CN109967086A - 一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109967086A CN109967086A CN201910165877.9A CN201910165877A CN109967086A CN 109967086 A CN109967086 A CN 109967086A CN 201910165877 A CN201910165877 A CN 201910165877A CN 109967086 A CN109967086 A CN 109967086A
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- solution
- acid
- nickel
- molybdenum
- hydrogenation catalyst
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008043 acidic salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009582 asparagine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960001230 asparagine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000295 emission spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000011 group IA salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010482 polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000053 polysorbate 80 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N sec-butyl acetate Chemical compound CCC(C)OC(C)=O DCKVNWZUADLDEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxido(oxo)phosphanium hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[O-][PH+]=O KOUDKOMXLMXFKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,本发明采用的聚合物单体一方面起到配位剂的作用与活性金属结合,能够降低活性金属与载体以及活性金属之间的相互作用,活性更高;其次表相活性金属位密度更大,加氢活性金属利用率更高;再者利用聚合物单体之间的极性作用避免了催化剂颗粒的团聚,减少微孔的形成;最后再利用两种聚合物单体之间的聚合作用,通过焙烧形成连续的贯穿孔道,解决了现有技术中渣油大分子胶质、沥青质胶团通过孔道困难,扩散阻力和反应压力大的问题,减缓了重质油加氢处理过程中催化剂的失活速度,很适合作为高脱金属,稳定性强的加氢处理催化剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及加氢催化剂制备领域,具体涉及一种沸腾床加氢催化 剂的制备方法,特别涉及一种具有贯穿孔道的沸腾床加氢催化剂的制 备方法。
背景技术
目前重质油加工多采用固定床工艺,然而固定床工艺存在原料机 械杂质多,容易引起压降;催化剂失活快,使用寿命短;投资成本高 等问题。沸腾床工艺因其不产生压降,生产周期长,反应温度较易控 制,原料可调,系统投资低等特点,成为了一种很好的劣质重、渣油 加氢处理工艺。然而渣油中金属一大部分集中在沥青质分子中,而沥 青质大部分以胶团形式存在。沥青质分子直径为4nm~5nm,形成的 胶团直径20nm以上。相关催化剂从开工运转到失活,其颗粒表面到 中心保持足够的、直径在30nm~100nm的贯穿孔道是渣油大分子及 沥青质胶团的扩散及金属沉积反应的必要条件。现有一些大孔氧化铝 载体的扩孔方法包括物理扩孔法和化学扩孔法,这些方法产生的大孔 是墨水瓶孔道,孔道呈非连续态,无法使大分子反应物进行有效的扩 散,其内部孔道是低效的。
