CN111122085B - Structure assembly quality evaluation method based on power distribution characteristics - Google Patents
Structure assembly quality evaluation method based on power distribution characteristics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating structure assembly quality based on power distribution characteristics, which relates to the technical field of structure assembly detection and comprises the steps of applying excitation to a plurality of target points in a target area of a tested structure assembly object through an excitation device; calculating the single-point vibration power of each target point at each frequency point in the analysis frequency band, and solving by combining the single-point vibration power to obtain the total vibration power of the single-point frequency band; superposing the total vibration power of each single-point frequency band, and then calculating the average to obtain the regional average vibration power of a target region; and comparing the area average vibration power with the standard area average vibration power of the tested structure assembly object, and judging the construction quality of the tested structure assembly object according to the comparison result. The invention improves the recognition rate of the construction quality problem, can effectively evaluate the quality of structural assembly, and solves the problem that the analysis result difference is generated due to the change of the input source characteristics caused by the difference of testers in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of structure assembly detection, in particular to a method for evaluating structure assembly quality based on power distribution characteristics.
Background
At present, the detection of the construction quality problem of the structure assembly mostly depends on methods such as hearing and visual inspection, or vibration noise detection is carried out by means of distribution of points at partial typical positions or key attention positions by means of instrument equipment, and the distribution positions and test results are greatly influenced by human factors, so that the data dispersion is large, and the reason of the vibration noise of the structure assembly cannot be judged; when the vibration control effect is evaluated, a plurality of conditions are judged according to the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the vibration acceleration at the typical position, but the judgment method can only identify the condition with a large construction quality problem, and the difference of self impedance characteristics of different structures at the same position can also obviously influence the measurement result of local acceleration response, thereby generating misjudgment on the construction quality.
In addition, the vibration of the ship structure is transmitted and radiated to other structures and outboard in the form of energy, so that in order to evaluate the vibration control effect of the ship structure more accurately and comprehensively, not only the influence of the vibration speed but also the transmission characteristic of the vibration force need to be considered fully, but the traditional method only considers the problem of the vibration speed and ignores the transmission of the vibration force, so that the evaluation result is deviated, and the data reliability is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the structure assembly quality based on the power distribution characteristics, which can improve the identification rate of construction quality problems and effectively evaluate the structure assembly quality.
In order to achieve the above purposes, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for evaluating the assembly quality of a structure based on power distribution characteristics comprises the following steps: applying excitation to a plurality of target points in a target area of a measured structure assembly object through an excitation device;
calculating the single-point vibration power of each target point at each frequency point in an analysis frequency band, and solving by combining the single-point vibration power to obtain the total vibration power of the single-point frequency band;
superposing the total vibration power of each single-point frequency band, and then calculating the average to obtain the regional average vibration power of a target region in an analysis frequency band;
and comparing the area average vibration power with the standard area average vibration power of the tested structure assembly object, and judging the construction quality of the tested structure assembly object according to the comparison result.
On the basis of the above technical solution, the calculating of the single-point vibration power of each target point at each frequency point in the analysis frequency band specifically includes the following steps: and acquiring the origin acceleration admittance of the target point at a certain frequency point, measuring the vibration acceleration of the target point and the self-power spectral density of the acceleration signal, and calculating to obtain the single-point vibration power.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the range of the analysis frequency band is determined by the coherence of the test data of the origin acceleration admittance on each frequency point.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the construction quality of the assembly object of the tested structure is judged according to the comparison result, and the specific judgment method comprises the following steps: if the difference between the average vibration power of the region and the average vibration power of the standard region is larger than 1dB, the construction quality problem of the assembly object of the tested structure is considered to exist, and the assembly object of the tested structure needs to be tested again; otherwise, the measured structure assembly object is considered to have no construction quality problem.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the method further comprises the following steps: judging the acoustic consistency of the source characteristics of the measured structure assembling object, wherein the specific steps of the acoustic consistency judgment of the source characteristics are as follows: selecting a monitoring point on the assembly object of the structure to be detected, and acquiring a vibration acceleration spectrogram of the monitoring point; comparing the vibration acceleration frequency spectrograms with other tested structure assembling objects of the same type at the same monitoring point, and if the frequency band total level deviation of the two vibration acceleration frequency spectrograms in the working frequency range is less than 1dB, and the frequency points of the axial frequency, the leaf frequency and the harmonic frequency in the analysis frequency band are the same or similar and the amplitudes are similar, then the source characteristics of the tested structure assembling objects have acoustic consistency; otherwise, the source characteristics of the measured structure assembly object are not consistent acoustically.
