CN1099834A - Sum navigation lock - Google Patents
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- CN1099834A CN1099834A CN94106112A CN94106112A CN1099834A CN 1099834 A CN1099834 A CN 1099834A CN 94106112 A CN94106112 A CN 94106112A CN 94106112 A CN94106112 A CN 94106112A CN 1099834 A CN1099834 A CN 1099834A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/30—Flood prevention; Flood or storm water management, e.g. using flood barriers
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Abstract
An assembled ship lock comprises upper piloting channel, upper lock head, lock chamber, direct water conveying system, staged water conveying system, safety system, lower lock head, lower piloting channel, working lock gates water conveying systems, open/close equipments, traffic bridges and auxiliary equipments provided in upper and lower lock heads, and piloting building. It adopts the principle of staged water conveying and one-run completed accumulating and conveying operation, has obvious benefit of water-saving, greatly lowers water head, simplifies the mode and shortens the time of ship passing through the lock, and centralizes the operation, management and dispatch of the ship lock.
Description
The invention belongs to the ship lock field.
At present, lift lock is by lock chamber, on, tail-bay, on, essential part and corresponding apparatus compositions such as following approach channel, adopt filling of " water delivery; once finish " to let out running, though it is short to have the boats and ships lockage time, the boats and ships turnover is very fast, the advantage that management is concentrated, but the bleeder quantity of " water delivery " is bigger than normal, is replaced by the chain of locks gradually in American-European countries, and the chain of locks is along the ship lock axis direction plural lock chamber to be arranged, from adopting the running of " classification water delivery; classification is finished ", it is chronic that boats and ships are crossed the dam, and the loss of time is too big, and running is very complicated, the one-lane locks handling capacity is less, operational management, scheduling is complicated; In large-scale high dam ship lock, adopt 5 grades of ship lock as China in the Three Gorges Dam ship lock scheme of building, its structure length is long, average water head is high, amount of water to be discharged is big, gate opening/closing often, fleet's formation often, lockage time is long.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of a large amount of water saving, average water head low, simplify the lockage form, the boats and ships lockage time is short, be convenient to construct, keep in repair easily, the sum navigation lock of operational management, dispatching concentration.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: a kind of sum navigation lock, comprise approach channel, head bay, lock chamber, direct water-carriage system, security system, tail-bay, following approach channel, be provided with Service gate, water-carriage system, opening/closing system, access bridge and auxiliary equipment and guide work thing in the upper and lower lock head, it is characterized in that:
A: directly be provided with horizontal type pressure reducer (14) and horizontal pressure reducer (13) in the water delivery gallery of water-carriage system; Water delivery gallery (12) is connected with horizontal type pressure reducer (14), is connected with classification retaining building (20) through direct filling valve (15), horizontal type pressure reducer (14), classification delivery valve (16); The casing that horizontal type pressure reducer (14) is made up of two flow distribution plates in front and back (31) and both sides and six faces of top underframe plate, the iron chain net (32) that the diminishing of banking up in the casing is pressed; Horizontal pressure reducer is made up of bottom tapping plate (31), side plate; Flow distribution plate is flat flow distribution plate, and perforated area is greater than the sectional area of direct filling valve (15) on the plate; After the horizontal type pressure reducer was fixed on water-delivery valve (15,16), valve adopted the inverse-arc shape door, and the back gallery of valve adopts the sudden expansion build;
B: the classification water-carriage system reaches the classification water delivery gallery (17) that is connected with classification retaining building by classification retaining building (20), and water-delivery valve (16) in the classification water delivery gallery (17) and horizontal type pressure reducer (14), horizontal pressure reducer (13) are formed; The floor-type building structure of the frame system that classification retaining building is made up of beam (19) and post (18), its individual layer and bilayer are criss-cross construction, make every layer the water surface and the distance h of bottom surface
nHeight equate that all the time and the volume of every layer of retaining chamber also must equate; Every layer of retaining chamber has water delivery gallery (a 17) group of leading to lock chamber (1) all to communicate with lock chamber, and valve hangs down the water level on lock chamber Xia Zha hurdle, and every group of reservoir and lock chamber are the U word shape;
C: ship lock holds the fundamental formular of water delivery design: l=[n/(n+2)]+[2/(n+2)], wherein n is the progression in retaining building, n+2 is the number of plies in retaining building,
Hold defeated formula: Q
v=[nQ
v/ (n+2)]+[2Q
v/ (n+2)], nQ wherein
v/ (n+2) be water-saving amount for retaining or water delivery, 2Q
v/ (n+2) for letting out or water-filling is an amount of water to be discharged, Q
vTotal volumetric flow rate for lock chamber;
Average water head: h
n=H
k/ (n+2), H wherein
kBe the gross head height of lock chamber, h
nHeight for retaining chamber average water head;
The lock chamber (1) of d, the deep-wall type ship lock formed by upper and lower lock head (2,3) and both sides lock walls (23), breastwork (9), curtain wall (10), the lock chamber bottom is provided with ship reception chamber (22), lock chamber top is provided with 2000 tonnes of bridge cranes (29), is provided with the interlock of locking ship reception chamber on the lock chamber both walls; Floating drum (33) connection is positioned at the outer lift well (24) of lift wall (23) and the ship reception chamber (22) of lock chamber;
The last lock sill of e, lock chamber is provided with the emergency gate group (2) that many group herringbone gates are arranged in parallel and form, and from second level gate, vertical slot (66) is set behind the gate, and water proof bar (67) can insert in the vertical slot (66) and block water;
F, tail-bay (3) are made up of lock culvert and gate, and the lock that enters and exits the closing gate locking for boats and ships is contained by threshold and tail-bay breastwork and lock head bottom surface are formed down;
G, security system are made up of float-type ship lift, waterpower ship lift, ship reception chamber (22), interlock (29), and float-type rises that machine is connected ship reception chamber (22) by floating drum (33) respectively with wire rope group (21) and counterweight (34) is formed; Floating drum (33) can move up and down with water level in lift well (24).
