CN109986777A - 实施硬化剂预浸渍的增材制造系统 - Google Patents

实施硬化剂预浸渍的增材制造系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109986777A
CN109986777A CN201810969188.9A CN201810969188A CN109986777A CN 109986777 A CN109986777 A CN 109986777A CN 201810969188 A CN201810969188 A CN 201810969188A CN 109986777 A CN109986777 A CN 109986777A
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reinforcing material
matrix components
continuous reinforcing
print head
continuous
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CN109986777B (zh
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阿尔瓦拉多·B·泰勒
特雷弗·大卫·巴格
赖安·C·斯托科特
约翰·斯万娄
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Cc3d Ltd
CC3D LLC
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Cc3d Ltd
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Abstract

公开了一种用于增材制造复合结构的方法。该方法可以包括将连续增强材料引导到打印头中，并且在打印头内部用第一基质组分涂覆连续增强材料。该方法还可以包括用第二基质组分涂覆连续增强材料，通过打印头的喷嘴释放连续增强材料，以及在释放过程中在多个维度上移动打印头。第一基质组分和第二基质组分相互作用以引起连续增强材料周围的基质硬化。

Description

实施硬化剂预浸渍的增材制造系统
技术领域
本公开一般涉及制造系统，更具体地，涉及实施硬化剂预浸渍的增材制造系统。
背景技术
传统的增材制造是通过在计算机的引导控制下沉积重叠的材料层来创建三维部件的过程。增材制造的常见形式称为熔融沉积成型(FDM)。使用FDM，热塑性塑料在加热的打印头内通过并液化。当材料从打印头释放时，打印头以预定轨迹(也称为，工具路径)移动，使得材料以重叠的二维层的特定图案和形状铺设。离开打印头后，材料冷却并硬化成最终形式。最终形式的强度主要是由于供应到打印头的特定热塑性塑料的性质和由二维层堆叠形成的三维形状。
最近开发的对于传统FDM制造的改进涉及使用嵌入在从打印头释放的材料中的连续纤维(也称为，连续纤维3D打印——CF3DTM)。特别地，将基质供应到打印头并与也通过同一打印头的一种或多种连续纤维一起同时释放(例如，挤压出和/或拉挤出)。基质可以是传统的热塑性塑料、粉末金属、液体基质(例如，UV可固化和/或双组分树脂)、或这些基质和其他已知基质中的任意基质的组合。在离开打印头时，固化增强器(例如，UV光、超声发射器、热源、催化剂供应等)被激活以引发和/或完成基质的固化。这种固化几乎立即发生，允许在自由空间中制造无支撑结构。并且当纤维，特别是连续纤维，被嵌入结构内时，结构的强度可以倍增以超过基质依赖的强度。在2016年12月6日授予Tyler的美国专利9,511,543(“543专利”)中公开了这种技术的示例。
在涉及不透明纤维(例如，碳纤维)、高密度纤维、高浓度纤维、大直径纤维等的一些应用中，位于相应纤维束的中心的基质材料可能难以获得足够的固化增强(例如，足够的固化能量、催化剂等)。如果没有说明，所得到的结构可能缺乏强度和/或不理想地下垂。
所公开的系统旨在解决上述问题中的一个或多个问题和/或现有技术的其他问题。
发明内容
在一方面，本公开涉及一种增材制造复合结构的方法。该方法可以包括将连续增强材料引导到打印头中，并且在打印头内部用第一基质组分涂覆连续增强材料。该方法还可以包括用第二基质组分涂覆连续增强材料，通过打印头的喷嘴释放连续增强材料，以及在释放过程中在多个维度上移动打印头。第一基质组分和第二基质组分相互作用以引起连续增强材料周围的基质硬化。