On the basis of the technical scheme, when the assembly object of the measured structure is a bridge assembly structure, the acoustic consistency judgment of the source characteristics further comprises the following steps: and simulating the vibration characteristic of the bridge assembly structure in the working state by adopting an additional vibration source mode.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the structure at the target point is made of hard materials.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the excitation device is a force hammer or a vibration exciter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention relates to a method for evaluating structure assembly quality based on power distribution characteristics, which comprises the steps of applying excitation to a plurality of target points in a target area of a tested structure assembly object through an excitation device, wherein the method for applying the excitation does not depend on the experience of testers, but directly applies the excitation according to national standards, and solves the problem that the characteristics of input sources are changed due to the difference of the testers so as to generate analysis result difference in the prior art; the single-point vibration power and the area average vibration power of each target point in an analysis frequency band are calculated, from the viewpoint of energy, the vibration speed and the overall distribution characteristic and the phase characteristic of the vibration force are fully considered, and the vibration control effect of structural assembly (particularly ship type structures) can be more accurately and comprehensively evaluated; the area average vibration power is compared with the standard area average vibration power, the construction quality of the structural assembly is judged according to the comparison result, the data analysis method is simple, the judgment method is direct, the adverse effect of the test point arrangement position selected by a tester on the judgment result is reduced, the identification rate of the construction quality problem is improved, and the quality of the structural assembly can be effectively evaluated.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for evaluating structure assembly quality based on power distribution characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic layout diagram of target area power distribution characteristic measuring points according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for evaluating a structure assembly quality based on a power distribution characteristic, where the method includes the following steps:
s1: the excitation device applies excitation to a plurality of target points within the target region of the target object of the structure under test, and the process proceeds to S2.
In the step S1, the tester operates the exciting devices such as the force hammer or the vibration exciter according to the national standard to excite a plurality of target points in the target area of the structural assembly object to be tested, and the exciting devices can quickly and accurately excite the target points without depending on the experience of the tester, thereby solving the problem that the characteristics of the input source are changed due to the difference of the tester in the prior art, and further the analysis result difference is generated. In addition, the target point for testing on the tested structure assembly object is made of hard material, which is beneficial to the arrangement of the sensor and the implementation of the excitation experiment.
S2: and calculating the single-point vibration power of each target point at each frequency point in the analysis frequency band, combining the single-point vibration powers to solve to obtain the total vibration power of the single-point frequency band, and turning to S3.
Firstly, calculating the origin acceleration admittance H (f) of a target point at a certain frequency point, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein H (f) is the origin acceleration admittance at the target point, and the unit is m/(N.s)2)；Ah(f) Frequency domain representation of the effective value of the acceleration signal when the object to be assembled to the structure to be measured is stationary, in m/s2(ii) a F (f) is a frequency domain representation of the force signal in units of N.
And analyzing the data coherence among the origin acceleration admittances of all frequency points according to the test result of the origin acceleration admittance and referring to the requirement of data validity in GB/T11349.3-2006, and determining the range of the analysis frequency band of the assembly object of the tested structure according to the user requirement.
