CN109986693B - Clay material uniform humidifying device - Google Patents
Clay material uniform humidifying device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109986693B CN109986693B CN201711497094.8A CN201711497094A CN109986693B CN 109986693 B CN109986693 B CN 109986693B CN 201711497094 A CN201711497094 A CN 201711497094A CN 109986693 B CN109986693 B CN 109986693B
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- piston
- liquid nitrogen
- sleeve
- stirring
- cavity
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
- B28C1/10—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants
- B28C1/14—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom
- B28C1/16—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom for homogenising, e.g. by mixing, kneading ; forcing through slots
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C1/00—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay
- B28C1/10—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants
- B28C1/14—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom
- B28C1/22—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom combined with means for conditioning by heating, humidifying, or vacuum treatment, by cooling, by sub-atmospheric pressure treatment
- B28C1/222—Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition ; Plants specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom combined with means for conditioning by heating, humidifying, or vacuum treatment, by cooling, by sub-atmospheric pressure treatment by moistening, e.g. by steam
Abstract
The invention is widely applicable to the research fields of civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, radiochemistry and the like, and is a clay material uniform humidifying device which comprises three structures, namely a stirring barrel, a piston and a stirrer, wherein the stirring barrel comprises an inner double-layer sleeve, an outer double-layer sleeve and a liquid nitrogen injection funnel; the agitator comprises inside and outside double-deck sleeve, and outer sleeve is inside to be the cavity structure, and liquid nitrogen filling opening and gas vent are connected respectively to the cavity both sides, and outer sleeve design has the gas vent: the stirrer and the piston device are respectively connected and fixed with the inner sleeve cover through the stirring shaft and the piston clamping groove and are connected with the threaded screw rod lifting platform through a motor above the inner sleeve cover. The invention has simple structure, simple and convenient operation, easy disassembly and washing and low safety risk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a clay uniform humidifying device which is widely applied to the research fields of civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, radiochemistry and the like.
Background
The bentonite and other clay materials have extremely low permeability, strong water absorption expansibility and high plastic limit, and are important buffering/backfilling materials in the fields of radioactive waste disposal, geotechnical engineering, hydraulic engineering and the like. In engineering application, a certain amount of water is usually added into a clay material, and soil body is humidified by a liquid-solid direct mixing method, although the method has the characteristic of simple operation, due to extremely strong plasticity of materials such as bentonite and the like, uniform humidification cannot be realized in the soil-water direct mixing process, and the humidified sample often has the problems of low water content, low dry density and aggregate particle size homogenization degree, large amount of soil body adhered to the side of a preparation container and the like. According to the geotechnical experiment standard, the uniformity of the distribution of the water content of the soil body can be improved to a certain extent by using the method of standing overnight, but the actual effect is not obvious. Therefore, the direct soil-water mixing method inevitably causes differences in physical and engineering properties of the humidified soil. Meanwhile, in the research fields of nuclear environment scientific nuclide migration and the like, higher requirements are put forward on the uniformity of the humidified soil body, and the uniformity standard is improved along with the reduction of the sample size.
At present, a direct soil-water mixing method is mainly adopted for clay humidification, and a small amount of clay is slowly added with water and stirred by adopting a spraying method in a laboratory. However, the method is difficult to meet the requirement of mixing a large amount of soil bodies in a short time, cannot overcome the problem of uneven water distribution in the soil-water mixing process, and still generates a large amount of spherical aggregates. Kobayashi et al proposed a method of mixing and blending clay in the form of water-containing solid ice powder, and it was considered that the uniformity of solid-solid mixing is much greater than that of solid-liquid mixing, which can effectively reduce aggregate structure and improve the uniformity of water distribution. Aiming at the technology, only Lanzhou university studies the powder at present, but does not research and develop a related humidifying device, and the method mainly adopts the steps of sequentially performing ice powder preparation, ice powder transfer and earth ice artificial mixing operation in a low-temperature chamber at the temperature of-25 ℃, wherein the process of preparing the ice powder by an ice crusher is complex, the investment cost of the low-temperature chamber construction and ice powder preparation links is high, the safety risk of personnel operation is high, and the uniformity of mixing cannot be effectively controlled manually. In order to solve the problems, an integrated clay humidifying device capable of synchronously realizing ice crystal preparation and low-temperature stirring is needed in the current experimental research and engineering operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to realize the preparation of the humidified clay with different water contents and uniform water and particle distribution. Simple structure, easy and simple to handle, easily unpick and wash, the safe risk is low.