Owing to directly increasing horizontal type pressure reducer and horizontal pressure reducer in the water-carriage system, reduce current pressure reduction, disperseed current, satisfy filling of high water head, low discharge and let out and require and satisfy rapid classification and hold defeated requirement, fill the time of letting out with shortening.Owing near lock chamber, set up classification retaining building building, make in the basic, normal, high dam lock chamber and realize disposable the putting in place of water surface fluctuation of " classification water delivery, once finish " to be finished, a large amount of amounts of water to be discharged of saving, reduce the working head of single-stage lock chamber, the boats and ships disposable safe that makes large-scale high dam ship lock is lockage successfully.Because the miter gate of tail-bay changes the gate opening/closing requirement that watt shape gate or single pendulum gate or double pendulum gate satisfy large and small type high dam ship lock into, open and close freely.Owing to adopt the security system of forming by backup safety system, ship reception chamber, interlock, characteristics according to lock chamber, effectively utilize the waterpower and the usable length of lock chamber of upstream, have simple in structure, reliably, the standard of the equal regulations shipping safety of characteristics, and every index rapidly and accurately.Press the emergency gate group that the step form is formed owing to adopt, after the high worker of engineering finished the navigation task, it is standby that available steel concrete carries out the semipermanent sealing, can keep the unimpeded naturally of rivers natural navigable waterway, recovers to open the navigation or air flight during ship lock is repaired.The qualitative analysis such as the table 1 of sum navigation lock and lift lock, the chain of locks, ship lift.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is made detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a general arrangement facade sketch of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a general arrangement of the present invention plane sketch.
Fig. 3 is a horizontal type pressure reducer schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is horizontal pressure reducer schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is a classification retaining building calculation diagram.
Fig. 6 is a float-type ship lift schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is a waterpower ship lift schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is a semi-floating ship reception chamber sketch.
Fig. 9 is the self-locking device sectional view.
Figure 10 is the self-locking device plan view.
Figure 11 is the stressed distribution map of self-locking device.
Figure 12 is the interlock schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is a watt throttle valve sketch, water level unit: rice.
Figure 14 is a single pendulum gate sketch.
Figure 15 is a double pendulum gate sketch.
Figure 16 is emergency gate group combining form figure.Water level unit: rice
Figure 17 is sum navigation lock running figure.
Among the figure 1, lock chamber, 2, head bay, 3, tail-bay, 4, last approach channel, 5, following approach channel, 6, axis (center line), 7, middle lock head, 8, tail-bay watt shape gate, 9, breastwork, 10, the curtain wall, 11, drain valve, 12, direct water delivery gallery, 13, horizontal pressure reducer, 14, the horizontal type pressure reducer, 15, direct filling valve, 16, the classification delivery valve, 17, defeated gallery, 18 are held in classification, post, 19, beam, 20, classification retaining building building, 21, the wire rope group, 22, ship reception chamber, 23, the lock chamber side wall, 24, lift well, 25, wellhole, 26, the lift well side wall, 27, track, 28, bridge crane, 29, interlock, 30, the pendulum shape gate, 31, flow distribution plate, 32, iron chain net, 33, floating drum, 34, counterweight, 35, the moisturizing cabin, 36, valve, 37, watertight compartment, 38, floating drum, 39, the counterweight cabin, 40, the semi-floating boat supporting case, 41, half close cabin, 42, ratchet bar, 43, skeleton, 44, keg buoy, 45, the water level mark post, 46, connecting rod, 47, connecting rod rest, 48, the lock pawl, 49, push rod, 50, lower padding iron, 51, last parallels, 52, front side block, 53, lock pawl axle, 54, the rear side seat, 55, arc-shaped rail, 56, guide link, 57, to loaded van, 58, stilling basin, 59, arc-shaped rail, 60, the single pendulum gate, 61, peg, 62, positioning guide rail, 63, rackwork, 64, back shaft, 65, the double pendulum gate, 66, vertical slot, 67, the water proof bar, 68, translot, 69, pole, 70,71, watertight compartment, 72, valve.