Then measuring the vibration acceleration A (f) at the target point, and calculating the self-power spectral density G of the acceleration signal under different working conditionsaa(f) The formula is as follows:
wherein G isaa(f) Under different working conditions, the unit of the self-power spectral density of the acceleration signal at the target point under a certain frequency point f is as follows: W/Hz; a (f) is the frequency domain representation of the effective value of the acceleration signal when the object to be assembled of the structure to be measured is in operation, and the unit is m/s2(ii) a A (f) is a frequency domain representation of the conjugate of the effective value of the acceleration signal during the operation of the object to be measured, in m/s2(ii) a Δ f is the frequency resolution in Hz.
Calculating the single-point vibration power P of the target point at a certain frequency point in the analysis frequency band according to the measured datadThe formula is as follows:
wherein, PdThe unit is the vibration power of a single target point under a certain frequency point f, and the unit is W; omega is angular frequency, and the unit is rad/s; im is the imaginary part of the complex number.
Finally, the single-point vibration power P of the target point at each frequency point in the analysis frequency band is analyzeddSolving to obtain the total vibration power P of the single-point frequency bandd-RMSThe formula is as follows:
wherein, Pd-RMSThe frequency band vibration power total value is a single target point; and m is the total number of frequency points in the analysis frequency band.
S3: and (4) superposing the total vibration power of each single-point frequency band, then averaging to obtain the area average vibration power of the target area in the analysis frequency band, and turning to S4.
The total vibration power P of each single-point frequency bandd-RMSAfter superposition, the average value is calculated to obtain the regional average vibration power P of the target region in the analysis frequency bandqThe formula is as follows:
wherein, PqIs the area average vibration power, with the unit of W; pd-RMSiThe method is characterized in that the total vibration power of a single-point frequency band at the ith target point in a target area can be obtained, the power distribution condition of the target area can be mastered, whether the construction quality is problematic or not can be judged, and whether the structure assembly process has great influence on the acoustic characteristics of the tested structure assembly object or not can be further judged under the installation condition.
S4: and comparing the area average vibration power with the standard area average vibration power of the tested structure assembly object, and judging the construction quality of the tested structure assembly object according to the comparison result.
Comparing the area average vibration power with the standard area average vibration power of the tested structure assembly object, judging the construction quality of the tested structure assembly object according to the comparison result, if the difference between the area average vibration power and the standard area average vibration power is more than 1dB, considering that the tested structure assembly object has construction quality problems, judging whether the construction quality problems have obvious influence on the acoustic quality of a system, and rechecking the system; otherwise, the measured structure assembly object is considered to have no construction quality problem.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of: the method for judging the acoustic consistency of the source characteristics of the assembly object of the measured structure comprises the following specific steps:
and selecting a monitoring point on the assembly object of the structure to be detected (if the assembly object of the structure to be detected is the bridge assembly structure, the vibration characteristic of the bridge assembly structure in the working state needs to be simulated by adopting an additional vibration source mode), and acquiring a vibration acceleration spectrogram of the monitoring point.
Comparing the vibration acceleration frequency spectrogram with vibration acceleration frequency spectrograms of other tested structure assembling objects of the same type at the same monitoring point, and if the frequency band total level deviation of the two vibration acceleration frequency spectrograms in a working frequency range is less than 1dB, and frequency points of axial frequency, leaf frequency and harmonic frequency in an analysis frequency band are the same or similar and have similar amplitudes, indicating that the source characteristics of the tested structure assembling objects have acoustic consistency, and the method is suitable for judging the construction quality; otherwise, the source characteristics of the measured structure assembly object do not have acoustic consistency, and the method is not suitable for judging the construction quality.
However, if the vibration acceleration of the same type of structural assembly object to be tested has deviation, but the power distribution characteristic of the target area still has better consistency with the standard distribution characteristic, the structural assembly object to be tested can still be considered to have better acoustic quality.
