CN109990301B - Negative pressure reverse burning equipment for oil pollutants and oil recovery method - Google Patents
Negative pressure reverse burning equipment for oil pollutants and oil recovery method Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/006—General arrangement of incineration plant, e.g. flow sheets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The negative pressure back burning equipment for oil pollutant consists of negative pressure back burning reaction furnace, negative pressure blower system, circulating pump and its pipeline system, and cooling system. The equipment is used for sorting and granulating, charging into a furnace, igniting, spontaneous reverse burning, cooling and separating, and oil can be recovered. The oil recovery rate reaches more than 60 percent, and good benefit is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to oil pollutant treatment equipment, in particular to equipment for treating recovered oil by using negative pressure reverse burning equipment of oil pollutants and a method for recovering the oil.
Background
The sources of oil substances are very wide, including natural petroleum, petroleum products, tars and fractions thereof, and edible animal and vegetable oils and fats. Meanwhile, various oil pollutants are generated in the processes of petrochemical industry, chemical pharmaceutical engineering, metal smelting industry, food processing and production and the like; among them, the oil pollutants produced in the petrochemical industry are most common and severe.
In the petroleum exploration, exploitation, refining, tank cleaning, storage and transportation processes, a large amount of crude oil or oil products and soil, water or other impurities form various oil-containing pollutants, such as oil sludge, oil-contaminated soil and woven bags, oil-contaminated fillers, catalysts and the like, due to accidents, running, dripping, natural sedimentation and other reasons. The oil pollutants are often inflammable, explosive and toxic substances due to the fact that the oil pollutants contain petroleum components and are high in concentration, and the oil pollutants are hazardous wastes of HW08 or HW49 according to the national hazardous waste list, and are discharged into the environment if directly or simply disposed of, so that the oil pollutants can cause great harm to the natural ecological environment.
In the face of the headache, the workers of scientific research and engineering application are always searching various effective treatment modes, and the traditional two methods of burying and burning are developed into other methods such as water washing ultrasonic separation, thermochemical medicine washing, biological repair, thermal desorption, drying pyrolysis, catalytic pyrolysis, smoldering treatment and the like. The burying is to dig pits in the places where the oil pollutants are found, and burying the oil pollutants after the anti-seepage is finished, and the method occupies a large amount of land and has limited capacity; the incineration method is to burn oil pollutants at high temperature, the method can realize waste reduction and incinerate the pollutants, and can recycle a part of heat, but the defect is that a large amount of fuel is required to be consumed, and the tail gas treatment process is complex and the operation cost is high; the ultrasonic separation of water washing and thermochemical medicine washing belong to a physical and chemical method, and water washing agents and three-phase centrifugal separation are needed to recycle part of oil, but still sewage and waste residue discharge needs to be further treated, so that secondary pollution is serious; bioremediation, while relatively low cost, requires high operating conditions (e.g., unsuitable for use in low temperature seasons) and long treatment cycles, and is unsuitable for the disposal of all oil contaminants; the thermal desorption, drying pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis method belongs to an endothermic process, and particularly aims to eradicate heavy oil pollution in oil pollutants, and the material heating temperature is at least more than 500 ℃, so that the energy consumption is abnormally high, more external energy sources are required for inputting if the water content of the oil pollutants is high, and the evaporated oil gas can recover the oil through condensation, so that the device has the outstanding problems of more transmission mechanisms, complex structure, poor running heat conductivity, large coking heat loss and the like, and the practical application economic value is limited.
The prior art has developed a method of mixing a porous matrix material or catalyst with an organic material and then exposing the mixture to an oxidizing agent to initiate self-sustaining combustion of the mixture or treating the porous matrix after combustion to physically separate the porous matrix material from ash containing valuable inorganic materials; however, in general, the solid particle size of the oil sludge in the oil pollutants is mostly between 1 and 100 micrometers, the generated oil pollutants are strong in compactness, air is generally not easy to pass through or be exposed to an oxidant, and if the porous matrix substance or the catalyst is adopted to be mixed with the oil pollutants, the treatment capacity and the treatment efficiency are greatly reduced, and the investment of treatment facilities, the energy consumption of unit operation and the cost are greatly increased. Moreover, the core of such techniques is to burn all the oil content of all the oil contaminants, and no practical and better solution is proposed for recovery.
