CN109954382A - A kind of solar energy interface evaporate direct desorption type carbon capture system and its control method - Google Patents
A kind of solar energy interface evaporate direct desorption type carbon capture system and its control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109954382A CN109954382A CN201910295506.2A CN201910295506A CN109954382A CN 109954382 A CN109954382 A CN 109954382A CN 201910295506 A CN201910295506 A CN 201910295506A CN 109954382 A CN109954382 A CN 109954382A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/96—Regeneration, reactivation or recycling of reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of solar energy interfaces to evaporate direct desorption type carbon capture system, is mainly made of carbon dioxide absorption portion, desorber desorption part, solar energy interface evaporation desorption part, molecule photo-thermal energy storage section.The present invention improves on the basis of chemical absorption method carbon capture system, increases the function that solar energy interface evaporation desorption apparatus realizes " desorber-reboiler ", is directly desorbed carbon dioxide from absorbent by interface vaporising device；Increase the auxiliary heating of molecule photo-thermal energy-storage system, reduces energy loss when traditional energy storage device energy storage.Also disclose the control method of the system.The present invention utilizes device by new type solar energy, and renewable energy is coupled in carbon capture system, solves the problems, such as that energy consumption is high for conventional carbon trapping system, promotes the development of the negative carbon emission technology in China.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar energy interfaces to evaporate direct desorption type carbon capture technical field, is related to absorption process carbon dioxide and catches
Collection technology, new type solar energy interface evaporation technique and solar energy molecule photo-thermal energy storage technology, and in particular to a kind of solar energy interface
Evaporate direct desorption type carbon capture system and its control method.
Background technique
Greenhouse gas emission continues to increase the global warming for causing to be on the rise, and just constantly causes the pass of various countries
Note.And in greenhouse gases, CO2Concentration increases brought greenhouse effects and is particularly acute.Carbon capture is real with (CCS) technology is sealed up for safekeeping
Now one of the method for active carbon emission reduction.International Energy Agency (IEA) is pointed out, it is contemplated that Present Global energy sector CO2Discharge amount increases
The trend and fossil fuel added consumes the leading role that relaying supervention is waved in non-renewable energy, and the urgency of CCS only will increase.By
The importance of this visible carbon capture technology.
Chemical absorption method carbon capture technology may be directly applied to existing coal-burning power plant and industrial system, development the most at
It is ripe.However, high energy consumption is needed for limiting its further commercialized critical defect, especially absorbent regeneration process all the time
Energy consumption, up to 3GJ/t CO2.Traditional desorption mode is to be provided high temperature based on " desorber-reboiler " structure using reboiler and steamed
Vapour realizes stripping process in desorber, thus leads to the high energy consumption of reboiler.Reduction chemical absorption method carbon capture energy consumption, one
Aspect can use renewable energy as auxiliary thermal source auxiliary desorber and complete desorption；On the other hand, novel desorption skill is explored
Art is also to solve the important directions of energy consumption problem.
Solar energy interface evaporation technique is used primarily for solving the problems, such as sea water desalination, heats compared to traditional body block, interface
Evaporation can realize the higher thermal efficiency and steam rate by hot localization, due to its technical advantage, just cause to study extensively.With
The development of technology, the evaporation of solar energy interface has been applied to medical treatment sterilization, the fields such as sewage treatment, and realizes absorption process carbon capture
Desorption process is the innovative application of the technology.The technology is heated by absorber and realizes hot environment, is evaporated by interface real
The stripping process of existing desorber, finally realizes steam-CO using gas-liquid separator2Separation, can substitute tradition to a certain extent
" desorber-reboiler " desorption mode.Molecule photo-thermal energy storage technology be a kind of new type solar energy by and energy storage in the way of, compared to passing
It unites liquid heat storage, has the advantages that the energy storage service life is long, energy storage density is high and it is low to be lost, be applied in carbon capture technology, it can
Energy consumption is further decreased, while making up the unstable defect of solar energy.