共沉淀法制备体相催化剂技术,采用不同沉淀方式,成胶条件等, 均会对催化剂中孔道表面上活性金属含量和活性中心密度、不同加氢 活性金属的分布以及不同加氢活性金属之间相互作用关系有很大的 影响。采用共沉淀法会使不同加氢活性金属的分布不容易控制,从而 影响不同加氢活性金属的分布,减低了活性金属之间的相互作用,同 时催化剂中表相活性金属含量小和活性金属密度较低,最终影响催化 剂的加氢性能。因此,如何调控加氢活性金属的分布,使加氢活性金 属组分之间具有适宜的配合租用,如何增加催化剂中表相活性金属含 量和活性中心密度,提高加氢活性金属组分的利用率,是提高体相加 氢精制催化剂加氢性能的关键。
CN201410738197.9公开了一种渣油加氢整体催化剂的制备方法, 包括如下步骤:(1)将不同用量混合粉与稀硝酸、超细纤维混合压片 制备出具有三维贯穿孔道的整体催化剂载体。(2)将载体浸渍在一定 浓度的吐温-80溶液中,晾干、干燥、焙烧,将处理后载体浸渍在不 同计量钼镍磷配比的钼镍磷溶液中,晾干、干燥、焙烧制得渣油加氢 整体催化剂。该方法采用多次浸渍、干燥以及焙烧过程,多次活性金 属的浸渍及焙烧很容易造成催化剂孔结构的堵塞及孔道的破坏,且制 备过程复杂,耗时耗力。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明涉及一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备 方法,特别是一种具有贯穿孔道的沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法。
针对现有技术的不足,首先,本发明采用的聚合物单体起到配位 剂的作用与活性金属结合,能够降低活性金属与载体以及活性金属之 间的相互作用,使得催化剂更容易硫化,活性更高。其次,本发明表 相活性金属位密度更大,加氢活性金属利用率更高。再者,本发明利 用聚合物单体之间的极性作用避免了催化剂颗粒的团聚,减少微孔的 形成。最后,本发明利用两种聚合物单体之间的聚合作用,使形成的 聚合物贯穿于颗粒之间,通过焙烧形成连续的贯穿孔道,解决了现有 技术中渣油大分子胶质、沥青质胶团通过孔道困难,扩散阻力和反应 压力大的技术问题,减缓了重质油加氢处理过程中催化剂的失活速度, 很适合作为高脱金属,稳定性强的加氢处理催化剂。
本发明的第一个方面,公开了一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法, 特别是一种具有贯穿孔道的沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,技术方案 如下。
一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,包括:
步骤(1),钼镍活性金属溶液的配置;钼镍活性金属溶液为酸性 钼镍溶液或碱性钼镍溶液;若为酸性钼镍溶液则加入一定量的多元酸 /多元醇聚合物单体,若为碱性钼镍溶液则加入一定量步骤(1),的 多元醇/多元胺/氨基酸聚合物单体;
步骤(2),在反应罐I加入一定体积的底水,将其加热到一定温 度,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的酸性钼镍盐溶液I以及碱性 铝酸盐溶液I进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和 碱液,调节pH值至5.0~10.0之间,制备纳米颗粒I;
步骤(3),在反应罐II加入一定体积的底水以,将其加热到一定 温度,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的酸性铝酸盐溶液II以及碱 性钼镍盐溶液II进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液 和碱液,调节pH值至5.0~10.0之间,制备纳米颗粒II;
步骤(4),将所述纳米颗粒I和纳米颗粒II加入到聚合反应釜中, 滴加一定量的引发剂,将该聚合反应釜加热到一定的反应温度,反应 一段时间后,将制备的球形催化剂前驱体经过滤、干燥后得到所需的 加氢催化剂前驱体;
步骤(5),将所述加氢催化剂前驱体中加入一定量粘结剂、田菁 粉挤成可塑性条形,经干燥,焙烧后得到所需沸腾床加氢处理催化剂。
优选的,所述的酸性钼镍溶液是钼镍磷、钼钴磷、钼钴镍磷、钨 镍磷、钨钼镍磷、钨钼镍钴磷或钨钼钴磷水溶液中的一种,酸性活性 金属盐溶液的浓度以氧化物计为15~100g/100ml,pH值为1.0~4.0。
