CN109997430A - 一种土壤改良剂撒施机及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种土壤改良剂撒施机及其使用方法,该土壤改良剂撒施机包括一车体、起垄器、固体料箱、两个螺旋钻、旋耕轮和覆膜机,车体前部设置有车斗,车斗上储存改良剂;固体料箱设置于螺旋钻的上方,车体与固体料箱之间通过进料履带连接;起垄器、螺旋钻、旋耕轮和覆膜机从后至前依次设置在车体的底部。本发明公开的土壤改良剂撒施机先利用起垄器起垄、再利用螺旋钻在深旋松耕的同时将改良剂施入垄上、然后利用旋耕轮旋耕、接着利用喷头喷入营养液或除草杀虫剂、最后利用覆膜机覆膜,不仅节省了改良剂用量,提高了土壤改良效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械技术领域,具体涉及一种土壤改良剂撒施机及其使用方法。
背景技术
我国约有盐碱地约0.27亿公顷,主要分布在东北、华北、西北的内陆区以及长江以北沿海地带,还存在大量正在或极易发生土壤次生盐渍化的广大区域。盐渍土由于土壤内大量盐分的积累,引起一系列土壤性状的恶化:土壤有机质遭到破坏而流失,养分缓慢释放,微量元素奇缺;土壤中微生物活动性差;土壤结构粘滞,通气性差,渗透系数低,毛细作用强,更导致表层土壤盐渍化的加剧,使作物根系遭受盐害而发育不良,难以吸收水分和营养物质,引起“生理干旱”和营养缺乏症,导致作物生长发育受到抑制,产量低、品质差,甚至死亡。
在盐碱地上种植农作物之前需要进行土壤改良,目前的盐碱地改良常见做法是先撒施改良剂再起垄,这种盐碱地改良方法容易引起改良剂分布不均匀,改良剂利用率低,土壤改良效率差,得到的土壤增肥效果不理想。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种土壤改良剂撒施机及其使用方法,用以解决目前改良剂利用率低、土壤改良效率差的问题。
本发明提供一种土壤改良剂撒施机,包括一车体,所述车体的中部设置有车斗,所述车斗用于储存固体改良剂,所述车体的前部设置有车架,所述车架的前端设置有覆膜装置,所述车架从后至前依次设置有起垄器、施固料装置、两个旋耕轮和施液料装置;所述施料装置包括进料履带、固体料箱和两个螺旋带孔钻,两个所述螺旋带孔钻分别设置于所述车架的底部的两侧且均位于所述起垄器前面,所述螺旋带孔钻的顶端从所述固体料箱的底部向上伸入至所述固体料箱内,所述固体料箱的顶端为开口,所述进料履带的两端分别设置于所述车斗和所述固体料箱的顶端的开口;两个所述旋耕轮分别设置于所述车架的底部的两侧且分别位于两个所述螺旋带孔钻的前面;所述施液料装置包括液态料箱、连接管和喷头,所述喷头设置于所述所述车架的底部且位于所述螺旋带孔钻与所述覆膜装置之间,所述液态料箱位于所述喷头的上方且设置于所述车架上,所述连接管的顶端与低端分别连通所述液态料箱和所述喷头。
优选地,所述起垄器包括两个起垄轮和一个起垄杠,所述起垄轮的侧面设置为弧形凸面,两个所述起垄轮设置于所述起垄杠的两端,且所述起垄轮的弧形凸面均设置于所述起垄器的内侧面。
优选地,所述螺旋带孔钻包括一根旋转管和一旋转凸壁,所述旋转管为中空管,所述旋转凸壁沿着所述旋转管的外壁螺旋设置,所述旋转管的管壁上间隔开设有多个管孔。
优选地,所述旋耕轮包括旋转杆和多个旋耕叶片,多个所述旋耕叶片沿所述旋转杆周向间隔设置;所述旋耕轮通过悬挂臂悬挂于所述车架上。
优选地,所述覆膜装置包括地膜卡槽和地膜压轮,所述地膜卡槽设置于所述车架前端的底部,所述地膜压轮设置于所述车架前端的端面上;其中,所述地膜卡槽用于挂设整卷地膜,所述地膜压轮用于压实地膜边缘。
优选地,所述车体的底部设置有四个车轮,所述车体的后部设置有驾驶室。
本发明还涉及一种土壤改良剂撒施机的使用方法,采用上述的土壤改良剂撒施机,所述使用方法包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:平整盐碱地;
步骤S2:车体前进,起垄器起垄;
步骤S3:进料履带将车斗的改良剂运送至固体料箱,固体料箱将改良剂下料至螺旋带孔钻,螺旋带孔钻将垄土进行深旋松耕,同时螺旋带孔钻将改良剂施入垄上土体中;
步骤S4:旋耕轮进行垄上旋耕;
步骤S5:液态料箱储存的培养液流入至喷头,喷头喷入菌剂的营养液或除草剂、杀虫剂的除草杀虫剂;
