CN109940456A - Machine tool chief axis method for testing performance and system - Google Patents
Machine tool chief axis method for testing performance and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109940456A CN109940456A CN201711394409.6A CN201711394409A CN109940456A CN 109940456 A CN109940456 A CN 109940456A CN 201711394409 A CN201711394409 A CN 201711394409A CN 109940456 A CN109940456 A CN 109940456A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of lathe spindle method for testing performance and systems, and wherein lathe spindle method for testing performance comprises the steps of: the normal lathe spindle operation of control, obtain the operation basic parameter of the normal lathe spindle；It controls lathe spindle to be measured to run with the method for operation identical with the normal lathe spindle, obtains the operation detection parameters of the lathe spindle to be measured；The operation detection parameters and the operation basic parameter are compared, to assess the performance of the lathe spindle to be measured.Machine tool chief axis method for testing performance and system of the invention provides the new angle and method of assessment main shaft performance, so that main shaft performance detection is more comprehensive, scientifical.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to machine tool capability detection field more particularly to a kind of machine tool chief axis method for testing performance and systems.
Background technique
Spindle assemblies are a key components in lathe, its function is support and completes surface forming fortune with cutter
It is dynamic, while also playing a part of passing movement and torque, bearing the load such as cutting force and driving force.The operating condition of spindle assemblies
Directly influence the machining accuracy, cutter life and processing efficiency of workpiece.
Therefore, for the detection of main shaft state, just served during the actual processing of lathe critically important, passed through
Main shaft state is assessed, so that it may judge whether it has defective mounting, be judged in advance when whether forward spindle state can be with
Reach specified precision.
In the prior art, usually using spindle motor current as assessment main shaft state index, the assessment mode evaluate angle by
Limit, it is not comprehensive enough.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to in the detection method of lathe spindle performance, assess in the prior art
Mode is single, angle is limited, assesses not comprehensive enough defect, proposes a kind of machine tool chief axis method for testing performance and system.
The present invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem by following technical proposals:
A kind of lathe spindle method for testing performance comprising the steps of:
S1, the normal lathe spindle operation of control, obtain the operation basic parameter of normal lathe spindle；
S2, control lathe spindle to be measured are run with the method for operation identical with normal lathe spindle, obtain lathe to be measured
The operation detection parameters of main shaft；
S3, operation detection parameters are compared with operation basic parameter, to assess the performance of lathe spindle to be measured.
Preferably, operation basic parameter includes sound datum parameter, the sound datum parameter of normal lathe spindle is obtained
The step of include: sound transducer obtains the base sound sampled signal of normal lathe spindle, according to base sound sample believe
Number calculate sound datum parameter；
The step of running detection parameters includes sound detection parameter, obtains the sound detection parameter of lathe spindle to be measured packet
Contain: sound transducer obtains the detection sampled voice signal of lathe spindle to be measured, calculates sound according to detection sampled voice signal
Detection parameters；
S3 includes: by sound detection parameter and sound datum parameter comparison, when the difference of the two is more than default error range
When, determine that lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
Preferably, sound datum parameter includes at least one in zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter, obtain
Take zero-crossing rate basic parameter, in peak-to-average basic parameter at least one of the step of include: to base sound sampled signal into
Row time-domain analysis；
Sound detection parameter includes at least one in zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters, obtains zero passage
In rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters at least one of the step of include: to detection sampled voice signal carry out time domain
Analysis；
S3 includes: at least one in zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter is detected with zero-crossing rate respectively
Respective items at least one in parameter, peak-to-average detection parameters compare.
Preferably, sound datum parameter include dominant frequency frequency reference parameter, obtain dominant frequency frequency reference parameter the step of wrap
Contain: frequency-domain analysis is carried out to base sound sampled signal；
The step of sound detection parameter includes dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter, obtains dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter includes: to inspection
It surveys sampled voice signal and carries out frequency-domain analysis；
S3 includes: by dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and dominant frequency frequency reference parameter comparison.
Preferably, frequency-domain analysis includes Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
Preferably, operation basic parameter includes vibration basic parameter, the vibration basic parameter of normal lathe spindle is obtained
The step of include: the reference oscillation of normal lathe spindle is obtained using the vibrating sensor being set on normal lathe spindle
Sampled signal calculates vibration basic parameter according to reference oscillation sampled signal；
The step of running detection parameters includes vibration detection parameter, obtains the vibration detection parameter of lathe spindle to be measured packet
Contain: vibrating sampled signal, root using the detection that the vibrating sensor being set on lathe spindle to be measured obtains lathe spindle to be measured
Vibration detection parameter is calculated according to detection vibration sampled signal；
S3 includes: by vibration detection parameter and vibration basic parameter comparison, when the difference of the two is more than default error range
When, determine that lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
Preferably, vibration basic parameter includes, reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, benchmark kurtosis
In at least one of, obtain reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one
Step includes: carrying out time-domain analysis to reference oscillation sampled signal；
Vibration detection parameter includes detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria is poor, detects in kurtosis at least
One, obtaining the step of detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, at least one in detection kurtosis includes:
Time-domain analysis is carried out to detection vibration sampled signal；
S3 includes: by reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of point
Not with detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, in detection kurtosis at least one of in respective items comparison.
Preferably, including automatic control device, operating parameter acquisition device, performance computing device；
Automatic control device for controlling the operation of normal lathe spindle, and for control lathe spindle to be measured with it is normal
Lathe spindle identical method of operation operation；
Operating parameter acquisition device is used to obtain the operation basic parameter of normal lathe spindle, and for obtaining to measuring car
The operation detection parameters of bed main shaft；
Performance computing device will be for that will run detection parameters and operation basic parameter comparison, to assess lathe spindle to be measured
Performance.
Preferably, operation basic parameter includes sound datum parameter, operating parameter acquisition device includes sound transducer, fortune
Unit is calculated, sound transducer is used to obtain the base sound sampled signal of normal lathe spindle, and arithmetic element is used for according to base
Quasi- sampled voice signal calculates sound datum parameter；
Running detection parameters includes sound detection parameter, and sound transducer is also used to obtain the detection sound of lathe spindle to be measured
Sound sampled signal, arithmetic element are also used to calculate sound detection parameter according to detection sampled voice signal；
Performance computing device is used for sound detection parameter and sound datum parameter comparison, when the difference of the two is more than default
When error range, determine that lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
Preferably, sound datum parameter includes at least one in zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter, fortune
It calculates unit to be used to carry out time-domain analysis to base sound sampled signal, obtains zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter
At least one of in；
Sound detection parameter includes at least one in zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters, arithmetic element
For carrying out time-domain analysis to detection sampled voice signal, obtain zero-crossing rate detection parameters, in peak-to-average detection parameters extremely
One item missing；
Performance computing device be used for by zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter at least one of respectively with mistake
Respective items at least one in zero rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters compare.
Preferably, sound datum parameter includes dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter, arithmetic element, which is used to sample base sound, to be believed
Number carry out frequency-domain analysis, obtain dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter；
Sound detection parameter includes dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter, and arithmetic element is used to carry out frequency to detection sampled voice signal
Domain analysis obtains dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter；
Performance computing device is used for dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter comparison.
Preferably, frequency-domain analysis includes Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
Preferably, operation basic parameter includes vibration basic parameter, operating parameter acquisition device includes vibrating sensor, fortune
Unit is calculated, vibrating sensor obtains the reference oscillation sampling of normal lathe spindle for being set to normal lathe spindle
Signal, arithmetic element are used to calculate vibration basic parameter according to reference oscillation sampled signal；
Running detection parameters includes vibration detection parameter, and vibrating sensor is also used to be set on lathe spindle to be measured, obtain
The detection of lathe spindle to be measured is taken to vibrate sampled signal, arithmetic element is also used to calculate vibration inspection according to detection vibration sampled signal
Survey parameter；
Performance computing device is used for vibration detection parameter and vibration basic parameter comparison, when the difference of the two is more than default
When error range, determine that lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
Preferably, vibration basic parameter includes, reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, benchmark kurtosis
At least one of in, arithmetic element is used to carry out time-domain analysis to reference oscillation sampled signal, obtains reference peak mean value, benchmark
Peak value variance, base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of；
Vibration detection parameter includes detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria is poor, detects in kurtosis at least
One, arithmetic element is used to carry out time-domain analysis to detection vibration sampled signal, obtains detection peak-to-average, detection peak value side
Difference, examination criteria it is poor, detection kurtosis at least one；
Performance computing device is used for reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard are poor, in benchmark kurtosis extremely
One item missing respectively with detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, corresponding at least one in detection kurtosis
Item comparison.