优选的,酸性钼镍溶液的制备方法如下:取氧化钼和碱式碳酸镍 放入多口烧瓶中,加入一定量的去离子水后,进行搅拌直至瓶中物质 呈浆状,然后缓慢添加磷酸,等起始反应过后再缓慢加热,保持溶液 温度90~110℃时间为1~3小时,停止加热后,趁热对所得溶液过 滤,然后加入磷酸将溶液的pH值调节到1.0~4.0,即得到钼镍磷水 溶液。
优选的,所述的碱性钼镍溶液是钼镍氨、钼钴氨、钼钴镍氨、钨 镍磷、钨钼镍磷、钨钼镍钴磷或钨钼钴磷水溶液中的一种,碱性活性 金属盐溶液的浓度以氧化物计为15~100g/100ml,pH值为10.0~12.0。
优选的,碱性钼镍溶液的制备方法如下:取钼酸铵和硝酸镍放入 多口烧瓶中,加入一定量的去离子水后,进行搅拌直至瓶中物质呈浆 状,然后缓慢添加氨水,等起始反应过后再缓慢加热,保持溶液温度 70~80℃时间为1~2小时,停止加热后,趁热对所得溶液过滤,然 后加入氨水将溶液的pH调节到10.0~12.0,即得到钼镍氨溶液。
优选的,所述的多元醇聚合物单体,其碳原子数为1~20,优选 2~15,可选择季戊四醇、乙二醇、2-丙二醇、1、4-丁二醇、新戊二 醇、二缩二乙二醇、一缩二丙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、木糖醇、 山梨醇、三羟甲基乙烷中的一种或多种。
优选的,所述多元酸聚合物单体,其碳原子数为1~20,优选2~ 15,可选择对苯二甲酸、乙二酸、己二酸、葵二酸、均苯四甲酸等中 的一种或几种。
优选的,所述多元胺聚合物单体,可选择碳原子数为1~20,优 选2~15,可选择1,6-己二胺、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、1,9-壬二胺、 2-甲基-1,8-新二胺和1,10-葵二胺、乙二胺、尿素等中的一种或几 种。
优选的,所述氨基酸为极性氨基酸(亲水性氨基酸),可选择甘 氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、 赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸中的一种或几种。
优选的,步骤(2)、(3)所述的酸性盐溶液I、II为酸性铝酸盐 溶液、酸性活性金属溶液或酸性铝酸盐和酸性金属溶液的混合液;酸 性铝酸盐溶液选自AlCl3、Al2(SO4)3或Al(NO)3的水溶液中的一种或 几种,优选Al2(SO4)3水溶液,酸性铝酸盐水溶液的浓度以Al2O3计为 10~100g/100ml;所述的碱性盐溶液I、II为碱性铝酸盐溶液、碱性 活性金属溶液或碱性铝酸盐和碱性金属溶液的混合液;碱性铝酸盐溶 液选自NaAlO2、KAlO2水溶液中的一种或两种,优选NaAlO2水溶液, 碱铝盐水溶液的浓度以Al2O3计为10~100g/100ml。
优选的,步骤(4)所述的引发剂根据不同反应进行选择,当多 元醇和多元酸进行酯化反应时,引发剂多为浓硫酸等;当多元酸和多 元胺进行酰胺反应时,引发剂多为磷酸、亚磷酸或次磷酸与钾、钠、 镁、钒、钙、锌、钴、锰、锡、钨、锗、钛、锑等金属的盐;磷酸、 亚磷酸或次磷酸的铵盐;磷酸、亚磷酸或次磷酸的乙酯、异丙酯、丁 酯、己酯、异葵酯、十八烷基酯、葵酯、硬酯酸等。其中,优选次磷 酸钠一水合物或亚磷酸。
优选的,步骤(4)中所述的聚合反应温度为100~150℃,优 选150~300℃,聚合时间为1.0~3.0h,优选1.0~2.0h之间。
本发明的第二个方面,公开了所述制备方法得到的一种沸腾床加 氢催化剂,特别是一种具有贯穿孔道的沸腾床加氢催化剂,技术方案 如下。
一种沸腾床加氢催化剂,具有贯穿孔道,孔容为0.6~0.8ml·g-1; 孔径为12~20nm;堆积密度为0.50~0.65g/ml;孔径分布为:<20nm 孔径所占比例为0.5%~1%,20~50nm孔径所占比例为15%~20%, >50nm孔径所占比例为75%~80%;
所述的催化剂包括活性金属和氧化铝载体;
其中,活性金属选自VIII族和/或VIB族金属元素中的一种或几 种。
优选的,以催化剂重量为基准,活性金属以氧化物计,VIII族金 属为1wt%~9wt%,优选1.0wt%~5.0wt%。
优选的,以催化剂重量为基准,活性金属以氧化物计,VIB族金 属为5wt%~25wt%,优选10wt%~20wt%。
优选的,VIII族金属选自钴和/或镍;VIB族金属选自钼或钨。
本发明取得了显著的技术效果。
与现有技术相比较,本发明具有以下优点:
本发明采用聚合物单体为分散剂,依靠聚合物单体的极性作用, 避免了颗粒之间的团聚,减少了微孔及无用孔的形成;然后利用聚合 物单体之间的共聚作用使得颗粒之间聚集,聚合物则在颗粒之间形成 连续的贯穿孔道,解决了现有技术中渣油大分子胶质、沥青质胶团通 过孔道困难,扩散阻力和反应压力大的问题,减缓了重质油加氢处理 过程中催化剂的失活速度。本发明采用聚合物单体作为配位剂,与活 性金属之间配位,形成催化剂后能够降低活性金属与载体以及活性金 属之间的相互作用,使得催化剂更容易硫化,活性更高;其次表相活 性金属位密度更大,加氢活性金属利用率更高,更容易被硫化成具有更高加氢活性的II类活性相,同时减少了没有加氢活性的尖晶石的形 成。本发明的聚合物单体与活性金属配位体的存在,焙烧后更多的活 性金属能够暴露到催化剂连续贯穿孔道表面中,从而提高了表相活性 金属的密度;从而大大提高了催化剂的加氢活性,且该制备方法简单、 生产成本低。本发明制备的加氢催化剂孔径及孔容较大,孔径分布十 分集中,很适合用于蜡油、渣油等劣质原料沸腾床催化剂的制备。
附图说明
图1为本发明方法中加氢催化剂贯穿孔道示意图一。
图2为本发明方法中加氢催化剂贯穿孔道示意图二
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明的加氢催化剂的制备方法进行更 详细的描述。实施例只是对本发明方法的具体实施方式的举例说明, 并不构成本发明保护范围的限制。
本发明中,比表面积和孔容采用低温液氮吸附法测定,催化剂表 相活性金属含量采用X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)测定,催化剂体相活 性金属含量采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定; 催化剂孔道结构采用扫描电镜进行测定。
实施例1
本实施例介绍Mo、Ni、P原始溶液的配制方法。本实施例只配 制一种浓度及比例的Mo、Ni、P原始溶液,可根据所介绍的方法, 配制其他比例及浓度的溶液。
取386g氧化钼,123g碱式碳酸镍放入多口烧瓶中,加入一定量 的去离子水后,进行搅拌直至瓶中物质呈浆状,然后缓慢添加86g磷 酸,等起始反应过后再缓慢加热,保持溶液温度90~110℃时间为1~ 3小时,停止加热后,趁热对所得溶液过滤,然后加入磷酸将溶液的 pH值调节到1.0~4.0,即得到原始酸性钼镍溶液。溶液组成为MoO3: 69.27g/100ml;NiO:12.49g/100ml。
取296g钼酸铵,105g硝酸镍放入多口烧瓶中,加入一定量的去 离子水后,进行搅拌直至瓶中物质呈浆状,然后缓慢添加150g氨水, 等起始反应过后再缓慢加热,保持溶液温度70~80℃时间为1~2小 时,停止加热后,趁热对所得溶液过滤,然后加入氨水将溶液的pH 调节到10.0~12.0,即得到原始碱性钼镍溶液。溶液组成为MoO3: 58.2g/100ml;NiO:10.5g/100ml。
以上酸性和碱性活性金属溶液可以按照需要加入一定比例的水 进行稀释,得到所需浓度的活性金属溶液。
实施例2
在1000ml浓度MoO3:31.21g/100ml;NiO:6.35g/100ml的酸性 钼镍溶液I中加入15g乙二醇搅拌均匀。在反应罐I加入5L的底水, 将其加热到65℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的酸性钼镍盐 溶液I以及Al2O3浓度为18g/100ml的偏铝酸钠溶液I进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至~7.5, 制备纳米颗粒I;
在1000ml浓度MoO3:28.21g/100ml;NiO:5.75g/100ml的碱性 钼镍溶液II中加入20g乙二胺搅拌均匀。在反应罐II加入5L的底水 以,将其加热到65℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的Al2O3浓度为9g/100ml的硫酸铝溶液II以及碱性钼镍盐溶液II进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至~8.5, 制备纳米颗粒II;
将所述纳米颗粒I和纳米颗粒II加入到聚合反应釜中,滴加一定 量的硫酸作为引发剂,将该聚合反应釜加热到95℃,反应1h后,将 制备的催化剂前驱体经过滤、干燥后得到所需的加氢催化剂前驱体;
将所述加氢催化剂前驱体中加入一定量粘结剂、田菁粉挤成可塑 性条形经干燥焙烧后得到所需沸腾床催化剂,记作A。
催化剂孔道结构采用扫描电镜进行测定,如图1、2所示。
实施例3
在1000ml浓度MoO3:30.25g/100ml;NiO:6.22g/100ml的酸性 钼镍溶液I中加入20g柠檬酸搅拌均匀。在反应罐I加入5L的底水, 将其加热到70℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的酸性钼镍盐 溶液I以及Al2O3浓度为25g/100ml的偏铝酸钠溶液I进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至~7.2, 制备纳米颗粒I;