The petroleum in the oil substances is generally a mixture composed of a plurality of oil components with different boiling points, and fuel gas, gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil, heavy oil, asphalt and the like can be obtained by heating the petroleum and fractionating the petroleum according to the number of carbon atoms in hydrocarbon and different boiling points; the treatment difficulty of the oil pollutants is increased due to the existence of heavy oil, asphaltene or other organic matters in the oil pollutants; but only ignites heavy oil with high boiling point, asphaltene or other organic matters as energy supply, continuously carries out drying, pyrolysis and spontaneous combustion reaction on the combustible components in the oil pollutants and similar materials around the oil pollutants in a radiation, convection and conduction mode, finally not only realizes the removal of the organic components in the oil pollutants, but also recovers oil products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil and the like in a condensation mode, and has not been reported on the disposal of the oil pollutants. This requires a solution to the technical difficulties of combining equipment layout, direction of oxidizing gas flow, and recovery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides negative pressure back burning equipment for oil pollutants and a method for recycling oil, which aim to solve the technical problems.
The objects of the present invention are two: firstly, the problems of harsh material requirements, complex pretreatment, high treatment energy consumption, serious secondary pollution, complex equipment, high operation cost and the like in the prior art are overcome, and the treatment range of oil pollutants is enlarged; secondly, the structure is created, the reverse burning technology is utilized, the air flow direction and the burning direction are set to be carried out along the gravity direction, the cooling recovery equipment is used, the difference of boiling points of different components of oil organic matters in the oil pollutants is utilized, only heavy oil with high boiling point, asphaltene or other organic matters are ignited to serve as energy supply, the drying, pyrolysis and spontaneous combustion reactions are continuously carried out on combustible components in the oil pollutants and surrounding mixed materials in a radiation, convection and conduction mode, the removal of the organic components in the oil pollutants is finally realized, and petroleum products such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil and the like can be recovered in a natural condensation mode through the transportation of gravity and air flow; thus, the integrated innovation provides a method and equipment for treating the oil pollutants, which are efficient, energy-saving, thorough in treatment and environment-friendly in emission.
The invention refers to the oil pollutant, which refers to the liquid, semisolid and solid matters polluted by the oil matters or any component in the oil matters, including sundries, large objects and the like such as woven bags, color strips, stones, tiles and the like polluted by the oil matters, and is generally not a single component matter.
The negative pressure back burning equipment for oil pollutant consists of negative pressure back burning reaction furnace, negative pressure blower system, circulating pump and its pipeline system, and cooling system.
The oil drain and the water drain outlet regularly drain and collect the recovered oil and the redundant water, and in order to continuously and stably run, an oil skimming and deslagging device with a certain structure can be arranged to prevent blockage.
Preferably, the heating element is an infrared thermal radiation heating element. Still further, the upper portion distance of infrared heat radiation heating spare is 10~500mm, installs the reflection spare, and this spare scribbles high temperature reflection lacquer towards the inside of radiation heating spare to set up a plurality of bleeder vent of diameter 5~50 mm. The common heating element can generate enough heat to initiate reaction, but the radiation heating element is more suitable for the requirement of initiation from top to bottom required by the invention, and particularly can generate a radiation infrared heating body, and the radiation heat accounts for more than 50% of the total heating value, so that the effect is better.
Preferably, a filter screen is arranged on the perforated sintering plate, and the mesh number of the filter screen is 10-100 meshes. The burning bearing plate cannot prevent the mixture or ash from entering the cooling area of the cooling system on the basis of bearing, and the ash easily causes pipeline blockage or poor purity of recovered oil after entering, so that a filter screen is added, and the isolation of the ash can be satisfied.
Preferably, the air-cooled heat exchanger consists of a fin heat exchange tube and a blower, wherein a liquid inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger is connected with a circulating pump, an outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger stretches into a cooling area of the cooling system, an inlet of the blower is connected with air, and an outlet of the blower is connected with an air inlet of the furnace body. The hot air generated by the air-cooled heat exchanger is introduced into the position of the air inlet of the reaction furnace to save energy. Meanwhile, in order to better achieve the condensation effect, the air-cooled heat exchanger can be provided with a cold dryer or other existing cold sources to provide a flowable cooling medium at the temperature of-60-10 ℃.
Preferably, the blower is fitted with a motor vector inverter. Can be according to temperature monitoring, when circulating water temperature is higher, improve the rotational speed, increase the heat dissipation to guarantee the cooling effect.
Preferably, the negative pressure fan is one or more of a Roots fan, a high-pressure centrifugal fan and a vacuum pump, and the negative pressure fan is also provided with a motor vector frequency converter. The pressure difference can be controlled by the motor vector frequency converter to increase or decrease the sucked air quantity so as to be beneficial to initiation and control of the temperature and speed of the backfire.
