CN109964740B - Method for controlling splendid achnatherum spreading - Google Patents

Method for controlling splendid achnatherum spreading Download PDF

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CN109964740B
CN109964740B CN201910213677.6A CN201910213677A CN109964740B CN 109964740 B CN109964740 B CN 109964740B CN 201910213677 A CN201910213677 A CN 201910213677A CN 109964740 B CN109964740 B CN 109964740B
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splendid achnatherum
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pesticide
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CN109964740A (en
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孙娟
胡警匀
李炼
栗振义
董书伟
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N35/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical
    • A01N35/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical at least one of the bonds to hetero atoms is to nitrogen
    • A01N35/10—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. aldehyde radical at least one of the bonds to hetero atoms is to nitrogen containing a carbon-to-nitrogen double bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/60—1,4-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-diazines

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for controlling the spread of splendid achnatherum, which is safe and efficient and can be used for preventing and killing off the splendid achnatherum by a chemical prevention and killing off method. The invention discovers that the effective component weight ratio of the spraying is 112.5:31.6g/hm2The sethoxydim and quizalofop-p-ethyl have obvious control effect on splendid achnatherum, and the fresh weight control effect is 97.97% in 30 days.

Description

Method for controlling splendid achnatherum spreading
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of harmful plant control, in particular to a method for controlling the spread of splendid achnatherum.
Background
Splendid Achnatherum splendens (Achnatherum splendens T.) is a perennial grass of Gramineae, and is widely distributed in Mongolia, Xinjiang, Qinghai-Tibet plateau and Hebei province in China. Splendid achnatherum is a good forage grass for livestock when young and tender; after the growth of the grassland for many years, the stem leaves are rough, have high toughness and low quality, are difficult to feed for livestock, and have the phenomenon of withered and yellow root rot in the middle of peripheral growth, thereby reducing the quality and the yield of the grassland. Therefore, splendid achnatherum splendens shoal becomes an important area for improving natural grassland. At present, the generation area of splendid achnatherum is continuously enlarged, and the ecological balance of grassland is seriously damaged.
Splendid achnatherum has the characteristics of high seed yield, large propagation coefficient, tall and big plant, firm root system and continuous piece type distribution, so the manual drawing is difficult, and the splendid achnatherum can also become a new propagation source if the plant is not treated properly. If mechanical weeding is used, the weeding depth is difficult to control, and the weeding machine has great damage to the grassland. Therefore, chemical control is a safe and effective means.
The sethoxydim is a low-toxicity and systemic stem and leaf treating agent, is conducted to the top of a plant and an internode meristem, and destroys the cell division; quizalofop-p-ethyl is a low-toxicity and systemic stem leaf herbicide, and is accumulated on the top of a plant and an internode meristem by bidirectional conduction, so that the synthesis of cell fatty acid is inhibited. According to the invention, by utilizing the sensitivity difference of different grassland plants to the sethoxydim and the quizalofop-p-ethyl and matching with the application of the pesticide in the green turning period or the later period of the stumping of the adult plants, the spraying concentration and the compatibility proportion which have obvious control effect on splendid achnatherum and have little influence on the growth and development of other grassland plants around the splendid achnatherum are screened out. The invention not only saves time and labor, but also has quick response, good effect and less damage to the environment, and is particularly suitable for spread weeds which are distributed like splendid achnatherum in a connected-piece manner.
The invention provides a new method for controlling the spread of splendid achnatherum on the grassland and effectively protects the ecological balance of the grassland.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the inventor provides a chemical prevention and elimination method for splendid achnatherum, which is characterized in that the splendid achnatherum is used in the green turning period or the late stumping period of adult plants, and the alkene graminid and quizalofop-p-ethyl are used together, so that the use amount of medicaments is reduced, the ecological pressure is reduced, the prevention and elimination effect is improved, and the generation of drug-resistant splendid achnatherum plants is avoided. The invention also aims to provide a chemical prevention and control method of splendid achnatherum, aiming at solving the problem that the prior few herbicides which are safe and effective on the splendid achnatherum are applied.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(a) selecting a drug application period: selecting a green turning period or a stubble leveling period of an adult plant;
(b) and (3) herbicide selection: the effective components of the sethoxydim and the quizalofop-p-ethyl are respectively 56.25 to 112.5 and 15.8 to 31.6g/hm2Preparing a mixed solution;
(c) selecting environmental conditions: the pesticide is applied at night, so that strong wind and strong light are avoided during pesticide application, and no precipitation is caused 12 hours before and after pesticide application.
(d) Application of the medicine: adopting stem and leaf spraying method according to the water adding amount of 30kg/667m2The standard of (1) is to prepare a liquid medicine, and a 2L quantitative sprayer is used for uniformly spraying stems and leaves.
On the basis of the scheme, the traditional control effect of fresh weight for 30 days is adopted for control effect evaluation.
The noun data is explained below:
wherein the splendid Achnatherum is splendid Achnatherum belonging to splendid Achnatherum of Gramineae (Achnatherum splendens T.). It is a perennial grass of Gramineae, and has high seed yield, great propagation coefficient, high plant height, firm root system and connected distribution, and tillering point 10-15 cm below ground.
Wherein the splendid achnatherum is mown 15-30 cm higher than the ground by a mowing machine at the later stage of stumping the adult plant;
wherein the sethoxydim is also called as panaxydim, is a low-toxicity and systemic stem and leaf treating agent, is conducted to the top of a plant and an internode meristem, and destroys the cell division;
wherein the quizalofop-p-ethyl is a low-toxicity and systemic stem leaf herbicide, and is accumulated on the top of a plant and an internode meristem by bidirectional conduction, so that the synthesis of cell fatty acid is inhibited.
The traditional method for the chemical control of splendid achnatherum is as follows:
(a) selecting a drug application period: the splendid achnatherum is generally selected in the flowering period and booting period.
(b) And (3) herbicide selection: contact herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate are generally selected.
(c) Selecting environmental conditions: the medicine is generally applied in the evening to ensure that no strong wind and light exist during the application and no precipitation exists 12 hours before and after the application.
(d) Application of the medicine: adopting stem and leaf spraying method according to the water adding amount of 30-40kg/667m2The standard of (1) preparing the liquid medicine, and uniformly spraying stem leaves by using a sprayer.
The traditional method has obvious control effect on splendid achnatherum but has some problems. Firstly, the selection of the pesticide application period is carried out, most of the traditional methods adopt the pesticide application at the flowering period and the booting period of splendid achnatherum, because a large amount of analogues can be transferred to a root system at the current period, the conductivity of the pesticide is relatively high, but the pesticide application height at the current period is relatively high, and under the condition of ensuring no wind, certain pesticide drift can be caused and grassland is damaged; the effect of the isomerate transfer is less than that of gravity. Secondly, the traditional method generally selects broad-spectrum contact-type herbicides, which have good effect but low selectivity and are not suitable for relatively fragile grassland ecosystems.
The invention improves the traditional splendid achnatherum chemical prevention and control basis, and the improvement points are as follows:
(1) selecting splendid achnatherum in the green turning period or in the late stage of adult plant stumping. The traditional method mostly selects to apply the medicine at the flowering period and the booting period of splendid achnatherum, because a large amount of assimilates can be transferred to a root system at the time, the medicine conductivity is relatively high, but the medicine application at the time and the medicine spraying height are relatively high, and a certain medicine drift can still be caused under the condition of ensuring no wind, so that the grassland is damaged; in addition, the influence of the transfer of the assimilates is not as much as that of gravity, and the effect is better in the late stage of the green turning period or the adult plant adjustment period.
(2) The compatibility and combination of the sethoxydim and the quizalofop-p-ethyl with low dosage are selected for use. The traditional method generally selects broad-spectrum contact type herbicides such as glyphosate and glufosinate-ammonium, which have good effect but low selectivity, have killing effect on most green plants around splendid achnatherum and are particularly not suitable for relatively fragile grassland ecosystems. The invention, through the compatible use of the low-dose sethoxydim and quizalofop-p-ethyl, not only reduces the medicament consumption and the ecological pressure, but also increases the prevention and elimination effect and avoids the generation of splendid achnatherum plants with medicament resistance.
The invention selects the period of green turning or the later period of stumping of the adult plant of splendid achnatherum, because the medicine is applied in the period, the medicine absorption part is closer to the underground tillering point, and especially two systemic conduction type stem leaf herbicides of sethoxydim and quizalofop-p-ethyl with different properties are selected, the effect is better.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
(a) Selecting a drug application period: selecting the later stage of adult plant stumping;
(b) and (3) herbicide selection: respectively mixing the sethoxydim and quizalofop-p-ethyl in an effective component ratio of 112.5:31.6g/hm2Preparing a mixed solution;
(c) selecting environmental conditions: the pesticide is applied at night, so that strong wind and strong light are avoided during pesticide application, and no precipitation is caused 12 hours before and after pesticide application.
(d) Application of the medicine: adopting stem and leaf spraying method according to the water adding amount of 30kg/667m2The standard of (1) is to prepare a liquid medicine, and a 2L quantitative sprayer is used for uniformly spraying stems and leaves.
On the basis of the scheme, the traditional control effect of fresh weight for 30 days is adopted for control effect evaluation. The effects of the present invention can be further embodied by the data in table 1.
Table 1 splendid achnatherum splendens Bl after stumping
Figure BDA0002001338210000041
Example 2
(a) Selecting a drug application period: selecting the later stage of adult plant stumping;
(b) and (3) herbicide selection: respectively mixing sethoxydim and quizalofop-p-ethyl in an effective component ratio of 56.25:31.6g/hm2Preparing a mixed solution;
(c) selecting environmental conditions: the pesticide is applied at night, so that strong wind and strong light are avoided during pesticide application, and no precipitation is caused 12 hours before and after pesticide application.
(d) Application of the medicine: adopting stem and leaf spraying method according to the water adding amount of 30kg/667m2The standard of (1) is to prepare a liquid medicine, and a 2L quantitative sprayer is used for uniformly spraying stems and leaves.
On the basis of the scheme, the traditional control effect of fresh weight for 30 days is adopted for control effect evaluation. The effects of the present invention can be further embodied by the data in table 1.
From the above data, it can be seen that the method of the present invention has obvious effect on splendid achnatherumHas remarkable control effect, the ratio of the active ingredients of the sethoxydim to the quizalofop-p-ethyl is 56.25:31.6g/hm2When the weight control effect reaches 91.39 percent in 30 days; the ratio of the active ingredients of the sethoxydim to the quizalofop-p-ethyl is 112.5:31.6g/hm2When the composition is used, the fresh weight control effect reaches 97.97 percent in 30 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the inventor finds a novel method which is safe and efficient and is used for preventing and killing splendid achnatherum. Spraying splendid achnatherum on the green turning or stumping of adult plants with the ratio of effective components of 112.5:31.6g/hm2The sethoxydim and quizalofop-p-ethyl have obvious control effect on the splendid achnatherum after stumping, and the fresh weight control effect is 97.97% in 30 days. The invention provides a chemical prevention and elimination method of splendid achnatherum, which provides a solution for controlling the spread of splendid achnatherum in grassland and provides a certain foundation for protecting ecological balance of grassland.

Claims (1)

1. A method for controlling the spread of splendid achnatherum is characterized by comprising the following steps
(a) Selecting a drug application period: selecting a green turning period or a stubble leveling period of an adult plant;
(b) and (3) herbicide selection: the effective components of the sethoxydim and the quizalofop-p-ethyl are respectively 56.25 to 112.5 and 15.8 to 31.6g/hm2Preparing a mixed solution;
(c) selecting environmental conditions: the pesticide is applied at night, so that strong wind and strong light are avoided during pesticide application, and no precipitation is generated 12 hours before and after pesticide application;
(d) application of the medicine: adopting stem and leaf spraying method according to the water adding amount of 30kg/667m2The liquid medicine is prepared according to the standard, and a 2L quantitative sprayer is used for uniformly spraying stems and leaves;
wherein, the splendid achnatherum is mown 15-30 cm higher than the ground by a mow machinery at the later stage of stumping the adult plants.
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