Summary of the invention
For the big defect of conventional suction method carbon capture absorption of technology agent regeneration energy consumption, the present invention proposes a kind of solar energy circle
Direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated in face, is completed solution using solar energy interface vaporising device part substitution desorber function and is drawn through
Energy consumption needed for absorbent regeneration is effectively reduced in journey；Molecule photo-thermal energy-storage system is added to assist heating simultaneously, makes up solar energy
Unstability.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, technical solution proposed by the present invention is a kind of solar energy interface evaporation directly desorption
Formula carbon capture system, including carbon dioxide absorption portion, desorber desorption part, the evaporation of solar energy interface desorption part, molecule
Photo-thermal energy storage section；Using the trapping system of chemical absorption method, CO is realized using solar energy interface vaporising device2Solution be drawn through
Journey, partially instead of traditional " desorber-reboiler ", using solar energy as the absorbent regeneration energy, molecule photo-thermal energy storage part
Divide auxiliary heating absorbent.
The carbon dioxide absorption portion includes absorption tower, rich solution pump, lean/rich liquid heat exchanger, condenser；The absorption tower
Rich bottoms liquid outlet is connected to lean/rich liquid heat exchanger rich solution entrance, the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger rich solution outlet after rich solution pump
It is connected with heat exchanger, the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger lean solution import and export is connected to lean solution pump discharge and condenser lean solution import respectively；
The condensator outlet is connected to absorption tower import；
The function of the carbon dioxide absorption portion is the CO absorbed in gas to be separated using absorbent2；It is described to point
Enter absorption tower from bottom from gas, is absorbed agent and absorbs CO2It is discharged afterwards from top, absorbent becomes rich solution；The rich solution quilt
Rich solution pump is successively pumped into lean/rich liquid heat exchanger and heat exchanger exchanges heat, and rich solution enters desorber or interface evaporation solution after heat exchange
Thus haustorium completes absorption process.
The desorber desorption part includes desorber, gas-liquid separator one, reboiler, control valve one, control valve two, poor
Liquid pump；Rich solution import is connected in heat exchanger rich solution outlet through control valve one at the top of the desorber, is gone out at the top of the desorber
Mouth is connected to one import of gas-liquid separator, and one liquid outlet of gas-liquid separator is connected to desorber top inlet；The desorber
Bottom entry and exit are respectively connected to reboiler solution inlet and steam (vapor) outlet；The reboiler lean solution outlet is connected to through control valve two
Lean solution pump intake；
The function of the desorber desorption part is to isolate the CO in absorbent using the stripping process of desorber2；It changes
Rich solution enters desorber from top after heat, comes into full contact with steam from bottom to top, CO2Enter gas-liquid into steam phase from top
Separator is separated, the CO isolated2Outflow is collected, and the liquid after separation returns to desorber from top；After rich solution is desorbed
Lean solution is formed, the lean solution is pumped into lean/rich liquid heat exchanger by lean pump after reboiler outflow, completes desorption.
Solar energy interface evaporation desorption part include glass cover-plate, absorber, porous medium layer, cotton core, thermal insulation layer,
Gas-liquid separator two, control valve three, control valve four；The glass cover-plate, absorber, porous medium layer, cotton core, thermal insulation layer composition
Evaporate desorption device in interface；The glass cover-plate takes double thermal insulation to handle to reach heat insulation function；The absorber is located at desorption
Top layer inside device, absorber is porous material, using carbon-based material or phasmon material；The porous medium layer, which is located at, to be inhaled
Acceptor lower layer；The thermal insulation layer between porous medium layer and the solution water surface, inside have solution transport channel connection solution and
Porous medium layer, cotton core is interted in channel, and thermal insulation layer uses foamed plastics；The interface evaporate desorption device bottom solution into and out of
Mouth is connected to heat exchanger taphole and lean solution pump intake through control valve three and control valve four respectively；The desorber top outlet
It is connected with two import of gas-liquid separator, two liquid outlet of gas-liquid separator is connected to lean solution pump inlet through control valve four；
The function of the solar energy interface evaporation desorption part is to be isolated in absorbent using interface evaporating principle
CO2；Absorber heats up after absorbing sunlight, and the rich solution into interface evaporation desorption device passes through cotton core and porous medium layer
Capillarity is transported to absorber surface；Due to the porosity of absorber, liquid forms liquid film and is covered on absorber rapidly
Evaporation, while desorbing CO2；Boil-off gas and CO2It is separated through gas-liquid separator two, liquid imports interface evaporation desorption after separation
The absorbent of device outflow is pumped into lean/rich liquid heat exchanger by lean pump, completes desorption.
