverse location composite bed.
Table 2 is apart from the chemical composition of specimen surface diverse location composite bed
Metallograph is shown in Fig. 2, and Fig. 2 is SiC grain graininess is 20-30 order, metallographic structure figure during EPS addition 20% after composite surface material water-tenacity treatment.A transition zone, b composite bed in figure.In figure, white portion is austenite, and black part is due to SiC particle breakdown, causes graphitization.
Table 3 is carborundum is 70-80 order, during EPS addition 0%, apart from the chemical composition of specimen surface diverse location composite bed.
Table 3 is apart from the chemical composition of specimen surface diverse location composite bed
Embodiment 2
The technique utilizing the present invention to prepare WC particle enhancing potassium steel composite surface material test block and test specimen comprises the steps:
The first step: get WC particle 63 parts, 36 parts, ferrochrome powder, rare earth 0.4 part, EPS bead 0.3 part, the mixing of CMC0.3 part according to parts by weight, WC particle, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC are put into ball mill mixing 15 ~ 20min, after mixing, mixture is poured out from ball mill, according to the weight of mixture, each hundred jin of mixture adds the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 8%, is mixed by mixture, obtain WC water based paint with polyvinyl alcohol water solution.
Second step: WC water based paint is coated in evaporative pattern apperance surface, WC water based paint must cover apperance uniformly, does not lack and is coated with, the phenomenon of trickling or entrained air bubbles.
3rd step: toast after evaporative pattern apperance brushing WC water based paint, baking temperature is 50 ~ 55 DEG C, for reaching best drying condition, also should control drying chamber humidity, requiring that relative humidity should not be greater than 30%.
4th step: WC water based paint layer thickness, at about 3-4mm, must parch before each brushing.
5th step: WC water based paint is finally coated with common lost foam cast steel coating after being coated with and hanging up properly, and dries.
6th step: by evaporative pattern apperance group case, use dry sand vibration molding.
7th step: cast group case, pouring temperature 1390-1460 DEG C, negative pressure 0.050-0.055MPa, pressurize 10 minutes, be poured insulation 8 hours, mould turnover, knockout, obtain test block.
8th step: water-tenacity treatment is carried out to test block, heating-up temperature 1050 DEG C-1100 DEG C, temperature retention time 1-3h;
9th step: mechanical property, composition detection and structure observation are carried out to test block.
Test block measurement result is as follows:
From above-mentioned test block, cut sample, measure performance, composition observe its metallographic structure.Experimental data and the metallographic structure of acquisition are as follows:
Table 4 is that WC particle strengthens the wear-resisting data of composite surface material test block.
The wear-resisting data of table 4WC particle reinforce composite surface material test block
| WC/ order number | Weight/g that after wearing and tearing, test block alleviates | Wearing-in period/min | Revolution/r |
| 40-60 | 0.2705 | 240 | 24959 |
| 60-80 | 0.3935 | 240 | 24959 |
| Matrix | 1.0159 | 240 | 24959 |
Table 5 is 60-80 order WC, during EPS addition 0%, apart from the chemical composition of specimen surface diverse location composite bed.
Table 5 is apart from the chemical composition of specimen surface diverse location composite bed
Fig. 3 is WC particle granularity is 40-60 order, metallographic structure figure during EPS addition 0.3 part after composite surface material test block water-tenacity treatment.Transition zone a, composite bed b in figure.On the left of figure a, white portion is austenite, and the little cake mass of white on the right side of figure a and in figure b is the WC particle added.
Fig. 4 is WC particle granularity is 60-80 order, metallographic structure figure during EPS addition 0% after composite surface material test block water-tenacity treatment.Transition zone a, composite bed b in figure.On the left of figure a, white portion is austenite, and the little cake mass of white on the right side of figure a and in figure b is the WC particle added.
Embodiment 3 techniques are for the preparation of tup embodiment
The technique utilizing this technique to prepare SiC particle reinforce potassium steel composite surface material tup comprises the steps:
The first step: SiC particle, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC are weighed by weight, SiC particle 55 parts, 44 parts, ferrochrome powder, rare earth 0.5 part, EPS bead 0.2 part, CMC0.3 part, put into ball mill mixing 15 ~ 20min, after mixing, mixture is poured out from ball mill, then the polyvinyl alcohol water solution adding 8% mixes.
Second step: SiC water based paint is coated in tup evaporative pattern apperance surface, coating must cover apperance uniformly, does not lack and is coated with, the phenomenon of trickling or entrained air bubbles.
