CN109958718B - 轴承组件 - Google Patents

轴承组件 Download PDF

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CN109958718B
CN109958718B CN201811522713.9A CN201811522713A CN109958718B CN 109958718 B CN109958718 B CN 109958718B CN 201811522713 A CN201811522713 A CN 201811522713A CN 109958718 B CN109958718 B CN 109958718B
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bearing
bearing assembly
nacelle
assembly
brake
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CN109958718A (zh
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迈克尔·鲍曼
马蒂亚斯·霍夫曼
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
    • F16C41/001—Integrated brakes or clutches for stopping or coupling the relatively movable parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B11/00—Parts or details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the preceding groups, e.g. wear-protection couplings, between turbine and generator
    • F03B11/06—Bearing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
    • F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
    • F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
    • F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/34—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/38—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of rollers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D51/00—Brakes with outwardly-movable braking members co-operating with the inner surface of a drum or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2210/00—Working fluid
    • F05B2210/16—Air or water being indistinctly used as working fluid, i.e. the machine can work equally with air or water without any modification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/57—Seals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/902—Braking using frictional mechanical forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/04—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly
    • F16C19/08—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for radial load mainly with two or more rows of balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/31—Wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/72—Sealings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure
    • F16D2121/04—Fluid pressure acting on a piston-type actuator, e.g. for liquid pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic
    • F16D2121/24—Electric or magnetic using motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2200/00—Materials; Production methods therefor
    • F16D2200/0034—Materials; Production methods therefor non-metallic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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Abstract

公开了一种轴承组件，用于风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机，所述风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机包括塔和机舱，所述轴承组件包括能够附接于塔的下部，所述轴承组件包括能够附接于机舱的上部。轴承组件包括：轴承，其用于允许机舱相对于塔旋转；和锁定装置，其用于使机舱相对于塔锁定在固定位置。所述锁定装置包括制动机构，所述制动机构包括制动盘和至少一个制动钳。