Preferably, a liquid distribution pipe is arranged in the cooling area, the liquid distribution pipe is connected with a liquid outlet of the heat exchanger, a nozzle is arranged on the liquid distribution pipe, and a plurality of nozzles are arranged on the liquid distribution pipe. Oil organic gas is generated in the back firing process, and the temperature is about 0-500 ℃; in order to achieve a good cooling effect, a circulating pump is adopted to pump the waste water collected by bottom condensation of the furnace to an air cooling heat exchanger, the waste water is atomized into fine liquid drops by an atomizing nozzle after heat exchange and cooling, and the fine liquid drops are in direct instant contact with the oil organic gas for cooling, so that water vapor and oil in the oil organic gas are changed from a gas phase to a liquid phase, and separation is achieved.
Setting two or more than two monitoring temperature detectors in the same longitudinal section and different vertical heights in the furnace, transmitting real-time data to a system control platform multipath data acquisition instrument, generating a temperature curve on a computer display by temperature monitoring, and regulating and controlling a negative pressure fan motor vector frequency converter and/or a regulating valve according to the temperature curve and the flow meter value; pressure detectors are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the air flow position in the furnace and are controlled in linkage with a vector frequency converter of a motor of the negative pressure fan; the circulating pump water outlet pipe is provided with a flowmeter and a pressure detector, and whether the circulating pump operates normally is judged by monitoring the flow and the pressure; the air-cooled heat exchanger is provided with at least one blower, each blower is provided with a motor vector frequency converter, and the variable frequency motor is controlled in linkage with a pipeline temperature detector on a wastewater outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger; in order to achieve the best effect of oil recovery, a miniature air pump sampling point is arranged on an air outlet pipeline of the negative pressure fan, and organic gas is pumped to an on-line detector, and the on-line detector at least detects one or more of the following data: CO, CO 2, VOCs and NOx, transmitting data to a system control platform, generating curves on a computer display, and analyzing the data, wherein the same parameter handheld detector is used for interval row detection in order to operate the data detection effectiveness.
The invention also provides a method for recycling oil, which is operated by using the negative pressure back-burning equipment, and comprises the following specific recycling method steps:
1. Sorting and granulating: the oil pollutants are sieved out by sieving equipment through woven bags, color strips, stones, tiles and other sundries with the diameter of more than or equal to 50mm, smashed and crushed to the diameter of less than 50mm, and then added into other liquid, semisolid and solid oil pollutants for mixing and stirring, and a hardening granulator is used for auxiliary heating and drying to form the irregular surface-drying hardening mixture.
2. Filling into a furnace: and filling the surface-dried hardened irregular mixture on a burning bearing plate of the negative pressure back-burning reaction furnace.
3. Ignition is initiated: starting a negative pressure fan, adjusting the air suction of the negative pressure fan, sucking air or hot air into the furnace from the top, forming an internal environment with the negative pressure range of minus 100Kpa to minus 0.1Kpa, starting a heating piece at the top, and when the temperature rising rate of a temperature detector 100-500 mm away from a heat radiation heating piece is monitored to reach 5-50 ℃/min, and when the concentration of VOCs and CO gas exhausted by the negative pressure fan reach 50ppm and 1000ppm respectively, the temperature of the uppermost mixture rises to 200-600 ℃ to finish ignition.
4. Spontaneous back firing: when the temperature of the material is continuously increased to 600-2000 ℃, the concentrations of CO 2 and NO gas detected on line respectively reach more than 0.1 ppm and 20ppm, the material enters a spontaneous counter-burning stage, a heating element is closed, air is kept to be sucked through the mixture from top to bottom, counter-burning is started from upper-layer oil pollutants in the furnace, and low-boiling-point oil gas is volatilized into gas-phase oil gas along with the top-down propulsion of a counter-burning interface layer and flows out of a burning plate after being condensed into liquid phase in the process of downwards passing through a mixture area; and then the high-boiling-point oil pollutants are cracked into low-molecular oil gas along with the further increase of the temperature, and the low-molecular oil gas and the gas flow are pushed downwards, one part of the high-boiling-point oil pollutants become fuel to be consumed, the other part of the high-boiling-point oil pollutants are condensed into liquid-phase oil to flow out of the burning plate, and ash residues are accumulated on a back-burning interface and discharged when the ash residues are discharged.
5. Cooling and separating: in the process of back burning, a circulating pump is started, oil organic gas is cooled by using cold water, the cold water exchanges heat and cools through an air cooling heat exchanger, oil content is settled at the bottom of a cooling zone, oil is discharged through an oil discharge port at regular intervals, and redundant waste water is discharged through a water discharge port.