The technical scheme is as follows: the stirring device comprises a stirring barrel, a piston and a stirrer, wherein the stirring barrel comprises an inner double-layer sleeve, an outer double-layer sleeve and a liquid nitrogen injection funnel, the piston comprises a piston shaft, a piston cavity, a piston head and an atomizing nozzle, and the stirrer comprises a motor, a stirring shaft, an impeller and a threaded lead screw lifting platform; the agitator comprises inside and outside double-deck sleeve, and outer sleeve is inside to be the cavity structure, and liquid nitrogen filling opening and gas vent are connected respectively to the cavity both sides, and outer sleeve design has the gas vent: the stirrer and the piston device are respectively connected and fixed with the inner sleeve cover through the stirring shaft and the piston clamping groove and are connected with the threaded screw rod lifting platform through a motor above the inner sleeve cover.
The whole device of the invention consists of three structures of a stirring barrel, a piston and a stirrer, wherein the stirring barrel mainly comprises an inner layer sleeve, an outer layer sleeve, a liquid nitrogen injection funnel and the like, the piston mainly comprises a piston shaft, a piston cavity, a piston head, an atomizing nozzle and the like, and the stirrer mainly comprises a motor, a stirring shaft, an impeller, a threaded lead screw lifting platform and the like (see figure 1). The above components can realize the following functions:
(1) preparation of uniform droplets: the water body is quantitatively weighed according to the target water content of the soil body and is injected into the piston cavity, the piston shaft is manually pushed at a constant speed by taking the piston scale as a reference, the water body forms uniform liquid drops through the atomizing nozzle, and the size of the fog drops can be controlled by adjusting the flow control knob. According to the process, on one hand, the end point water content of the soil body is accurately controlled through the quantitative water adding amount, and on the other hand, the control on the stirring process and the stirring uniformity is realized through the control on the spraying flow.
(2) Controlling the low-temperature stirring environment: the stirring barrel is composed of an inner layer sleeve and an outer layer sleeve, the inner part of the outer layer sleeve is of a cavity structure, and two sides of the cavity are respectively connected with a liquid nitrogen injection opening and an exhaust opening. By injecting liquid nitrogen (the temperature of the liquid nitrogen is-196 ℃ under normal pressure) into the cavity of the outer sleeve, the ambient temperature in the stirring barrel is lower than-50 ℃, and liquid drops are rapidly solidified into solid ice crystals in the process of entering the cavity of the low-temperature inner sleeve. The outer sleeve design gas vent structure does benefit to the discharge of nitrogen gas in the outer sleeve cavity, guarantees the effective circulation of liquid nitrogen in outer sleeve cavity. The double-layer sleeve structure can reduce the heat exchange of agitator and external environment on the one hand, and on the other hand has guaranteed the stability and the persistence of inlayer sleeve cavity low temperature environment.
(3) Uniformly mixing soil body-ice crystals and controlling the process: the stirrer and the piston device are respectively connected and fixed with the inner sleeve cover through the stirring shaft and the piston clamping groove, and are connected with the threaded screw lifting platform through the motor above the inner sleeve cover, so that the stirrer, the inner sleeve cover and the piston can be lifted immediately. In the stirring process, the motor drives the stirring shaft and the impeller to rotate at a constant speed, so that the soil body and the ice crystals in the cavity of the inner sleeve are uniformly mixed, the stirring speed is controlled by controlling the rotating speed of the impeller through the motor, and the operation efficiency and the process are effectively controlled.
(4) High integration of system architecture and functionality: three major structure parts of agitator, piston, agitator pass through lead screw lift platform, inlayer sleeve lid and sleeve unable adjustment base and have formed organic unified whole, and system stable in structure, integrated level are high. The system has three functions of cooling, spraying and stirring, can realize synchronous operation of all functional operations, can synchronously carry out the processes of low-temperature environment preparation, ice crystal preparation and solid-solid stirring, has highly integrated system functions, and greatly improves the operation quality and the operation efficiency.