在1000ml浓度MoO3:26.21g/100ml;NiO:5.85g/100ml的碱性 钼镍溶液II中加入20g乙二醇搅拌均匀。在反应罐II加入5L的底水 以,将其加热到65℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的Al2O3浓度为15g/100ml的硫酸铝溶液II以及碱性钼镍盐溶液II进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至~8.0, 制备纳米颗粒II;
将所述纳米颗粒I和纳米颗粒II加入到聚合反应釜中,滴加一定 量的硫酸作为引发剂,将该聚合反应釜加热到110℃,反应2h后, 将制备的催化剂前驱体经过滤、干燥后得到所需的加氢催化剂前驱体;
将所述加氢催化剂前驱体中加入一定量粘结剂、田菁粉挤成可塑 性条形经干燥焙烧后得到所需沸腾床催化剂,记作B。
实施例4
在1000ml浓度MoO3:31.75g/100ml;NiO:6.54g/100ml的酸性 钼镍溶液I中加入25g一缩二乙二醇搅拌均匀。在反应罐I加入5L 的底水,将其加热到75℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的酸 性钼镍盐溶液I以及Al2O3浓度为27g/100ml的偏铝酸钠溶液I进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值 至~7.0,制备纳米颗粒I;
在1000ml浓度MoO3:22.56g/100ml;NiO:5.69g/100ml的碱性 钼镍溶液II中加入15g尿素搅拌均匀。在反应罐II加入5L的底水以, 将其加热到75℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的Al2O3浓度为 20g/100ml的硫酸铝溶液II以及碱性钼镍盐溶液II进料口,以一定的 进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至~7.6,制备 纳米颗粒II;
将所述纳米颗粒I和纳米颗粒II加入到聚合反应釜中,滴加一定 量的硫酸作为引发剂,将该聚合反应釜加热到100℃,反应2h后, 将制备的催化剂前驱体经过滤、干燥后得到所需的加氢催化剂前驱体;
将所述加氢催化剂前驱体中加入一定量粘结剂、田菁粉挤成可塑 性条形经干燥焙烧后得到所需沸腾床催化剂,记作C。
实施例5
在1000ml浓度MoO3:31.75g/100ml;NiO:6.54g/100ml的酸性 钼镍溶液I中加入25g己二酸搅拌均匀。在反应罐I加入5L的底水, 将其加热到80℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的酸性钼镍盐 溶液I以及Al2O3浓度为30g/100ml的偏铝酸钠溶液I进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至~8.0, 制备纳米颗粒I;
在1000ml浓度MoO3:20.76g/100ml;NiO:6.59g/100ml的碱性 钼镍溶液II中加入20g尿素搅拌均匀。在反应罐II加入5L的底水以, 将其加热到70℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的Al2O3浓度为 15g/100ml的硫酸铝溶液II以及碱性钼镍盐溶液II进料口,以一定的 进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至~8.0,制备 纳米颗粒II;
将所述纳米颗粒I和纳米颗粒II加入到聚合反应釜中,滴加一定 量的硫酸作为引发剂,将该聚合反应釜加热到120℃,反应1h后, 将制备的催化剂前驱体经过滤、干燥后得到所需的加氢催化剂前驱体;
将所述加氢催化剂前驱体中加入一定量粘结剂、田菁粉挤成可塑 性条形经干燥焙烧后得到所需沸腾床催化剂,记作D。
比较例1
在1000ml浓度MoO3:31.75g/100ml;NiO:6.54g/100ml的酸性 钼镍溶液I中加入25g己二酸搅拌均匀。在反应罐I加入5L的底水, 将其加热到80℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的酸性钼镍盐 溶液I以及Al2O3浓度为30g/100ml的偏铝酸钠溶液I进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至~8.0, 反应一段时间老化后经过滤、干燥制备得到加氢催化剂前驱体,将所 述加氢催化剂前驱体中加入一定量粘结剂、田菁粉挤成可塑性条形经 干燥焙烧后得到所需沸腾床催化剂,记作E。
比较例2
在1000ml的碱性钼镍溶液II中加入20g尿素搅拌均匀。在反应 罐II加入5L的底水以,将其加热到70℃,然后启动搅拌器,开启反 应器上端的Al2O3浓度为15g/100ml的硫酸铝溶液II以及碱性钼镍盐 溶液II进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液, 调节pH值至~7.5,反应一段时间老化后经过滤、干燥制备得到加氢 催化剂前驱体,将所述加氢催化剂前驱体中加入一定量粘结剂、田菁 粉挤成可塑性条形经干燥焙烧后得到所需沸腾床催化剂,记作F。
比较例3
在反应罐加入5L的底水,将反应罐的温度加热到80℃,反应罐 搅拌速率调整到500rad/min;开启反应器上端进料口,以120ml/min 的流速将进料I(浓度为60g/100mlAl2O3的硫酸铝溶液和浓度MoO3: 31.75g/100ml;NiO:6.54g/100ml的酸性活性金属溶液的混合溶液) 自酸液进料口加入,以100ml/min的流速将进料II(浓度为60g/100ml Al2O3的偏铝酸钠溶液和浓度MoO3:20.76g/100ml;NiO:6.59g/100ml 的碱性活性金属溶液的混合溶液)自碱液进料口加入,调节pH值至 7.5之间,反应一段时间之后进行老化,经过滤、干燥得到加氢催化 剂前驱体,将所述加氢催化剂前驱体中加入一定量粘结剂、田菁粉挤 成可塑性条形经干燥焙烧后得到所需沸腾床催化剂,记作G。
表1 实施例及比较例制备的沸腾床加氢催化剂性质
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | |
比表面积,m<sup>2</sup>/g | 187 | 185 | 195 | 205 | 124 | 137 | 138 |
孔容,ml/g | 0.80 | 0.78 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.54 | 0.55 | 0.56 |
堆积密度,g/ml | 0.50 | 0.51 | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.70 | 0.71 | 0.71 |
MoO<sub>3</sub>,wt% | 24.5 | 24.9 | 25.0 | 23.9 | 24.7 | 24.8 | 23.6 |
NiO,wt% | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
孔径分布,% | |||||||
<20nm | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 10.2 |
20~50nm | 19.0 | 19.2 | 20.0 | 19.9 | 32.1 | 34.3 | 52.1 |
>50nm | 80.0 | 80.0 | 79.9 | 79.4 | 62.3 | 59.7 | 62.3 |
实施例6
催化剂活性评价实验在100mL小型加氢装置上进行,活性评价 前对催化剂进行预硫化。催化剂在反应总压15.5MPa,体积空速1.0h-1, 氢油体积比800∶1,反应温度为380℃,进行了2000h的稳定运转评 价,原料油性质和评价结果分别见表2~表4。
表2 原料油性质。
原料油 | 福建混合油 |
密度(20℃),g·cm<sup>-3</sup> | 0.985 |
残炭,wt% | 3.19 |
S,wt% | 2.54 |
N,μg·g<sup>-1</sup> | 1601 |
Ni+V,μg·g<sup>-1</sup> | 10.2 |
表3 催化剂活性评价结果
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | |
相对脱硫活性 | 153 | 150 | 151 | 152 | 112 | 114 | 100 |
相对脱氮活性 | 145 | 144 | 147 | 149 | 108 | 112 | 100 |
相对脱金属活性 | 121 | 120 | 123 | 125 | 105 | 104 | 100 |