The molecule photo-thermal energy storage section includes solar collector, fluid reservoir one, control valve five, control valve six, catalysis
Reaction chamber, heat exchanger, working medium pump, fluid reservoir two；The solar collector outlet is connected to one entrance of fluid reservoir；The liquid storage
The outlet of about one tank is connected to catalysis reaction chamber through control valve five and control valve six respectively；The catalysis reaction chamber outlet, heat exchange
Device working medium inlet and outlet, working medium pump inlet and outlet, the inlet and outlet of fluid reservoir two, solar collector import are sequentially connected；The molecule light
Hot energy storage section cycle fluid uses azobenzene, norbornadiene class or two ruthenium fulvalene class compounds；
The function of the molecule photo-thermal energy storage section is auxiliary heating and is system stored energy；Working medium is in solar collector
Generation photoisomerization reacts to form photoisomer after absorbing photon, and the working medium rich in photoisomer enters and fills fluid reservoir one；
Enter catalysis reaction chamber after the working medium outflow fluid reservoir one, is released energy and heated up by catalysis generation back reaction；Higher temperatures work
After matter heats the rich solution from lean/rich liquid heat exchanger by heat exchanger, fluid reservoir two is pumped by working medium pump, finally returns to solar energy
Collector completes circulation.
Second technical solution of the invention is the control that direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface
Method, including four kinds of operating modes:
Mode one: when daytime is sunny, control valve one and control valve two, opening controlling valve three and control valve are closed
Four, desorber desorption part stops working, and solar energy interface is evaporated desorption part and worked normally, and desorption process energy source is too
Positive energy；Opening controlling valve five closes control valve six, and solar collector works normally, and fluid reservoir one stores photoisomer working medium,
Entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section normally assists heating；
Mode two: when sunlight deficiency on daytime, opening controlling valve one and control valve two, opening controlling valve three and control valve
Four, desorber desorption part and solar energy interface evaporation desorption part work normally, and desorption process energy source is solar energy
It consumes energy with reboiler；Opening controlling valve five and control valve six, solar collector work normally, and fluid reservoir one provides the light of storage
Isomers working medium, entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section normally assist heating；
Mode three: when night energy storage abundance, opening controlling valve one and control valve two close control valve three and control valve
Four, desorber desorption part works normally, and solar energy interface evaporation desorption part stops working, and desorption process energy source is again
Boil device energy consumption；Control valve five is closed, opening controlling valve six, solar collector stops working, and fluid reservoir one provides the light of storage
Isomers working medium, entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section normally assist heating, and the working medium after reaction is stored in fluid reservoir two；
Mode four: when night energy storage deficiency, opening controlling valve one and control valve two close control valve three and control valve
Four, desorber desorption part works normally, and solar energy interface evaporation desorption part stops working, and desorption process energy source is again
Boil device energy consumption；Control valve five and control valve six are closed, entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section is out of service, maintains to desorb by reboiler
Required temperature.
Compared with prior art, advantages of the present invention has:
(1) CO is realized using solar energy interface evaporating principle2Desorption process has shared the function of traditional desorber, reduces
Energy consumption needed for reboiler.
(2) molecule photo-thermal energy-storage system is introduced, solar energy is stored as chemical energy using photochemistry principle, there is stability
Feature good, energy storage time is long promotes desorption process by heat exchanger auxiliary heating.
