CN109984134A - 一种含几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的组合物及应用 - Google Patents
一种含几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的组合物及应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明属于植物生长调节领域，涉及一种含几丁聚糖和吲哚丁酸钾的农用组合物，组合物中几丁聚糖和吲哚丁酸钾的质量份数比为1:6‑10:1，组合物中还含有酸性物质，酸性物质为柠檬酸、乳酸、醋酸、甲酸中的一种或几种，组合物制成水剂、微乳剂等，组合物对作物促进根系增多、增长、增重具有明显的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于植物生长调节领域，涉及一种含几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的组合物及其在作物促根方面的应用。
背景技术
据估计，自然界中生成的几丁质(甲壳质、甲壳素、壳多糖)是仅次于纤维素的储量最大的生物多聚体，而它又具有比纤维索更加丰富的功能性质，它广泛存在于真菌细胞壁、线虫微纤维鞘、节肢动物外骨架及许多昆虫肠道内壁中。1811年，法国的科学家从蘑菇中提取到了一种类似纤维素的物质，并将其命名为几丁质，后来将几丁质放于NaOH中加热后，得到了一种新物质几丁聚糖。几丁聚糖(chitosan)，化学名称(1，4)-2-氨基-2-脱氧-β-D-葡聚糖，是几丁质经浓碱水脱去乙酰基后生成的水溶性产物，分子量通常在5000以上。由于几丁质比较差的溶解性，限制了它的应用，而几丁聚糖则不一样，不仅溶解性增强，而且无毒、且具有良好的生物相容性，易降解，所以应用范围更广。
吲哚丁酸钾是一种促生根类植物生长调节剂，用于细胞分裂和细胞增生，促进草木和木本植物的根的分生。诱导作物形成不定根，经由叶面喷洒，蘸根等方式，由叶片种子等部位传到进入植物体，并集中在生长点部位，促进细胞分裂，诱导形成不定根，表现为根多，根直，根粗，根毛多。显碱性，易溶于水，活性比吲哚乙酸高，在强光下会缓慢分解。
近些年，由于化学肥料的过量使用和作物的连年种植，土壤开始大面积板结，且重茬、根结线虫、土传病害等日益严重，造成了作物根系不健全、主侧根分枝少等现象。本发明以脱乙酰度高于80％的几丁聚糖为原料，溶胀后经专一性酶水解、控制反应终点、水解液浓缩、冷冻干燥等过程制备出特定分子量的水溶性几丁聚糖。发明人进行了大量的几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的组合物的研究，发现了一种含几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的增效的、质量稳定的组合物且对作物的生长起到意想不到的效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种增效的、质量稳定的含几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的组合物及其在作物促根方面的应用。
本发明提供一种含几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的农用组合物，其特征在于，组合物中，几丁聚糖的相对分子质量为5000道尔顿～20000道尔顿，几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的质量份数比为1:6-10:1，优选的，质量份数比为3:1-10:1。本发明的组合物中还含有酸性物质，酸性物质为柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、醋酸、甲酸中的一种或几种，酸性物质用量占组合物的总质量为1-50％。
本发明的上述一种含几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的组合物，优选的，酸性物质为柠檬酸、乳酸、醋酸、甲酸中的一种或几种。
上述的一种含几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的组合物，几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的质量总和占组合物的质量比为2-40％。
本发明上述组合物可制成水剂、微乳剂、悬浮剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂等。优选的，组合物加工成水剂。
本发明还提供了上述组合物促进作物根系增多、增长、增重的用途。
本发明上述组合物的用途，其特征在于将组合物以10-150ppm对作物植株或部位进行灌根、蘸根或喷雾应用，优选的，以20-50ppm进行灌根或蘸根应用。
本发明上述组合物的用途，作物为黄瓜、豌豆、玉米、辣椒、西红柿、葡萄、月季、猕猴桃、草莓、石竹、菊花、木兰、茶树。
发明的组合物与现有技术相比，产生以下有益效果：
(1)本发明的组合物质量稳定。
(2)组合物对促进作物根系增多、增长、增重有明显作用。
具体实施例
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明决不限于下述实施例。选择相对分子质量不同范围区间的几丁聚糖(5000道尔顿～20000道尔顿时，30000道尔顿～100000道尔顿时)，初步试验发现，几丁聚糖的相对分子质量为5000道尔顿～20000道尔顿时，几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾组合物的促根效果较好。以下实施例中，几丁聚糖的相对分子质量为5000道尔顿～20000道尔顿。
实施例1吲哚丁酸与吲哚丁酸钾的选择
在田间选择生长健壮、无病虫害的番茄植株，选取主茎中部第二穗果着生节位以上分生的侧枝作为插穗，侧枝直径0.5cm-1.0cm，长度10cm-20cm。用消毒后的刀片在选取的侧枝基部迅速斜切，与水平面夹角30℃-45℃，保留顶芽及3-4片复叶；将剪好的插穗置于200mg/L的CaCl2溶液中浸泡25-30min，浸泡深度4cm-5cm。将配好的水培扦插营养液倒入不透光的塑料盆中，用Hoagland营养液配制不同的处理。塑料盆用打好扦插孔的泡沫板覆盖，扦插孔间距为10cm×10cm。将插穗插入扦插孔中，每孔一株，用海绵固定，保证插穗基部1cm-2cm浸没在营养液中。扦插后将扦插苗置于气温20℃-30℃观察室进行培养，并用Hoagland营养液做对照。在扦插后第15天进行根数的统计，每次各组随机抽取15株。
表1不同处理对番茄水培扦插苗根系生长的效果