3rd step: coat the baking temperature 50 ~ 55 DEG C of rear tup apperance, for reaching best drying condition, controlling drying chamber humidity, requiring that relative humidity should not be greater than 30%.
4th step: tup pattern finish layer thickness, at 4mm, must parch before each brushing.
5th step: SiC water based paint is finally coated with common lost foam cast steel coating after being coated with and hanging up properly, and dries.
6th step: group case, dry sand vibration molding.
7th step: pouring temperature 1390-1460 DEG C, negative pressure 0.050-0.055MPa, pressurize 10 minutes, is poured insulation 8 hours, mould turnover, knockout.
8th step: water-tenacity treatment is carried out to tup.
Utilize this technique to prepare WC particle and strengthen the technique of potassium steel composite surface material tup with embodiment 3.
Above-described embodiment only have expressed one embodiment of the present invention, but therefore can not be interpreted as limitation of the scope of the invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a preparation technology for lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material, comprises the evaporative pattern apperance used in preparation technology, it is characterized in that: its preparation technology comprises the steps:
Step 1: prepare water based paint: the raw material preparing water based paint is: SiC particle, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC, weigh SiC particle by weight, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC, by the SiC particle 55 parts weighed, ferrochrome powder 35-55 part, rare earth 0.2-0.5 part, EPS bead 0.2-0.3 part, CMC0.1-0.3 part puts into ball mill mixing 15 ~ 20min, obtain mixture, mixture is poured out from ball mill, the polyvinyl alcohol water solution adding 8% according to the weight of mixture in mixture is uniformly mixed, obtained SiC water based paint,
Step 2: obtained SiC water based paint is coated in evaporative pattern apperance surface;
Step 3: the evaporative pattern apperance after coating is put into drying chamber baking, baking temperature 50 ~ 55 DEG C, and the relative humidity of drying chamber is less than or equal to 30%;
Step 4:SiC water based paint is finally coated with common lost foam cast steel coating after being coated with and hanging up properly, and dries;
Step 5: group case, dry sand vibration molding;
Step 6: pouring temperature 1390-1460 DEG C, negative pressure 0.050-0.055MPa, pressurize 10 minutes, be poured insulation 8 hours, mould turnover, knockout, obtain test block;
Step 7: water-tenacity treatment is carried out to test block, heating-up temperature 1050 DEG C-1100 DEG C, temperature retention time 1-3h;
Step 8: mechanical property, composition detection and structure observation are carried out to test block.
2. the preparation technology of lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described water based paint covers evaporative pattern apperance surface uniformly, and water based paint layer thickness is 3-4mm.
3. a preparation technology for lost foam casting potassium steel abrasive-resistant composite surface material, is characterized in that: the SiC particle preparing water based paint also can select WC particle; Its preparation technology comprises the steps:
Step 1: get WC particle 63 parts, 36 parts, ferrochrome powder, rare earth 0.4 part, EPS bead 0.3 part, the mixing of CMC0.3 part according to parts by weight, WC particle, ferrochrome powder, rare earth, EPS bead, CMC are put into ball mill mixing 15 ~ 20min, after mixing, mixture is poured out from ball mill, according to the weight of mixture, each hundred jin of mixture adds the polyvinyl alcohol water solution of 8%, is mixed by mixture, obtain WC water based paint with polyvinyl alcohol water solution;
Step 2: obtained WC water based paint is coated in evaporative pattern apperance surface;
Step 3: the evaporative pattern apperance after coating is put into drying chamber baking, baking temperature 50 ~ 55 DEG C, and the relative humidity of drying chamber is less than or equal to 30%;
Step 4:WC water based paint is finally coated with common lost foam cast steel coating after being coated with and hanging up properly, and dries;
Step 5: group case, dry sand vibration molding;
Step 6: pouring temperature 1390-1460 DEG C, negative pressure 0.050-0.055MPa, pressurize 10 minutes, be poured insulation 8 hours, mould turnover, knockout, obtain test block;
Step 7: water-tenacity treatment is carried out to test block, heating-up temperature 1050 DEG C-1100 DEG C, temperature retention time 1-3h;
Step 8: mechanical property, composition detection and structure observation are carried out to test block.
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| WC颗粒增强高锰钢基表面复合材料组织和硬度的研究;高明星 等;《内蒙古科技大学学报》;20081231;第27卷(第4期);第1.1-1.2小节，附图2-6 * |
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