The positive effect of the present invention is that: machine tool chief axis method for testing performance and system of the invention provides assessment
The new angle and method of main shaft performance, so that main shaft performance detection is more comprehensive, scientifical.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the machine tool chief axis method for testing performance of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the machine tool chief axis performance detecting system of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram of better embodiment of the machine tool chief axis performance detecting system of the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is a kind of embodiment of the arithmetic element of the machine tool chief axis performance detecting system of the embodiment of the present invention 1
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the another embodiment of the arithmetic element of the machine tool chief axis performance detecting system of the embodiment of the present invention 1
Schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the machine tool chief axis performance detecting system of the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by the mode of embodiment, but does not therefore limit the present invention to the reality
It applies among a range.
Embodiment 1
The lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 comprising the steps of:
S101, the normal lathe spindle operation of control, obtain the operation basic parameter of normal lathe spindle.
S102, control lathe spindle to be measured are run with the method for operation identical with normal lathe spindle, are obtained to measuring car
The operation detection parameters of bed main shaft.
S103, operation detection parameters are compared with operation basic parameter, to assess the performance of the lathe spindle to be measured.
When implementation, in S101, normal lathe spindle operation is controlled, for example, it is preset to control normal lathe operation
Program obtains the characteristic parameter of normal lathe spindle in the process of running, as the benchmark for assessing lathe spindle to be measured, i.e.,
Run basic parameter.
In S102, controls lathe to be measured and run the same preset program, obtain the feature ginseng of lathe spindle to be measured
Number, i.e. operation detection parameters.
In S103, operation detection parameters and operation basic parameter are compared, according to the deviation state of the two, assessment
The performance of lathe spindle to be measured, for example, then lathe spindle to be measured is evaluated when the difference of the two exceeds preset error range
For " failure ", should be overhauled.
As a kind of optional embodiment of the present embodiment, step S101 can be carried out before lathe dispatches from the factory, that is, will
Lathe master is obtained as normal lathe, and by S101 by the lathe that other detection modes are detected as qualified product before factory
The operation basic parameter of axis.In the optional embodiment of another kind of the present embodiment, step S101 can normally be transported in lathe
It is carried out after row, that is, when lathe can run well and converted products, and the qualification rate for the product processed reaches pre- bidding
On time, which is considered as normal lathe, and the operation basic parameter of the lathe spindle is obtained by S101.
The preset program can be the main shaft performance detection program being specially arranged, and the motion mode of lathe spindle has been done
The special setting of purpose, for example, the parameter of the various aspects of sufficiently covering lathe spindle, such as audio parameter, vibration parameters,
To reach the comprehensive assessment to lathe spindle performance；The preset program is also possible to the processing program to a certain product,
That is, the lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment can be to carry out, to not influence production in the routine use of lathe
Be normally carried out, substantially reduce cost.
Also, it in the lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment, without dismantling lathe spindle, is mentioned for detection process
Supplied great convenience, saved the plenty of time, avoid for detection lathe spindle performance and carry out lathe spindle disassembly and
The problems such as error introduced in installation, and bring cost consumption is debugged again.
When machine tool chief axis rotation, the sound of stable frequency can be issued, and the main shaft for working as lathe is in the event of failure, issues
Sound can also change.Therefore, in the present embodiment, using audio parameter as the index of assessment lathe spindle performance, that is, fortune
Row basic parameter includes sound datum parameter, obtains in the step S101 of the sound datum parameter of normal lathe spindle and includes:
Sound transducer obtains the base sound sampled signal of the normal lathe spindle, according to the base sound sampled signal meter
Calculate the sound datum parameter.Specifically, sound transducer is set near normal lathe spindle, in lathe operation
In the process, the sampled signal of the sound of the normal lathe spindle, i.e. base sound sampled signal are obtained.Then, by the benchmark
Sampled voice signal is converted to specific sound datum parameter by modes such as time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis.
Running detection parameters includes sound detection parameter, obtains the step S102 of the sound detection parameter of lathe spindle to be measured
In include: sound transducer obtains the detection sampled voice signal of the lathe spindle to be measured.Specifically, in lathe spindle to be measured
Near sound transducer is set, the lathe to be measured operation during, which is obtained by sound transducer
Sound sampled signal, i.e., detection sampled voice signal.Then, which is passed through into time-domain analysis, frequency
The modes such as domain analysis are converted to specific sound detection parameter.
Then, in S103: by sound detection parameter and sound datum parameter comparison, when the difference of the two is more than default misses
When poor range, then determine that lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
As described above, the assessment to audio parameter can be from the angle of time domain specification, it can also be from the angle of frequency domain characteristic
It carries out.A kind of optional embodiment of the lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment is the sound obtained from sound transducer
The angle of the time domain specification of sound sampled signal is assessed, that is, sound datum parameter includes zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average
At least one of in basic parameter；Obtain zero-crossing rate basic parameter, in peak-to-average basic parameter at least one of the step of
S101 includes: carrying out time-domain analysis to the base sound sampled signal.Sound detection parameter includes zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak
At least one of it is worth at least one in mean value detection parameters, in acquisition zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters
Step S102 includes: carrying out time-domain analysis to detection sampled voice signal.
S103 includes: by zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter at least one of respectively with the zero passage
Respective items at least one in rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters compare.
Specifically, sound transducer is set near normal machine tool chief axis, normal lathe spindle operation is controlled,
And base sound sampled signal is obtained using the sound transducer.The frequency for the voice signal that machine tool chief axis issues in the process of running
Rate is generally within the scope of 60-5000Hz, therefore, the sample frequency of voice signal can be arranged accordingly to meet nyquist sampling fixed
The sample frequency of reason.In addition, the frequency range of the voice signal issued is not when machine tool chief axis is run under different rotating speeds
It together, therefore, can be according to the revolving speed being arranged when the operation of normal main shaft be controlled, the sample frequency of voice signal is arranged.Both may be used
To meet nyquist sampling theorem, and resource consumption can be saved, the appropriate complexity for reducing operation.
Then, the base sound sampled signal for the lathe spindle that will acquire passes through a bandpass filter, filters out and does not need
Signal, the passband frequency range of the bandpass filter are as follows: 60-5000Hz, the free transmission range can according to need adjustment.So
Afterwards, signal is passed through into a mean filter, filters off unwanted radio-frequency component, improve the accuracy of follow-up data processing.
Next, based on zero-crossing rate basic parameter and peak-to-average benchmark ginseng is calculated by the aforementioned signal filtered twice
Number.Wherein,
Zero-crossing rate basic parameterIts
In, N is total number of sampling points, and x (m) is m-th of sampled value by the aforementioned signal filtered twice.
Peak-to-average basic parameter includes benchmark positive peak mean valueWith benchmark negative peak mean value
Wherein, PeakpBIt (i) is the value of i-th of positive peak point, NpBe positive peak point
Number；
Wherein, PeaknBIt (i) is the value of i-th of negative peak point, NnBe negative peak point
Number.
Then, sound transducer is set near lathe spindle to be measured, then control lathe spindle to be measured with just
The identical method of operation operation of normal lathe spindle, the detection sampled voice of lathe spindle to be measured is obtained using the sound transducer
Signal.Then it uses with aforementioned to the identical time-domain analysis mode of the base sound sampled signal of lathe spindle, by lathe to be measured
The detection sampled voice signal of main shaft successively passes through the bandpass filter, mean filter, then calculate zero-crossing rate detection parameters,
Peak-to-average detection parameters.
Zero-crossing rate basic parameter
Wherein, N is total number of sampling points, and x (m) is m-th of sampled value by the aforementioned signal filtered twice.
Peak-to-average detection parameters include detection positive peak mean valueWith detection negative peak mean value
Wherein, PeakpMIt (i) is the value of i-th of positive peak point, NpFor positive peak
The number of point；
Wherein, PeaknMIt (i) is the value of i-th of negative peak point, NnFor negative peak
The number of point.