在另一方面，本发明涉及一种用于增材制造复合结构的系统。该系统可以包括支撑件和连接到支撑件的一端的打印头。打印头可以具有带腔室的主体，在该主体中，连续增强材料涂覆有树脂和催化剂中的一种。打印头还可以包括喷嘴，该喷嘴连接到主体的释放端并且配置成释放同时被树脂和催化剂涂覆的连续增强材料。该系统还可包括与支撑件和打印头通信的控制器。根据复合结构的规格，控制器可以配置成在从喷嘴释放连续增强材料的过程中，选择性地使支撑件在多个维度上移动头部。
在又一方面，本发明涉及一种预浸材料，其用于增材制造复合结构。预浸材料可以包括连续增强材料和多组分基质的催化剂。还包括至少一种树脂的多组分基质可以在连续增强材料周围固化以形成复合结构。在制造复合结构之前，增强材料至少部分地被催化剂浸透并且基本上不含树脂，并且增强材料占复合结构的约35％到70％。催化剂占复合结构的约0.1％到10％。
附图说明
图1是公开的示例性制造系统的示意图；以及
图2至图4是可以与图1的制造系统结合使用的公开的示例性头部的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了示例性系统10。系统10可用于连续制造具有任何所需横截面形状(例如，圆形、多边形等)的复合结构12。系统10可至少包括支撑件14和头部16。头部16可具有连接到支撑件14并由支撑件14移动的主体18，以及位于主体18的相对释放端处的喷嘴20。在图1的公开的实施例中，支撑件14是能够在结构12的制造期间在多个方向上移动头部16的机械臂，使得产生的结构12的纵向轴是三维的。然而，可以设想，支撑件14可以替代地是也能够在结构12的制造期间在多个方向上移动头部16的过顶门架(overhead gantry)或混合门架/臂。尽管支撑件14示出为能够进行6轴运动，可以设想，如果需要，也可以使用能够以相同或不同方式移动头部16的任何其他类型的支撑件14。在一些实施例中，驱动器可以将头部16机械地联接到支撑件14，并且可以包括协作以移动头部16和/或向头部16供应电力或材料的部件。
主体18可以配置成接收或以其他方式包含基质材料。基质材料可包括可固化的任何类型的基质材料(例如，液体树脂，例如零挥发性有机化合物树脂；粉末金属；等)。示例性树脂包括热固性材料、单组分或多组分环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、阳离子环氧树脂、丙烯酸酯化环氧树脂、氨基甲酸酯、酯、热塑性塑料、光聚合物、聚环氧化物、硫醇、烯烃、硫醇-烯等。在一个实施例中，主体18内的基质材料可以例如，通过外部装置(例如，挤压机或其他类型的泵-未图示)被加压，该外部装置经由相应的导管(未图示)流体地连接到头部16。然而，在另一实施例中，压力可以通过类似类型的装置完全在主体18内部产生。在其他实施例中，基质材料可以在主体18内是自重进料的和/或被混合。在一些情况下，主体18内的基质材料可能需要低温和/或避光保存以抑制过早固化；而在其他情况下，由于同样的原因，基质材料可能需要保温。在任一种情况下，主体18可以被特殊地(例如，绝缘地、冷却地和/或加热地)配置以满足这些需求。
基质材料可用于涂覆、包裹或以其他方式包围任何数量的连续增强材料(例如，单独的纤维、丝束、粗纱和/或材料片)，并且与增强材料一起构成复合结构12的至少一部分(例如，壁)。增强材料可以存储在主体18内(例如，在单独的内部线轴上-未图示)或以其他方式穿过主体18(例如，从外部线轴21供给-参见图2至图4)。当同时使用多个增强材料时，增强材料可以是相同类型并且具有相同的直径和横截面形状(例如，圆形、方形、扁平等)，或者具有不同直径和/或横截面形状的不同类型。增强材料可包括例如，碳纤维、植物纤维、木纤维、矿物纤维、玻璃纤维、金属线、光学管等。应当注意，术语“增强材料”意味着包括可以至少部分地包裹在从喷嘴20释放的基质材料中的结构类型和非结构类型的连续材料。
当增强材料穿过主体18时，增强材料可以暴露于(例如，涂覆有)基质材料。基质材料、干燥增强材料和/或已经暴露于基质材料的增强材料(例如，润湿的增强材料)可以以本领域技术人员显而易见的任何方式被输送到主体18中。
基质材料和增强材料可以通过至少两种不同的操作模式从喷嘴20释放。在第一操作模式中，当头部16由支撑件14移动以产生结构12的三维形状时，基质材料和增强材料从喷嘴20挤出(例如，在压力和/或机械力下被推挤出)。在第二操作模式中，从喷嘴20至少拉出增强材料，使得在释放过程中在增强材料中产生拉伸应力。在这种操作模式中，基质材料可以粘附到增强材料上，从而也可以与增强材料一起从喷嘴20中拉出，和/或基质材料可以在压力下与拉出的增强材料一起从喷嘴20释放。在第二操作模式中，在基质材料从喷嘴20被拉出的情况下，增强材料中产生的张力可以增加结构12的强度，同时还允许更长的无支撑材料具有更直的轨迹(即，张力可以抵抗重力作用，为结构12提供无需支撑物的支撑。