Preferably, when the reactor is filled, the material is fed from the lower part of the reactor, the material is discharged from the upper part of the reactor, and the back-burning interface is kept in the middle section of the back-burning furnace, so that the oil is continuously or semi-continuously recovered by back-burning.
The principle of the invention is that the invention uses the difference of boiling points of different components of oil substances in the oil pollutant to only ignite heavy oil, asphaltene or other organic substances with high boiling point in the oil substance as energy supply, and continuously carries out continuous desiccation, pyrolysis and spontaneous combustion reaction on combustible components in the oil pollutant particles and similar materials around the combustible components in the oil pollutant particles in a radiation, convection and conduction mode, finally not only realizes the removal of the organic components in the oil pollutant, but also can recover the oil, such as gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, fuel oil and the like, to form a mixture in a reverse burning airflow condensation mode.
The negative pressure is realized by negative pressure air suction in the negative pressure back-burning reaction furnace, maintaining the negative pressure state and the negative pressure range is minus 100Kpa to minus 0.1 Kpa; the reaction furnace is realized to form negative pressure, and two purposes of the operation condition of the reaction furnace can be achieved: (1) In a negative pressure state, the oil organic gas generated by the back-burning reaction furnace cannot overflow to cause potential safety hazard, and the oil organic gas is fully trapped in the reaction furnace to be beneficial to the continuous process of back-burning, so that the oil can be fully condensed and recovered; (2) Under the negative pressure state, the oil substances can volatilize the oil organic gas under the condition that the boiling point is lower than the normal pressure, so that the whole energy consumption is saved, and the desorption or the pyrolysis of the oil substances from the surface of the oil pollutants into the oil organic gas is further facilitated, so that more oil is condensed and recovered.
Furthermore, to realize better and sufficient oil recovery by negative pressure back burning of the oil pollutants, the system is also dependent on effective overall control of system operation parameters, such as temperature, pressure, flow, motor frequency, oil organic gas components, regulating valves and other parameter monitoring, and automatic and semi-automatic linkage is realized.
The screening equipment is designed based on removing sundries and large objects such as woven bags, color strips, stones, tiles and the like in the oil pollutants; it can be a grating plate with a grid, a mechanical screening grab bucket, a vibrating screen and the like; when the woven bags, color strips, stones, tiles and other sundries and large articles containing oil substances are placed in a distinguishing way, special screening equipment is not needed for separation; according to actual operation needs, the design range of the screening aperture is 10-100 mm. According to the characteristics of the materials in three states of liquid, semisolid and solid after the oil pollutants are screened and separated, the materials enter a surface dry hardening granulation system in stages,
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
The first step: the solid oil pollutants are crushed and then are gradually dried under the external heat supply condition, and are further crushed and kneaded together with the semisolid oil pollutants under the action of mechanical kneading, and the drying and kneading are continuously carried out until the surface dryness and the hardening among the particles can not be adhered together;
And a second step of: if the oil pollutants to be treated contain liquid, the oil pollutants enter a secondary kneading and granulating process, and the liquid is driven by a pump and is sprayed into a surface drying, hardening and granulating system;
and a third step of: finally, the formed particles reaching the design requirement particle size are temporarily stored in a storage warehouse for the next processing.
In order to reduce the energy consumption of heat input of the system, ash after the equipment is reversely burned and purified can be mixed into the first step and the second step so as to utilize the heat; if the oil pollutant contains more acidic substance precursors such as sulfur, halogen and the like, alkaline substances such as quicklime, slaked lime, caustic soda and the like can be mixed into the oil pollutant; the external heat can be generated by the waste heat flue gas generated by the system or generated by different forms of electricity, fuel gas, heat pump, fuel oil, steam, waste heat, solar energy and the like singly or in combination; in the surface dry hardening granulation process, if the water content of the solid oil pollutants is lower than 20%, external heat supply is not an essential condition; the surface dry hardening granulation system is implemented under the negative pressure condition below-50 Pa, and the generated gas can be sent into a negative pressure back-burning reaction furnace by an exhaust fan for use.
The drying, pyrolysis and spontaneous combustion described in the process are sequential steps of oil pollutants before being thoroughly purified, and comprise two operation processes of starting and continuously operating the oil pollutants through heat treatment, wherein the two steps are performed from top to bottom, and the operation and operation processes are described in detail:
when the device is started, the radiation heating part close to the oil pollutants is started first, and the input hot air is heated again by the radiation heating part and reaches the oil pollutants; the power and air input flow of the radiation heating part are regulated by monitoring the temperature of the gas thermocouple so as to meet the input requirement of heat required by drying and pyrolyzing oil pollutants of the radiation heating part; at this time, the gas exhausted by the negative pressure fan is monitored at any time by an online detection system, and the detection components are T, VOCs, CO, CO 2、NO、NOx、H2S、SO2; when the temperature rising rate of the material thermocouple 100-500 mm away from the thermal radiation heating part reaches 5-50 ℃/min and the concentration of VOCs and CO gas detected on line respectively reaches more than 50ppm and 1000ppm, stopping the operation of the radiation heating part, and continuously inputting hot air; to this end, the system completes the start-up procedure, at which point the heating element may be turned off.
When the continuous operation is carried out, the temperature of the materials is still gradually increased to 600-2000 ℃, and when the concentrations of CO 2 and NO gas detected on line respectively reach more than 0.1 ppm and 20ppm, the reaction is spontaneously carried out. In the process, the input flow and the temperature of the hot air are required to be regulated in real time, so that the gas-phase oil substances can be condensed and recovered to the maximum extent. As the counter-fired interfacial layer continues to progress downward, the temperature change in the vertical direction takes the form of a "sharp peak," i.e., each horizontal layer will rise steeply from low temperature to highest temperature, and the temperature drops steeply again. In the running process, the oil pollutants in the batch can be fed after being treated, and an automatic feeding mechanism can be arranged for continuous intermittent feeding.
In the operation process of the negative pressure back-burning reaction furnace, oil organic gas is generated, one part of the oil organic gas is derived from volatilization and condensation of low molecular oil gas, and the other part of the oil organic gas is derived from pyrolysis and volatilization of high molecular oil, wherein the temperature is about 0-500 ℃; in order to achieve a good cooling effect, the waste water collected by bottom condensation of the furnace is pumped to a heat exchanger by a circulating pump, the heat exchanger is preferably an air-cooled heat exchanger, the waste water after heat exchange and cooling enters a cooling area, is preferably atomized into fine liquid drops by an atomizing nozzle, is directly and instantaneously cooled by being in contact with oil organic gas, and changes water vapor and oil in the oil organic gas from a gas phase to a liquid phase, so that primary separation is realized. In order to make the structure more compact, the cooling area can be directly connected under the back-firing furnace, and is designed into an integrated form aiming at the firing plate. Meanwhile, in order to better achieve the condensation effect, the air-cooled heat exchanger can be provided with a cold dryer or other existing cold sources to provide a flowable cooling medium at the temperature of-60-10 ℃.
Advantageous effects
1. The negative pressure back-burning device has a simple and compact structure, adopts a negative pressure technology, has no leakage, is safe and reliable, and saves energy.
2. The negative pressure back-burning equipment is ingenious in design, and adopts a back-burning technology, so that the burning interface is consistent with the flow direction of the gas-phase and liquid-phase oil substances from top to bottom, and in forward burning, the gas-phase and liquid-phase oil substances volatilize upwards due to the action of gravity and fall back to the burning interface, most of the oil substances are burnt completely, and the oil substances can be hardly recovered, so that resources are wasted.
3. The oil recovery process has the advantages of over 99 percent of total oil removal rate of oil pollutants, no secondary pollution, simple operation and maintenance, over 50 percent lower operation cost than the traditional incineration and pyrolysis, higher recovery rate, over 60 percent of recovery rate and good social, economic and environmental benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus
FIG. 2 is a process flow diagram