Ship lock is made up of three essential parts such as lock chamber, lock head, approach channel and corresponding apparatus, directly increasing horizontal type pressure reducer 14 and horizontal pressure reducer 13 in the water-carriage system, near lock chamber 1, set up classification retaining building building 20, the high dam ship lock has also increased the height of lock chamber breastwork 9, curtain wall 10 and both walls 23, the lock chamber structure of having formed the deep-wall type ship lock, the miter gate of tail-bay change watt shape gate 8 or single pendulum gate 60 or double pendulum gate 65 into; The lock chamber bottom is provided with ship reception chamber 22, and lock chamber top is provided with bridge crane 29, is provided with interlock on the lock chamber both walls; Lock sill is provided with interlock on lock chamber, and lock sill is provided with emergency gate group 2,66,67,68 on lock chamber.
Directly water-carriage system mainly is by water delivery gallery 12, valve 15 and horizontal type pressure reducer 12, horizontal pressure reducer 13 are formed, utilize the operating principle of pressure reducer, reduce current pressure reduction, that disperses that current satisfy high water head, low discharge fills the sluicing requirement, that satisfies low water head, big flow fills the sluicing requirement, satisfy rapid classification and hold defeated requirement, shorten filling the sluicing time of lock chamber, guarantee boats and ships safe lifting in lock chamber, directly water-carriage system both can use separately, can use jointly with the classification water-carriage system again.By the rule heap row iron chain net 32 of " long-range orderly, short range is unordered ", flow distribution plate can not be established on the top of horizontal pressure reducer in the casing of horizontal type pressure reducer, and iron chain net can be piled outside the casing.The flow distribution plate of pressure reducer is flat flow distribution plate, and the plate hole eye is circular, and the plate hole area accounts for 40% of the gross area, can uniform or otherwise arrange and put, and perforated area should be greater than the sectional area of water-delivery valve 15, in the water delivery gallery that the casing of pressure reducer can be semifixed.
After the horizontal type pressure reducer should be fixed on water- delivery valve 15,16, valve should adopt the inverse-arc shape door, and the back gallery of valve adopts the sudden expansion build, is convenient to disperse current, increases effect of easing stress.Horizontal pressure reducer can be placed on the bottom of lock chamber 1, is horn shape 13 from the bottom to top.Pressure reducer can use or adopt step that form is set separately and be used in combination.For filling sluicing fast, pressure reducer can directly link to each other with classification water-carriage system 17.
The principle of pressure reducer: current are after shrinking by the flow distribution plate bundle and shunting dispersion, enter again in the iron chains net cage of three-dimensional branching off dispersion, in its process of flowing, a series of choked flow gap has increased the resistance in flowing, and has changed the flow direction, water bundle and flow have been disperseed, current are random circulation repeatedly in the iron chains net cage, and current pressure reduction is lost gradually, reaches the purpose of decompression.
The classification water-carriage system is made up of classification retaining building 20, classification water delivery gallery 17, water-delivery valve 16 and horizontal type pressure reducer 14, by Engineering Control and 16 groups on valve, water delivery gallery group 17, realizes " classification water delivery, once finish ".Hold the storage amount of water to be discharged in a large number, amount of water to be discharged is recycled, and reduce the working head of lock chamber.
Operating principle: build the retaining building that identical with the lock chamber height (in theory) and capacity equate.If it is parallel with the retaining building to seasonable 20,1 at lock chamber, the retaining building is divided into Vd, Ve, a Vf3 volume capacity that equates, promptly the retaining building is divided into 3 reservoirs, lock chamber is divided into Va, Vb, a Vc3 volume capacity that equates, and Vd=Ve=Vf=Va=Vb=Vc, if when lock chamber was expired state at water, its running that holds, lets out, fails, fills was:
Hold: open e chamber valve, the water of Va holds full e chamber, closes e chamber valve.
Let out: open direct drain valve, the water of Vc, Vb continues and releases outside the lock chamber.
Defeated: open e chamber valve, the defeated full Vc part of the water of Ve is closed e chamber valve.
Fill: open directly fully valve, Vb, Va part is full of water in succession.
Hold and let out with defeated total amount of filling to be relative, to be again to equate therefore
Ve+（Vc+Vb）＝Ve+（Vb+Va）
I.e. (Ve+ (Vb+Va))/(Ve+ (Vc+Vb))=1
When the Total Water of lock chamber remains unchanged, establish " holding " (or defeated) and " letting out " (or filling) and equal 1 promptly:
(Ve)/(Ve+(Vc+Vb)) + ((Vb+Va))/(Ve+(Vc+Vb)) ＝1
And Ve=Vc=Vb=Va is then:
(Ve)/(Ve+(Vc+Vb)) + ((Vb+Va))/(Ve+(Vc+Vb)) ＝ (Ve)/(Ve+2) + 2/(Ve+2) =1
If when reservoir is divided into the n level, then:
(n)/(n＋2) ＋ 2/(n＋2) ＝1
According to above-mentioned result of calculation, can be concrete reduce following formula:
1〉fundamental formular:
1=(n)/(n+2)+2/ (n+2), wherein n is a retaining building progression, n+2 is the retaining number of floor levels.
2〉hold defeated formula:
V
Q=(nQv)/(n+2)+(Qv)/(n+2), wherein (nQv)/(n+2)
For holding (or defeated) water, promptly water-saving amount is an amount of water to be discharged for letting out (or filling) 2Qv/(n+2), and Qv is the total volumetric flow rate of lock chamber.