注：表内不同小写字母表示处理间的差异性，p<0.05。
不同的处理对番茄水培扦插苗根系生长的效果见表1。在相同的有效浓度下，几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的组合物对水培番茄扦插苗促进根系增多效果最明显，其次为几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸的组合物处理，几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的组合物处理与其它处理均达到显著性差异。
实施例2几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾最佳配比的选择
用Hoagland营养液配制几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的不同配比的3.5％水剂、1％吲哚丁酸钾水剂及1％几丁聚糖水剂，以上水剂中，含2％乳酸、10％乳化剂1601。选取籽粒饱满、大小均匀的豌豆、玉米和黄瓜种子，用清水浸种30min，然后放在垫有一层滤纸的培养皿(20粒/皿)内进行常规发芽试验，每处理用移液管向培养皿滴加5mL用Hoagland营养液配制的不同水剂，每个处理设3个重复，并设Hoagland营养液的对照，均于室温自然光照条件下培养。5d后，测定种子萌发的幼苗根长，结果见表2。
表2含几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的不同配比的水剂对作物根长的效果
从表2可知，当几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的有效配比为1:6-10:1时，几丁聚糖与吲哚丁酸钾的不同配比的水剂对豌豆、玉米和黄瓜幼苗的根长均有明显的促进效果，以配比为3:1-10:1时效果相对明显。
实施例3水剂中酸性溶剂的选择
称取3g几丁聚糖分别用10g不同的酸或酸溶液进行溶解，加入吲哚丁酸钾0.5g溶液充分混合后，加入5g乳化剂1601号，搅拌，用水补足至100g，既得3.5％几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾水剂。根据HG/T 2467.7-2003检测该制剂的质量。
测试了含不同酸性物质的3.5％几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾水剂的质量，结果发现，制剂稳定性相对较好的3.5％几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾水剂中，适于溶解几丁聚糖的酸性物质为柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、醋酸、甲酸，优选的，酸性物质为柠檬酸、乳酸、醋酸、甲酸中的一种或几种。
实施例4 3.5％几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾水剂的应用浓度的选择
开展了3.5％几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾水剂的应用浓度的筛选，配制方法参考实施例2。将沙土田畦浇足底水、耙匀，将黄瓜种子播于沙土中，每穴3粒种子，用均匀的细碎干沙土覆盖种子，厚度为0.5cm，并注意保湿。种子出苗后，根据土壤湿度，定期用一定浓度的3.5％几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾水剂50mL灌根幼苗，每药剂灌根20穴，并设药剂对照。以后每7-10d用相应处理浓度喷雾1次，共喷雾2次，其它常规管理。待幼苗4片真叶时，小心挖取根部带沙土的黄瓜幼苗，用水冲去黄瓜幼苗根部的沙土，分别测定每处理的单株黄瓜幼苗的平均根数、平均最长侧根长度和平均根重，结果见表3。
表3 3.5％几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾对黄瓜幼苗的效果
测试了不同浓度的3.5％几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾的组合物对黄瓜的促根效果，结果见表3。结果发现，组合物以10-100ppm灌根及喷雾应用后，组合物对黄瓜植株的根数、最长侧根数及单株根重都有明显的促进效果。所以，在黄瓜的生育期，用几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾的组合物10-100ppm灌根和/或喷雾1-3次，对黄瓜有明显的促根效果，以稀释25-50ppm灌根和/或喷雾应用效果较好。
另外，发明人还发现，相对于其它植物，用10-100ppm的3.5％几丁聚糖·吲哚丁酸钾灌根，对辣椒和西红柿的生根、对葡萄及月季的扦插枝条的生根都具有极其明显的效果。
Claims (9)
1.一种含几丁聚糖和吲哚丁酸钾的农用组合物，其特征在于，组合物中几丁聚糖和吲哚丁酸钾的质量份数比为1:6-10:1，几丁聚糖的相对分子质量为5000道尔顿～20000道尔顿，组合物中还含有酸性物质，酸性物质为柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、乳酸、醋酸、甲酸中的一种或几种，酸性物质的用量占组合物的总质量为1-50％。
2.根据权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于，组合物中几丁聚糖和吲哚丁酸钾的质量份数比为3:1-10:1。
3.根据权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于，酸性物质为柠檬酸、乳酸、醋酸、甲酸中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1的组合物，其特征在于，几丁聚糖和吲哚丁酸钾的质量总和占组合物的质量比为2-40％。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项的组合物，其特征在于，本发明上述组合物制成水剂、微乳剂、悬浮剂、水乳剂、可湿性粉剂、水分散粒剂。
6.根据权利要求5的组合物，其特征在于，组合物制成水剂。
7.权利要求5的组合物促进作物根系增多、增长、增重的用途。
8.根据权利要求7的用途，其特征在于，将组合物以10-150ppm对作物植株或部位进行灌根、蘸根或喷雾应用。
9.根据权利要求8的用途，其特征在于，将组合物以20-50ppm进行灌根或蘸根应用。
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