Wherein, 1 is negative pressure back-burning reaction furnace body, 2 is the air intake, 3 is the heating element, 4 is the reflecting element, 5 is the air pipe, 6 is the burning plate, 7 is the nozzle, 8 is the air cooling heat exchanger, 9 is the hair-dryer, 10 is the circulating pump, 11 is the circulating pipe, 12 is negative pressure extraction opening, 13 is the oil drain port, 14 is the outlet, 15 is the oil pollutant.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The negative pressure back burning equipment for oil pollutant consists of negative pressure back burning reaction furnace, negative pressure blower system, circulating pump 10 and its pipeline system and cooling system, and the negative pressure back burning reaction furnace includes furnace body 1, air inlet 2, heating part 3 and burning bearing plate 6, the air inlet 2 is set in the top of the furnace body 1, the infrared heat radiation heating part 3 is installed in the upper part of the furnace, the burning bearing plate 6 has holes, the burning bearing plate 6 is installed in the lower part of the furnace body 1, the burning bearing plate 6 has filtering net with mesh size of 100 mesh, the upper part of the infrared heat radiation heating part 3 has reflecting part 4 in 400mm, the part is painted with high temperature reflecting paint toward the inside of the infrared radiation heating part 3 and has air holes in 45mm diameter, the cooling system includes cooling area, circulating pump 10, circulating pipe 11 and air cooling heat exchanger 8, the cooling area is connected with the bottom of the negative pressure counter-combustion reaction furnace, the side wall of the cooling area is provided with a negative pressure extraction opening 12, an oil drain opening 13 and a water drain opening 14 from top to bottom, the lower part of the water drain opening 14 is connected with a circulating pump 10 through a circulating pipe 11 and then is connected with an air cooling heat exchanger 8 through the circulating pipe 11, the air cooling heat exchanger 8 consists of a fin heat exchange pipe and a blower 9, a liquid inlet of the air cooling heat exchanger 8 is connected with the circulating pump 10, an outlet extends into the cooling area of a cooling and cooling system, a liquid distribution pipe is arranged in the cooling area and is connected with a liquid outlet of the air cooling heat exchanger 8, a nozzle is arranged on the liquid distribution pipe, a plurality of nozzles 7 are arranged, an inlet of the blower 9 is connected with air, an outlet of the blower 9 is connected with an air inlet 2 of the furnace body 1, a motor vector frequency converter is arranged on the blower 9, and the negative pressure extraction opening 12 is connected with a Roots blower controlled by the motor vector frequency converter. The main machine of the negative pressure back-burning equipment has the dimensions of 2000mm diameter and 2500mm height, and the furnace body 1 is provided with a heat insulation layer.
Eighty monitoring temperature detectors are uniformly distributed on the same longitudinal section and different vertical heights in the furnace, real-time data are transmitted to a system control platform multipath data acquisition instrument, a temperature curve is generated on a computer display through temperature monitoring, and a flowmeter value is combined, so that a negative pressure fan frequency converter and/or a regulating valve are regulated and controlled; pressure detectors are arranged at the upper part and the lower part of the air flow position in the furnace and are controlled in linkage with a negative pressure fan frequency converter; the water outlet pipe of the circulating pump 10 is provided with a flowmeter and a pressure detector, and the circulating pump 10 is judged whether to normally operate by monitoring the flow and the pressure; the air-cooled heat exchanger 8 is provided with two blowers 9, each blower 9 is provided with a motor vector frequency converter, and the variable frequency motor is controlled in linkage with a pipeline temperature detector on a wastewater outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger 8; in order to achieve the best effect of oil recovery, a miniature air pump sampling point is arranged on an air outlet pipeline of the negative pressure fan, and organic gas is pumped to an on-line detector, and the on-line detector at least detects one or more of the following data: CO, CO 2, VOCs and NOx, transmitting data to a system control platform, generating curves on a computer display, and analyzing the data, wherein the same parameter handheld detector is used for interval row detection in order to operate the data detection effectiveness.
Example 2
The oil pollutants used in the embodiments of the present disclosure are from oil soil (solid state), oily sewage air-float oil sludge (semi-solid state), and oily impurities (such as cloth strips, grass, plastics, etc.) produced in a certain refinery production process; the oil clay is contaminated high-concentration oil-containing clay, is solid, has water content of 22.5%, contains 34147mg/kg（C6-C9 2365mg/kg、C10-C14 5270mg/kg、C15-C28 18200mg/kg、C29-C36 8312mg/kg）;% of total petroleum hydrocarbon, is semisolid, has water content of 89.2%, contains total petroleum hydrocarbon 170058mg/kg（C6-C9 658mg/kg、C10-C14 24200mg/kg、C15-C28 93600mg/kg、C29-C36 51600mg/kg）.
In this embodiment, the total petroleum hydrocarbon is a substance detected by different detection methods according to the number of carbon atoms, such as total petroleum hydrocarbon (C 6-C9): usa standard pretreatment purge-trap method/detection method gas chromatography-mass spectrometry USEPA 8260D-2017, total petroleum hydrocarbons (C 10-C36): usa standard pretreatment solvent extraction/detection method gas chromatography USEPA 8015C-2007.
The operation flow of negative pressure back burning and oil recovery is as follows:
(1) According to the modes of sorting, crushing and stirring, the surface hardening is achieved by natural sun drying, the purpose of granulating the materials is achieved, and granulation is carried out.
(2) The granulated oil pollutants are firstly put on a burning bearing plate 6 of a negative pressure back burning reaction furnace, and can be mixed with each other according to any proportion; the surface of the oil pollutant storage height should keep a distance of 50 mm-100 mm from the electrically generated radiation heating element.