3〉average water head formula:
Hn=(2Hk)/(n+2) wherein Hk is that gross head height, the Hn of lock chamber is the height of retaining chamber average water head.
In holding defeated running, two subparticipations of Vd, Vf operation is actually the fixed value of Vd+Vf according to " 2 " among the fundamental formular n+2, promptly deducts the number of plies in classification retaining building with fixed value 2, just equals the progression in classification retaining building.
The introducing of Vg part can not influence holds defeated operation, i.e. defeated also can be used in the chain of locks held in classification, do not influence classification and holds defeated normal operation, and the Vg part is actual to be that the water yield of keeping on file of the intergrade lock chamber 7 of the chain of locks is promptly navigated deeply.
According to hold defeated principle and running, fundamental formular draws: hold defeated number of times and determined by the progression in classification retaining building, and can hold continuously and transport row, i.e. classification is held and is transported row.The defeated introducing in the whole single-stage lock chamber held in classification, make its disposable finishing in lock chamber, hold and transport row: in the filling and emptying process in the single-stage lock chamber, introduce classification and hold defeated running, the water surface fluctuation of lock chamber is directly put in place once finish, i.e. classification water delivery is once finished.
The floor-type building structure of the frame system that classification retaining building is made up of beam 19 and post 18, its individual layer and bilayer are criss-cross construction, and making every layer the water surface and the distance h n of basal water table is h
1, h
2, h
3, h
4Height equate that all the time and the volume capacity in every layer of retaining building must equate.There is a water delivery gallery 17 that leads to lock chamber every layer of retaining chamber.16 groups on valve in classification retaining building and water delivery gallery all communicate with lock chamber for 17 groups, and valve is lower than the water level of lock sill under the lock chamber, and every group of retaining building and lock chamber are the U word shape, and water level is natural balanced state behind the Open valve.
Classification retaining building is to height, the volume requirement strictness in every layer of retaining building, and is not high to planar dimension, shape need.The water delivery gallery in retaining building can directly communicate with lock chamber, also can directly enter lock chamber from the water delivery gallery, does not influence and holds defeated effect.
Can require to determine the hierarchical level in retaining building according to water saving, and build the water delivery requirement that a classification retaining building can satisfy a ship lock, double lock also can be built a jumbo retaining building and use jointly.When the fluctuation in stage amplitude in the upstream and downstream navigation channel is very big, but sum navigation lock stepization but be no more than 3 ladders, and can use classification retaining building, the water yield of keeping on file that does not influence the intergrade lock chamber is promptly navigated deeply.
In double lock, can build three retaining buildings, be convenient to clean, overhaul the silt alluvial in retaining building.With the flushing of upper water stream, and lay flushing pipe simultaneously.
For the high dam ship lock, but the connection of the middle part of the intergrade retaining chamber lock chamber in classification retaining building is directly held defeated.After the branch progression in retaining building was determined, amount of water to be discharged can be with upper pond level fluctuation influence, and its average water head can not change yet.If will realize holding fast the defeated sectional area that can enlarge the water delivery gallery.
The branch progression in retaining building is many more, its water-saving benefit is good more, though increased the quantity of water delivery gallery and valve, increase burden, slow down lock chamber water surface fluctuation speed for the keying control of valve, but corresponding head reduction, the engaging pressure of valve reduces, wearing and tearing reduce, the performance of valve and the requirement of control are reduced, even available culverts and water gates place of valve, it is defeated more to help holding fast of lock chamber.
Security system is put etc. by backup safety system, ship reception chamber, chain shape and is formed.Floating drum ship lift and waterpower ship lift are formed backup safety system, when the single-stage lock chamber meets accident, can hold boats and ships processings of speedily carrying out rescue work, and the while can be carried out the track protection boats and ships in water surface synchronization lifting.Also can make to rise ship separately and use, its lift well is connected with classification retaining building.
The floating drum ship lift is to be connected ship reception chamber 22 respectively with wire rope group 21 and counterweight 34 is formed by floating drum 33.Its floating drum is made up of watertight compartment 37, moisturizing cabin 35 and valve 36, and the effect of moisturizing cabin and valve is to increase lifting distance.When ship reception chamber is used for small-sized ship lock, can be the water railway carriage or compartment, can be net railway carriage or compartment 22 when being used in medium-sized ship lock, can be half float chamber 40 when being used in large-scale ship lock.
When in the lift well 24 during water-filling, floating drum just raises and buoyance lift with the water surface in the well, and the ship reception chamber of traction simultaneously 22 rises, and counterweight 34 was opposite direction and descended in wellhole 25 this moment.Otherwise, when ship lift is used for small-sized ship lock, can not establish the counterweight shape and put.
The waterpower ship lift is connected ship reception chamber 22 by floating drum case 38 respectively with wire rope group 21 and counterweight 34 is formed.Wherein the floating drum case is made up of counterweight cabin 29 and watertight compartment 37, in addition stackable steel concrete or iron block etc. in the counterweight cabin.If can not establish counterweight 34 when being used in small-sized ship lock, because the floating drum case itself is exactly a counterweight body, on the lift well side wall, 26 should establish water replanishing device in addition, so that the floating drum case can go back up to the lift well tip position, there is certain boat dark to guarantee ship reception chamber.The wire rope of waterpower ship lift is lacked half than the wire rope of floating drum ship lift in addition, and the gearratio of the floating drum railway carriage or compartment case of balance ship lift and ship reception chamber also can be by design in 3: 2, to adapt to the drop of upper pond level.
