CN109955577B

CN109955577B - Preparation method of PVC plastic decorative plate

Info

Publication number: CN109955577B
Application number: CN201711435552.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 游雄铁; 张小平
Original assignee: Shanghai Jinka Flooring Tech Co Ltd
Current assignee: Shanghai Jinka Flooring Tech Co Ltd
Priority date: 2017-12-26
Filing date: 2017-12-26
Publication date: 2021-11-23
Anticipated expiration: 2037-12-26
Also published as: CN109955577A

Abstract

A preparation method of a PVC plastic decorative plate comprises the following steps: a material supply step, wherein a wear-resistant layer, a printing layer and a body are provided; a laminating step, namely thermally laminating the wear-resistant layer, the printing layer and the body into a whole to manufacture a sheet-shaped plate; an embossing step, wherein an embossing plate and a bottom plate which are internally filled with cooling media are respectively used for pressurizing from the upper side and the lower side of the sheet-shaped plate, and three-dimensional patterns on the upper surface of the sheet-shaped plate are formed while the sheet-shaped plate is cooled; and a cutting step, wherein the sheet-shaped plate is cut to obtain the required product. The embossing is manufactured after the hot lamination, the embossing plate and the bottom plate which are internally provided with the cooling medium are respectively used for pressurizing from the upper side and the lower side of the sheet-shaped plate, the sheet-shaped plate is rapidly cooled while embossing, the formed three-dimensional patterns are not easy to rebound after being shaped, and the PVC plastic decorative plate with better three-dimensional decorative effect can be obtained.

Description

Preparation method of PVC plastic decorative plate

Technical Field

The invention relates to a preparation method of a building material, in particular to a preparation method of a PVC plastic decorative plate.

Background

PVC (polyvinyl chloride) decorative board is multilayer structure complex usually, mainly by wearing layer, printing layer and body constitute, the printing layer is located between wearing layer and the body, its pattern design is of a great variety, especially the effect of stone line and wood grain is lifelike, the wearing layer is the surperficial service layer of plastics decorative board, has the wear-resisting function in surface, generally is transparent or translucent, can penetrate printing layer pattern and color under it, the body accounts for more than 50% of the whole thickness of plastics decorative board, play the effect of support.

Generally, the PVC plastic decorative board is produced by adopting an online laminating process, after a wear-resistant layer coiled material, a printing layer coiled material and a body base material are laminated into a whole by an online laminating surface shaping device, the wear-resistant layer coiled material, the printing layer coiled material and the body base material are cut into pieces according to requirements after cooling treatment, and finally the PVC plastic decorative board is obtained through necessary post-treatment. The online attaching surface shaping device is formed by combining a plurality of rollers, the rollers provide high-temperature attaching temperature during production, and in order to form embossing on the surface of a product, the rollers for attaching shaping are usually designed into embossing rollers, so that the embossing is formed on the surface of the product while the rollers are attached shaping. However, in the embossing process, the embossing roller and the material are in line contact, so that the embossing time is very short, the pressure maintaining process is omitted, and the PVC board is in a non-pressure and high-elasticity state in the cooling process after the PVC board is embossed and embossed, so that the embossing on the surface of the wear-resistant layer of the PVC board can rebound to a great extent, the original sharp and stereoscopic grains are flat and fuzzy, and the final product has poor decorative effect.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a PVC plastic decorative plate, which can ensure that three-dimensional patterns are not easy to rebound after being shaped, and the PVC plastic decorative plate with better three-dimensional decorative effect is prepared.

The invention provides a preparation method of a PVC plastic decorative plate, which comprises the following steps:

a material supply step, wherein a wear-resistant layer, a printing layer and a body are provided;

a laminating step, namely thermally laminating the wear-resistant layer, the printing layer and the body into a whole to prepare a sheet-shaped plate;

an embossing step of forming a three-dimensional pattern on the upper surface of the sheet-like plate while cooling the sheet-like plate by pressing the sheet-like plate and the bottom plate, which are filled with a cooling medium, from the upper side and the lower side of the sheet-like plate, respectively;

and a cutting step, wherein the sheet-shaped plate is cut to obtain a required product.