Finally, zero-crossing rate detection parameters and zero-crossing rate basic parameter are compared, if deviation is more than preset error range,
Then the lathe spindle is assessed as " failure ", should be overhauled.By peak-to-average detection parameters and peak-to-average basic parameter into
Row comparison, if deviation is more than preset error range, which is assessed as " failure ", should be overhauled.As
A kind of preferable embodiment, is also respectively set weight coefficient for zero-crossing rate detection parameters and peak-to-average detection parameters, for example,
The weight coefficient of zero-crossing rate detection parameters is 0.7, and the weight coefficient of peak-to-average detection parameters is 0.3, and population deviation is more than
12% is assessed as " failure ".So, if percentage of the zero-crossing rate detection parameters relative to the deviation of zero-crossing rate basic parameter
Than being 8%, the calculation formula of the percentage are as follows:
Wherein, ZBaseFor zero-crossing rate basic parameter, ZMeasureZero-crossing rate detection parameters.
Peak-to-average detection parameters are 18% relative to the deviation of peak-to-average basic parameter, then population deviation is 8%*
0.7+18%*0.3=11%, less than 12%, which is assessed as " fault-free ".Aforementioned weight coefficient is merely illustrative,
In specific implementation, it can adjust as needed.
Experimental verification is carried out to the lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment below, experimental procedure is as follows:
Firstly, obtaining zero-crossing rate basic parameter and peak-to-average basic parameter to normal lathe spindle.It is specific to obtain stream
Journey is as previously mentioned, repeat no more.
Then, when cutter is installed on the lathe, the scraps of paper is filled at the edge of cutter, cause about 30 μm of cutter
Eccentricity simulates the main shaft to break down with this, and as lathe spindle to be measured obtain its zero-crossing rate detection parameters and
Peak-to-average detection parameters.
For the parameter of acquisition as shown in table 1, table 2, it is 10000 (10000 circle i.e. per minute) Shi Jinhang that wherein data, which are revolving speed,
Test the data obtained:
Table 1
| Zero-crossing rate detection parameters | Zero-crossing rate basic parameter | Deviation percent |
| 0.053891 | 0.037795 | 42.59% |
Table 2
Finally, zero-crossing rate detection parameters and zero-crossing rate basic parameter are compared, as shown in table 1, deviation ratio 42.59%；
Peak-to-average detection parameters and peak-to-average basic parameter are compared, as shown in table 2, deviation ratio 38.02%.Still it is with 12%
Predetermined deviation tolerance, then lathe spindle to be measured is assessed as " failure ".Because lathe to be measured is deliberately set as abnormal, should
Experimental result meets expection.In addition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the predetermined deviation tolerance is not limited to make in embodiment
12%, which, which can according to need, reasonably adjusts.
As shown in table 3, compare revolving speed be 2000,3000 ..., 10000 when normal lathe spindle issue sound
The frequency characteristic of sound signal is visible: the dominant frequency frequency in the frequency component that the voice signal under different rotating speeds is included is not yet
Together, and it is related with the size of revolving speed.By table 3 it can also be seen that revolving speed is bigger, dominant frequency frequency is also higher.But revolving speed compared with
When low, since its dominant frequency frequency is relatively low, the noise that may be not so good as high frequency is big, after noise reduction, it can be found that main sound frequency
Rate is positively related with revolving speed.
Table 3
| Revolving speed (circle/minute) | Dominant frequency frequency (Hz) |
| 4000 | 547 |
| 5000 | 683 |
| 6000 | 820 |
| 7000 | 957 |
| 8000 | 1093 |
| 9000 | 1229 |
| 10000 | 1366 |
Therefore, the optional embodiment of another kind of lathe spindle method for testing performance of the invention are as follows: from sound sensor
The angle of the frequency domain characteristic for the sampled voice signal that device obtains is assessed, and sound datum parameter is joined comprising dominant frequency frequency reference
Number, the step S101 for obtaining dominant frequency frequency reference parameter includes: carrying out frequency-domain analysis to base sound sampled signal.Sound detection
Parameter includes dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter, and the step S102 for obtaining dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter includes: to detection sampled voice letter
Number carry out frequency-domain analysis.S103 includes: by dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and dominant frequency frequency reference parameter comparison.
When it is implemented, sound transducer is set near normal machine tool chief axis, normal lathe spindle is controlled
Operation, and base sound sampled signal is obtained using the sound transducer.The sound letter that machine tool chief axis issues in the process of running
Number frequency generally within the scope of 60-5000Hz, therefore, the sample frequency of voice signal can be arranged accordingly and meet Nyquist
The sample frequency of sampling thheorem.In addition, when machine tool chief axis is run under different rotating speeds, the frequency model of the voice signal issued
Difference is enclosed, it therefore, can be according to the revolving speed being arranged when the operation of normal main shaft be controlled, the sample frequency of voice signal is arranged.
Not only it can satisfy nyquist sampling theorem, but also resource consumption can be saved, the appropriate complexity for reducing operation.
Then, the base sound sampled signal for the lathe spindle that will acquire passes through a bandpass filter, filters out and does not need
Signal, the passband frequency range of the bandpass filter are as follows: 60-5000Hz, the free transmission range can according to need adjustment.So
Afterwards, signal is passed through into a mean filter, filters off unwanted radio-frequency component, improve the accuracy of follow-up data processing.
Next, based on dominant frequency frequency reference parameter is calculated by the aforementioned signal filtered twice.Specific calculation is,
Frequency-domain analysis will be carried out by the aforementioned signal filtered twice, the frequency domain of the signal is obtained using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform (FFT))
Data, i.e., the corresponding amplitude size of each radio-frequency component, obtain the Frequency point of amplitude maximum, the as sound from frequency domain data
The dominant frequency frequency of signal, i.e. dominant frequency frequency reference parameter.
In next step, sound transducer is set near lathe spindle to be measured, then control lathe spindle to be measured with
The normally identical method of operation operation of lathe spindle, is adopted using the detection sound that the sound transducer obtains lathe spindle to be measured
Sample signal.Then it uses with aforementioned to the identical time-domain analysis mode of the base sound sampled signal of lathe spindle, it will be to measuring car
The detection sampled voice signal of bed main shaft successively passes through the bandpass filter, mean filter, then calculates by FFT to measuring car
The dominant frequency frequency of the detection sampled voice signal of bed main shaft, i.e. dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter.
Finally, by dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and dominant frequency frequency reference parameter comparison, when deviation is more than default error range
When, then the lathe spindle is evaluated as " failure ".
Having carried out experimental verification to the lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment, steps are as follows:
Firstly, obtaining dominant frequency frequency reference parameter to normal lathe spindle.It is specific to obtain process as previously mentioned, no longer superfluous
It states.
Then, when cutter is installed on the lathe, the scraps of paper is filled at the edge of cutter, cause about 30 μm of cutter
Eccentricity with this to simulate the main shaft to break down, and obtains its dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter as lathe spindle to be measured.
The parameter of acquisition is as shown in table 4, and wherein data, which are revolving speed, carries out the data of experiment acquisition when being 10000:
Table 4
| Dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter | Dominant frequency frequency reference parameter | Deviation percent |
| 3279 | 1335 | 145.62% |
Finally, as shown in table 4, which is by dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and dominant frequency frequency reference parameter comparison
145.62%, hence it is evident that abnormal, which is assessed as " failure ".Because lathe to be measured is deliberately set as abnormal,
Therefore the experimental result meets expection.
The lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment is using audio parameter as machine tool chief axis performance detection and assessment
The acquisition of index, voice data is very convenient, can be acquired using sound transducer, and cost is also very low；Testing and evaluation
Angle is also more scientific and comprehensive, can both be evaluated from the time domain specification of voice signal, can also be from the angle of frequency domain characteristic
Degree is assessed.
The present embodiment also provides a kind of lathe spindle performance detecting system, as shown in Fig. 2, the lathe spindle performance detection system
System includes automatic control device 21, operating parameter acquisition device 22, performance computing device 23.Automatic control device 21 is for controlling
Normal lathe spindle operation, and transported for controlling lathe spindle to be measured with the method for operation identical with normal lathe spindle
Row.Operating parameter acquisition device 22 is used to obtain the operation basic parameter of normal lathe spindle, and for obtaining lathe to be measured
The operation detection parameters of main shaft.Performance computing device 23 will be for that will run detection parameters and operation basic parameter comparison, with assessment
The performance of lathe spindle to be measured.
When detecting lathe spindle performance using the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment, steps are as follows:
Firstly, automatic control device 21 controls normal lathe spindle operation, operating parameter acquisition device 22 is obtained normally
Lathe spindle operation basic parameter.
Then, automatic control device 21 is controlled lathe spindle to be measured and is transported with the method for operation identical with normal lathe spindle
Row, operating parameter acquisition device 22 obtain the operation detection parameters of lathe spindle to be measured.