由于头部16远离锚定点22移动，因此可以从喷嘴20拉出增强材料。特别地，在结构形成开始时，一段基质浸渍的增强材料可以从喷嘴20拉出和/或推挤出，沉积到锚定点22上并固化，使得释放的材料粘附到锚定点22。此后，头部16可以远离锚定点22移动，并且相对移动可以使得增强材料从喷嘴拉出。应当注意，如果需要，可以辅助增强材料穿过主体18的移动(例如，通过一个或多个内部和/或外部进给机构-未图示)。然而，来自喷嘴20的增强材料的释放速率可能主要是头部16和锚定点22之间的相对运动的结果，使得在增强材料内产生并保持张力。可以设想，取代头部16远离锚定点22移动或者除了头部16远离锚定点22移动之外，锚定点22可以远离头部16移动。
一种或多种固化增强器(例如，UV光、超声波发射器、激光器、加热器、催化剂分配器等)24可以靠近头部16(例如，在其内部、之上和/或之后)安装(例如，在主体18的基部、主体18的内部、主体18的外部、或以其他方式与喷嘴20相邻)并且配置成在基质材料从头部16释放时，提高基质材料的固化速率和/或质量。可以控制固化增强器24以在形成结构12期间，选择性地将结构12的内表面和/或外表面暴露于能量(例如，UV光、电磁辐射、振动、热、化学催化剂、硬化剂或引发剂等)。能量可以增加在基质材料内发生的化学反应的速率，烧结材料，硬化材料，或者在材料从头部16释放时，使材料固化。
可以提供控制器26，控制器26与支撑件14、头部16以及任何数量和类型的固化增强器24通信地联接。控制器26可以包括单个处理器或多个处理器，处理器包括用于控制系统10和/或12的操作的方式。控制器26可以包括一个或多个通用或专用处理器或微处理器。控制器26还可以包括存储器或与存储器相关联，存储器用于存储数据，例如设计限制、性能特征、操作指令、基质特性、增强材料特性、结构12的特性、以及系统10的每个部件的相应参数。各种其他已知电路可以与控制器26相关联，包括电源电路、信号调节电路、螺线管/电动机驱动器电路、通信电路和其他适当的电路。此外，控制器26可以能够通过有线和/或无线传输与系统10的其他部件通信。
一个或多个映射可以存储在控制器26的存储器中并且在结构12的制造期间使用。这些映射中的每个可以包括查找表、图形和/或方程的形式的数据集合。在所公开的实施例中，控制器26使用这些映射来确定固化增强器24、相关基质和/或结构12内不同位置处的相关增强材料的所需特征。这些特征可包括释放在结构12的特定位置处的增强材料和/或基质的类型、数量和/或构造，和/或所需固化的量、形状和/或位置，等等。然后，控制器26可以将支撑件14的操作(例如，头部16的位置和/或取向)和/或从喷嘴20的材料释放(材料的类型、所需的材料性能、材料的交联要求、释放速率等)与固化增强器24的操作相关联，使得结构12以所需的方式生产。
在一些应用中，必须注意确保穿过头部16的每个纤维在从喷嘴20释放之前充分涂覆有基质材料(即，涂覆足以确保适当的粘合和固化)。如图2所示，纤维可在行进通过位于主体18内部的一个或多个腔室28期间暴露于基质材料。
在图2的实施例中，施加到头部16内部的增强材料的基质材料是多组分基质。特别地，基质包括第一基质组分(例如，环氧树脂、聚酯树脂、乙烯基酯树脂或其他类型的树脂)和至少第二基质组分(例如，硬化剂、催化剂或其他引发剂)，第一基质组分和第二基质组分在受控条件下一起反应或引起反应，以形成包裹相关增强材料的固化和硬化基质。至少两个分开的腔室28位于图2的主体18的内部，用于分别用第一基质组分和第二基质组分涂覆增强材料。这些腔室28包括第一腔室28a，该第一腔室28a在相对于通过头部16的一个或多个增强材料的行进方向(例如，从线轴21到喷嘴20)上与第二腔室28b顺序地排列。在该示例中，第一腔室28a包含第一基质组分和第二基质组分中的一种，而第二腔室28b包含第一基质组分和第二基质组分中的另一种。应该注意，主体18内的第一基质组分和第二基质组分两者的相继顺序在本公开中是预期的。
可以以若干不同方式将第一基质组分和/或第二基质组分供应到相应的腔室28a、28b。例如，第一基质组分和第二基质组分中的一种或两种可以通过喷射器30提供为气体流、液体流或粉末流(参见图4)；通过供应入口32或喷射器30提供为液体浴；通过加压导管34、供应入口32或喷射器30提供为悬浮粉末；或者以本领域已知的其他方式提供。在一些实施例中，调节装置36(例如，相对的辊子、刮板、擦拭器、刷子、空气喷射器等)可设置在第一腔室28a和第二腔室28b之间(和/或第二腔室28b的下游)以在涂覆的增强材料进入第二腔室28b之前(和/或恰好在涂覆的增强材料进入喷嘴20之前)从增强材料中除去过量的基质组分。以这种方式，可以抑制粘附到增强材料上的任何过量基质组分与随后在第二腔室28b内部供应的基质组分的混合(以及第二腔室28b内的混合物的相应的过早固化)。在一些应用中，机械装置(例如，围绕催化剂涂覆的增强材料并延伸至一个或多个喷射器30的管)可用于抑制催化剂与基础基质的过早混合。在其他实施例中，基质组分的固化可以仅在基质组分的温度超过最小阈值时主要开始或快速进行，而不管第二腔室28b内的不期望的混合。在这些实施例中，头部16的主体18可以保持在最小阈值以下，以抑制过早固化。