表4 2000h运转后卸出催化剂金属杂质径向分布
由表4的数据可以看出,本发明方法所制备的催化剂在相同工艺 条件下,其内部利用率更高,催化剂具有更高的加氢脱硫,脱氮及脱 金属活性。
Claims (10)
1.一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤(1),钼镍活性金属溶液的配置;钼镍活性金属溶液为酸性钼镍溶液或碱性钼镍溶液;若为酸性钼镍溶液则加入一定量的多元酸/多元醇聚合物单体;若为碱性钼镍溶液则加入一定量的多元醇/多元胺/氨基酸聚合物单体;
步骤(2),在反应罐I加入一定体积的底水,将其加热到一定温度,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的酸性钼镍盐溶液I以及碱性铝酸盐溶液I进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至5.0~10.0之间,制备纳米颗粒I;
步骤(3),在反应罐II加入一定体积的底水以,将其加热到一定温度,然后启动搅拌器,开启反应器上端的酸性铝酸盐溶液II以及碱性钼镍盐溶液II进料口,以一定的进料速度并流滴加一定浓度的酸液和碱液,调节pH值至5.0~10.0之间,制备纳米颗粒II;
步骤(4),将所述纳米颗粒I和纳米颗粒II加入到聚合反应釜中,滴加一定量的引发剂,将该聚合反应釜加热到一定的反应温度,反应一段时间后,将制备的球形催化剂前驱体经过滤、干燥后得到所需的加氢催化剂前驱体;
步骤(5),将所述加氢催化剂前驱体中加入一定量粘结剂、田菁粉挤成可塑性条形,经干燥,焙烧后得到所需沸腾床加氢处理催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的酸性钼镍溶液是钼镍磷、钼钴磷、钼钴镍磷、钨镍磷、钨钼镍磷、钨钼镍钴磷或钨钼钴磷水溶液中的一种,酸性活性金属盐溶液的浓度以氧化物计为15~100g/100ml,pH值为1.0~4.0。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的碱性钼镍溶液是钼镍氨、钼钴氨、钼钴镍氨、钨镍磷、钨钼镍磷、钨钼镍钴磷或钨钼钴磷水溶液中的一种,碱性活性金属盐溶液的浓度以氧化物计为15~100g/100ml,pH值为10.0~12.0。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的多元醇聚合物单体,其碳原子数为1~20,选择季戊四醇、乙二醇、2-丙二醇、1、4-丁二醇、新戊二醇、二缩二乙二醇、一缩二丙二醇、三羟甲基丙烷、甘油、木糖醇、山梨醇、三羟甲基乙烷中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多元酸聚合物单体,其碳原子数为1~20,选择对苯二甲酸、乙二酸、己二酸、葵二酸、均苯四甲酸中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述多元胺聚合物单体,选择碳原子数为1~20,选择1,6-己二胺、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、1,9-壬二胺、2-甲基-1,8-新二胺和1,10-葵二胺、乙二胺、尿素中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述氨基酸为极性氨基酸(亲水性氨基酸),可选择甘氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述的聚合反应温度为100~150℃,聚合时间为1.0~3.0h。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂的制备方法得到的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂,具有贯穿孔道,孔容为0.6~0.8ml·g-1;孔径为12~20nm;堆积密度为0.50~0.65g/ml;孔径分布为:<20nm 孔径所占比例为0.5%~1%,20~50nm孔径所占比例为15%~20%,>50nm孔径所占比例为75%~80%;
所述的催化剂包括活性金属和氧化铝载体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种沸腾床加氢催化剂,其特征在于,其中,活性金属选自VIII族和/或VIB族金属元素中的一种或几种。
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