Finally, performance computing device 23 will run detection parameters and operation basic parameter comparison, it is described to measuring car to assess
The performance of bed main shaft.
When implementation, automatic control device 21 (for example, numerical control device on numerically-controlled machine tool) controls normal lathe spindle fortune
Row, for example, controlling normal lathe runs a preset program.In the process of running, operating parameter acquisition device 22 obtains
The characteristic parameter of normal lathe spindle, as the benchmark for assessing lathe spindle to be measured, i.e. operation basic parameter.
Then, automatic control device 21 controls lathe to be measured and runs the same preset program, and operating parameter obtains dress
The characteristic parameter of 22 acquisitions lathe spindle to be measured is set, i.e. operation detection parameters.
It is compared finally, performance computing device 23 will run detection parameters with operation basic parameter, according to the inclined of the two
Poor situation assesses the performance of lathe spindle to be measured, for example, when the difference of the two exceeds preset error range, then to measuring car
Bed main shaft is assessed as " failure ", should be overhauled.
As a kind of optional embodiment of the present embodiment, the step of the operation basic parameter of normal lathe spindle is obtained
Suddenly it can be carried out before lathe dispatches from the factory, that is, being detected as the lathe of qualified product as just by other detection modes for before factory
Normal lathe, and obtain the operation basic parameter of the lathe spindle.In the optional embodiment of another kind of the present embodiment, obtain
The step of taking the operation basic parameter of normal lathe spindle can carry out after lathe normal operation, that is, working as lathe energy
It is enough to run well and converted products, and when the qualification rate for the product processed reaches preset standard, which is considered as normal
Lathe obtains the operation basic parameter of the lathe spindle.
The preset program can be the main shaft performance detection program being specially arranged, and the motion mode of lathe spindle has been done
The special setting of purpose, for example, the parameter of the various aspects of sufficiently covering lathe spindle, such as audio parameter, vibration parameters,
To reach the comprehensive assessment to lathe spindle performance；The preset program is also possible to the processing program to a certain product,
That is, the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment can be detected in the routine use of lathe to machine tool chief axis performance,
To not influence being normally carried out for production, cost is substantially reduced.
Also, machine tool chief axis performance is detected using the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment, without dismantling lathe
Main shaft provides a great convenience for detection process, saves the plenty of time, avoids as detection lathe spindle performance and carries out
The problems such as error introduced in the disassembly and installation of lathe spindle, and bring cost consumption is debugged again.
When machine tool chief axis rotation, the sound of stable frequency can be issued, and the main shaft for working as lathe is in the event of failure, issues
Sound can also change.Therefore, in the present embodiment, using audio parameter as the index of assessment lathe spindle performance, such as Fig. 3
Shown, operating parameter acquisition device 22 includes sound transducer 221, arithmetic element 222, and sound transducer 221 is for obtaining just
The base sound sampled signal of normal lathe spindle, arithmetic element 222 are used to calculate sound base according to base sound sampled signal
Quasi- parameter.At this point, including in the step of obtaining the sound datum parameter of normal lathe spindle: sound transducer 221 obtains institute
State the base sound sampled signal of normal lathe spindle；Arithmetic element 222 calculates sound base according to base sound sampled signal
Quasi- parameter.Specifically, sound transducer 221 is set near normal lathe spindle, during lathe operation, obtain
Take the sampled signal of the sound of the normal lathe spindle, i.e. base sound sampled signal.Then, arithmetic element 222 is by the base
Quasi- sampled voice signal is converted to specific sound datum parameter by modes such as time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis.
Meanwhile running detection parameters includes sound detection parameter, sound transducer 221 is also used to obtain lathe spindle to be measured
Detection sampled voice signal, arithmetic element 222 be also used to according to detection sampled voice signal calculate sound detection parameter.It obtains
Include in the step of sound detection parameter of lathe spindle to be measured: sound transducer 221 obtains the detection sound of lathe spindle to be measured
Sound sampled signal, arithmetic element 222 calculate sound detection parameter according to detection sampled voice signal.Specifically, in lathe to be measured
Sound transducer 221 is set near main shaft, and during the lathe to be measured operation, being obtained by sound transducer 221 should be to
The sampled signal of the sound of lathe spindle is surveyed, i.e. detection sampled voice signal.Then, arithmetic element 222 adopts the detection sound
Sample signal is converted to specific sound detection parameter by modes such as time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis.
Finally, performance computing device 23 is by sound detection parameter and sound datum parameter comparison, when the difference of the two is more than
When default error range, then determine that lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
As described above, the assessment to audio parameter can be from the angle of time domain specification, it can also be from the angle of frequency domain characteristic
It carries out.A kind of optional embodiment of the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment is to obtain from sound transducer 221
The angle of time domain specification of sampled voice signal assessed, that is, sound datum parameter includes zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak value
At least one of in mean value basic parameter；Arithmetic element 222 is used to carry out time-domain analysis to base sound sampled signal, obtains
At least one of in zero rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter.Obtain zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter
In at least one of the step of include: arithmetic element 222 to the base sound sampled signal carry out time-domain analysis.Sound detection
Parameter includes at least one in zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters；Arithmetic element 222 is used for detection sound
At least one of sampled signal carries out time-domain analysis, in acquisition zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters.Obtain zero passage
In rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters at least one of the step of include: 222 pairs of detection sampled voices of arithmetic element are believed
Number carry out time-domain analysis.
Performance computing device 23 be used for by zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter at least one of respectively with
The step of respective items at least one in zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters are compared, are compared
Include: performance computing device 23 by zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter at least one of respectively with zero-crossing rate
Respective items at least one in detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters compare.
Specific detection process is, firstly, sound transducer 221 is set near normal machine tool chief axis, by certainly
Dynamic control device 21 controls normal lathe spindle operation, and obtains base sound sampled signal using the sound transducer 221.
The frequency for the voice signal that machine tool chief axis issues in the process of running is generally within the scope of 60-5000Hz, therefore, to voice signal
Sample frequency the sample frequency for meeting nyquist sampling theorem can be set accordingly.In addition, machine tool chief axis is in different revolving speeds
When lower operation, the frequency range of the voice signal issued is different, therefore, can be arranged according to when controlling the operation of normal main shaft
Revolving speed, the sample frequency of voice signal is arranged.Not only it can satisfy nyquist sampling theorem, but also resource can be saved and disappeared
Consumption, the appropriate complexity for reducing operation.
Then, the base sound sampled signal for the lathe spindle that will acquire passes through arithmetic element 222, as shown in figure 4, operation
Unit 222 includes bandpass filter 2221, mean filter 2222, time-domain calculation module 2223.The base sound of lathe spindle
Sampled signal passes through bandpass filter 2221, filters out unwanted signal, the passband frequency range of the bandpass filter 2221 are as follows:
60-5000Hz, the free transmission range can according to need adjustment.Then, by signal by fortune mean filter 2222, elimination is not required to
The radio-frequency component wanted improves the accuracy of follow-up data processing.
Next, based on the aforementioned signal filtered twice is passed through, time-domain calculation module 2223 calculates zero-crossing rate basic parameter
With peak-to-average basic parameter.Wherein, zero-crossing rate basic parameter
Wherein, N is total sampled point
Number, x (m) are m-th of sampled value by the aforementioned signal filtered twice.
Peak-to-average basic parameter includes benchmark positive peak mean valueWith benchmark negative peak mean value
Wherein, PeakpBIt (i) is the value of i-th of positive peak point, NpBe positive peak point
Number；
Wherein, PeaknBIt (i) is the value of i-th of negative peak point, NnBe negative peak point
Number.
Then, sound transducer 221 is set near lathe spindle to be measured, is controlled by automatic control device 21 to be measured
Lathe spindle method of operation operation identical with normal lathe spindle, obtains lathe master to be measured using the sound transducer 221
The detection sampled voice signal of axis.Then, arithmetic element 222 uses and the aforementioned base sound sampled signal phase to lathe spindle
With time-domain analysis mode, by the detection sampled voice signal of lathe spindle to be measured successively pass through the bandpass filter 2221,
Value filter 2222, then time-domain calculation module 2223 calculates zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters.
Zero-crossing rate basic parameter
Wherein, N is total number of sampling points, and x (m) is m-th of sampled value by the aforementioned signal filtered twice.
Peak-to-average basic parameter includes detection positive peak mean value and detection negative peak mean value
Wherein, PeakpMIt (i) is the value of i-th of positive peak point, NpFor positive peak
The number of point；
Wherein, PeaknMIt (i) is the value of i-th of negative peak point, NnFor negative peak
The number of point.