When the structure assembly quality is judged, the prior art cannot analyze the construction quality and the energy transfer characteristic from the energy perspective, so that the judgment result is unreasonable, and the regional energy distribution characteristic cannot be accurately reflected. Based on FRF frequency response function testing and vibration acceleration testing technologies in the vibration testing technology, aiming at a specific assembly structure, performing origin acceleration admittance testing of target points on a product which is qualified by standard technology and detection flow, and performing acceleration self-power spectral density testing of each target point in a target area under different working conditions, and calculating to obtain area average vibration power of the target area under a standard construction state, wherein the area average vibration power is used as a standard sample of an assembly object of the structure; aiming at other batches of products assembled by the structure, measuring points are arranged at the same positions, the same testing and data processing method is adopted to test the power distribution characteristic of a target area, whether the other batches of products have construction quality problems (such as welding defect inspection, bolt connection quality, composite material adhesion quality inspection, structural connection strength inspection, equipment installation quality and the like) is judged by comparing the average vibration power of the areas, the influence degree of the working condition state on the whole vibration noise is judged, and the problem of unreasonable judgment result in the traditional method for evaluating the structure assembly quality is effectively solved from the energy perspective.
The method is used for carrying out a quality evaluation experiment on the small motor with the metal structure, three tests are carried out totally, wherein the two tests are two tests in the same installation state and are marked as a mark 1 and a mark 2; and thirdly, adjusting the mounting state of the vibration isolator, which is marked as changed by 1, and specifically operating as follows:
selecting a main construction quality evaluation object, and determining a target area with key attention: the small motor and the base thereof are taken as systematic structural assembly objects, the target area of the small motor is selected outside the system and keeps a proper distance with the system, and the area has certain characteristics so as to facilitate the positioning of measuring points, facilitate the comparison of test data of different products and judge the construction quality and the acoustic quality of the assembly of the system, so that the arrangement of the measuring points with the power distribution characteristics as shown in figure 2 is carried out in the target area.
Completing the origin acceleration admittance test of each measuring point in the target area according to GB/T11349.3-2006; according to the test result of the origin acceleration admittance, determining that the analysis frequency band range of the system is 10Hz-2000 Hz; calculating the total vibration power of the single-point frequency band of each measuring point, and determining the power distribution characteristic of a target area; and calculating the area average vibration power of the target area, and comparing the area average vibration power with the area average vibration power in a standard construction state so as to judge whether the construction quality or the acoustic quality has problems.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
As can be seen from table 1, the change of the power distribution characteristics in the two standard states measured by the method is small and is only within 2%, and the dispersion of the traditional vibration acceleration reaches 16.06%, so that the result calculated by the method is more stable; although the relative variation of the power value of each point before and after the process state is changed is smaller than the variation of the acceleration, the ratio of the variation to the standard deviation shows that the relative variation is 6.4 times as minimum and 101.88 times as maximum, while the ratio of the variation of the traditional acceleration to the standard deviation is usually about 3 times and the minimum variation is only 0.97 time, and the evaluation effect is far lower than that of the method.
In addition, comprehensive analysis of regional energy shows that after the process parameters are changed, the overall energy of the region is larger, which is consistent with the trend obtained by theoretical calculation; however, the traditional acceleration rate is the opposite conclusion, so that the method can not only evaluate the structural assembly quality from the energy perspective, but also evaluate the acoustic quality of the system more reasonably.