(5) Immediate disassembly of the sample: the mixing tank is provided with an independent inner and outer double-layer sleeve structure. The inner sleeve can be freely disassembled, so that the soil body can be filled and dumped immediately, and the operation and controllability are higher.
Has the advantages that: the invention utilizes the function integration of the device, the control of the liquid nitrogen and the double-layer sleeve structure on the stirring environment temperature, the accurate control of the piston system on the liquid drop preparation and the effective control of the stirring system on the solid-solid mixing, overcomes the generation of a large amount of non-uniform granular structures in the traditional method, realizes the uniform humidification of clay materials, has strong operability and remodlability of the device, low cost and simple working flow, and can meet the requirements of the preparation of humidified clay with certain water content in the fields of civil engineering, geotechnical engineering, nuclide migration and the like.
Drawings
The specific structure of the present invention is given by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a clay material uniformly wetting device;
in fig. 1: 1-a motor, 2-a hand wheel, 3-a piston shaft, 4-a turbine worm reducer, 5-a screw lifting platform, 6-a piston, 7-an inner sleeve handle, 8-a piston clamping groove, 9-a liquid nitrogen injection funnel, 10-an inner sleeve cover, 11-a motor support, 12-a liquid nitrogen injection opening, 13-a screw, 14-a stirring barrel, 15-a base and 16-a sleeve fixing base;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the mixing bowl and piston;
in fig. 2: 17-a piston head, 18-a flow control knob, 19-an atomizing nozzle, 20-an inner layer sleeve cover clamping groove, 21-an exhaust port, 22-an outer layer sleeve, 23-a stirring shaft, 24-an inner cavity of the outer layer sleeve, 25-the inner layer sleeve and 26-an impeller;
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional block diagram of a piston;
in fig. 3: 27-cylinder scale, 28-piston cavity.
The method of operation of the apparatus is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-3.
Detailed Description
The structure of the clay humidifying device is shown in figures 1 and 2. Outer sleeve 22 constitutes double-deck agitator 14 structure with inlayer sleeve 25, and outer sleeve inner cavity 24 one end is connected with liquid nitrogen injection funnel 9 through liquid nitrogen filling mouth 12, and the gas vent 21 is connected to the other end, provides the passageway for the circulation of liquid nitrogen. The piston 6 is composed of a piston shaft 3, a piston cavity 28, a piston head 17 and piston cylinder scales 27, the piston head 17 is fixed and separated on the inner-layer sleeve cover 10 through a piston clamping groove 8, an atomizing nozzle 19 is connected below the piston clamping groove 8, and the size of fog drops can be controlled by adjusting a flow control knob 18 above the atomizing nozzle. The motor 1 is connected with the stirring shaft 23 through the inner-layer sleeve cover 10, and the impeller 26 below the stirring shaft 23 is driven to rotate under the power action of the motor 1 and the turbine and scroll reducer 4. The motor 1 is fixed on the motor support 11, and the motor 1, the piston 6 and the inner-layer sleeve cover 10 are vertically moved under the traction of the screw 13 through the rotation of the hand wheel 2 on the screw lifting platform 5. The base 15 of the screw lifting platform 5 and the sleeve fixing base 16 are fixed through bolts, and the whole device is fixed and integrated.
(1) The soil body humidifying process comprises six processes of soil body pretreatment, sample loading, liquid nitrogen injection, ice crystal preparation, ice-soil mixing and stirring and sampling.
Preprocessing a soil sample: and (3) placing the soil sample to be treated in a drying oven, and keeping the temperature of 80 ℃ for 8h to ensure that the soil body is dry. And (5) closing the oven, standing the mixture, and cooling the soil body to room temperature (20 ℃).
Sample loading: the hand wheel of the lead screw lifting platform 5 is rotated clockwise to move the inner sleeve cover 10 upwards to a certain height. According to the sample preparation requirement (target soil sample mass m)0And the end point water content omega), weighing a certain mass of dry soil sample (m)0(1-0.01 ω)) is poured into the bottom of the inner sleeve 25. Weighing a certain amount of water (m) by using a measuring cylinder0Omega), the piston 6 is taken down from the piston clamping groove 8, the piston head 17 is inserted into the water body, the piston shaft 3 is pulled back to the direction of the piston head 17, and the piston head 17 is inserted into the piston cavity 28 after the water body to be measured entersThe piston clamping groove 8 is used for fixing the piston 6 above the inner-layer sleeve cover 10 and realizing the connection with the atomizing nozzle 19 below the inner-layer sleeve cover 10. The flow control knob 18 above the atomizing nozzle 19 is adjusted to adjust the size of the fog drops.
③ injecting liquid nitrogen: a certain amount of liquid nitrogen is injected from a liquid nitrogen injection funnel 9 and enters the inner cavity 24 of the outer sleeve through a liquid nitrogen injection port 12, and the liquid nitrogen can be discharged out of the inner cavity 24 of the outer sleeve through an exhaust port 21 in the flowing process of the nitrogen. And measuring the temperature of the cavity in the inner sleeve 25 by using a low-temperature thermometer, and when the temperature is reduced to-20 ℃, rotating the hand wheel 2 of the lead screw lifting platform 5 anticlockwise, vertically lowering the inner sleeve cover 10 and finally embedding the inner sleeve cover into the inner wall of the inner sleeve 25 through the inner sleeve cover clamping groove 20.
Preparing ice crystals: the piston shaft 3 is pushed at a constant speed by taking the piston cylinder scale 27 as a reference, and under the pushing action of the piston shaft 3, water is sprayed into the cavity of the inner sleeve 25 through the atomizing nozzle 19 and is solidified into solid ice crystals in the sedimentation process.
Mixing and stirring ice and soil: the motor 1 is started, the rotating speed is adjusted by combining the turbine and scroll reducer 4, the motor 1 drives the stirring shaft 23 and the impeller 26 to rotate clockwise at a constant speed, and the solid ice crystals and the soil body rotate and stir at a constant speed under the action of the impeller 26 to realize uniform mixing.
Sixthly, sampling: and (3) closing the motor 1, clockwise rotating the hand wheel 2 of the screw rod lifting platform 5 to move the inner sleeve cover 10 upwards to a certain height, taking out the inner sleeve 25 through the inner sleeve handle 7, and pouring the mixed sample into a sample container for later use.
(2) Maintenance of devices
Maintenance of a screw lifting platform: in the device, the condition direct influence sleeve cover's of lead screw lift and job schedule, consequently need carefully to inspect the helicitic texture of lead screw before using at every turn, whether seek and have mechanical damage, whether need replace, carry out the operation on the basis of guaranteeing that helicitic texture does not have obvious damage and impurity.
Maintenance of the motor: the motor operation rules are strictly followed during working, dust and oil sludge inside and outside the motor are periodically wiped, a motor wiring port, a fixed screw and starting equipment are periodically checked and wiped, a bearing is periodically cleaned, lubricating oil is replaced, periodic maintenance is carried out after the motor is operated for a period of time, and problems are timely eliminated.