Description

轴承组件
技术领域
本发明涉及根据本专利技术方案1的用于风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机的轴承组件，其中该风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机包括塔和机舱，所述轴承组件包括能够附接于塔的下部和能够附接于机舱的上部。
背景技术
在风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机中，轴承组件被用来使塔可旋转地连接到涡轮机的机舱。这里，轴承组件的下部附接于塔，轴承组件的上部附接于机舱。机舱可以基于风向或水流方向通过轴承组件定向，以优化能量产生(/发电性能)。如果机舱对于当前(prevailing)状况被合适地对齐，则可以将轴承组件锁定。
由WO 2016/137625 A1已知这样的制动机构。这里，轴承组件包括具有锁定孔的圈，其中螺栓能够接合到所述锁定孔内，以使机舱相对于塔锁定。然而，这里机舱只能被锁定在某些规定位置(/指定位置)。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种允许机舱以灵活的方式(被)锁定的轴承组件。
该目的通过根据技术方案1的轴承组件来实现，其中，所述轴承组件用于风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机，所述风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机包括塔和机舱，所述轴承组件包括能够附接于塔的下部和能够附接于机舱的上部。
在下文中，更详细地说明了该轴承组件。所述轴承组件包括轴承，所述轴承允许机舱相对于塔旋转。特别是，机舱能够被相对于风向或水流方向(flow direction)定向。所述定向可以被执行为使得例如允许优化能量产生(/发电)。为了对机舱定向，轴承组件可以通过传感器来确定风向或潮汐方向，并且驱动电动伺服电机来对机舱定向。
轴承组件还包括锁定装置，以便使机舱相对于塔锁定在固定位置。例如可以在机舱被如上所述定向时执行锁定。
为了允许机舱相对于塔灵活地锁定，锁定装置包括制动机构，制动机构包括制动盘和至少一个制动钳。这里，制动钳(也被称为制动鞍)可以通过活塞形成为液压式的或者例如通过轴形成为机电式的。制动钳的数量是可变的并且由必要的制动力和空间状况来决定。
提出的制动机构具有如下优点：可以使机舱相对于塔锁定在任意期望的位置。因此，可以实现使机舱的定向和锁定非常灵活。优选的是，制动机构联接于驱动器，以对制动装置致动。驱动器用于驱动制动钳，使得制动钳与制动盘相互作用，即使制动钳中的制动衬片抵靠制动盘夹紧，以制动和/或锁定机舱。
到目前为止，轴承组件作为单独的部件供应并且在现场安装和组装到涡轮机内。然而，在安装之后必须测试轴承组件，例如，测试密封性(/密封紧密性)。为了避免这种情况，所提出的轴承组件可以作为完整的系统而被提供并且以已经组装好的状态安装到涡轮机内。以这种方式，提供了一种即插即用型的解决方案，该解决方案可以容易地集成(/整合)在电厂(power plant)中。这减少了安装中可能的错误。因此，例如密封性等的必要测试可以在制造期间就已经被执行。
根据一个实施方式，制动盘可以设置在下部，制动钳可以设置在上部。意思是，制动盘作为静止部件设置在塔上，制动钳作为旋转部件设置在机舱上。作为另一种选择，制动盘可以设置在上部，制动钳可以设置在下部。
制动钳可以是电驱动的制动钳。在这种情况下，驱动可以通过伺服电机执行，电驱动器具有如下优点：不存在液压流体，因此不会发生泄漏。
驱动可以由电机和滚动轴(rolling spindle)一起(组合)实现。如果电机的供电(/电源)发生故障，由于滚动轴提供了与电机的磁制动器(magnetic brake)有关的自锁，制动机构的制动和锁定效果生效(active)。如果必须要在供电故障的情况下释放制动机构，则可以通过应急电源(例如，电池或超级电容器)来实现电制动器的紧急致动。
作为另一种选择，制动钳为液压驱动的制动钳。与电驱动的制动钳相比，由于不需要伺服电机，液压驱动的制动钳可以被更紧凑地构造。
特别的是，如果涡轮机是潮汐涡轮机，轴承组件必须被密封防止水和/或污垢进入。为此目的，要求密封件还能够承受高压，例如很深处的水下存在的高压。
为此目的，轴承组件可以包括密封组件，密封组件集成在轴承组件中。由于轴承组件优选作为系统解决方案而被提供(即，以组装的状态被提供)，因此密封件可以已经被测试。进而在轴承组件交付(/运送)的情况下密封(件)已经能够被保证。
密封组件可以是密封系统，该密封系统包括：多个径向密封件；和与其相互作用的衬套(bushing)，径向密封件抵靠衬套密封。优选的是，密封系统附接于轴承组件的轴承的下侧。这里，径向密封件一个接一个地设置。每个径向密封件可以附接在单独的(/各自的)密封承载圈内，密封承载圈能够机械支撑对应的(处于压力下的)密封件。密封承载圈可以通过螺丝和定心装置彼此连接。
衬套可以包括密封件或涂层，其能够承受(/禁受)海岸区域的高腐蚀风险。衬套可以通过压配在轴承圈上或与轴承圈连接的组成部件上而安装在轴承组件的下侧。
优选的是，第一(即最下面的)径向密封件用作防止污垢(例如沙子或沉淀物)进入的保护，以保护设置在其上的第二径向密封件。第一径向密封件的密封承载圈可以附接于轴承的外圈的侧表面。特别的是，第三以及后面的径向密封件用于保护防止(因在多达50米的深度处的高水压而造成的)水进入。
可以在(各)单个径向密封件之间设置适合的润滑剂，例如，脂。此外，优选的是，可以在第二径向密封件和第三径向密封件之间设置排水通道，该排水通道延伸穿过密封承载圈和轴承的外圈。