TABLE 1 test results of various parameters of various test points under different installation states
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and such modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method for evaluating the assembly quality of a structure based on power distribution characteristics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
applying excitation to a plurality of target points in a target area of a measured structure assembly object through an excitation device;
calculating the single-point vibration power of each target point at each frequency point in an analysis frequency band, and solving by combining the single-point vibration power to obtain the total vibration power of the single-point frequency band;
the step of calculating the single-point vibration power of each target point at each frequency point in the analysis frequency band and solving by combining the single-point vibration power to obtain the total vibration power of the single-point frequency band comprises the following steps:
calculating the origin acceleration admittance H (f) of the target point at a certain frequency point, wherein the formula is as follows:
wherein H (f) is the origin acceleration admittance at the target point, and the unit is m/(N.s)2)；Ah(f) The acceleration signal when the object for mounting the structure to be measured is stationary hasFrequency domain representation of effective values, in m/s2(ii) a F (f) is a frequency domain representation of the force signal in units of N;
analyzing data coherence among the original point acceleration admittances of all frequency points according to the test result of the original point acceleration admittances, and determining the range of an analysis frequency band of an assembly object of the tested structure;
obtaining the vibration acceleration A (f) of the target point, and calculating the self-power spectral density G of the acceleration signal of the target point under different working conditionsaa(f) The formula is as follows:
wherein G isaa(f) Under different working conditions, the unit of the self-power spectral density of the acceleration signal at the target point under a certain frequency point f is as follows: W/Hz; a (f) is the frequency domain representation of the effective value of the acceleration signal when the object to be assembled of the structure to be measured is in operation, and the unit is m/s2；A(f)*Frequency domain representation of the conjugate of the effective value of the acceleration signal during operation for the structure under test assembly, in m/s2(ii) a Δ f is the frequency resolution in Hz;
calculating to obtain the single-point vibration power P of a target point at a certain frequency point in an analysis frequency band according to the origin acceleration admittance and the self-power spectral densitydThe formula is as follows:
wherein, PdThe unit is the vibration power of a single target point under a certain frequency point f, and the unit is W; omega is angular frequency, and the unit is rad/s; im is the imaginary part of the complex number;
the single-point vibration power P of the target point at each frequency point in the analysis frequency banddSolving to obtain the total vibration power P of the single-point frequency bandd-RMSThe formula is as follows:
wherein, Pd-RMSThe frequency band vibration power total value is a single target point; m is the total number of frequency points in the analysis frequency band;
superposing the total vibration power of each single-point frequency band, and then calculating the average to obtain the regional average vibration power of a target region in an analysis frequency band;
and comparing the area average vibration power with the standard area average vibration power of the tested structure assembly object, and judging the construction quality of the tested structure assembly object according to the comparison result.
2. The method for evaluating the assembly quality of a structure based on power distribution characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the construction quality of the tested structure assembly object is judged according to the comparison result, and the specific judgment method comprises the following steps: if the difference between the average vibration power of the region and the average vibration power of the standard region is larger than 1dB, the construction quality problem of the assembly object of the tested structure is considered to exist, and the assembly object of the tested structure needs to be tested again; otherwise, the measured structure assembly object is considered to have no construction quality problem.
3. The method for evaluating the assembly quality of a structure based on power distribution characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises the steps of: judging the acoustic consistency of the source characteristics of the measured structure assembling object, wherein the specific steps of the acoustic consistency judgment of the source characteristics are as follows:
selecting a monitoring point on the assembly object of the structure to be detected, and acquiring a vibration acceleration spectrogram of the monitoring point;
comparing the vibration acceleration frequency spectrograms with other tested structure assembling objects of the same type at the same monitoring point, and if the frequency band total level deviation of the two vibration acceleration frequency spectrograms in the working frequency range is less than 1dB, and the frequency points of the axial frequency, the leaf frequency and the harmonic frequency in the analysis frequency band are the same or similar and the amplitudes are similar, then the source characteristics of the tested structure assembling objects have acoustic consistency; otherwise, the source characteristics of the measured structure assembly object are not consistent acoustically.
4. The method for evaluating the assembly quality of a structure based on power distribution characteristics as claimed in claim 3, wherein: when the measured structure assembly object is a bridge assembly structure, the acoustic consistency judgment of the source characteristics further comprises the following steps: and simulating the vibration characteristic of the bridge assembly structure in the working state by adopting an additional vibration source mode.
5. The method for evaluating the assembly quality of a structure based on power distribution characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the structure at the target point is a hard material.
6. The method for evaluating the assembly quality of a structure based on power distribution characteristics as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the excitation device is a force hammer or a vibration exciter.
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