(3) After the system is started to run, the oil pollutants are always placed in the negative pressure back-burning reaction furnace until the purification and cooling are finished and then discharged. And starting the Roots blower and the radiation heating piece 3 successively, uniformly distributing hot air to the surfaces of the oil pollutants through the air distribution piece of the pipeline, forming an internal environment with a negative pressure range of-50 Kpa, and when the temperature rising rate of the temperature detector which is 250mm away from the heat radiation heating piece is monitored to reach 40 ℃/min. According to the designed timing time, manually recording the temperature of the monitoring sensor at different positions, and collecting gas to detect the CO component; and then generating a curve according to the obtained data, observing the curve change trend to determine the ignition closing time and the blast flow regulating time of the heater, and finishing ignition when the concentration of VOCs and CO gases exhausted by the negative pressure fan reaches 50ppm and 1000ppm respectively and the temperature of the upper mixture rises to 400 ℃ for reaction. When the temperature of the material rises to 1000 ℃, the concentrations of CO 2 and NO gas detected on line respectively reach more than 0.2 percent and 25ppm, the material enters a spontaneous backfire stage, a heating element is closed, air is kept to be sucked through the mixture from top to bottom, backfire is started from oil pollutants at the upper layer in the furnace, and as a backfire interface layer advances from top to bottom, gas-phase oil is continuously condensed into a liquid phase by circulating cooling water at the bottom of the negative pressure backfire furnace.
(4) The oil water generated at the bottom of the reactor in the step (3) is independently discharged by a drain valve and an oil discharge valve after being separated from the oil water, and the oil discharged by the oil discharge valve enters a recovery storage tank; sewage discharged by the drain valve enters a sewage treatment system for treatment, and the effluent reaches the standard.
(5) Continuously exhausting and supplying air to ensure continuous reaction, and opening the cover to discharge after the test device is cooled to a natural temperature; and the samples before and after treatment are sampled according to a standard sampling bag and sent to a third party for detection. In this embodiment, the total petroleum hydrocarbon detection data are all the results of the third party detection.
Test results: after the treatment, the water content of the discharged residue was 0.5%, and the residue contained total petroleum hydrocarbon ND (ND was not detected).
Recovering the collected oil: the water content is 0.24%, and the recovery rate of the oil containing the total petroleum hydrocarbon 86364000mg/kg（C6-C9 192000mg/kg、C10-C14 66500000mg/kg、C15-C28 272000mg/kg、C29-C36 19400000mg/kg）, is 76%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art, who is within the scope of the present invention, shall cover the scope of the present invention by equivalent substitution or modification of the technical method and the inventive concept according to the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The negative pressure back burning equipment for the oil pollutants is characterized by comprising a negative pressure back burning reaction furnace, a negative pressure fan system, a circulating pump, a pipeline system thereof and a cooling system, wherein the negative pressure back burning reaction furnace comprises a furnace body, an air inlet is arranged at the top of the furnace body, a heating element is arranged at the upper part in the furnace, a burning supporting plate with an opening is arranged at the lower part in the furnace, the cooling system comprises a cooling area, the circulating pump, a circulating pipe and an air cooling heat exchanger, the cooling area is connected with the bottom of the negative pressure back burning reaction furnace, one side of the cooling area is provided with a negative pressure air extracting opening, an oil drain opening and a water drain opening from top to bottom, the lower part of the water drain opening is connected with the circulating pump through the circulating pipe, the liquid outlet of the air cooling heat exchanger is connected back into the cooling area through the circulating pipe to form circulation, and the negative pressure air extracting opening is connected with the negative pressure fan.
2. The negative pressure backfire device for oil pollutants according to claim 1, wherein the heating element is an infrared heat radiation heating element, a reflecting element is arranged on the upper portion of the infrared heat radiation heating element at a distance of 10-500 mm, high-temperature reflecting paint is coated on the reflecting element towards the inside of the radiation heating element, and a plurality of ventilation holes with diameters of 5-50 mm are formed.
3. The apparatus for negative pressure backfire of oil pollutants according to claim 1, wherein more than two monitoring temperature detectors are arranged at the same longitudinal section and different vertical heights in the furnace, pressure detectors are arranged at the upper part and the lower part in the furnace, a flowmeter and a temperature detector are arranged on a circulating pipeline, and sampling points are arranged on an air outlet pipeline of the negative pressure fan.
4. The negative pressure back-burning equipment for oil pollutants according to claim 1, wherein a filter screen is arranged on the perforated burning bearing plate, and the mesh number of the filter screen is 10-100 meshes.
5. The negative pressure reverse burning device for oil pollutants according to claim 1, wherein the air-cooled heat exchanger consists of a fin heat exchange tube and a blower, a liquid inlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger is connected with a circulating pump, an outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger stretches into a cooling area of the cooling system, an inlet of the blower is connected with air, and an outlet of the blower is connected with an air inlet of the furnace body.
6. The negative pressure reverse burning apparatus for oil pollutants according to claim 5, wherein the blower is provided with a motor vector frequency converter.
7. The negative pressure reverse burning device for oil pollutants according to claim 1, wherein the negative pressure fan is one or more of a Roots fan, a high-pressure centrifugal fan and a vacuum pump, and the negative pressure fan is also provided with a motor vector frequency converter.
8. The negative pressure reverse burning device for oil pollutants according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a liquid distribution pipe is arranged in the cooling area and is connected with a liquid outlet of the air-cooled heat exchanger, and a nozzle is arranged on the liquid distribution pipe.
9. A method for recovering oil, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Sorting and granulating: sieving the oil pollutants by sieving equipment, sieving woven bags, color strips, stone blocks and turning tiles which are more than or equal to 50mm in the oil pollutants, mashing and crushing until the oil pollutants are less than 50mm, adding the crushed oil pollutants into other liquid, semisolid and solid oil pollutants for mixing and stirring, using a hardening granulator, and performing auxiliary heating and drying to form a surface dry hardening irregular mixture;
(2) Filling into a furnace: filling the surface-dried hardened irregular mixture on a burning bearing plate of a negative pressure back-burning reaction furnace;
(3) Ignition is initiated: starting a negative pressure fan, adjusting the air suction of the negative pressure fan, sucking air into the furnace from the top, forming an internal environment with the negative pressure range of-100 Kpa to-0.1 Kpa, starting a heating piece, and when the temperature rising rate of a temperature detector which is 100-500 mm away from the heat radiation heating piece is monitored to be 5-50 ℃/min, and detecting the VOCs and CO gas concentration of exhaust air of the negative pressure fan on line to be 50ppm and 1000ppm respectively, the temperature of the uppermost mixture rises to be 200-600 ℃ to finish ignition;
(4) Spontaneous back firing: when the temperature of the material is continuously increased to 600-2000 ℃, the concentrations of CO2 and NO gas detected on line respectively reach more than 0.1 ppm and 20ppm, the material enters a spontaneous counter-burning stage, a heating element is closed, air is kept to be sucked through the mixture from top to bottom, counter-burning is started from upper-layer oil pollutants in the furnace, and low-boiling-point oil gas is volatilized into gas-phase oil gas along with the top-down propulsion of a counter-burning interface layer and flows out of a burning plate after being condensed into liquid phase in the process of downwards passing through a mixture area; then the high boiling point oil pollutants are further raised along with the temperature, and are cracked into low molecular oil gas, and the low molecular oil gas and the gas flow are pushed downwards, one part of the low molecular oil gas is consumed as fuel, the other part of the low molecular oil gas is condensed into liquid phase oil, the liquid phase oil flows out of the burning plate, and ash residues are accumulated on a back burning interface and discharged when the ash residues are discharged;
(5) Cooling and separating: in the process of back burning, a circulating pump is started, oil organic gas is cooled by using cold water, the cold water exchanges heat and cools through an air cooling heat exchanger, oil content is settled at the bottom of a cooling zone, recovered oil is discharged through an oil discharge port at regular intervals, and redundant waste water is discharged through a water discharge port.
10. The method of recovering oil according to claim 9, wherein the oil is recovered by continuously or semi-continuously back-firing the oil while charging the furnace, feeding the oil from the lower part of the reaction furnace, discharging the oil from the upper part of the reaction furnace, and maintaining the back-firing interface in the middle of the back-firing furnace.
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| CN201910290347.7A CN109990301B (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2019-04-11 | Negative pressure reverse burning equipment for oil pollutants and oil recovery method |
| PCT/CN2020/086256 WO2020207503A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2020-04-23 | Negative-pressure reverse-combustion device for oil pollutants and oil recovery method |
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| CN109990301B (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2024-05-10 | 宇恒(南京)环保装备科技有限公司 | Negative pressure reverse burning equipment for oil pollutants and oil recovery method |
| CN112648619B (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2022-03-18 | 华中科技大学 | Organic solid waste self-maintaining smoldering treatment method based on catalytic oxidation in furnace |
| CN114280217B (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2024-05-24 | 安徽科元精工科技发展有限公司 | Aviation fuel oil automatic ignition experimental device and experimental method thereof |
| CN114571773B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2023-10-10 | 重庆峰圣石化有限公司 | Petroleum recovery device |
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