(3) new type solar energy utilization technology is used, Solar use form has been widened, has improved the efficiency of solar energy utilization.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that direct desorption type carbon capture system principle and structural schematic diagram are evaporated in solar energy interface of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is that desorption device schematic diagram is evaporated at solar energy interface in Fig. 1；
In figure: the absorption tower 1-, 2- rich solution pump, the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger of 3-, 4- desorber, 5- gas-liquid separator one, 6- boils again
Device, 7- control valve two, 8- lean pump, 9- condenser, 10- solar collector, 11- fluid reservoir one, 12- control valve five, 13- control
Valve six processed, 14- catalysis reaction chamber, 15- heat exchanger, 16- working medium pump, 17- fluid reservoir two, 18- control valve three, 19- control valve one,
20- glass cover-plate, 21- absorber, 22- porous medium layer, 23- cotton core, 24- thermal insulation layer, 25- gas-liquid separator two, 26- control
Valve four.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail With reference to embodiment.The present embodiment is with the technology of the present invention
Implemented under premised on scheme, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention
It is not limited to the following embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface of the present invention, mainly by carbon dioxide
Absorb part, desorber desorption part, solar energy interface evaporation desorption part, molecule photo-thermal energy storage section composition；The carbon is caught
Collecting system is suitable for the trapping system using chemical absorption method.
Each section composition is as follows:
The carbon dioxide absorption portion includes absorption tower 1, rich solution pump 2, lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 3, condenser 9；
The desorber desorption part includes desorber 4, gas-liquid separator 1, reboiler 6, control valve 1, control valve
27, lean pump 8；
The solar energy interface evaporation desorption part includes glass cover-plate 20, absorber 21, porous medium layer 22, cotton core
23, thermal insulation layer 24, gas-liquid separator 2 25, control valve 3 18, control valve 4 26；The glass cover-plate 20 is taken at double thermal insulation
Reason is to realize heat preservation purpose；The absorber 21 is porous material, using carbon-based material or phasmon material；The thermal insulation layer
24 use foamed plastics；
The molecule photo-thermal energy storage section includes solar collector 10, fluid reservoir 1, control valve 5 12, control valve six
13, reaction chamber 14, heat exchanger 15, working medium pump 16, fluid reservoir 2 17 are catalyzed；The molecule photo-thermal energy storage section cycle fluid uses
Azobenzene, norbornadiene class or two ruthenium fulvalene class compounds.
Connection type in each section between main component is as follows:
In carbon dioxide absorption portion, 1 rich bottoms liquid of the absorption tower outlet is connected to lean/rich liquid after rich solution pump 2 and changes
Hot 3 rich solution entrance of device, lean/rich 3 rich solution outlet of liquid heat exchanger are connected with 15 rich solution import of heat exchanger, the lean/rich liquid
3 lean solution import and export of heat exchanger is connected to the outlet of lean pump 8 and 9 import of condenser respectively；The outlet of condenser 9 is connected to absorption
1 top inlet of tower.
In desorber desorption part, the 4 top rich solution import of desorber is connected to 15 richness of heat exchanger through control valve 1
In liquid outlet, 4 top exit of desorber is connected to one 5 import of gas-liquid separator, and one 5 liquid outlet of gas-liquid separator is connected to solution
Inhale 4 top inlet of tower；4 bottom entry and exit of desorber are respectively connected to 6 solution inlet port of reboiler and steam (vapor) outlet；The reboiler 6
Lean solution outlet is connected to 8 import of lean pump through control valve 27.
Solar energy interface evaporate desorption part in, the glass cover-plate 20, absorber 21, porous medium layer 22, cotton core 23,
Thermal insulation layer 24 forms interface and evaporates desorption device；The absorber 21 is located at top layer inside interface evaporation desorption device；It is described porous
Dielectric layer 22 is located at 21 lower layer of absorber；Between porous medium layer 22 and the solution water surface, inside has molten the thermal insulation layer 24
Liquid transport channel connects solution and porous medium layer 22, interts cotton core 23 in channel and conveys solution；Evaporate desorption device in the interface
Bottom import and export is connected to 8 entrance of 15 rich solution outlet of heat exchanger and lean pump through control valve 3 18 and control valve 4 26 respectively；Boundary
Face evaporation desorber top outlet is connected with 2 25 import of gas-liquid separator, and 2 25 liquid outlet of gas-liquid separator is through controlling
Valve 4 26 is connected to 8 import of lean pump.
In molecule photo-thermal energy storage section, the outlet of solar collector 10 is connected to one 11 import of fluid reservoir；The storage
The outlet of about one 11 flow container is connected to catalysis 14 import of reaction chamber through control valve 5 12 and control valve 6 13 respectively；The catalysis is anti-
Answer the outlet of chamber 14,15 working medium of heat exchanger inlet and outlet, the inlet and outlet of working medium pump 16, the inlet and outlet of fluid reservoir 2 17, solar collector 10
Import is sequentially connected.
Direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface, and operational process is specific as follows:
Gas to be separated enters the absorption tower 1 from bottom, from top spray and under absorbent come into full contact with it after
Absorb CO therein2Form rich solution；The rich solution by rich solution pump 2 be successively pumped into the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 3 and heat exchanger 15 into
Row heat exchange, enters the desorber 4 after exchanging heat or desorption device is evaporated at interface, thus completes CO2Absorption process.
Rich solution after the heat exchange enters desorber 4 from top, sufficiently connects with the steam from bottom to top from reboiler 6
Touching, CO2Enter gas-liquid separator 5 from top with steam to be separated, the CO after separation2Outflow is collected, and the liquid after separation returns
Desorber 4；Rich solution forms lean solution after being desorbed, the lean solution is pumped into lean/rich liquid by lean pump 8 after the outflow of reboiler 6 and exchanges heat
Device 3 completes desorber desorption process.
Sunlight is irradiated to the absorber 21 after penetrating the glass cover-plate 20, and the absorber 21 heats up；Into boundary
The rich solution of face evaporation desorption device is transported to 21 surface of absorber by the capillarity of porous medium layer 22 and cotton core 23, due to
The porosity of absorber makes liquid attaching surface form liquid film, evaporates rapidly, while desorbing CO2；The boil-off gas (contains
CO2) through gas-liquid separator 2 25 isolate CO2, the liquid after separation imports in the lean solution of interface evaporation desorption device outflow, through poor
Liquid pump 8 is pumped into lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 3, completes solar energy interface and evaporates desorption process.
Solar irradiation is mapped in the solar collector 10, and after absorbing photon photoisomerization reaction occurs for internal working medium,
Form photoisomer；Working medium rich in photoisomer flows into fluid reservoir 1；After the fluid reservoir 1 is fully loaded, controlled by control
Valve 5 12 and control valve 6 13 processed, working medium is exported from up or down enters catalysis reaction chamber 14, and photoisomer, which is catalyzed, to release energy
And it heats up；Working medium after catalysis enters heat exchanger 15 and heats the rich solution from lean/rich liquid heat exchanger 3, is then pumped by working medium pump 16
Enter fluid reservoir 2 17, finally return to solar collector 10, completes molecule photo-thermal energy storage circulation.
According to meteorological condition and situation etc. round the clock, there are four types of operating modes by the present invention, as follows respectively:
Mode one: when daytime is sunny, control valve 1 and control valve 27, opening controlling valve 3 18 and control are closed
Valve 4 26 processed, desorber desorption part stop working, and solar energy interface is evaporated desorption part and worked normally, and desorption process energy comes
Source is solar energy；Opening controlling valve 5 12 closes control valve 6 13, and solar collector 10 works normally, and fluid reservoir 1 stores up
Photoisomer working medium is deposited, entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section normally assists heating.
Mode two: when sunlight deficiency on daytime, opening controlling valve 1 and control valve 27, opening controlling valve 3 18 and control
Valve 4 26 processed, desorber desorption part and solar energy interface evaporation desorption part work normally, and desorption process energy source is
Solar energy and reboiler energy consumption；Opening controlling valve 5 12 and control valve 6 13, solar collector 10 work normally, fluid reservoir one
11 provide the photoisomer working medium of storage, and entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section normally assists heating.
Mode three: when night energy storage abundance, opening controlling valve 1 and control valve 27 close control valve 3 18 and control
Valve 4 26 processed, desorber desorption part work normally, and solar energy interface evaporation desorption part stops working, and desorption process energy comes
Source is reboiler energy consumption；Control valve 5 12, opening controlling valve 6 13 are closed, solar collector 10 stops working, fluid reservoir one
11 provide the photoisomer working medium of storage, and entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section normally assists heating, and the working medium after reaction is stored in
In fluid reservoir 2 17.
Mode four: when night energy storage deficiency, opening controlling valve 1 and control valve 27 close control valve 3 18 and control
Valve 4 26 processed, desorber desorption part work normally, and solar energy interface evaporation desorption part stops working, and desorption process energy comes
Source is reboiler energy consumption；Control valve 5 12 and control valve 6 13 are closed, entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section is out of service, by boiling again
Device maintains desorption required temperature.