Finally, performance computing device 23 compares zero-crossing rate detection parameters and zero-crossing rate basic parameter, if deviation is more than
Preset error range, then the lathe spindle is assessed as " failure ", should be overhauled.Performance computing device 23 is by peak-to-average
Detection parameters are compared with peak-to-average basic parameter, if deviation is more than preset error range, the lathe spindle quilt
It is evaluated as " failure ", should be overhauled.As a kind of preferable embodiment, performance computing device 23 is also zero-crossing rate detection ginseng
Weight coefficient is respectively set in several and peak-to-average detection parameters, for example, the weight coefficient of zero-crossing rate detection parameters is 0.7, peak value
The weight coefficient of mean value detection parameters is 0.3, and population deviation is more than 12% and is assessed as " failure ".So, if zero-crossing rate
Detection parameters are 8% relative to the deviation of zero-crossing rate basic parameter, and peak-to-average detection parameters are joined relative to peak-to-average benchmark
Several deviations is 18%, then population deviation is 8%*0.7+18%*0.3=11%, which is assessed as " fault-free ".
Aforementioned weight coefficient is merely illustrative, in specific implementation, can adjust as needed.
To the experimental verification that the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment carries out, experimental procedure is as follows:
Firstly, operating parameter acquisition device 22 obtains zero-crossing rate basic parameter and peak-to-average base to normal lathe spindle
Quasi- parameter.The specific process that obtains is as previously mentioned, repeat no more.
Then, when cutter is installed on the lathe, the scraps of paper is filled at the edge of cutter, cause about 30 μm of cutter
Eccentricity simulates the main shaft to break down with this, and as lathe spindle to be measured, uses operating parameter acquisition device 22
Obtain its zero-crossing rate detection parameters and peak-to-average detection parameters.
For the parameter of acquisition as shown in table 1, table 2, wherein data, which are revolving speed, carries out the data of experiment acquisition when being 10000.
Finally, performance computing device 23 compares zero-crossing rate detection parameters and zero-crossing rate basic parameter；Performance computing device
23 compare peak-to-average detection parameters and peak-to-average basic parameter.Using 12% as discrepancy tolerance, then lathe spindle to be measured
It is assessed as " failure ".Because lathe to be measured is deliberately set as abnormal, which meets expection.
The optional embodiment of another kind of lathe spindle performance detecting system of the invention are as follows: obtained from sound transducer
The angle of frequency domain characteristic of sampled voice signal assessed, sound datum parameter includes dominant frequency frequency reference parameter, operation
Arithmetic element 222 in parameter obtaining device 22 is used to carry out frequency-domain analysis to base sound sampled signal, obtains dominant frequency frequency
Detection parameters.The step of obtaining dominant frequency frequency reference parameter includes: the arithmetic element 222 in operating parameter acquisition device 22 is to base
Quasi- sampled voice signal carries out frequency-domain analysis.Sound detection parameter includes dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter, operating parameter acquisition device
Arithmetic element 222 in 22 is used to carry out frequency-domain analysis to the detection sampled voice signal, obtains dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter
The step of include: 222 pairs of detection sampled voice signals of arithmetic element in operating parameter acquisition device 22 carry out frequency-domain analysis.Property
Energy computing device 23 is used for dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter comparison.In machine tool chief axis performance detection
In the process, the step of comparison includes: performance computing device 23 is by dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and dominant frequency frequency reference parameter pair
Than.
When it is implemented, the sound transducer 221 in operating parameter acquisition device 22 is set to normal machine tool chief axis
Near, automatic control device 21 controls normal lathe spindle operation, and obtains base sound using the sound transducer and adopt
Sample signal.The frequency for the voice signal that machine tool chief axis issues in the process of running is generally within the scope of 60-5000Hz, therefore, right
The sample frequency for meeting nyquist sampling theorem can be arranged in the sample frequency of voice signal accordingly.In addition, machine tool chief axis is not
When running under same revolving speed, the frequency range of the voice signal issued is different, therefore, can transport according to normal main shaft is controlled
The revolving speed being arranged when row, the sample frequency of voice signal is arranged.Not only it can satisfy nyquist sampling theorem, but also can save
Resource consumption, the appropriate complexity for reducing operation.
Then, the base sound sampled signal of the lathe spindle of acquisition passes through arithmetic element 222.As shown in figure 5, operation list
Member 222 includes bandpass filter 2221, mean filter 2222, FFT (Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)) converter 2224, frequency-domain calculations
Module 2225.The base sound sampled signal of lathe spindle passes through bandpass filter 2221, filters out unwanted signal, the band logical
The passband frequency range of filter 2221 are as follows: 60-5000Hz, the free transmission range can according to need adjustment.Then, which passes through
Mean filter 2222 is crossed, unwanted radio-frequency component is filtered off, improves the accuracy of follow-up data processing.
Next, based on the frequency domain of the signal is obtained by FFT transform device 2224 by the aforementioned signal filtered twice
Characteristic, frequency-domain calculations module 2225 analyze the dominant frequency frequency (Frequency point of amplitude maximum in each radio-frequency component) of voice signal,
That is dominant frequency frequency reference parameter.
In next step, the sound transducer 221 in operating parameter acquisition device 22 is set near lathe spindle to be measured.
Then, automatic control device 21 controls lathe spindle to be measured method of operation operation identical with normal lathe spindle, uses this
Sound transducer 221 obtains the detection sampled voice signal of lathe spindle to be measured.Then, arithmetic element 222 using with it is aforementioned right
The identical frequency-domain analysis mode of the base sound sampled signal of lathe spindle, by the detection sampled voice signal of lathe spindle to be measured
Successively by the bandpass filter 2221, mean filter 2222, FFT transform device 2224, frequency-domain calculations module 2225 calculate to
Survey the dominant frequency frequency of the detection sampled voice signal of lathe spindle, i.e. dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter.
Finally, performance computing device 23 is by dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and dominant frequency frequency reference parameter comparison, when deviation is super
When crossing default error range, then the lathe spindle is evaluated as " failure ".
To the experimental verification that the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment carries out, experimental procedure is as follows:
Firstly, obtaining dominant frequency frequency reference parameter to normal lathe spindle.It is specific to obtain process as previously mentioned, no longer superfluous
It states.
Then, when cutter is installed on the lathe, the scraps of paper is filled at the edge of cutter, cause about 30 μm of cutter
Eccentricity with this to simulate the main shaft to break down, and obtains its dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter as lathe spindle to be measured.
The parameter of acquisition is as shown in table 4, and wherein data, which are revolving speed, carries out the data of experiment acquisition when being 10000.
Finally, the deviation amplitude is 145.62%, bright by dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and dominant frequency frequency reference parameter comparison
Aobvious abnormal, which is assessed as " failure ".Because lathe to be measured is deliberately set as abnormal, the experiment knot
Fruit meets expection.
The lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment is using audio parameter as machine tool chief axis performance detection and assessment
The acquisition of index, voice data is very convenient, can be acquired using sound transducer, and cost is also very low；Testing and evaluation
Angle is also more scientific and comprehensive, can both be evaluated from the time domain specification of voice signal, can also be from the angle of frequency domain characteristic
Degree is assessed.
Embodiment 2
When main axis, other than it can issue apparent sound, subtle vibration, the vibration naked eyes of main shaft itself are also had
It is not easy to observe and, need by vibrating sensor.Pass through vibrating sensor ADXL335 (the three of ADI company, U.S. production
Axle acceleration sensor) vibration signal in tri- directions X, Y, Z is collected, and analyze collected vibration signal, so that it may it pushes away
Measure the current state of main shaft, if having abrasion or failure.
It is similar with voice signal analysis, for collected vibration signal, equally handled in time domain.It can by experiment
Know, when the eccentricity of main shaft is larger, its peak value variance and standard deviation can also increase accordingly, and standard deviation increases more
Obviously.Due to cannot be guaranteed that sensor is just being put completely, initial deviation might have, which is represented by peak-to-average
Come, about with the sin value (sine value) of the axle offset angle.Kurtosis is to detect the important indicator of main shaft state, for indicating to believe
For the degree of scatter of amplitude mean value, the value of kurtosis is about 3 under normal circumstances, is a dimensionless number for number amplitude.And main shaft has
When failure, since the distribution of amplitude may deviate normal distribution, so kurtosis can have greatly changed.