Wherein the feeding step comprises:

weighing and mixing the materials according to the material composition and the proportion of the body;

and extruding and forming the mixed materials, and fixing the thickness to prepare the body.

Wherein the extrusion molding temperature is 160-190 ℃.

Wherein, the laminating step includes:

simultaneously feeding the wear-resistant layer, the printing layer and the body between compression rollers for hot lamination to prepare a strip material;

and cutting the strip to obtain the sheet-shaped plate.

Wherein the bonding temperature of the hot bonding is 160-190 ℃, and the bonding time is 1-10 s.

Wherein the embossing step comprises:

detecting the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate;

when the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate is reduced to a first temperature range, respectively pressurizing from the upper side and the lower side of the sheet-shaped plate by utilizing an embossing plate and a bottom plate which are internally filled with cooling media;

keeping the circulation of cooling media in the embossed plate and the bottom plate and keeping the pressure for a set time to reduce the surface temperature of the wear-resistant layer of the flaky plate to below 70 ℃;

and removing the embossed plate and the bottom plate to form a three-dimensional pattern on the upper surface of the sheet-shaped plate.

Wherein the first temperature range is 80-150 ℃, and the temperature of the cooled flaky plate is 30-50 ℃.

Wherein the set time is 20 s-3 min.

When the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is larger than 0.3mm, the set time is larger than 30 s.

Wherein, the bottom plate is being equipped with three-dimensional line towards one side of slice panel, the impressed watermark step still includes:

and forming a three-dimensional pattern on the lower surface of the sheet-shaped plate while cooling the sheet-shaped plate.

According to the preparation method of the PVC plastic decorative board, the embossing is made after the hot bonding, the embossing plate and the bottom plate with the cooling medium filled inside are respectively used for pressurizing from the upper side and the lower side of the sheet-shaped board during the embossing, so that the sheet-shaped board is rapidly cooled while the embossing is formed, and as enough pressure is applied under the high-elasticity state after the hot bonding of PVC, the PVC sheet-shaped board is rapidly cooled to below 70 ℃, and below 70 ℃, the deformation of the thermoplastic PVC plastic in the subsequent cooling process is very small, and the phenomenon of deformation recovery can not occur again, the three-dimensional patterns formed on the surface after the embossing are shaped and are not easy to rebound, and the PVC plastic decorative board with a good three-dimensional decorative effect can be obtained.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a PVC plastic decorative sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a manufacturing process of the PVC plastic decorative board according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

To further explain the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the embodiments, structures, features and effects of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments.

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a PVC plastic decorative sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a manufacturing process of the PVC plastic decorative board according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the preparation method of the PVC plastic decorative board according to the embodiment of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following steps:

and a material supplying step 11, providing the wear-resistant layer, the printing layer and the body.

Wherein the step of providing the wear resistant layer 21 comprises: the materials are weighed and mixed according to the material composition and proportion of the wear-resistant layer 21, for example, the PVC powder, the plasticizer, the processing aid and the like are mixed, and the coiled material of the wear-resistant layer 21 is prepared by adopting a proper process such as a calendaring method, a tape casting method, a blow molding method and the like. In this embodiment, the wear-resistant layer 21 is a soft PVC plastic transparent sheet with 30-45PHR (PHR refers to the value of plasticizer in PVC resin), and the deformation amount is 0.2-0.4% and is small in the process of continuously cooling at 70 ℃. It should be understood that the composition of the wear-resistant layer 21 is selected only to have a sufficiently small amount of deformation of the wear-resistant layer 21 below 70 ℃, and is not limited thereto.

The step of providing the print layer 22 includes: providing a substrate of the printing layer 22, wherein the production process of the substrate is consistent with that of the wear-resistant layer 21, and then printing a designed pattern on the substrate of the printing layer 22 to manufacture the coiled material of the printing layer 22.