应该注意的是，虽然单个喷射器30被示出为大致垂直于穿过头部16的增强材料的轴定向，但是可以预期，如果需要，可以使用任何数量的喷射器30并且以不同的角度定向。例如，一个或多个喷射器30可以朝向喷嘴20向下倾斜并且相对于增强材料的轴成倾斜角度。在一些应用中，这可有助于减少基质贮存器28内的催化剂的飞溅和污染。另外，如果需要，可以预期，清洗流体(例如矿物油)可以周期性地(例如，在制造事件的开始和/或结束时)穿过一个或多个喷射器30。
当增强材料穿过第一腔室28a和第二腔室28b时，增强材料可涂覆有第一基质组分和第二基质组分的重叠的内层和外层。在一些实施例中，这些层保持基本上分开，直到增强材料到达喷嘴20。在其他实施例中，在增强材料到达喷嘴20之前，发生第一基质组分和第二基质组分在其相应边界处的一些混合。无论喷嘴20的上游发生多少混合，涂覆的增强材料会聚并通过喷嘴20释放的机械运动都可以增强第一基质组分和第二基质组分的混合。并且在离开喷嘴20时，固化可以开始或加速，这是由于增加的混合和暴露于来自固化增强器24的能量所导致。可以预期，在一些应用中，固化增强器24可能是不必要的，因为在喷嘴20处的两种基质组分的混合(和/或混合组分暴露于环境条件)可足以完全固化。进一步设想，如果需要，喷嘴20(例如，喷嘴20的尖端)可以被激励(例如，加热、振动等)以增加固化速率。
在一些实施例中，除了上述两种基质组分之外，添加剂或第三基质组分可以混合到第一基质组分和第二基质组分中的一种或两种中。添加剂可包括例如，填充剂和/或另外的或不同的催化剂。例如，如果需要，可以将UV固化引发剂(例如，不同于第二基质组分)混合到第一基质组分中。当暴露于来自固化增强器24的光能时，UV固化引发剂可足以将涂覆增强材料的基质混合物的温度升高到上述最低阈值温度。此后，涂覆增强材料的混合物中的第二基质组分可以被触发以引起混合物中的第一基质组分的充分和完全固化。
在一些情况下，进入头部16的增强材料可包括许多(例如，数千个)被捆扎、编织、绞合或以其他方式聚集在一起的单根纤维。在这些情况下，可能难以确保足够量的第一基质组分和/或第二基质组分涂覆每根单根纤维。当大的丝束或厚的纤维带以高速通过头部16时，这可能更加困难。由于这个原因，头部16可以配备有一个或多个纤维梳理机构38，纤维梳理机构38有助于分离和/或展平丝束或条带，使得基质组分可以更彻底和/或更快地渗透到最中心的纤维。纤维梳理机构38可以位于主体18的内部和/或外部，位于一个或多个腔室28的上游位置和/或腔室28之间。纤维梳理机构38可以包括例如刷子、突出物(例如，辊子、指部或固定凸块)的弯曲路径、空气和/或树脂喷射器，以及其他类似装置。
图3示出了头部16的替代实施例，头部16还配置成释放涂覆有多组分基质的增强材料。然而，在这个实施例中，主体18包括单个腔室28。单个腔室28可以保存上面讨论的第一基质组分或第二基质组分(有或没有添加剂)。剩余的基质组分可能已经涂覆增强材料并作为预浸材料(例如，来自线轴21和/或来自上游和外侧涂覆腔室-未图示)供应到头部16。换言之，头部16可以配置成仅应用多组分基质的一部分，其余部分已经在较早时间和/或上游位置施加到增强材料。在这个实施例中，应注意确保在预浸材料被送入头部16前，预浸材料保持在延长预浸材料寿命的条件下，例如在干燥、冷却和/或避光条件下。
图4示出了具有单个腔室的头部16的另一实施例，该单个腔室头部16还配置成释放涂覆有多组分基质的增强材料。与图3的实施例类似，图4的单个腔室28可以保存上面讨论的第一基质组分或第二基质组分(有或没有添加剂)。剩余的基质组分可以在释放端注入、喷洒或以其他方式(例如，通过喷射器30、入口孔32和/或导管34)进入头部16。在一个示例中，剩余的基质组分在腔室28的释放端(恰好在喷嘴20的上游)行进到主体18中。在另一实施例中，剩余的基质组分直接行进到喷嘴20中。基质组分行进的位置应该距喷嘴20的尖端的上游足够远，以确保基质组分充分混合，但下游足以抑制喷嘴20内部的过早固化。在图4的实施例中，如果需要，可以设想，送入头部16中的增强材料可以包括用其他材料(例如，添加剂)预浸渍的干纤维或纤维。
无论用于制造结构12的特定实施例(例如，图2、图3或图4的实施例)如何，结构12可以包括至少三种主要成分。如上所述，这些成分可包括增强材料(例如，连续纤维、丝束、条带、片材等)，第一基质组分(例如，树脂(例如，环氧树脂))，和第二基质组分(例如，硬化剂、催化剂、引发剂等)。并且在一些实施例中，添加剂(例如，UV固化引发剂)可以在制造过程中的任何期望环节处混合到第一基质组分和/或第二基质组分中。出于本公开的目的，增强材料可占结构12的约(例如，在工程公差范围内)35％到70％(例如，按重量和/或体积计)；第一基质组分可占结构12的约30％到50％，并且第二基质组分可占结构12的约0.1％到10％。在包括添加剂的实施例中，添加剂可占约0％到10％。
工业适用性
所公开的系统可用于连续制造具有任何所需横截面形状、长度、密度和/或强度的复合结构。复合结构可包括相同或不同类型、直径、形状、构造和组成的任何数量的不同增强材料，和/或任何数量的不同基质。现在将详细描述系统10的操作。
在制造事件开始时，与所需的结构12有关的信息可以加载到系统10中(例如，加载到控制器26中，控制器26负责调节支撑件14、一个或多个固化增强器24、一个或多个喷射器30，一个或多个调节装置36、一个或多个纤维梳理机构38和/或任何其他相关部件的操作)。这些信息可以包括尺寸(例如，直径、壁厚、长度等)、轮廓(例如，轨迹)、表面特征(例如，脊尺寸、位置、厚度、长度；凸缘尺寸、位置、厚度、长度等)、连接几何形状(例如，联接件、三通件、拼接件等的位置和尺寸)、特定位置的基质规定、特定位置的增强材料规定，所需的固化速率、固化位置、固化形状、固化量等。应当注意，如果需要，这些信息可以替代地或另外地在制造事件期间在不同时间和/或连续地加载到系统10中。
基于组分信息，特定喷嘴20和/或固化增强器配置可以连接到头部16(例如，连接到主体18的释放端)，以及一个或多个不同(例如，不同尺寸、形状、和/或类型)的增强材料和/或基质材料可以选择性地安装在系统10内和/或连续地供应到喷嘴20中。相应的增强材料(例如，预浸料或干纤维、丝束、条带或片材)可以通过一个或多个纤维梳理机构38(例如，在相邻刷子的刷毛之间，和/或突出物上方或周围等)和喷嘴20，并且然后连接到牵引机(未图示)和/或到安装固定件(例如，锚定点22)。基质材料的安装可包括填充腔室28和/或挤出机(未图示)与头部16的连接。
可以在控制器26的调节下由支撑件14移动头部16，以使基质涂覆的增强材料靠着相应的锚定点22放置或放置在相应的锚定点22上。然后可以选择性地激活固化增强器24(例如，打开/关闭和/或由控制器26调节的强度)以使增强材料周围的基质材料硬化，从而将增强材料粘合到锚定点22。
然后可以使用组分信息来控制系统10的操作。例如，可以通过一个或多个纤维梳理机构38拉动增强材料；分离和/或展平增强材料；将增强材料浸没在第一基质组分内，通过调节装置36拧干；将增强材料浸没在第二个基质组分内；然后，从喷嘴20释放增强材料。这时，控制器26选择性地使支撑件14以期望的方式移动头部16，使得所得结构12的轴遵循期望的轨迹(例如，自由空间、无支撑、3-D轨迹)。另外，固化增强器24可在材料释放过程中由控制器26选择性地启动，以开始、加速或完成液体基质混合物的硬化。一旦结构12已经生长到期望的长度，结构12可以以任何期望的方式从头部16断开(例如，切断)。
对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，可以对所公开的系统和头部进行各种修改和变化。考虑到所公开的系统和头部的规范和实践，其他实施例对于本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的。规范和示例旨在仅被视为示例性的，真实范围由所附权利要求及其等同物所表明。

Claims (20)

1.一种增材制造复合结构的方法，包括：
将连续增强材料引导到打印头；
在所述打印头内部用第一基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料；
用不同于所述第一基质组分的第二基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料；
通过所述打印头的喷嘴将所述连续增强材料释放；以及
在所述释放过程中在多个维度上移动所述打印头，
其中，所述第一基质组分和所述第二基质组分相互作用以引起所述连续增强材料周围的基质硬化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：
所述第一基质组分是树脂；以及
所述第二基质组分是催化剂、硬化剂和引发剂中的一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，用所述第二基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料包括在用所述第一基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料之后，在所述打印头内部用所述第二基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，用所述第二基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料包括以下中的至少一种：
在第一基质组分腔室的释放端处将所述第二基质组分引导到所述打印头中；或
将所述第二基质组分引导到所述喷嘴中。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，用所述第二基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料包括在用所述第一基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料之前，用所述第二基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，用所述第二基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料包括在将所述连续增强材料引导到所述打印头中之前，涂覆所述连续增强材料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在从所述喷嘴释放所述连续增强材料之后，将涂覆所述连续增强材料的所述第一基质组分和所述第二基质组分的混合物暴露于固化能量。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述固化能量是UV光。
9.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在用所述第一基质组分和所述第二基质组分中的至少一种涂覆所述连续增强材料之前，还包括以下中的至少一种：
分离所述连续增强材料；以及
展平所述连续增强材料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，用所述第一基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料包括将所述连续增强材料浸没在所述第一基质组分的浴液中。
11.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，用所述第一基质组分涂覆所述连续增强材料包括将所述连续增强材料暴露于所述第一基质组分的气体和所述第一基质组分的粉末中的至少一种。
12.一种增材制造复合结构的方法，包括：
将已经涂覆有催化剂的连续增强材料引导到打印头中；
在所述打印头内部用与所述催化剂不同的树脂涂覆所述连续增强材料；
通过所述打印头的喷嘴将所述连续增强材料释放；以及
在所述释放过程中在多个维度上移动所述打印头。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：
用所述催化剂涂覆所述连续增强材料；以及
在所述连续增强材料进入所述打印头之前，至少部分地固化所述催化剂。
14.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在从所述喷嘴释放所述连续增强材料之后，将涂覆所述连续增强材料的所述催化剂和所述树脂的混合物暴露于固化能量。
15.根据权利要求14的方法，其特征在于，所述固化能量是UV光。
16.根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，用所述树脂涂覆所述连续增强材料包括以下中的至少一种：
将所述连续增强材料浸没在所述树脂的浴液中；以及
将树脂喷洒到所述连续增强材料中。
17.一种增材制造复合结构的方法，包括：
引导连续增强材料通过打印头内的催化剂浴；
引导所述连续增强材料通过所述打印头内的树脂浴；
通过所述打印头的喷嘴将所述连续增强材料释放；以及
在所述释放过程中在多个维度上移动所述打印头。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括在从所述喷嘴释放所述连续增强材料之后，将涂覆所述连续增强材料的所述催化剂和所述树脂的混合物暴露于固化能量。
19.根据权利要求18的方法，其特征在于，所述固化能量是UV光。
20.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，在将所述连续增强材料引导通过所述催化剂浴和所述树脂浴中的至少一个之前，还包括以下中的至少一种：
分离所述连续增强材料；以及
展平所述连续增强材料。
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