For the spectrogram of vibration signal, an obvious frequency (amplitude in i.e. each radio-frequency component is generally had
Maximum Frequency point), the revolving speed of referred to as dominant frequency frequency, the frequency and main shaft is positively correlated.
Therefore, on the basis of embodiment 1, the lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment uses vibration parameters conduct
Index, that is, the step of operation basic parameter includes vibration basic parameter, obtains the vibration basic parameter of normal lathe spindle
S101 includes: being adopted using the reference oscillation that the vibrating sensor being set on normal lathe spindle obtains normal lathe spindle
Sample signal calculates the vibration basic parameter according to the reference oscillation sampled signal.Specifically, vibrating sensor is set to
On normal lathe spindle, during lathe operation, the sampled signal of the vibration of the normal lathe spindle is obtained, i.e.,
Reference oscillation sampled signal.Then, which is converted to by modes such as time-domain analysis, frequency-domain analysis
Specific vibration basic parameter.
Running detection parameters includes vibration detection parameter, obtains the step S102 of the vibration detection parameter of lathe spindle to be measured
Include: vibrating sampled signal using the detection that the vibrating sensor being set on lathe spindle to be measured obtains lathe spindle to be measured,
Sampled signal, which is vibrated, according to the detection calculates the vibration detection parameter.Specifically, vibration is set on lathe spindle to be measured
Sensor is believed during the lathe to be measured operation by the sampling that vibrating sensor obtains the vibration of the lathe spindle to be measured
Number, i.e. sampled signal is vibrated in detection.Then, detection vibration sampled signal is converted into specific vibration by time-domain analysis
Detection parameters.
S103 includes: by vibration detection parameter and vibration basic parameter comparison, when the difference of the two is more than default error model
When enclosing, determine that lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
As described above, the assessment to vibration parameters can be from the angle of time domain specification, it can also be from the angle of frequency domain characteristic
It carries out.A kind of optional embodiment of the lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment is the vibration obtained from vibrating sensor
The angle of the time domain specification of dynamic sampled signal is assessed, that is, vibration basic parameter includes reference peak mean value, reference peak side
Difference, base standard is poor, at least one in benchmark kurtosis；Obtain reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard it is poor,
The step S101 of at least one in benchmark kurtosis includes: carrying out time-domain analysis to the reference oscillation sampled signal.Vibration inspection
Survey parameter include detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, in detection kurtosis at least one of, obtain and detect
Peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, in detection kurtosis at least one of step S102 include: to detection vibration
Dynamic sampled signal carries out time-domain analysis.
S103 includes: will test that peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, at least one in detection kurtosis
Respectively with the detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, the respective items at least one in detection kurtosis
It compares.
Specifically, vibrating sensor is set on normal machine tool chief axis, normal lathe spindle operation is controlled, and make
Reference oscillation sampled signal is obtained with the vibrating sensor.
Then, the reference oscillation sampled signal calculating benchmark peak-to-average of the lathe spindle that will acquire, reference peak variance,
Base standard is poor, benchmark kurtosis.
Wherein, reference peak mean value includes benchmark positive peak mean value and benchmark negative peak mean value
Wherein, PeakpBIt (i) is the value of i-th of positive peak point, NpBe positive peak point
Number；
Wherein, PeaknBIt (i) is the value of i-th of negative peak point, NnBe negative peak point
Number.
Reference peak variance includes benchmark positive peak variance DpPeakBaseWith benchmark negative peak variance DnPeakBase；
Wherein,For benchmark positive peak mean value, NpFor positive peak
The number of point；
Wherein,For benchmark negative peak mean value, NnFor negative peak
The number of point.
Base standard is poor
Wherein, N is number of sampling points, xbiFor the value of i-th of reference oscillation sampled signal, vibration sampling letter on the basis of xb
Number mean value, that is,
Benchmark kurtosis
Then, vibrating sensor is set on lathe spindle to be measured, then control lathe spindle to be measured with it is normal
The identical method of operation operation of lathe spindle obtains the detection vibration sampling letter of lathe spindle to be measured using the vibrating sensor
Number.Then, to the identical time-domain analysis mode of the reference oscillation sampled signal of lathe spindle, lathe to be measured is used using with aforementioned
The detection vibration sampled signal calculating detection peak-to-average of main shaft, detection peak value variance, examination criteria is poor, detects kurtosis.
Wherein, detection peak-to-average includes detection positive peak mean valueWith detection negative peak mean value
Wherein, PeakpMIt (i) is the value of i-th of positive peak point, NpFor positive peak
The number of point；
Wherein, PeaknMIt (i) is the value of i-th of negative peak point, NnFor negative peak
The number of point.
Detecting peak value variance includes detection positive peak variance DpPeakMeasureWith detection negative peak variance DnPeakMeasure；
Wherein,To detect positive peak mean value, NpFor
The number of positive peak point；
Wherein,To detect negative peak mean value, NnFor
The number of negative peak point.
Examination criteria is poor
Wherein, N is number of sampling points, xmiThe value of sampled signal is vibrated for i-th of detection,Sampling letter is vibrated for detection
Number mean value, that is,
Detect kurtosis
Finally, by reference peak mean value (benchmark positive peak mean value and benchmark negative peak mean value), reference peak variance (benchmark
Positive peak variance and benchmark negative peak variance), base standard is poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of respectively with the detection peak value
Mean value (detection positive peak mean value and detection negative peak mean value), detection peak value variance (detection positive peak variance and detection negative peak
Variance), examination criteria it is poor, detection kurtosis at least one of in respective items comparison, if any one of its deviation is more than
Preset error range, then the lathe spindle is assessed as " failure ", should be overhauled.
It is also detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, inspection in the present embodiment as a kind of preferable embodiment
Weight coefficient is respectively set in survey standard deviation, detection kurtosis, makes to the performance of lathe spindle and more improves reasonable assessment.
To the experimental verification that the lathe spindle method for testing performance of the present embodiment carries out, experimental procedure is as follows:
Firstly, it is poor to obtain reference peak variance, base standard to normal lathe spindle.It is specific to obtain for example preceding institute of process
It states, repeats no more.
Then, the eccentricity of the cutter of the lathe is adjusted, the main shaft to break down is simulated with this, and as to be measured
It is poor that lathe spindle obtains its detection peak value variance, examination criteria.
For the parameter of acquisition as shown in table 5, table 6, wherein data, which are revolving speed, carries out the data of experiment acquisition when being 10000:
Table 5
Table 6
| Examination criteria is poor | Base standard is poor | Deviation percent |
| 0.018517 | 0.022081 | 19.25% |
Finally, the deviation amplitude is 20.03%, the lathe to be measured by reference peak variance and detection peak value variance comparison
Main shaft is assessed as " failure "；Base standard difference and examination criteria difference are compared, which is 19.25%, should be to measuring car
Bed main shaft is assessed as " failure ".Because lathe to be measured is deliberately set as abnormal, which meets expection.Simultaneously
As can be seen that eccentricity is bigger, the deviation amplitude of testing result is bigger, also complies with expection.
The present embodiment also provides a kind of lathe spindle performance detecting system, as shown in Fig. 2, the system includes to automatically control dress
Set 21, operating parameter acquisition device 22, performance computing device 23.Automatic control device 21 is for controlling normal lathe spindle fortune
Row, and run for controlling lathe spindle to be measured with the method for operation identical with normal lathe spindle.Operating parameter obtains dress
22 are set for obtaining the operation basic parameter of normal lathe spindle, and the operation detection ginseng for obtaining lathe spindle to be measured
Number.Performance computing device 23 will be for that will run detection parameters and operation basic parameter comparison, to assess the property of lathe spindle to be measured
Energy.
When detecting lathe spindle performance using the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment, steps are as follows:
Firstly, automatic control device 21 controls normal lathe spindle operation, operating parameter acquisition device 22 is obtained normally
Lathe spindle operation basic parameter.
Then, automatic control device 21 is controlled lathe spindle to be measured and is transported with the method for operation identical with normal lathe spindle
Row, operating parameter acquisition device 22 obtain the operation detection parameters of lathe spindle to be measured.
Finally, performance computing device 23 will run detection parameters and operation basic parameter comparison, it is described to measuring car to assess
The performance of bed main shaft.
When implementation, automatic control device 21 (for example, numerical control device on numerically-controlled machine tool) controls normal lathe spindle fortune
Row, for example, controlling normal lathe runs a preset program.In the process of running, operating parameter acquisition device 22 obtains
The characteristic parameter of normal lathe spindle, as the benchmark for assessing lathe spindle to be measured, i.e. operation basic parameter.
Then, automatic control device 21 controls lathe to be measured and runs the same preset program, and operating parameter obtains dress
The characteristic parameter of 22 acquisitions lathe spindle to be measured is set, i.e. operation detection parameters.
It is compared finally, performance computing device 23 will run detection parameters with operation basic parameter, according to the inclined of the two
Poor situation assesses the performance of lathe spindle to be measured, for example, when the difference of the two exceeds preset error range, then to measuring car
Bed main shaft is assessed as " failure ", should be overhauled.
As a kind of optional embodiment of the present embodiment, the step of the operation basic parameter of normal lathe spindle is obtained
Suddenly it can be carried out before lathe dispatches from the factory, that is, being detected as the lathe of qualified product as just by other detection modes for before factory
Normal lathe, and obtain the operation basic parameter of the lathe spindle.In the optional embodiment of another kind of the present embodiment, obtain
The step of taking the operation basic parameter of normal lathe spindle can carry out after lathe normal operation, that is, working as lathe energy
It is enough to run well and converted products, and when the qualification rate for the product processed reaches preset standard, which is considered as normal
Lathe obtains the operation basic parameter of the lathe spindle.
The preset program can be the main shaft performance detection program being specially arranged, and the motion mode of lathe spindle has been done
The special setting of purpose, for example, the parameter of the various aspects of sufficiently covering lathe spindle, such as audio parameter, vibration parameters,
To reach the comprehensive assessment to lathe spindle performance；The preset program is also possible to the processing program to a certain product,
That is, the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment can be detected in the routine use of lathe to machine tool chief axis performance,
To not influence being normally carried out for production, cost is substantially reduced.
Also, machine tool chief axis performance is detected using the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment, without dismantling lathe
Main shaft provides a great convenience for detection process, saves the plenty of time, avoids as detection lathe spindle performance and carries out
The problems such as error introduced in the disassembly and installation of lathe spindle, and bring cost consumption is debugged again.
When it is implemented, operation basic parameter includes vibration basic parameter, as shown in figure 4, operating parameter acquisition device 22
Comprising vibrating sensor 223, arithmetic element 224, vibrating sensor 223 obtains just for being set to normal lathe spindle
The reference oscillation sampled signal of normal lathe spindle, arithmetic element 224 are used to calculate vibration base according to reference oscillation sampled signal
Quasi- parameter.At this point, including in the step of obtaining the vibration basic parameter of normal lathe spindle: vibrating sensor 223 obtains just
The reference oscillation sampled signal of normal lathe spindle；Arithmetic element 224 calculates vibration benchmark ginseng according to reference oscillation sampled signal
Number.Specifically, vibrating sensor 223 is set on normal lathe spindle, during lathe operation, this is being obtained just
The sampled signal of the vibration of normal lathe spindle, i.e. reference oscillation sampled signal.Then, arithmetic element 224 is by the reference oscillation
Sampled signal is converted to specific vibration basic parameter.
Meanwhile running detection parameters includes vibration detection parameter, vibrating sensor 223 is also used to obtain lathe spindle to be measured
Detection vibrate sampled signal, arithmetic element 224 be also used to according to detection vibration sampled signal calculate vibration detection parameter.It obtains
Include in the step of vibration detection parameter of lathe spindle to be measured: vibrating sensor 223 obtains the detection vibration of lathe spindle to be measured
Dynamic sampled signal, arithmetic element 224 calculate vibration detection parameter according to detection vibration sampled signal.Specifically, in lathe to be measured
Vibrating sensor 223 is set on main shaft, and during the lathe to be measured operation, being obtained by vibrating sensor 223 should be to measuring car
The sampled signal of the vibration of bed main shaft, i.e. detection vibration sampled signal.Then, which is vibrated sampling letter by arithmetic element 224
Number be converted to specific vibration detection parameter.
Finally, performance computing device 23 compares vibration detection parameter and vibration basic parameter, when the difference of the two is more than
When default error range, then determine that lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
In a kind of optional embodiment of the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment, vibration basic parameter includes
Reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of；As shown in fig. 6, arithmetic element
224, for carrying out time-domain analysis to reference oscillation sampled signal, obtain reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard
At least one of in difference, benchmark kurtosis.Vibration detection parameter include detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria it is poor,
At least one in kurtosis is detected, arithmetic element 224 is used to carry out time-domain analysis to detection vibration sampled signal, obtains institute
State that detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, at least one in detection kurtosis.Performance computing device 23 is used
In by reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of it is equal with detection peak value respectively
Value, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, in detection kurtosis at least one of in respective items compare.
When detecting lathe spindle performance using the lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment, first by vibrating sensor
223 are set on normal lathe spindle, during lathe operation, obtain adopting for the vibration of the normal lathe spindle
Sample signal, i.e. reference oscillation sampled signal.
Then, the reference oscillation sampled signal for the lathe spindle that will acquire passes through arithmetic element 224, and calculating benchmark peak value is equal
Value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, benchmark kurtosis.
Wherein, reference peak mean value includes benchmark positive peak mean valueWith benchmark negative peak mean value
Wherein, PeakpBIt (i) is the value of i-th of positive peak point, NpBe positive peak point
Number；
Wherein, PeaknBIt (i) is the value of i-th of negative peak point, NnBe negative peak point
Number.
Reference peak variance includes benchmark positive peak variance DpPeakBaseWith benchmark negative peak variance DnPeakBase；
Wherein,For benchmark positive peak mean value, NpFor positive peak
The number of point；
Wherein,For benchmark negative peak mean value, NnFor negative peak
The number of point.
Base standard is poor
Wherein, N is number of sampling points, xbiFor the value of i-th of reference oscillation sampled signal,On the basis of vibration sampling letter
Number mean value, that is,
Benchmark kurtosis
Then, vibrating sensor 223 is set on lathe spindle to be measured, is then controlled by automatic control device 21 to be measured
Lathe spindle is run with the method for operation identical with normal lathe spindle, obtains lathe master to be measured using vibrating sensor 223
Sampled signal is vibrated in the detection of axis.Then it uses with aforementioned to the identical time-domain analysis of the reference oscillation sampled signal of lathe spindle
Mode calculates detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria using the detection vibration sampled signal of lathe spindle to be measured
Difference, detection kurtosis.
Wherein, detection peak-to-average includes detection positive peak mean value and detection negative peak mean value
Wherein, PeakpMIt (i) is the value of i-th of positive peak point, NpFor positive peak
The number of point；
Wherein, PeaknMIt (i) is the value of i-th of negative peak point, NnFor negative peak
The number of point.
Detecting peak value variance includes detection positive peak variance DpPeakMeasureWith detection negative peak variance DnPeakMeasure；
Wherein,To detect positive peak mean value, NpFor
The number of positive peak point；
Wherein,To detect negative peak mean value, NnFor
The number of negative peak point.
Examination criteria is poor
Wherein, N is number of sampling points, xmiThe value of sampled signal is vibrated for i-th of detection,Sampling letter is vibrated for detection
Number mean value, that is,
Detect kurtosis
Finally, performance computing device 23 is by reference peak mean value (benchmark positive peak mean value and benchmark negative peak mean value), base
Quasi-peak value variance (benchmark positive peak variance and benchmark negative peak variance), base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of point
(positive peak variance is not detected with detection peak-to-average (detection positive peak mean value and detection negative peak mean value), detection peak value variance
With detection negative peak variance), examination criteria it is poor, detection kurtosis at least one of in respective items comparison, if wherein arbitrarily
One deviation is more than preset error range, then the lathe spindle is assessed as " failure ", should be overhauled.
As a kind of preferable embodiment, in the present embodiment, performance computing device 23 is also detection peak-to-average, inspection
Survey peak value variance, examination criteria are poor, weight coefficient is respectively set in detection kurtosis, make to the performance of lathe spindle and more improve conjunction
The assessment of reason.
The lathe spindle performance detecting system of the present embodiment passes through experimental verification, and experimental procedure is as follows:
Firstly, it is poor to obtain reference peak variance, base standard to normal lathe spindle.It is specific to obtain for example preceding institute of process
It states, repeats no more.
Then, the eccentricity of the cutter of the lathe is adjusted, the main shaft to break down is simulated with this, and as to be measured
It is poor that lathe spindle obtains its reference peak variance, base standard.
For the parameter of acquisition as shown in table 5, table 6, wherein data, which are revolving speed, carries out the data of experiment acquisition when being 10000.