The step of providing the body 23 comprises: the materials are weighed and mixed according to the material composition and the proportion of the body 23, for example, the PVC powder, the plasticizer, the filler, the processing aid and the like are mixed, and the mixed materials are extruded and molded to be constant in thickness to prepare the body 23. In the embodiment, the temperature of the extrusion molding is 160-190 ℃.

And a laminating step 12, namely, thermally laminating the wear-resistant layer, the printing layer and the body into a whole to manufacture a sheet-shaped plate.

Referring to fig. 2, in the present embodiment, the attaching process includes: the method comprises the steps of sequentially placing coiled materials of a wear-resistant layer 21 and a printing layer 22 in

hanging rollers

241 and 242 respectively, feeding the front end of the coiled material between

pressure rollers

243 and 244 which are symmetrical up and down in a high-temperature laminating device, fixing the thickness of a body base material 231 extruded by an extruder through a die, fixing the thickness of the body base material through a pair of

calendering rollers

245 and 246 which are symmetrical up and down, and feeding the body base material into a space between the

pressure rollers

243 and 244 of the high-temperature laminating device, wherein when the wear-resistant layer 21, the printing layer 22 and the body 23 pass through the space between the

pressure rollers

243 and 244 which are symmetrical up and down together, the

pressure rollers

243 and 244 provide a laminating temperature of 160-190 ℃ and laminating time of 1-10 s, so that the three layers are thermally laminated (or called as high-temperature laminating) together to form a strip 25. In order to make the wear-resistant layer 21 and the printing layer 22 enter between the vertically

symmetrical press rollers

243 and 244 along a specific direction, the high-temperature bonding device is further provided with corresponding guide rollers 247. When the strip 25 output from the high-temperature laminating device reaches the required length, the strip is cut by the cutter 29 to obtain a sheet-shaped plate 26, and the sheet-shaped plate 26 comprises a wear-resistant layer, a printing layer and a body which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom. The sheet-like plate 26 produced in this step is not subjected to a cooling treatment so that the sheet-like plate 26 remains in a highly elastic state to facilitate surface embossing.

And an embossing step 13 of pressing the sheet-like plate material from the upper side and the lower side thereof with an embossing plate and a bottom plate having a cooling medium introduced therein, respectively, to form a three-dimensional pattern on the upper surface of the sheet-like plate material.

In the present embodiment, a three-dimensional pattern is formed on the upper surface of the sheet-like plate 26 while cooling the sheet-like plate 26, that is, a three-dimensional pattern is formed on the surface of the wear-resistant layer 21, referring to fig. 2, the embossing process includes: detecting the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate 26, when the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate 26 is reduced to a first temperature interval, respectively pressurizing from the upper side and the lower side of the sheet-shaped plate 26 by using an embossing plate 27 and a bottom plate 28 with cooling media filled inside, then maintaining the circulation of the cooling media in the embossing plate 27 and the bottom plate 28 and maintaining the pressure for a set time to reduce the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate 26 to below 70 ℃, preferably to 30-50 ℃, and then removing the embossing plate 27 and the bottom plate 28 to form a three-dimensional pattern on the upper surface of the sheet-shaped plate 26, wherein the subsequent deformation amount of PVC plastic is very small (0.2-0.4%) because the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate 26 is reduced to below 70 ℃, the formed three-dimensional pattern can keep the inherent shape without rebounding, and the embossing depth and the pattern definition are ensured.

It should be understood that before embossing, the maximum temperature of the sheet-shaped plate 26 is less than the minimum temperature of the thermal bonding process, and the minimum temperature of the sheet-shaped plate 26 is greater than 70 ℃, and whether the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate 26 is reduced to the required temperature can be determined by detecting the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate 26, in this embodiment, the first temperature range is 80 to 150 ℃, preferably 110 to 130 ℃, so as to shorten the cooling time of the embossing process as much as possible while adapting to continuous operation, and reduce energy consumption.