Claims (1)
1. A method for uniformly humidifying clay materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method adopts a clay material uniform humidifying device which consists of three structures of a stirring barrel (14), a piston (6) and a stirrer, wherein the stirring barrel (14) comprises an inner-layer sleeve (25), an outer-layer sleeve (22) and a liquid nitrogen injection funnel (9), one end of an inner cavity (24) of the outer-layer sleeve is connected with the liquid nitrogen injection funnel (9) through a liquid nitrogen injection port (12), and the other end of the inner cavity is connected with an exhaust port (21); the piston (6) consists of a piston shaft (3), a piston cavity (28), a piston head (17) and piston cylinder scales (27), the piston head (17) is fixed and separated on the inner-layer sleeve cover (10) through a piston clamping groove (8), an atomizing nozzle (19) is connected below the piston clamping groove (8), and the size of fog drops is controlled by adjusting a flow control knob (18) above the atomizing nozzle; the stirrer comprises a motor (1), a stirring shaft (23), an impeller (26) and a threaded lead screw lifting platform (5), wherein the motor (1) is fixed on a motor support (11) and is connected with the stirring shaft (23) through an inner-layer sleeve cover (10), the impeller (26) below the stirring shaft (23) is driven to rotate under the power action of the motor (1) and a turbine worm reducer (4), the motor (1), a piston (6) and the inner-layer sleeve cover (10) are vertically moved under the traction of a lead screw (13) through the rotation of a hand wheel (2) on the lead screw lifting platform (5), and a base (15) of the lead screw lifting platform (5) and a sleeve fixing base (16) are fixed through bolts; the clay humidifying process comprises the steps of soil pretreatment, sample loading, liquid nitrogen injection, ice crystal preparation and ice-soil mixing and stirring:
s1: pretreatment of the soil sample: the method aims at uniform humidification of clay materials in radioactive waste disposal engineering; placing the clay material in an oven, keeping the constant temperature of 80 ℃ for 8h to ensure that the soil body is dry, closing the oven, standing and cooling, and cooling the soil body to the room temperature of 20 ℃;
s2: sample loading: the hand wheel of the lead screw lifting platform (5) is rotated clockwise to move the inner sleeve cover (10) up to a certain heightAccording to the mass m of the target soil sample0And weighing m according to the requirement of the end point water content omega0Pouring a dry soil sample with the mass of (1-0.01 omega) into the bottom of the inner sleeve (25); m is weighed by using a measuring cylinder0Omega-quality water, a piston (6) is taken down from a piston clamping groove (8), a piston head (17) is inserted into a water body, a piston shaft (3) is pulled in a direction opposite to the piston head (17), after the water body to be measured enters a piston cavity (28), the piston head (17) is inserted into the piston clamping groove (8), the piston (6) is fixed above an inner-layer sleeve cover (10), the connection with an atomizing nozzle (19) below the inner-layer sleeve cover (10) is realized, a flow control knob (18) above the atomizing nozzle (19) is adjusted, and the size of fog drops can be adjusted by the flow control knob (18);
s3: injecting liquid nitrogen: injecting a certain amount of liquid nitrogen from a liquid nitrogen injection funnel (9), enabling the liquid nitrogen to enter an inner cavity (24) of an outer sleeve through a liquid nitrogen injection port (12), enabling the nitrogen flow to be discharged out of the inner cavity (24) of the outer sleeve through an exhaust port (21) in the process of passing through, measuring the temperature of the inner cavity of an inner sleeve (25) by using a low-temperature thermometer, rotating a hand wheel (2) of a lead screw lifting platform (5) anticlockwise when the temperature is reduced to-20 ℃, enabling an inner sleeve cover (10) to vertically descend and finally to be embedded with the inner wall of the inner sleeve (25) through an inner sleeve cover clamping groove (20);
s4: preparing ice crystals: the piston shaft (3) is pushed at a constant speed by taking the piston cylinder scale (27) as a reference, under the pushing action of the piston shaft (3), water is sprayed into the cavity of the inner sleeve (25) through the atomizing nozzle (19), and under the condensation action of liquid nitrogen, fog drops are condensed into solid ice crystals in the sedimentation process to prepare the solid ice crystals required by the earth humidification;
s5: mixing and stirring ice and soil: starting the motor (1), adjusting the rotating speed by combining the turbine worm reducer (4), driving the stirring shaft (23) and the impeller (26) to clockwise rotate at a constant speed by the motor (1), and stirring the solid ice crystals and the soil body in a uniform rotating manner under the action of the impeller (26) in the low-temperature environment provided by liquid nitrogen to realize uniform mixing.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711497094.8A CN109986693B (en) | 2017-12-31 | 2017-12-31 | Clay material uniform humidifying device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201711497094.8A CN109986693B (en) | 2017-12-31 | 2017-12-31 | Clay material uniform humidifying device |
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| CN109986693A CN109986693A (en) | 2019-07-09 |
| CN109986693B true CN109986693B (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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| CN111467997A (en) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-07-31 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | Batch preparation device and method for bentonite with specific water content |
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