Finally, the deviation amplitude is 20.03%, the lathe to be measured by reference peak variance and detection peak value variance comparison
Main shaft is assessed as " failure "；Base standard difference and examination criteria difference are compared, which is 19.25%, should be to measuring car
Bed main shaft is assessed as " failure ".Because lathe to be measured is deliberately set as abnormal, which meets expection.Simultaneously
As can be seen that eccentricity is bigger, the deviation amplitude of testing result is bigger, also complies with expection.
Although specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that these
It is merely illustrative of, protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.Those skilled in the art is not carrying on the back
Under the premise of from the principle and substance of the present invention, many changes and modifications may be made, but these are changed
Protection scope of the present invention is each fallen with modification.
Claims (14)
1. a kind of lathe spindle method for testing performance, which is characterized in that comprise the steps of:
S1, the normal lathe spindle operation of control, obtain the operation basic parameter of the normal lathe spindle；
S2, control lathe spindle to be measured are run with the method for operation identical with the normal lathe spindle, are obtained described to be measured
The operation detection parameters of lathe spindle；
S3, the operation detection parameters and the operation basic parameter are compared, to assess the performance of the lathe spindle to be measured.
2. lathe spindle method for testing performance as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the operation basic parameter includes sound
Sound basic parameter, the step of obtaining the sound datum parameter of normal lathe spindle include: sound transducer obtains described normal
Lathe spindle base sound sampled signal, the sound datum parameter is calculated according to the base sound sampled signal；
The step of operation detection parameters include sound detection parameter, obtain the sound detection parameter of lathe spindle to be measured packet
Contain: sound transducer obtains the detection sampled voice signal of the lathe spindle to be measured, according to the detection sampled voice signal
Calculate the sound detection parameter；
S3 includes: by the sound detection parameter and the sound datum parameter comparison, when the difference of the two is more than default error
When range, determine that the lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
3. lathe spindle method for testing performance as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the sound datum parameter included
At least one of in zero rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter, obtain the zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average benchmark
In parameter at least one of the step of include: to the base sound sampled signal carry out time-domain analysis；
The sound detection parameter includes at least one in zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters, described in acquisition
In zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters at least one of the step of include: to the detection sampled voice signal
Carry out time-domain analysis；
S3 includes: by the zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter at least one of respectively with the zero-crossing rate
Respective items at least one in detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters compare.
4. lathe spindle method for testing performance as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the sound datum parameter includes master
Frequent rate basic parameter, the step of obtaining the dominant frequency frequency reference parameter, include: carrying out to the base sound sampled signal
Frequency-domain analysis；
The step of sound detection parameter includes dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter, obtains the dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter includes:
Frequency-domain analysis is carried out to the detection sampled voice signal；
S3 includes: by the dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and the dominant frequency frequency reference parameter comparison.
5. lathe spindle method for testing performance as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the frequency-domain analysis includes quick Fu
In leaf transformation.
6. lathe spindle method for testing performance as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the operation basic parameter includes vibration
Dynamic basic parameter, the step of obtaining the vibration basic parameter of normal lathe spindle, include: using being set to the normal vehicle
Vibrating sensor on bed main shaft obtains the reference oscillation sampled signal of the normal lathe spindle, according to the reference oscillation
Sampled signal calculates the vibration basic parameter；
The step of operation detection parameters include vibration detection parameter, obtain the vibration detection parameter of lathe spindle to be measured packet
Contain: obtaining the detection vibration sampling of the lathe spindle to be measured using the vibrating sensor being set on the lathe spindle to be measured
Signal vibrates sampled signal according to the detection and calculates the vibration detection parameter；
S3 includes: the vibration detection parameter and the vibration basic parameter being compared, when the difference of the two is more than default error
When range, determine that the lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
7. lathe spindle method for testing performance as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the vibration basic parameter includes base
Quasi-peak value mean value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of, obtain the reference peak mean value,
Reference peak variance, base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of the step of include: to the reference oscillation sampled signal
Carry out time-domain analysis；
The vibration detection parameter includes detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria is poor, detects in kurtosis at least
One, the acquisition detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria is poor, detects the step of at least one in kurtosis
Include: time-domain analysis is carried out to detection vibration sampled signal；
S3 includes: by the reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of point
Not with the detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, the respective items pair at least one in detection kurtosis
Than.
8. a kind of lathe spindle performance detecting system, which is characterized in that comprising automatic control device, operating parameter acquisition device,
Performance computing device；
The automatic control device for controlling the operation of normal lathe spindle, and for control lathe spindle to be measured with it is described
The normally identical method of operation operation of lathe spindle；
The operating parameter acquisition device is used to obtain the operation basic parameter of the normal lathe spindle, and for obtaining institute
State the operation detection parameters of lathe spindle to be measured；
The performance computing device is used to compare the operation detection parameters and the operation basic parameter, with described in assessment to
Survey the performance of lathe spindle.
9. lathe spindle performance detecting system as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the operation basic parameter includes sound
Sound basic parameter, the operating parameter acquisition device include sound transducer, arithmetic element, and the sound transducer is for obtaining
The base sound sampled signal of the normal lathe spindle, the arithmetic element are used for according to the base sound sampled signal
Calculate the sound datum parameter；
The operation detection parameters include sound detection parameter, and the sound transducer is also used to obtain the lathe spindle to be measured
Detection sampled voice signal, the arithmetic element is also used to calculate the sound detection according to the detection sampled voice signal
Parameter；
The performance computing device is used for by the sound detection parameter and the sound datum parameter comparison, when the difference of the two
When more than default error range, determine that the lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
10. lathe spindle performance detecting system as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the sound datum parameter includes
At least one of in zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter, the arithmetic element is for adopting the base sound
Sample signal carries out time-domain analysis, obtain the zero-crossing rate basic parameter, in peak-to-average basic parameter at least one of；
The sound detection parameter includes at least one in zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters, the operation
Unit is used to carry out time-domain analysis to the detection sampled voice signal, obtains the zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average inspection
Survey at least one in parameter；
The performance computing device is used at least one in the zero-crossing rate basic parameter, peak-to-average basic parameter respectively
It is compared with the respective items at least one in the zero-crossing rate detection parameters, peak-to-average detection parameters.
11. lathe spindle performance detecting system as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that the sound datum parameter includes
Dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter, the arithmetic element is used to carry out frequency-domain analysis to the base sound sampled signal, described in acquisition
Dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter；
The sound detection parameter includes dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter, and the arithmetic element is used to believe the detection sampled voice
Number carry out frequency-domain analysis, obtain the dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter；
The performance computing device is used for the dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter and the dominant frequency frequency detecting parameter comparison.
12. lathe spindle performance detecting system as claimed in claim 11, which is characterized in that the frequency-domain analysis includes quick
Fourier transformation.
13. lathe spindle performance detecting system as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that the operation basic parameter includes
Basic parameter is vibrated, the operating parameter acquisition device includes vibrating sensor, arithmetic element, and the vibrating sensor is for setting
It is placed on the normal lathe spindle, obtains the reference oscillation sampled signal of the normal lathe spindle, the operation list
Member is for calculating the vibration basic parameter according to the reference oscillation sampled signal；
The operation detection parameters include vibration detection parameter, and the vibrating sensor is also used to be set to the lathe master to be measured
On axis, the detection vibration sampled signal of lathe spindle to be measured is obtained, the arithmetic element is also used to vibrate according to the detection and adopt
Sample signal calculates the vibration detection parameter；
The performance computing device is used to compare the vibration detection parameter and the vibration basic parameter, when the difference of the two
When more than default error range, determine that the lathe spindle to be measured is unqualified.
14. lathe spindle performance detecting system as claimed in claim 13, which is characterized in that the vibration basic parameter includes
Reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard be poor, in benchmark kurtosis at least one of, the arithmetic element for pair
The reference oscillation sampled signal carries out time-domain analysis, obtains the reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard
At least one of in difference, benchmark kurtosis；
The vibration detection parameter includes detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria is poor, detects in kurtosis at least
One, the arithmetic element is used to carry out the detection vibration sampled signal time-domain analysis, the acquisition detection peak-to-average,
Detect that peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, at least one in detection kurtosis；
The performance computing device is used for the reference peak mean value, reference peak variance, base standard are poor, in benchmark kurtosis
At least one of respectively with the detection peak-to-average, detection peak value variance, examination criteria be poor, at least one in detection kurtosis
In respective items comparison.
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