The embossed plate 27 and the bottom plate 28 are fixed to two heads of the hydraulic press, respectively, and are respectively supplied with a cooling medium such as cooling water, machine oil, or cooling gas. When embossing, an oil press is used to drive the embossing plate 27 and the bottom plate 28 to move towards each other so as to press the sheet-shaped plate 26 fixed at the designated position for cooling and embossing, and in the embodiment, the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate 26 cooled by the embossing plate 27 and the bottom plate 28 is lower than 70 ℃, and preferably 30-50 ℃. The pressure maintaining time of the embossing plate 27 and the bottom plate 28 can be set according to the embossing depth, the thickness of the wear-resistant layer and the cooling speed, and can be set to 20 s-3 min, preferably 30-90 s, wherein the set time can also be 20-30 s when the required embossing effect can be obtained, and the set time is more than 30s when the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is more than 0.3mm so as to ensure the shaping effect of embossing.

In another embodiment, the bottom plate 28 is provided with a three-dimensional texture on a side facing the sheet-like plate 26, and the embossing step 13 further includes: the sheet-like plate 26 is cooled while forming a three-dimensional pattern on the lower surface of the sheet-like plate 26, that is, a ground pattern on the sheet-like plate 26.

In another embodiment, the embossing plate 27 is provided with a relief synchronized with the pattern of the printed layer 22 on the side facing the sheet-like plate 26, and the embossing step 13 further comprises: the register marks on the embossed plate 27 are aligned with the register marks on the printed layer 22 by an automatic mark aligning apparatus, and a three-dimensional pattern of simultaneous register is formed on the upper surface of the sheet-like plate 26 while cooling the sheet-like plate 26.

And a cutting step 14, cutting the sheet-shaped plate to obtain the required product.

The embossed sheet-like plate material 26 is cut into a square or rectangular shape to obtain a block-like product. In addition, the post-treatment process can also comprise film coating, tempering, chamfering, grooving, cushion layer pasting and the like so as to obtain the PVC plastic decorative plate with the required structure and function, and the PVC plastic decorative plate can be used as floor tiles, ceilings and wall tiles.

In addition, the preparation process route of the embodiment of the invention is simple, and the high temperature after on-line lamination and the pressure maintaining, cooling and shaping are combined together, so that the energy for reheating the product for embossing is greatly saved.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a PVC plastic decorative plate is characterized by comprising the following steps:

an embossing step of respectively pressurizing from the upper side and the lower side of the sheet-shaped plate by using an embossing plate and a bottom plate which are internally filled with cooling media and maintaining pressure for a set time, and forming three-dimensional patterns on the upper surface of the sheet-shaped plate while cooling the sheet-shaped plate;

a cutting step, wherein the sheet-shaped plate is cut to obtain a required product;

the embossing step includes:

detecting the temperature of the sheet-shaped plate;

2. The method for preparing a PVC plastic decorative sheet according to claim 1, wherein the supplying step comprises:

3. The method for preparing the PVC plastic decorative board according to claim 2, wherein the extrusion molding temperature is 160-190 ℃.

4. The method for preparing a PVC plastic decorative plate according to claim 1, wherein the attaching step comprises:

and cutting the strip to obtain the sheet-shaped plate.

5. The preparation method of the PVC plastic decorative plate according to claim 4, wherein the bonding temperature of the thermal bonding is 160-190 ℃ and the bonding time is 1-10 s.

6. The method for preparing the PVC plastic decorative board according to claim 1, wherein the first temperature range is 80-150 ℃, and the temperature of the cooled sheet-shaped board is 30-50 ℃.

7. The method for preparing a PVC plastic decorative board according to claim 1, wherein the set time period is 20s to 3 min.

8. The method for preparing a PVC plastic decorative sheet according to claim 1, wherein the set time period is more than 30s when the thickness of the wear-resistant layer is more than 0.3 mm.

9. The method for preparing a PVC plastic decorative plate according to claim 1, wherein the base plate is provided with three-dimensional grains on a side facing the sheet-like plate, and the embossing step further comprises: