CN109984078B - Intensive pond internal circulation aquaculture system - Google Patents

Intensive pond internal circulation aquaculture system Download PDF

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CN109984078B
CN109984078B CN201910422327.0A CN201910422327A CN109984078B CN 109984078 B CN109984078 B CN 109984078B CN 201910422327 A CN201910422327 A CN 201910422327A CN 109984078 B CN109984078 B CN 109984078B
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area
water
purification
pond
purification area
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CN109984078A (en
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程果锋
刘兴国
陆诗敏
顾兆俊
沈泓烨
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Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute of CAFS
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Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute of CAFS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • A01K63/045Filters for aquaria

Abstract

The invention discloses an intensive pond internal circulating water aquaculture system which comprises a pond, wherein a high-density aquaculture area, a solid particle purification area and a water quality purification area are sequentially divided in the pond along the clockwise direction of the pond, the water surface area of the high-density aquaculture area accounts for 5% of the water surface area of the whole pond, the water surface area of the solid particle purification area accounts for 20% of the water surface area of the whole pond, the water surface area of the water quality purification area accounts for 75% of the water area of the whole pond, and the water quality purification area is mainly used for carrying out deep purification treatment on a relatively clean water body at the upper part of the aquaculture pond and a water body purified by the solid particle purification area. The invention has high sewage collection efficiency, is not easy to scratch fishes, can effectively absorb excrement and residual baits, has high water body purification efficiency, does not need an excrement and sewage pool at the edge of a pond ridge, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, has high economic output and can play the role of food chain nutrition level of aquatic animals.

Description

Intensive pond internal circulation aquaculture system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an intensive pond circulating water aquaculture system.
Background
Pond culture is still the most important culture mode in the aquaculture industry in the world at present, but because of the characteristics of self closure and single structure, the problems of water resource waste, single culture variety, increasing ecological pressure, large energy consumption, high labor cost and the like are caused.
In order to overcome the defects brought by the traditional pond culture, researchers design a runway type culture module, the pond runway type culture module is rapidly developed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Guangdong, Shandong and the like in China in recent years, the mode is that fish cultured in the prior pond are concentrated in a rectangular water flowing groove for high-density culture, a water inlet end adopts an air lifting flow pushing device to push water to enter the water flowing groove, flow through a culture area and flow out from a tail end sewage collecting area, in the process, the residual feed and excrement of the cultured aquatic animals are taken away by water flow and collected to the tail end sewage collecting area, the sewage is removed by the sewage suction device, although the mode has the characteristics of land saving, energy saving, high efficiency, emission reduction and the like, the sewage suction device has low sewage suction efficiency, further, fish feces cannot be discharged from the pond in time and are circulated back to the water body, so that serious pollution is brought to the culture water body; in addition, the purification area occupies 95% or more of the whole water surface, but has the following problems: (1) the sewage collection efficiency is low: excrement and residual bait in the runway culture pond are smashed by turbulent water and fish, are suspended in water and are difficult to precipitate, although a sewage collecting system is built, the efficiency of collecting the excrement and the sewage is only about twenty percent, and the collecting efficiency is low; (2) the fish are distributed unevenly in the whole runway pool, and are mostly concentrated at the water inlet end, so that the fish are easy to scratch; (3) because a large amount of excrement is discharged into a water body without being effectively collected, the water body is seriously eutrophicated, and fish diseases are more frequent; (4) the structure of the pool type of the purification area is simple, the purification efficiency of the purification area is very low, and pollutants in the water body cannot be effectively absorbed only by the purification of silver carps and bighead carps and the adsorption of aquatic plants; (5) collected excrement is difficult to treat subsequently, an excrement pond needs to be arranged beside the pond ridge and needs to be cleaned regularly, and the excrement is easy to rot and smell in summer and autumn, so that the environment is influenced; (6) the purification area has low economic output and cannot play the role of the food chain nutrition level of the aquatic animals.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the intensive pond internal circulating water aquaculture system which has the advantages of reasonable design, simple structure, high sewage collection efficiency, difficulty in fish scratching, capability of effectively absorbing excrement and residual baits, high water body purification efficiency, no need of arranging an excrement and sewage pond at the edge of a pond ridge, energy conservation, environmental protection, high economic output and capability of playing the role of food chain nutrition level of aquatic animals.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an intensive pond internal circulating water aquaculture system comprises a pond and is characterized in that a high-density aquaculture area, a solid particulate matter purification area and a water quality purification area are sequentially divided in the pond along the clockwise direction;
the water surface area of the high-density culture area accounts for 5% of the water surface area of the whole pond, the high-density culture area is mainly used for high-density culture, at least one cylindrical culture pond is arranged in the high-density culture area, the bottom of the culture pond is shaped like a pot bottom, a purified water inlet is arranged at the upper part of the culture pond, a middle water outlet is arranged in the middle of the culture pond, and a sewage outlet is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond;
the water surface area of the solid particle purification area accounts for 20% of the water surface area of the whole pond, the solid particle purification area is mainly used for carrying out solid particle purification treatment on a water body containing excrement and residual bait flowing out of the high-density culture area, a front-end water inlet pipe is arranged at the front end of the solid particle purification area, the front-end water inlet pipe is communicated with a sewage discharge outlet, and a rear-end water outlet pipe is arranged at the rear end of the solid particle purification area; the solid particle purification area comprises a front end purification area and a rear end purification area, the front end purification area is arranged at the front end of the rear end purification area, the front end purification area comprises a suspended matter purification area and a precipitate purification area, the suspended matter purification area is arranged on the upper side of the precipitate purification area, the suspended matter purification area filters omnivorous fishes through solid particles to purify excrement and residual baits of the fishes flowing into the area, the precipitate purification area purifies the excrement and the residual baits of the fishes precipitated into the area through benthonic animal purification, and the rear end purification area adsorbs and purifies small-particle suspended fish excrement and residual baits through high-efficiency biological adsorption and purification;
the water surface area of the water quality purification area accounts for 75% of the water area of the whole pond, the water quality purification area is mainly used for carrying out deep purification treatment on a relatively clean water body at the upper part of a culture pond and a water body purified by the solid particle purification area, the water quality purification area is sequentially divided into an omnivorous fish filtration purification area, a shrimp and crab water quality purification area and a water distribution tank along the clockwise direction, a water inlet of the omnivorous fish filtration purification area is respectively communicated with a middle water outlet and a rear water outlet, a water inlet of the shrimp and crab water quality purification area is communicated with a water outlet of the omnivorous fish filtration purification area, a high-efficiency filter dam is arranged between the shrimp and crab water quality purification area and the water distribution tank, a water outlet of the water distribution tank is communicated with a water purification inlet, the omnivorous fish filtration purification area can purify plankton and organic matter fragments in the water body, and the shrimp and crab water quality purification area can convert nutritive salt in the water body And the water body is further purified, and the high-efficiency filter dam can effectively filter algae and suspended matters in the water body.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, fingerlings such as crucian, tilapia, loach, xenocypris davidi and the like are put into the suspended matter purifying area to purify excrement and residual bait of fish flowing into the area; laying benthic impurity-filtering animals such as freshwater mussels, snails and the like in the sediment purifying area to purify the excrement and the residual bait precipitated in the area; the rear end purification area is internally provided with a brush array, and a biofilm growing between the brushes is formed for adsorbing and purifying small-particle suspended fish feces and residual baits.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, silver carps, spotted silver carps, paddlefish and benthonic animals are put into the omnivorous fish filtering and purifying area to remove plankton and organic matter debris in the water body, and the content of nutrient salt in the water body is indirectly reduced by filtering and feeding phytoplankton and zooplankton in the water body through high-nutrient-level organisms; submerged plants such as waterweeds, eel grasses, hydrilla verticillata and the like are planted in the shrimp and crab water quality purification area, animals such as freshwater shrimps, river crabs and the like and snails and the like are put in the shrimp and crab water quality purification area, and nutritive salt in the water body is converted into substances required by the growth of the plants and the animals, so that the effective purification of the water body is realized.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a screen for preventing fish from being discharged from the culture pond is provided on the central water discharge port.
Compared with the prior art, the solid particle purifying area is arranged, and the solid particle purifying area can be used for purifying the solid particles of the water body containing the excrement and the residual bait flowing out of the high-density culture area, so that the sewage collecting efficiency of the culture system is effectively improved; still be equipped with the water purification district, can carry out deep purification through the water purification district to the comparatively clear water in breed pond upper portion and the water after purifying through the solid particle matter purification district, can excrement and urine and incomplete bait carry out effectual absorption, the effectual purification efficiency that improves this farming systems need not to set up the excrement and urine dirty pond on the ridge limit of the pool simultaneously, and is energy-concerving and environment-protective, can exert the effect of aquatic animal food chain nutrition level.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a water flow direction structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a high-density cultivation area according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the culture pond of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a solid particulate purification zone according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, an intensive pond recirculating aquaculture system is shown, which comprises a pond 10, and a high-density aquaculture area 100, a solid particulate matter purification area 200 and a water quality purification area 300 which are sequentially divided in the pond 10 along a clockwise direction.
The water surface area of the high-density culture area 100 accounts for 5% of the water surface area of the whole pond 10, the high-density culture area 100 is mainly used for high-density culture, at least one cylindrical culture pond 110 is arranged in the high-density culture area 100, eight culture ponds 110 are arranged in the embodiment, every two culture ponds are combined to form four groups of culture areas for high-density culture, and the culture density can reach 15-50kg/m3A body of water.
The upper part of the culture pond 110 is provided with a purified water inlet 111, the middle part of the culture pond 110 is provided with a middle water outlet 112, the middle water outlet 112 is provided with a screen 112a for preventing fish from being discharged from the culture pond, the bottom 113 of the culture pond 110 is shaped like a pot bottom, the bottom 113 of the pot bottom is provided with a sewage collecting pit 114, and the bottom of the sewage collecting pit 114 is provided with a sewage discharge outlet 114 a.
The diameter of the culture pond 110 is generally not less than 5m, the pond depth is not less than 2m, the upper opening of the culture pond 110 is not more than 0.4m higher than the pond water surface, the water inlet of the culture pond 110 is lifted into the culture pond 110 through the water inlet pipe 800 and the purified water inlet 111 by the water pump 400, the water enters tangentially and establishes hydraulic rotational flow in the culture pond 110 to drive the fish feces and the residual baits to be collected into the sewage collection pit 114 at the bottom 113 of the culture pond, wherein the water rich in the feces and the residual baits and collected at the bottom 114 of the culture pond 110 accounts for about 15% of the total circulating amount, the water collected in the sewage collection pit 114 is discharged into the sewage collection pond 600 through the sewage discharge port 114a and the sewage discharge pipe 500, and finally flows into the solid purification area 200 through the sewage collection main pipe 700 to be precipitated and.
The relatively clean water body at the middle upper part of the culture pond 110 is discharged into the water collecting pond 1000 from the middle water outlet 112 through the water discharge pipe 900, and then discharged into the water quality purifying area 300 through the water discharge main pipe 1100 for deep purification treatment, wherein the part of the water body accounts for about 85% of the circulation amount of the whole water body.
The water surface area of the solid particulate matter purification area 200 accounts for 20% of the water surface area of the whole pond 10, the solid particulate matter purification area 200 is mainly used for carrying out solid particulate matter purification treatment on a water body containing excrement and residual baits flowing out of the high-density culture area, a front-end water inlet pipe 240 is arranged at the front end of the solid particulate matter purification area 200, the front-end water inlet pipe 240 is communicated with a sewage discharge outlet 114a through a sewage collection main pipe 700, a rear-end water outlet pipe 250 is arranged at the rear end of the solid particulate matter purification area 200, and a longitudinal slope from a water discharge end to the bottom of the water inlet end solid particulate matter purification area 200 generally adopts 0.04-0.05.
The aspect ratio of the solid particle purification area 200 is not less than 4, the effective water depth is not more than 3m, the effective length is not less than 30m, a plurality of water outlet holes 241 are arranged on the side wall of the front end water inlet pipe 240 at intervals along the axial direction of the front end water inlet pipe, water is uniformly distributed to the solid particle purification area 200 through the water outlet holes 241, and the front end water inlet pipe 240 is horizontally and fixedly installed at the front end of the solid particle purification area 200 through a support 260.
The water flows into the solid particle purifying area 200 through the water outlet 241 uniformly, the flow rate is not too large, the total area of the water outlet 241 is 130% of the water flow cross-sectional area of the front water inlet pipe 240, and the diameter of the water outlet is preferably 2-3cm according to the characteristics of the feces and the residual bait in the fish pond.
Solid particle purification area 200 includes front end purification area and rear end purification area 230, and the front end purification area sets up the front end in the rear end purification area, and the front end purification area includes suspended solid purification area 210 and precipitate purification area 220, and suspended solid purification area 210 sets up the upside in precipitate purification area 220.
The suspended solid purification area 210 purifies excrement and residual bait of fishes flowing into the area through the purification of omnivorous fishes filtered by solid particles, the excrement and residual bait of the fishes flowing into the area are purified by throwing crucian, tilapia, loach, xenocypris davidi bleeker and other fish species into the suspended solid purification area 210, the excrement and residual bait of the fishes flowing into the area are purified by throwing in the fish species, the throwing in density is 300kg for 200 plus fish species according to 667 square meters, the specification is about 50 g/tail, organic chips such as excrement and residual bait of the main cultured fishes collected by utilizing the front end water inlet pipe 240 are not independently thrown in the bait, waste is changed into wealth, and the micro-flow water culture is developed.
The sediment purifying area 220 purifies the excrement and urine and the residual bait of the fishes deposited to the area by the benthonic animal purification, benthonic impurity filtering animals such as mussels and spiral shells are put into the sediment purifying area 220 to purify the excrement and the residual bait deposited to the area, the amount of each of the mussels and the spiral shells is 250 kg/mu, and the mussels and the like are put in the sediment purifying area, so that the biological diversity of the water environment is improved, and the algae biomass is controlled by the filter feeding animals, and the water quality purification target is realized by the characteristics.
Rear end purification area 230 adsorbs through high-efficient biological absorption and purifies tiny particle suspension fish excrement and urine and incomplete bait and purifies, be equipped with brush 231 display in rear end purification area 230, the biofilm formation of growth between brush 231 is used for adsorbing purification tiny particle suspension fish excrement and urine and incomplete bait, thereby the reinforcing is to the getting rid of difficult settlement suspended particles, above measure can be with excrement and urine, the efficiency of incomplete bait removal reaches more than 80%, the water after solid particulate matter purification area 200 purifies flows into water purification area 300 through rear end outlet pipe 250 and carries out further purification and get rid of.
The water surface area of the water quality purification area 300 accounts for 75% of the water area of the whole pond, and the water quality purification area 300 is mainly used for carrying out deep purification treatment on the water body with the cleaner upper part of the culture pond and the water body purified by the solid particle purification area.
The water quality purification area 300 is sequentially divided into an impurity-filtering fish purification area 310, a shrimp and crab water quality purification area 320 and a distribution tank 340 along the clockwise direction, the water inlet of the impurity-filtering fish purification area 310 is respectively communicated with a main drainage pipe 1100 and a rear-end water outlet pipe 250, the water inlet of the shrimp and crab water quality purification area 320 is communicated with the water outlet of the impurity-filtering fish purification area 310, an efficient filter dam 330 is arranged between the shrimp and crab water quality purification area 320 and the distribution tank 340, and the water outlet of the distribution tank 340 is communicated with a purified water inlet 111.
The omnivorous fish filtering purification area 310 can purify plankton and organic matter fragments in a water body, the area of the omnivorous fish filtering purification area is 40-50% of that of the water quality purification area, the water depth is controlled to be 2-2.5m, silver carps, spotted silver carps, paddlefish and benthonic animals are put in the omnivorous fish filtering purification area 310 to remove the plankton and the organic matter fragments in the water body, and the plankton in the water body are filtered and eaten through high-nutrition-level organisms, so that the content of nutritive salt in the water body is indirectly reduced.
The water quality purification area 320 of the shrimps and crabs can convert nutritive salt in water into substances required by the growth of plants and animals, the areas of the substances respectively account for 50-55% of the water quality purification area, the water is further purified, the algae and suspended matters in the water can be effectively filtered by the high-efficiency filter dam, the water depth of the water quality purification area 320 of the shrimps and crabs is controlled to be 0.6-1.2m, submerged plants such as waterweed, eel grass, hydrilla verticillata and the like are planted in the water quality purification area 320 of the shrimps and crabs, animals such as freshwater shrimps, river crabs and the like and spiral shells are put in the submerged plants, the nutritive salt in the water is converted into substances required by the growth of the plants and the animals, the effective purification of the water is realized, the waste is changed into the valuable, the shrimp and crab yield is controlled to be 25.
Most of pollutants in the water body purified by the shrimp and crab water quality purification area 320 are removed, the water body contains a small amount of algae and suspended matters, the water body enters the biological high-efficiency filter dam 330 for filtration to realize deep filtration removal, the water body filtered by the high-efficiency filter dam 330 flows into the distribution tank 340, and finally the water body subjected to deep purification in the distribution tank 340 is lifted to the culture tank 110 through the pump 400, so that the water body is recycled.
In conclusion, the solid particle purifying area is arranged, and the solid particle purifying area can be used for purifying the solid particles of the water body containing the excrement and the residual bait flowing out of the high-density culture area, so that the sewage collecting efficiency of the culture system is effectively improved; still be equipped with the water purification district, can carry out deep purification through the water purification district to the comparatively clear water in breed pond upper portion and the water after purifying through the solid particle matter purification district, can excrement and urine and incomplete bait carry out effectual absorption, the effectual purification efficiency that improves this farming systems need not to set up the excrement and urine dirty pond on the ridge limit of the pool simultaneously, and is energy-concerving and environment-protective, can exert the effect of aquatic animal food chain nutrition level.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (4)

1. An intensive pond internal circulating water aquaculture system comprises a pond and is characterized in that a high-density aquaculture area, a solid particulate matter purification area and a water quality purification area are sequentially divided in the pond along the clockwise direction;
the water surface area of the high-density culture area accounts for 5% of the water surface area of the whole pond, the high-density culture area is mainly used for high-density culture, at least one cylindrical culture pond is arranged in the high-density culture area, the bottom of the culture pond is shaped like a pot bottom, a purified water inlet is arranged at the upper part of the culture pond, a middle water outlet is arranged in the middle of the culture pond, and a sewage outlet is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond;
the water surface area of the solid particle purification area accounts for 20% of the water surface area of the whole pond, the solid particle purification area is mainly used for carrying out solid particle purification treatment on a water body containing excrement and residual bait flowing out of the high-density culture area, a front-end water inlet pipe is arranged at the front end of the solid particle purification area, the front-end water inlet pipe is communicated with a sewage discharge outlet, and a rear-end water outlet pipe is arranged at the rear end of the solid particle purification area; the solid particle purification area comprises a front end purification area and a rear end purification area, the front end purification area is arranged at the front end of the rear end purification area, the front end purification area comprises a suspended matter purification area and a precipitate purification area, the suspended matter purification area is arranged on the upper side of the precipitate purification area, the suspended matter purification area filters omnivorous fishes through solid particles to purify excrement and residual baits of the fishes flowing into the area, the precipitate purification area purifies the excrement and the residual baits of the fishes precipitated into the area through benthonic animal purification, and the rear end purification area adsorbs and purifies small-particle suspended fish excrement and residual baits through high-efficiency biological adsorption and purification;
the water surface area of the water quality purification area accounts for 75% of the water area of the whole pond, the water quality purification area is mainly used for carrying out deep purification treatment on a relatively clean water body at the upper part of a culture pond and a water body purified by the solid particle purification area, the water quality purification area is sequentially divided into an omnivorous fish filtration purification area, a shrimp and crab water quality purification area and a water distribution tank along the clockwise direction, a water inlet of the omnivorous fish filtration purification area is respectively communicated with a middle water outlet and a rear water outlet, a water inlet of the shrimp and crab water quality purification area is communicated with a water outlet of the omnivorous fish filtration purification area, a high-efficiency filter dam is arranged between the shrimp and crab water quality purification area and the water distribution tank, a water outlet of the water distribution tank is communicated with a water purification inlet, the omnivorous fish filtration purification area can purify plankton and organic matter fragments in the water body, and the shrimp and crab water quality purification area can convert nutritive salt in the water body And the water body is further purified, and the high-efficiency filter dam can effectively filter algae and suspended matters in the water body.
2. An intensive pond recirculating aquaculture system of claim 1, further comprising: putting fish species containing crucian, tilapia, loach and xenocypris davidi into the suspended matter purifying area to purify excrement and residual bait of the fish flowing into the area; putting benthic impurity-filtering animals including freshwater mussels and snails into the sediment purifying area to purify the excrement and the residual bait precipitated in the area; the rear end purification area is internally provided with a brush array, and a biofilm growing between the brushes is formed for adsorbing and purifying small-particle suspended fish feces and residual baits.
3. An intensive pond recirculating aquaculture system of claim 1, further comprising: putting silver carps, spotted silver carps, paddlefish and benthonic animals into the omnivorous fish filtering and purifying area to remove plankton and organic matter debris in the water body, and indirectly reducing the content of nutritive salt in the water body by filtering phytoplankton and plankton in the water body through high-nutrition-level organisms; submerged plants containing waterweed, eel grass and hydrilla verticillata are planted in the shrimp and crab water quality purification area, animals containing freshwater shrimps, river crabs and spiral shells are put in the submerged plants, and nutritive salts in the water body are converted into substances required by the growth of the plants and the animals, so that the effective purification of the water body is realized.
4. An intensive pond recirculating aquaculture system of claim 1, further comprising: and a screen for preventing fish from being discharged from the culture pond is arranged on the middle water outlet.
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