To sum up, direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface of the present invention and its control method utilizes the sun
Energy interface vaporising device realizes CO2Desorption process, partially instead of the desorption work of traditional " desorber-reboiler ", benefit
It uses solar energy as the absorbent regeneration energy, reduces reboiler energy consumption；Increased molecule photo-thermal energy storage section can in this system
To assist heating absorbent, desorption required temperature is maintained, solves the unstability of solar energy.Present invention facilitates China's sun
The utilization of energy and the development of negative emission technology.
Although above in conjunction with attached drawing, invention has been described, and the invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementations
Mode, the above mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art are at this
Under the enlightenment of invention, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, many variations can also be made, these belong to of the invention
Within protection.
Claims (7)
1. direct desorption type carbon capture system, including the desorption of carbon dioxide absorption portion, desorber are evaporated in a kind of solar energy interface
Partially, desorption part, molecule photo-thermal energy storage section are evaporated in solar energy interface；It is characterized in that the carbon using chemical absorption method is caught
Collecting system realizes CO using solar energy interface vaporising device2Desorption process, partially instead of tradition " desorber-boils again
Device ", using solar energy as the absorbent regeneration energy, molecule photo-thermal energy storage section assists heating absorbent.
2. direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating carbon dioxide absorption portion includes absorption tower (1), rich solution pump (2), lean/rich liquid heat exchanger (3), condenser (9)；The absorption
The outlet of tower (1) rich bottoms liquid is connected to lean/rich liquid heat exchanger (3) the rich solution entrance after the rich solution pump (2), described
Lean/rich liquid heat exchanger (3) rich solution outlet is connected with heat exchanger (15), lean/rich liquid heat exchanger (3) the lean solution import and export difference
It is connected to lean pump (8) outlet and the condenser (9) solution inlet port；Condenser (9) outlet is connected to the absorption tower
(1) top inlet；
The desorber desorption part includes desorber (4), gas-liquid separator one (5), reboiler (6), control valve one (19), control
Valve two (7) processed, lean pump (8)；Rich solution entrance is connected to the heat exchange through the control valve one (19) at the top of the desorber (4)
In device (15) rich solution outlet, desorber (4) top exit is connected to gas-liquid separator one (5) import, the gas-liquid point
The desorber (4) top entry is connected to from device one (5) liquid outlet；Desorber (4) the bottom entry and exit are respectively connected to institute
State reboiler (6) solution inlet and steam (vapor) outlet；Reboiler (6) the lean solution outlet is connected to described through the control valve two (7)
Lean pump (8) entrance；
The solar energy interface evaporation desorption part includes glass cover-plate (20), absorber (21), porous medium layer (22), cotton core
(23), thermal insulation layer (24), gas-liquid separator two (25), control valve three (18), control valve four (26)；The glass cover-plate (20),
Desorption device is evaporated at absorber (21), porous medium layer (22), cotton core (23), thermal insulation layer (24) composition interface；The glass cover-plate
(20) double thermal insulation is taken to handle；The absorber (21) is located at top layer inside interface evaporation desorption device；The porous media
Layer (22) is located at the absorber (21) lower layer；The thermal insulation layer (24) be located at the porous medium layer (22) and the solution water surface it
Between, there are solution transport channel connection solution and the porous medium layer (22) in inside, interts cotton core (23) in the channel；It is described
Interface evaporation desorption device bottom solution import and export is connected to institute through the control valve three (18) and the control valve four (26) respectively
State heat exchanger (15) taphole and the lean pump (8) entrance；The interface evaporation desorber top outlet and gas-liquid separation
Device two (25) import is connected, and gas-liquid separator two (25) liquid outlet is connected to the lean pump through control valve four (26)
(8) entrance；
The molecule photo-thermal energy storage section includes solar collector (10), fluid reservoir one (11), control valve five (12), control valve
Six (13), catalysis reaction chamber (14), heat exchanger (15), working medium pump (16), fluid reservoir two (17)；The solar collector (10)
Outlet is connected to fluid reservoir one (11) import；The fluid reservoir one (11) exports respectively through the control valve five above and below
(12) and the control valve six (13) is connected to catalysis reaction chamber (14) import；Catalysis reaction chamber (14) outlet, institute
State heat exchanger (15) working medium inlet and outlet, the working medium pump (16) inlet and outlet, the fluid reservoir two (17) inlet and outlet, the solar energy
Collector (10) entrance is sequentially connected.
3. direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
It separates gas and the absorption tower (1) is entered by bottom, absorbent forms rich solution, the rich solution quilt after absorbing carbon dioxide therein
The rich solution pump (2) is successively pumped into the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger (3) and heat exchanger (15) exchanges heat, and enters after heat exchange described
Desorption device is evaporated at desorber (4) or interface；
Rich solution into interface evaporation desorption device is transported to the absorption by the cotton core (23) and porous medium layer (22)
Body (21) surface evaporation, while desorbing carbon dioxide；The gas (carbonated) of interface evaporation desorption device outflow into
Enter the gas-liquid separator two (25), the liquid after separation imports in the lean solution of desorption device bottom outflow, by the lean pump (8)
It is pumped into the lean/rich liquid heat exchanger (3), most enters the absorption tower (1) after the condenser (9) afterwards and completes circulation；
In the molecule photo-thermal energy storage section, working medium reacts after absorbing photon in the solar collector (10), rich
Working medium containing reactant fills the fluid reservoir one (11) and flows into the catalysis reaction chamber (14), the reactant in the working medium afterwards
It is released energy and is heated up by catalysis reaction chamber (14) catalysis；Higher temperatures working medium flows into heat exchanger (15) heating from lean/rich
After the rich solution of liquid heat exchanger (3), the fluid reservoir two (17) is pumped by the working medium pump (16), the solar energy is finally returned to and receives
Storage (10) completes circulation.
4. direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating absorber (21) is porous material, using carbon-based material or phasmon material.
5. direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Thermal insulation layer (24) are stated using foamed plastics.
6. direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Molecule photo-thermal energy storage section cycle fluid is stated using azobenzene, norbornadiene class or two ruthenium fulvalene class compounds.
7. direct desorption type carbon capture system is evaporated at a kind of solar energy interface according to any one of claim 1 to 6
Control method, which is characterized in that including four kinds of operating modes:
Mode one: when daytime is sunny, closing control valve one (19) and control valve two (7), opening controlling valve three (18) and
Control valve four (26), desorber desorption part stop working, and solar energy interface is evaporated desorption part and worked normally, desorption process energy
Amount source is solar energy；Opening controlling valve five (12) is closed control valve six (13), and solar collector (10) works normally, storage
Flow container one (11) stores photoisomer working medium, and entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section normally assists heating；
Mode two: when sunlight deficiency on daytime, opening controlling valve one (19) and control valve two (7), opening controlling valve three (18) and
Control valve four (26), desorber desorption part and solar energy interface evaporation desorption part work normally, and desorption process energy comes
Source is that solar energy and reboiler consume energy；Opening controlling valve five (12) and control valve six (13), solar collector (10) normal work
Make, fluid reservoir one (11) provides the photoisomer working medium of storage, and entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section normally assists heating；
Mode three: when night energy storage abundance, opening controlling valve one (19) and control valve two (7), close control valve three (18) and
Control valve four (26), desorber desorption part work normally, and solar energy interface evaporation desorption part stops working, desorption process energy
Source is measured as reboiler energy consumption；It closes control valve five (12), opening controlling valve six (13), solar collector (10) stops work
Make, fluid reservoir one (11) provides the photoisomer working medium of storage, and entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section normally assists heating, after reaction
Working medium be stored in fluid reservoir two (17)；
Mode four: when night energy storage deficiency, opening controlling valve one (19) and control valve two (7), close control valve three (18) and
Control valve four (26), desorber desorption part work normally, and solar energy interface evaporation desorption part stops working, desorption process energy
Source is measured as reboiler energy consumption；Control valve five (12) and control valve six (13) are closed, entire molecule photo-thermal energy storage section stops fortune
Row maintains desorption required temperature by reboiler.
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