When lift well 24 begins to sluice, the floating drum case just begins to descend and since the buoyancy tank case add portion's weight of counterweight much larger than the load gross weight (comprising: it is heavy that ship is heavy, wire rope is heavy, large-scale ship reception chamber can be disregarded water) of ship reception chamber so ship reception chamber is opposite direction by the traction of floating drum railway carriage or compartment rises.
Half buoyancy tank is connected the general diameter of keg buoy 44(less than 1 meter by forms that is flexible coupling such as ship reception chamber 40 usefulness wire rope and iron chains) form, wherein ship reception chamber is by watertight compartment 36, half close cabin 41, valve 36, ratchet frame 42, skeleton 43 and water level mark post 45 are formed.The effect in watertight compartment and half close cabin can make the gross weight of whole ship reception chamber reduce more than 90% in water.The available less lifting force of keg buoy (a pair of incessantly) makes ship reception chamber remain at the dark distance of the following boat of water level, depth location and balanced degree that half close cabin and valve can be used for regulating ship reception chamber, water companion mark post can check at any time that then the boat deep-seated of ship reception chamber puts and equilibrium state, and ratchet bar is used to lock ship reception chamber.
When the water surface fluctuation of lock chamber, keg buoy just drags the ship reception chamber that the loses part weight water surface synchronization lifting with lock chamber in keeping the dark scope of certain boat, because the rising or falling speed of the lock chamber water surface is balance relatively, therefore can not produce the up and down jumping position out-of-control phenomenon of half buoyancy tank.
When dangerous situation appears in the pond lock chamber, should open immediately and put interlock 46, and open the drain valve (or retaining valve) of lock chamber simultaneously, half buoyancy tank is locked when descending slightly, should keep a close eye on the situation of boats and ships this moment, when if boats and ships occur sinking, just continue to open drain valve, the just blocked ship reception chamber of boats and ships holds up, and at this moment, just can carry out comprehensive rescue, and cooperate the bridge crane 29 on lock chamber top to speedily carry out rescue work simultaneously ... should be after the end lentamente to the lock chamber water-filling, make boats and ships and half buoyancy tank buoyance lift in succession, the situation of the supervision of closed interlock, and continuation simultaneously boats and ships is rolled away from outside the lock chamber until boats and ships.
Half buoyancy tank is the cage type structure, and the water surface fluctuation that is beneficial to lock chamber reduces the running resistance of water, makes the ship reception chamber up and down balance system.The skeleton of ship reception chamber and watertight compartment keep certain portion's distance, make watertight compartment not have pressure.Keg buoy makes lock chamber have enough spaces to stop for boats and ships in the vertical slot lifting that is positioned at lock chamber side wall concave surface.When half buoyancy tank does not use, may be locked in the bottom of lock chamber.
Interlock is used for the locking of ship reception chamber.
Self-locking device is made up of lock pawl 48, push rod 49, mandril frame 47, connecting rod 46 and lower padding iron 50, last parallels 51.Lock pawl axle 53 is fixing by front side block 52, rear side seat 54.The lock pawl is controlled by push rod, and push rod and mandril frame and connecting rod are connected in series, and connecting rod is controlled the whole lock pawls on the whole lock chamber single face side wall.Though the lock pawl is controlled by push rod but is not required fixedly connected.Single self-locking device is distributed on above the side wall of lock chamber by certain spacing in length and breadth, and the length of the ratchet bar on spacing and the ship reception chamber 43 is corresponding longitudinally.
When ship reception chamber (case) descends, no matter be normally to descend or descend because of load changes this moment, when needing locking, should open immediately and put bar, push rod descends simultaneously, lock pawl this moment and descend to open wide by the weight of himself, and simultaneously with the ship reception chamber that descends on ratchet bar meet identically, can lock ship reception chamber (case).
The lock pawl is pressed in load W on the lock pawl when stressed, the power F of lower padding iron this moment to equate
1Upwards withstand the lock pawl, go up parallels simultaneously and withstand the power F that lock pawl rear portion makes progress downwards
2During the cancellation lock-out state, ship reception chamber microlitre one segment distance, this moment can closed lock pawl.
Self-locking device is simple in structure, and load is big, makes, installation, maintenance is simple.The top that is controlled at the lock chamber side wall of interlock, emergent accurately quick.
The lock pawl is a solid, and right the form that is flexible coupling with iron chains substitutes push rod on lock pawl top, and its mandril frame becomes lifting arm, can move behind the lock chamber side wall.
When opening dynamo-electric actuator, wire rope group just traction gate is convinced rail with guide peg by patient analysis along circular arc and is moved to circumferencial direction, and be the circular arc line rising, simultaneously loaded van is descended in stilling basin, and along with the degree of depth that descends and the increase of buoyancy lose part weight gradually.
The pendulum shape gate is divided into 65 two kinds at single pendulum gate 60 and double pendulum gate, their structure and principle are basic identical, the single pendulum gate is by gate 60, peg 61, rackwork 63, compositions such as back shaft 64 and arc-shaped rail 65, positioning guide rail 62, from supporting the distance of axle center to arc-shaped rail, promptly radius is about 4 times of gate height.The pendulum shape gate is a suspended structure, and it is little to start power, is suitable for frequent use, is applicable to the water head lock more than 100 meters.After the gate closure, answer locking and pressurizing.
Last lock sill emergency gate group mainly is to satisfy multi-purpose project in the interim navigation of construction period, to replace the effect of temporary ship lock.Disappear in case just can spread after engineering finishes.
After water storage level reaches predetermined height, should increase then and go up lock sill with the vertical slot on gate group both sides with water proof bar water proof.
Great multi-purpose project, after emergency gate is finished the navigation task, it is standby the vertical slot on gate group both sides and the 68 usefulness armored concrete slabs of the translot among the gate should to be carried out the semipermanent sealing, even so at any time, in any case, all to keep the rivers natural navigable waterway unimpeded, the ship navigation (alluvial dredging measure should be arranged) that promptly is less tonnage also is important, if in case dam break takes place, in reparation period, use on one-level level ground again but close a group temporarily, the navigation problem in the period of reparation just becomes fairly simple like this.The semipermanent sealing of emergency gate group can be removed a worry of whole great multi-purpose project, and special strategic importance is arranged.
Sum navigation lock is applicable to the ship lock of weir, and the advantage that can utilize its water saving closes weir step ship to be converted into lift lock, for example " 3 grades of ship lock of Karma two-wire " its gross head of the former Soviet Union only is 22 meters, being intended that clearly of water saving, and the water-saving amount of sum navigation lock not only is much better than " 3 grades of ship lock of Karma ", exist but also shorten lockage time exponentially, exactly, just whole navigation amounts of twinned flight locks can be reached iff only building an a little bigger slightly single line sum navigation lock, but also construction scope and investment can be dwindled exponentially.
Sum navigation lock can replace the effect of ship lift within the specific limits, except that the requirement of hinge work is " watertight ", generally can satisfy the water saving requirement of ship lift.For example De Guo Sino-German canal Luo Dengxi " vertical ship lift with float system " hoisting depth is conspicuous for the purpose of its water saving of 18.7m only, and sum navigation lock not only can satisfy its water saving requirement, simultaneously, also simplified its complicated running, improve the security performance of ship lock, and greatly reduced the investment of engineering and management, maintenance, maintenance costs.
" sum navigation lock " according to the defeated principle of holding of " the classification water delivery is once finished ", therefore, its simple principle more meets safe standard, thereby the boats and ships that guaranteed big or small tonnage can be successfully disposable safely by large-scale high dam ship lock.So its overall target is much better than the chain of locks of large-scale high dam.With Three Gorges " 5 grades of ship lock of single line " scheme is example, compares with " the single line single-stage sum navigation lock " of same scale, presses one-way transit, per pass fleet, and its result is as shown in table 2:
China has very superior Channel Condition, but the canalization shipping river that still none bar is complete so far, and cruiseway " artificially " hinder the boat situation very serious, (refer to the Culture Revolution period) average per 80 kilometers, just have one to hinder the boat gate dam, and be wherein concentrated with the contradiction of " water power and shipping ".Because sum navigation lock has and is adapted to the requirement that the differing heights head all can reach water saving, so can directly build ship lock behind gate dam, its overall target all can satisfy the requirement of gate dam.Therefore it is a comparatively desirable scheme in " coordination of restoring navigation " at present.
Present most of ship lock all is to belong to low lift lock, renovating of its ship lock is very suitable for the characteristics of sum navigation lock, and modification scheme is simple, its effect is very desirable, near concrete update scheme: ship lock, build the classification reservoir, its classification water delivery gallery directly is connected with the discharge opening of lock chamber, and former discharge opening prolongs one section again and can all complete.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of sum navigation lock, comprise approach channel, head bay, lock chamber, direct water-carriage system, security system, tail-bay, following approach channel, be provided with Service gate, water-carriage system, opening and closing device, access bridge and auxiliary equipment and guide work thing in the upper and lower lock head, it is characterized in that:
A: directly be provided with horizontal type pressure reducer (14) and horizontal pressure reducer (13) in the water delivery gallery of water-carriage system; Water delivery gallery (12) is connected with horizontal type pressure reducer (14), is connected with classification retaining building (20) through direct filling valve (15), horizontal type pressure reducer (14), classification delivery valve (16); The casing that horizontal type pressure reducer (14) is made up of two flow distribution plates in front and back (31) and both sides and six faces of top underframe plate, the iron chain net (32) that the diminishing of banking up in the casing is pressed; Horizontal pressure reducer is made up of bottom tapping plate (31), side plate; Flow distribution plate is flat flow distribution plate, and perforated area is greater than the sectional area of direct filling valve (15) on the plate; After the horizontal type pressure reducer was fixed on water-delivery valve (15,16), valve adopted the inverse-arc shape door, and the back gallery of valve adopts the sudden expansion build;
B: the classification water-carriage system is by classification retaining building (20) and the classification water delivery gallery (17) that is connected with classification retaining building, is arranged on water-delivery valve (16) in the classification water delivery gallery (17) and horizontal type pressure reducer (14), horizontal pressure reducer (13) composition; The floor-type building structure of the frame system that classification retaining building is made up of beam (19) and post (18), its individual layer and bilayer are criss-cross construction, make every layer the water surface and the distance h of bottom surface
nHeight equate that all the time and the volume of every layer of retaining chamber also must equate; Every layer of retaining chamber has water delivery gallery (a 17) group of leading to lock chamber (1) all to communicate with lock chamber, and valve hangs down the water level on lock chamber Xia Zha hurdle, and every group of reservoir and lock chamber are the U word shape;
C: ship lock holds the fundamental formular of water delivery design: l=[n/ (n+2)]+[2/ (n+2)], wherein n is the progression in retaining building, n+2 is the number of plies in retaining building,
Hold defeated formula: Q
v=[nQ
v/ (n+2)]+[2Q
v/ (n+2)], nQ wherein
v/ (n+2) be water-saving amount for retaining or water delivery, 2Q
v/ (n+2) for letting out or water-filling is an amount of water to be discharged, Q
vBe the total volumetric flow rate of lock chamber,
Average water head: h
n=2H
k/ (n+2), H wherein
kBe the gross head height of lock chamber, h
nHeight for retaining chamber average water head;
The lock chamber (1) of d, the deep-wall type ship lock formed by upper and lower lock head (2,3) and both sides lock walls (23), breastwork (9), curtain wall (10), the lock chamber bottom is provided with ship reception chamber (22), lock chamber top is provided with 2000 tonnes of bridge cranes (29), is provided with the interlock of locking ship reception chamber on the lock chamber both walls; Floating drum (33) connection is positioned at the outer lift well (24) of lift wall (23) and the ship reception chamber (22) of lock chamber;
The last lock sill of e, lock chamber is provided with the emergency gate group (2) that many group herringbone gates are arranged in parallel and form, and from second level gate, vertical slot (66) is set behind the gate, and water proof bar (67) can insert in the vertical slot (66) and block water;
F, tail-bay (3) are made up of lock culvert and gate, and the lock that enters and exits the closing gate locking for boats and ships is contained by threshold and tail-bay breastwork and lock head bottom surface are formed down;
G, security system are made up of float-type ship lift, waterpower ship lift, ship reception chamber (22), interlock (29), and float-type rises that machine is connected ship reception chamber (22) by floating drum (33) respectively with wire rope group (21) and counterweight (34) is formed; Floating drum (33) can move up and down with water level in lift well (24).
2, sum navigation lock according to claim 1 is characterized in that tail-bay weir gate is a miter gate, middle and high dam gate or pendulum shape gate.
3, sum navigation lock according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that a watt shape gate (3) is made up of the stilling basin (58) of loaded van arc-shaped rail (55), circumferential guide link (56), the counterweight railway carriage or compartment (57) that is connected with connecting rod and support, pole (69) is connected with a watt shape gate axle.
4, sum navigation lock according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that putting shape gate is made up of gate (60), peg (61), rackwork (63), support bar (64) and arc-shaped rail (65), positioning guide rail (62), peg connects back shaft and gate, and rackwork is set on the peg.
5, sum navigation lock according to claim 1 is characterized in that the floating drum (33) of float-type ship lift is made up of watertight compartment (37), moisturizing cabin (35) that valve (36) connects.
6, sum navigation lock according to claim 1, the floating drum case (38) that it is characterized in that the waterpower ship lift is made up of close cabin (70) and the counterweight cabin (39) that is positioned at the weight placed on the watertight compartment.
7, sum navigation lock according to claim 1, it is characterized in that semi-floating ship reception chamber (40) is connected to form by wire rope or iron chains and keg buoy (44) by ship reception chamber (22), ship reception chamber (22) is gone up by watertight compartment (70), arrange the half close cabin (41) of putting at interval with watertight compartment, the valve that connects watertight compartment and half close cabin, the support boats and ships hold ship ship railway carriage or compartment skeleton (43), be fixed on the ratchet bar on the skeleton, water level mark post (45) is formed, ship reception chamber, keg buoy is in the vertical slot lifting that is positioned at lock chamber side wall (23) concave surface, and semi-floating ship reception chamber (40) can be locked in the lock chamber bottom by bolt (48).
8, sum navigation lock according to claim 1, it is characterized in that self-locking device is made up of lock pawl (48), push rod (49), mandril frame (47), connecting rod (46) and lower padding iron (50), last parallels (51), lock pawl axle (53) is fixing by front side block (52), rear side seat (54), lock pawl (48) is controlled by push rod, push rod and mandril frame and connecting rod are connected in series, connecting rod is controlled the lock pawl on the whole lock chamber single face side wall, a plurality of self-locking devices are distributed on the side wall of lock chamber, constitute interlock.
9, sum navigation lock according to claim 1 is characterized in that horizontal pressure reducer (13) can be placed on the bottom of lock chamber (1), and horizontal pressure reducer is horn-like (13) from the bottom to top.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94106112A CN1099834A (en) | 1994-05-25 | 1994-05-25 | Sum navigation lock |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94106112A CN1099834A (en) | 1994-05-25 | 1994-05-25 | Sum navigation lock |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1099834A true CN1099834A (en) | 1995-03-08 |
Family
ID=5032398
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94106112A Pending CN1099834A (en) | 1994-05-25 | 1994-05-25 | Sum navigation lock |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1099834A (en) |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102134846A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-07-27 | 长江水利委员会长江勘测规划设计研究院 | Underground shiplock arranged in mountain body |
| CN102535422A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-07-04 | 贾福裕 | Hydraulic ship-lifting system |
| CN102691285A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-09-26 | 河海大学 | Channel ship elevator device and method for solving errors of water depth |
| CN103215930A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-24 | 河海大学 | Herringbone gate with bidirectional water head adapting function |
| CN103643664A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-19 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical ship lift at hydropower station |
| CN103924569A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 江苏省水利勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Wide water region approach channel arrangement method |
| CN106223303A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-14 | 葛洲坝机械工业有限公司 | A kind of ship booster supporting compartment installation method |
| CN106284271A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-04 | 重庆大学 | A kind of energy-saving wheel disc type ship lock |
| CN104778860B (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2017-01-11 | 湖北华舟重工应急装备股份有限公司 | Integrated packaging and lock passing device for ships and integrated packaging and lock passing method |
| CN106480865A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-08 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of built-up boat brake structure |
| CN107117532A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-01 | 中国葛洲坝集团机电建设有限公司 | The large-scale damping water tank steel construction sudden expansion body of sectional type |
| CN111088786A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-01 | 重庆交通大学 | Double-layer staggered-hole energy dissipation cabin for ship lock |
| CN111088787A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-01 | 重庆交通大学 | Three-stage energy dissipation cabin nested in lock chamber of ship lock and ship lock passing method |
| CN111290392A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-06-16 | 长江三峡通航管理局 | System and method for controlling formation and cooperative stop of ship passing through gate |
| CN111676939A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-18 | 中交水运规划设计院有限公司 | Centralized water delivery system for ship lock |
-
1994
- 1994-05-25 CN CN94106112A patent/CN1099834A/en active Pending
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102134846B (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2013-01-09 | 长江水利委员会长江勘测规划设计研究院 | Underground shiplock arranged in mountain body |
| CN102134846A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-07-27 | 长江水利委员会长江勘测规划设计研究院 | Underground shiplock arranged in mountain body |
| CN102535422A (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2012-07-04 | 贾福裕 | Hydraulic ship-lifting system |
| CN102535422B (en) * | 2011-12-13 | 2014-03-26 | 贾福裕 | Hydraulic ship-lifting system |
| CN102691285A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2012-09-26 | 河海大学 | Channel ship elevator device and method for solving errors of water depth |
| CN102691285B (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2015-04-01 | 河海大学 | Channel ship elevator device and method for solving errors of water depth |
| CN103215930B (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2015-04-08 | 河海大学 | Herringbone gate with bidirectional water head adapting function |
| CN103215930A (en) * | 2013-04-17 | 2013-07-24 | 河海大学 | Herringbone gate with bidirectional water head adapting function |
| CN103643664A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-03-19 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Vertical ship lift at hydropower station |
| CN104778860B (en) * | 2014-01-09 | 2017-01-11 | 湖北华舟重工应急装备股份有限公司 | Integrated packaging and lock passing device for ships and integrated packaging and lock passing method |
| CN103924569A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-07-16 | 江苏省水利勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Wide water region approach channel arrangement method |
| CN106223303B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2018-10-09 | 中国葛洲坝集团机械船舶有限公司 | A kind of ship booster supporting compartment installation method |
| CN106223303A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2016-12-14 | 葛洲坝机械工业有限公司 | A kind of ship booster supporting compartment installation method |
| CN106284271A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-01-04 | 重庆大学 | A kind of energy-saving wheel disc type ship lock |
| CN106480865A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-08 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of built-up boat brake structure |
| CN107117532B (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2018-09-28 | 中国葛洲坝集团机电建设有限公司 | Sectional type large size damping water tank steel construction sudden expansion body |
| CN107117532A (en) * | 2017-06-14 | 2017-09-01 | 中国葛洲坝集团机电建设有限公司 | The large-scale damping water tank steel construction sudden expansion body of sectional type |
| CN111088786A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-01 | 重庆交通大学 | Double-layer staggered-hole energy dissipation cabin for ship lock |
| CN111088787A (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-05-01 | 重庆交通大学 | Three-stage energy dissipation cabin nested in lock chamber of ship lock and ship lock passing method |
| CN111088786B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-07-27 | 重庆交通大学 | Double-layer staggered-hole energy dissipation cabin for ship lock |
| CN111088787B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2021-07-30 | 重庆交通大学 | Three-stage energy dissipation cabin nested in lock chamber of ship lock and ship lock passing method |
| CN111290392A (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-06-16 | 长江三峡通航管理局 | System and method for controlling formation and cooperative stop of ship passing through gate |
| CN111290392B (en) * | 2020-02-29 | 2020-11-06 | 长江三峡通航管理局 | System and method for controlling formation and cooperative stop of ship passing through gate |
| CN111676939A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2020-09-18 | 中交水运规划设计院有限公司 | Centralized water delivery system for ship lock |
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