轴承用于支撑机舱的径向载荷、轴向载荷以及弯矩(/弯曲力矩)。为此目的，轴承可以是滚动轴承或滑动轴承。单列或双列四点接触球轴承、交叉滚子轴承或三圈轴承可以用作滚动轴承。轴承的滚子或球可以通过窗式保持架彼此分隔开。
在一个实施方式中，制动钳可以包括制动衬片(brake lining)，该制动衬片包括镍-金刚石涂层。通过这样的涂层可以实现特别高的摩擦系数。以这种方式，能够实现比例如由有机衬片或烧结衬片构成的制动衬片高的制动功率(power)。制动盘可以由钢圈构成。
根据另一方面，提出了一种涡轮机，特别是风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机，包括如上所述的轴承组件
附图说明
在说明书、附图和权利要求中详细说明其它优点和有利的实施方式。这里，特别是在说明书和附图中详细说明的特征的组合仅仅是示例性的，使得这些特征还可以单个存在或者以其它方式组合。
在下文中，使用附图中描绘的示例性实施方式更详细地说明本发明。这里，示例性实施方式以及在示例性实施方式中所示的组合仅仅是示例性的，并且不意在限制本发明的范围。本发明的范围仅由待定的权利要求限定。
图1示出了用于风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机的轴承组件，所述轴承组件包括调节驱动器和锁定装置；
图2示出了在驱动力增大且锁定装置加强的情况下图1的轴承组件的锁定装置的示例；以及
图3示出了用于图1的轴承组件的防止海水的密封组件的示例。
下文中，用相同的附图标记表示相同或功能上等同的元件。
附图标记说明
2 下部
4 上部
6 轴承
8 伺服电机
10 锁定装置
12 制动盘
14 制动钳/制动鞍(brake saddle)
16 密封组件
20 径向密封件
22 密封凸缘环
24 密封承载圈
100 轴承组件
具体实施方式
图1示出用于风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机的轴承组件100。风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机包括塔和机舱(nacelle)。
轴承组件100包括下部2，下部2能够附接于塔。轴承组件100的上部4能够附接于机舱。
轴承组件100包括轴承6，轴承6允许机舱相对于塔旋转。如图1所示，轴承6例如可以是双列球轴承(double row ball bearing)6。
为了确保最优的能量产生(/发电性能)(energy generation)，机舱可以基于风向或水流方向被相对于塔的定向。为此目的，伺服电机8被设置在轴承组件100中。
如果机舱被以期望的方式定向，机舱可以在该位置被轴承组件100锁定。为此目的，轴承组件100包括锁定装置。
锁定装置包括制动机构，制动机构包括制动盘12和至少一个制动钳(brakecaliper)14。
在图1所示的示例中，制动盘12设置在下部2，制动钳14设置在上部。作为另一种选择，该布置也可以被反过来。锁定装置10被结合图2更详细地说明。
除了存在于轴承6中的密封件之外，轴承组件100(还)包括密封组件16，密封组件16集成(integrated in)在轴承组件100中，并且被构造成密封轴承6以防止水和/或污垢进入。图3更详细地说明了密封组件16。
尽管轴承被示出为双列球轴承，但是其还可以被构造为滑动轴承。
制动钳14还可以被构造为双制动钳。由于使用制动钳14和制动盘12，机舱能够被相对于塔锁定在任何位置。
优选的是，锁定装置10联接于驱动器(未示出)。驱动器用于驱动制动钳14，使得制动钳14与制动盘12相互作用，即，夹紧(在整个制动盘上)被内置于制动钳14内的制动衬片，以便制动和/或锁定机舱。
在图2所示的示例中，八个液压制动钳14设置为与制动盘12相互作用。总共四个伺服电机8被设置在每两对的制动钳14之间。
作为另一种选择，可以使用机电的单或双制动钳14。这里伺服电机8的数量和制动钳14的数量可以变化。
如上面已经说明的，轴承组件100包括密封组件16，以便使轴承6相对于水和污垢的进入(而言)密封。
图3示出了这样的密封组件16的示例。密封组件16可以是密封系统，该密封系统包括密封凸缘环22和四个径向密封件20，密封凸缘环22可以(/拧入于)螺接到(screwedonto)轴承组件100的外圈。这里，径向密封件20一个接一个地或彼此相邻地布置，并且(各)径向密封件20具有相同的密封直径。每个径向密封件20可以附接在各自的(separate)密封承载圈24内，密封承载圈24可以机械地支撑对应的密封件20，该密封件20处于压力下。这里，承载圈20的轮廓被构造成使得：径向密封件的密封唇由于邻靠的水压而沿轴向抵靠所述轮廓，从而在轴向上和径向上被支撑。
第一(即最下面的)径向密封件20可以用于保护免受沙子或沉淀物的进入，以保护设置在其上的径向密封件20。第一径向密封件20的密封承载圈24可以附接于轴承的外圈的侧(表)面。特别的是，第三以及后面的径向密封件20用于保护免受水(因潮汐涡轮机的高水压而引起)的进入。
可以在(各)单个径向密封件20之间设置适合的润滑剂，例如脂。例如，可以在第二径向密封件与第三径向密封件20之间设置排水通道(未示出)，该排水通道延伸穿过密封承载圈24和轴承6的外圈。
总之，提出的轴承组件提供了涡轮机的机舱相对于塔的非常灵活的定位。由于轴承组件的锁定装置10通过制动钳和制动盘来实现，因此机舱可以相对于塔锁定在任何位置。因此使得机舱的非常灵活的定向和锁定成为可能。
同时，提出的轴承组件可以作为完整的系统被提供，使得可以在涡轮机中简单易用。由于在制造轴承组件时已经可以实现(/执行)密封件的密封性以及轴承组件的功能的测试，因此不再需要现场(即安装到涡轮机上的情况下)测试密封件的密封性以及轴承组件的功能。