步骤S6:将地膜卡槽上挂着的整卷地膜的膜卷头部分展开,并沿着垄面铺放,地膜压轮紧贴地面将地膜横向展平,并刮土压在地膜边缘使其固定,随着所述车体的前进,地膜被逐渐放下,覆盖垄面。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明公开的土壤改良剂撒施机先利用起垄器起垄、再利用螺旋钻在深旋松耕的同时将改良剂施入垄上、然后利用旋耕轮旋耕、接着利用喷头喷入营养液或除草杀虫剂、最后利用覆膜机覆膜,不仅节省了改良剂用量,提高了土壤改良效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的土壤改良剂撒施机的结构示意图;
图2为本发明提供的起垄器的示意图;
图3为本发明提供的螺旋带孔钻的示意图;
图4为本发明提供的旋耕犁的示意图。
具体实施方式
实施例1
实施例1提供一种土壤改良剂撒施机,下面对该土壤改良剂撒施机的结构进行详细描述。
参考图1,土壤改良剂撒施机包括一车体1,车体1的底部设置有四个车轮10,车体1的后部设置有驾驶室11,车体1的中部设置有车斗12,车斗12用于储存固体改良剂,车体1的前部设置有车架13。车架13的前端设置有覆膜装置6,车架13从后至前依次设置有起垄器2、施固料装置3、两个旋耕轮4和施液料装置5。
起垄器2包括两个起垄轮20和一个起垄杠21,起垄轮20的侧面设置为弧形凸面,两个起垄轮20设置于起垄杠21的两端,且起垄轮20的弧形凸面均设置于起垄器2的内侧面,如图2所示。
施料装置3包括进料履带31、固体料箱32和两个螺旋带孔钻33,两个螺旋带孔钻33分别设置于车架13的底部的两侧且均位于起垄器2前面,螺旋带孔钻33的顶端从固体料箱32的底部向上伸入至固体料箱32内,固体料箱32的顶端为开口,进料履带31的两端分别设置于车斗12和固体料箱32的顶端的开口。
参加图3,螺旋带孔钻33包括一根旋转管331和一旋转凸壁332,旋转管331为中空管,旋转凸壁332沿着旋转管331的外壁螺旋设置,旋转管331的管壁上间隔开设有多个管孔。
其中,螺旋带孔钻33用于不仅对垄上土壤进行深旋松耕,还可同时将固体料箱中的固体施入深层土壤。
参加图4,旋耕轮4包括旋转杆40和多个旋耕叶片41,多个旋耕叶片41沿旋转杆40周向间隔设置。
其中,两个旋耕轮4分别设置于车架13的底部的两侧且分别位于两个螺旋带孔钻33的前面;旋耕轮4通过悬挂臂42悬挂于车架13上。该悬挂臂42可调节间距,使用时二者距离小于垄宽。
施液料装置5包括液态料箱51、连接管52和喷头53,喷头53设置于车架13的底部且位于螺旋带孔钻33与覆膜装置6之间,液态料箱51位于喷头53的上方且设置于车架13上,连接管52的顶端与低端分别连通液态料箱51和喷头53。
其中,固体料箱32用于装载固体,包括可深施入土壤的调理剂、改良剂、化肥、秸秆颗粒肥等,这些固体用量较大,所以需要进料履带与车斗相连;液态料箱51用于装载液体,主要是喷洒在地表的菌剂、除草剂、杀虫剂、液体肥等,这些液体用量较小。
覆膜装置6包括地膜卡槽61和地膜压轮62,地膜卡槽61设置于车架13前端的底部,地膜压轮62设置于车架13前端的端面上;
其中,地膜卡槽61用于挂设整卷地膜,地膜压轮62用于压实地膜边缘。
实施例2
实施例2涉及一种土壤改良剂撒施机的使用方法,采用实施例1提供的土壤改良剂撒施机,在使用之前,在车斗12内装入固体改良剂,在液态料箱51内储存培养液或除草杀虫剂,在地膜卡槽61上挂设整卷地膜,使用方法包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:平整盐碱地;
步骤S2:车体1前进,起垄器2起垄;起垄时根据需要调节垄高、垄宽等参数,起垄犁轮前行切开土壤,形成垄沟,切下的土块沿轮壁翻入内侧形成垄;
步骤S3:进料履带31将车斗12的改良剂运送至固体料箱3,固体料箱3将改良剂下料至螺旋带孔钻33,螺旋带孔钻33将垄土进行深旋松耕,并在深旋松耕的同时将改良剂施入垄上土体中;
步骤S4:通过悬挂臂42调节旋耕轮4高度,旋耕轮4进行垄上旋耕,使其主要旋耕垄上10cm以内土壤,进行垄面土旋耕;
步骤S5:液态料箱51储存的培养液流入至喷头53,喷头53在垄上土壤表面喷入菌剂的营养液或除草剂、杀虫剂的除草杀虫剂;
步骤S6:将地膜卡槽61上挂着的整卷地膜的膜卷头部分展开,并沿着垄面铺放,地膜压轮62紧贴地面将地膜横向展平,并刮土压在地膜边缘使其固定,随着车体1的前进,地膜被逐渐放下,覆盖垄面。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施例对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种土壤改良剂撒施机,其特征在于,包括一车体(1),
所述车体(1)的中部设置有车斗(12),所述车斗(12)用于储存固体改良剂,所述车体(1)的前部设置有车架(13),所述车架(13)的前端设置有覆膜装置(6),所述车架(13)从后至前依次设置有起垄器(2)、施固料装置(3)、两个旋耕轮(4)和施液料装置(5);
所述施料装置(3)包括进料履带(31)、固体料箱(32)和两个螺旋带孔钻(33),两个所述螺旋带孔钻(33)分别设置于所述车架(13)的底部的两侧且均位于所述起垄器(2)前面,所述螺旋带孔钻(33)的顶端从所述固体料箱(32)的底部向上伸入至所述固体料箱(32)内,所述固体料箱(32)的顶端为开口,所述进料履带(31)的两端分别设置于所述车斗(12)和所述固体料箱(32)的顶端的开口;
两个所述旋耕轮(4)分别设置于所述车架(13)的底部的两侧且分别位于两个所述螺旋带孔钻(33)的前面;
所述施液料装置(5)包括液态料箱(51)、连接管(52)和喷头(53),所述喷头(53)设置于所述所述车架(13)的底部且位于所述螺旋带孔钻(33)与所述覆膜装置(6)之间,所述液态料箱(51)位于所述喷头(53)的上方且设置于所述车架(13)上,所述连接管(52)的顶端与低端分别连通所述液态料箱(51)和所述喷头(53)。
2.如权利要求1所述的土壤改良剂撒施机,其特征在于,
所述起垄器(2)包括两个起垄轮(20)和一个起垄杠(21),
所述起垄轮(20)的侧面设置为弧形凸面,两个所述起垄轮(20)设置于所述起垄杠(21)的两端,且所述起垄轮(20)的弧形凸面均设置于所述起垄器(2)的内侧面。
3.如权利要求1所述的土壤改良剂撒施机,其特征在于,
所述螺旋带孔钻(33)包括一根旋转管(331)和一旋转凸壁(332),所述旋转管(331)为中空管,所述旋转凸壁(332)沿着所述旋转管(331)的外壁螺旋设置,所述旋转管(331)的管壁上间隔开设有多个管孔。
4.如权利要求1所述的土壤改良剂撒施机,其特征在于,
所述旋耕轮(4)包括旋转杆(40)和多个旋耕叶片(41),多个所述旋耕叶片(41)沿所述旋转杆(40)周向间隔设置;所述旋耕轮(4)通过悬挂臂(42)悬挂于所述车架(13)上。
5.如权利要求1所述的土壤改良剂撒施机,其特征在于,
所述覆膜装置(6)包括地膜卡槽(61)和地膜压轮(62),所述地膜卡槽(61)设置于所述车架(13)前端的底部,所述地膜压轮(62)设置于所述车架(13)前端的端面上;
其中,所述地膜卡槽(61)用于挂设整卷地膜,所述地膜压轮(62)用于压实地膜边缘。
6.如权利要求1所述的土壤改良剂撒施机,其特征在于,
所述车体(1)的底部设置有四个车轮(10),所述车体(1)的后部设置有驾驶室(11)。
7.一种土壤改良剂撒施机的使用方法,采用权利要求1至6任一所述的土壤改良剂撒施机,所述使用方法包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:平整盐碱地;
步骤S2:车体(1)前进,起垄器(2)起垄;
步骤S3:进料履带(31)将车斗(12)的改良剂运送至固体料箱(3),固体料箱(3)将改良剂下料至螺旋带孔钻(33),螺旋带孔钻(33)将垄土进行深旋松耕,同时螺旋带孔钻(33)将改良剂施入垄上土体中;
步骤S4:旋耕轮(4)进行垄上旋耕;
步骤S5:液态料箱(51)储存的培养液流入至喷头(53),喷头(53)喷入菌剂的营养液或除草剂、杀虫剂的除草杀虫剂;
步骤S6:将地膜卡槽(61)上挂着的整卷地膜的膜卷头部分展开,并沿着垄面铺放,地膜压轮(62)紧贴地面将地膜横向展平,并刮土压在地膜边缘使其固定,随着所述车体(1)的前进,地膜被逐渐放下,覆盖垄面。
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