Claims (11)

1.一种轴承组件（100），用于风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机，所述风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机包括塔和机舱，所述轴承组件包括能够附接于所述塔的下部（2），所述轴承组件包括能够附接于所述机舱的上部（4），
所述轴承组件包括轴承（6），所述轴承（6）用于允许所述机舱相对于所述塔旋转，以及包括锁定装置（10），所述锁定装置（10）用于使所述机舱相对于所述塔锁定在固定位置，
其特征在于，所述锁定装置（10）包括制动机构，所述制动机构包括制动盘（12）和至少一个制动钳（14），
所述轴承组件包括密封组件（16），所述密封组件（16）的一端连接到所述轴承（6）的外圈，所述密封组件（16）包括围绕所述下部（2）的外周面的圆柱形主体，所述圆柱形主体的内侧设置有围绕所述下部（2）的外周面的多个密封件（20），
所述制动机构和用于驱动所述机舱相对于所述塔旋转的驱动装置设置在所述轴承组件（100）的内部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴承组件（100），其特征在于，所述制动盘（12）设置在所述下部（2），所述制动钳（14）设置在所述上部（4）；或者，所述制动盘（12）设置在所述上部（4），所述制动钳（14）设置在所述下部（2）。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承组件（100），其特征在于，所述制动钳（14）为电驱动的制动钳。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承组件（100），其特征在于，所述制动钳（14）为液压驱动的制动钳。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承组件（100），其特征在于，所述密封组件（16）集成在所述轴承组件（100）中，并且被构造成使所述轴承（6）相对于水和/或污垢进入而言密封。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承组件（100），其特征在于，所述轴承（6）为滚动轴承。
7.根据权利要求 1或2所述的轴承组件（100），其特征在于，所述轴承（6）为滑动轴承。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承组件（100），其特征在于，所述制动钳（14）包括制动衬片，所述制动衬片包括有机衬片或烧结衬片或包括了镍-金刚石涂层的衬片。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的轴承组件（100），其特征在于，所述轴承（6）是双列球轴承。
10.一种涡轮机，包括根据权利要求1-9中的任一项所述的轴承组件（100）。
11.根据权利要求10所述的涡轮机，其特征在于，所述涡轮机是风力涡轮机或潮汐涡轮机。
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