CN109936335A - The online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure - Google Patents
The online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of online test methods of photovoltaic array hot spot failure, including step S1: measuring maximum power point voltage U using MPPT technique and multi-sensor fusion technologympWith electric current Imp, acquire the temperature and irradiation level of photovoltaic cell；S2: according to obtained UmpAnd Imp, the open-circuit voltage and short circuit current of actual motion is calculated；S3: being calculated the practical series equivalent resistance of photovoltaic array using photovoltaic array operating parameter, calculates the operating parameter under photovoltaic array normal operating condition using environmental parameter, and calculate with reference to series equivalent resistance Rs0；S4: according to practical series equivalent resistance RsWith reference series equivalent resistance Rs0Between ratio obtain Kr；S5: according to KrSize determine photovoltaic array fault condition.
Description
Technical field
It is a kind of defeated based on photovoltaic array I-U the invention belongs to be related to the invention belongs to solar-energy photo-voltaic cell technical field
The online fault detection method of characteristic expression formula out.
Background technique
Solar energy has good application and development prospect as a kind of clean energy resource, and photovoltaic power generation is current exploitation benefit
With the important channel of solar energy.But the failure of photovoltaic array seriously restricts the development of photovoltaic industry.It is normally transported in photovoltaic array
During row, usually there is hot spot failure in photovoltaic array, has seriously affected the efficiency of photovoltaic system.The failure of photovoltaic array at present
Detection is still that cannot achieve the real-time detection and monitoring for photovoltaic plant by manually checking.Simultaneously as photovoltaic array
Be installed in the adverse circumstances such as high mountain, wilderness more, manual maintenance it is at high cost, and risk is big, is unfavorable for the length of photovoltaic plant
Phase maintenance and operation.Detection technique mainly has following a few classes at present: 1. are based on infrared image analysis method, are that one kind does not need to measure
The method of solar cell module parameter, it is only necessary to battery component be filmed using thermal camera, then utilize calculating
Machine, which carries out image analysis, can be carried out fault diagnosis, mainly pass through fault point with the temperature difference of normal work component to sentence
Not, this detection method real-time and precision are poor, high to the dependence of equipment, are only applicable to study some special occasions；
2. although freely being selected the photovoltaic array failure analysis methods based on CTCT structure can carry out quick analytical calculation to photovoltaic array
Detection accuracy is selected, but this method changes the structure of traditional photovoltaic array, narrow scope of application, and cost performance is very low；3.
Also there is direct scanning voltage, by comparing the voltage between various components, it is believed that the component for deviateing component average level is that have event
The component of barrier, but this method does not consider the influence of the factor of irradiation level and temperature, so the accuracy of differentiation is limited,
It can only carry out simple fault distinguishing.Therefore, the operating status of real-time detection photovoltaic array, fast and effeciently to photovoltaic array into
Row breakdown judge and exclusion are of great significance for the longtime running of photovoltaic array.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of online test methods of photovoltaic array hot spot failure.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure, comprising the following steps:
S1: MPPT technique and multi-sensor fusion technology are utilized, maximum power point voltage U is measuredmpWith electric current Imp, and adopt
Collect the temperature and irradiation level of photovoltaic cell；
S2: according to obtained UmpAnd Imp, the open-circuit voltage U under this actual motion state is calculatedocAnd short circuit current
Isc；
S3: the practical series equivalent of photovoltaic array is calculated using the operating parameter in the I-V output characteristics of photovoltaic array
Resistance Rs, the operating parameter under photovoltaic array normal operating condition is calculated using environmental parameter, under the normal operating condition
Operating parameter includes open-circuit voltage under normal operating condition, short circuit current, maximum power point voltage and maximum power point electric current, and
It calculates and refers to series equivalent resistance Rs0；
S4: according to practical series equivalent resistance RsWith reference series equivalent resistance Rs0Between ratio obtain Kr；
S5: according to KrSize determine photovoltaic array fault condition.
The present invention has comprehensively considered temperature, irradiation level, maximum power point voltage, maximum power point electric current, improves failure
The accuracy of differentiation determines the photovoltaic array component that hot spot failure occurs under photovoltaic array working condition.
Further, in step S3, the I-V output characteristics relational expression of the photovoltaic array:
Wherein I is that photovoltaic cell exports electric current；U is output voltage；RsFor series resistance；IPFor photogenerated current；Q is charge
Constant；IoFor reverse saturation current；A is diode quality factor；IDFor the electric current for flowing through diode；K is Boltzmann constant；T
For photovoltaic battery temperature；N1For photovoltaic array parallel branch number, N2For each branch series arm number of photovoltaic array；UocFor light
Open-circuit voltage under photovoltaic array actual motion state, IscFor the short circuit current under actual motion state.
Further, the open-circuit voltage U in step S2, under the actual motion stateocWith short circuit current IscCalculation formula
Are as follows:
Uoc=Uocref+kuΔT (3)
Wherein UocrefFor photovoltaic array normal conditions open-circuit voltage, IscrefFor photovoltaic array normal conditions short circuit current；ku
For the voltage temperature coefficient of photovoltaic array.
Further, in step S3, the calculation formula of open-circuit voltage and short circuit current under the normal operating condition are as follows:
Uoc0=Uocref+kuΔT (6)
Wherein Uoc0For the open-circuit voltage under normal operating condition, Isc0For the short circuit current under normal operating condition；kiFor
The current temperature coefficient of photovoltaic array；G is the irradiation level of photovoltaic array, GrefFor the reference irradiation level of photovoltaic array.
Further, in step S3, maximum power point voltage and maximum power point electric current under the normal operating condition
Calculation formula are as follows:
Ump0=Umpref+kuΔT (8)
Wherein Ump0For the maximum power point voltage under normal operating condition, Imp0For the maximum power under normal operating condition
Point electric current.
Further, practical series equivalent resistance calculation formula described in step S3 are as follows:
WhereinUmpFor the maximum power point voltage under photovoltaic array actual motion state, ImpFor photovoltaic array
Maximum power point electric current under actual motion state.
Further, series equivalent resistance calculation formula is referred to described in step S3 are as follows:
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the present invention utilizes MPPT technique and multi-sensor fusion technology, measures maximum work
Rate point voltage VmpWith electric current Imp, and the temperature and irradiation level of photovoltaic cell are acquired, the simplification mathematical model based on photovoltaic array obtains
To I-U output characteristics relational expression, the practical series equivalent resistance R of photovoltaic array is calculateds, with reference to series equivalent resistance Rs0With
And the ratio K of the twor, and then determine the photovoltaic array component that hot spot failure occurs.The present invention has comprehensively considered temperature, irradiation
Degree, maximum power point voltage, maximum power point electric current, scheme precisely can quickly be determined when photovoltaic array works online
The component of hot spot failure occurs.
Other advantages, target and feature of the invention will be illustrated in the following description to a certain extent, and
And to a certain extent, based on will be apparent to those skilled in the art to investigating hereafter, Huo Zheke
To be instructed from the practice of the present invention.Target of the invention and other advantages can be realized by following specification and
It obtains.
Detailed description of the invention
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention is made below in conjunction with attached drawing excellent
The detailed description of choosing, in which:
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic cell equivalent-circuit model；
Fig. 2 is the SP structural schematic diagram of photovoltaic array；
Fig. 3 is the Simulink model of photovoltaic array fault detection；
Fig. 4 is photovoltaic array hot spot On-line Fault Detection experimental measurements；
Fig. 5 is photovoltaic array hot spot failure on-line detecting method calculated value；
Fig. 6 is photovoltaic array hot spot failure on-line detecting method process.
Specific embodiment
Illustrate embodiments of the present invention below by way of specific specific example, those skilled in the art can be by this specification
Other advantages and efficacy of the present invention can be easily understood for disclosed content.The present invention can also pass through in addition different specific realities
The mode of applying is embodied or practiced, the various details in this specification can also based on different viewpoints and application, without departing from
Various modifications or alterations are carried out under spirit of the invention.It should be noted that diagram provided in following embodiment is only to show
Meaning mode illustrates basic conception of the invention, and in the absence of conflict, the feature in following embodiment and embodiment can phase
Mutually combination.
Wherein, the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are merely schematic diagrams, rather than pictorial diagram, should not be understood as to this
The limitation of invention；Embodiment in order to better illustrate the present invention, the certain components of attached drawing have omission, zoom in or out, not
Represent the size of actual product；It will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain known features and its explanation may be omitted and be in attached drawing
It is understood that.
The same or similar label correspond to the same or similar components in the attached drawing of the embodiment of the present invention；It is retouched in of the invention
In stating, it is to be understood that if there is the orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as term " on ", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear"
To be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, be merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description, rather than indicate or
It implies that signified device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore is described in attached drawing
The term of positional relationship only for illustration, is not considered as limiting the invention, for the ordinary skill of this field
For personnel, the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term can be understood as the case may be.
As shown in figs 1 to 6, the present invention is directed to the on-line checking of photovoltaic array hot spot failure, proposes and utilizes MPPT technique
And multi-sensor fusion technology, measure maximum power point voltage UmpWith electric current Imp, and acquire the temperature and irradiation of photovoltaic cell
Degree, the simplification mathematical model based on photovoltaic array obtain I-U output characteristics relational expression, the practical series connection of photovoltaic array are calculated
Equivalent resistance Rs, with reference to series equivalent resistance Rs0And the ratio K of the twor, and then determine the photovoltaic array that hot spot failure occurs
The method of this innovation of component.This method has comprehensively considered temperature, irradiation level, maximum power point voltage, maximum power point electric current,
The accuracy for improving fault distinguishing determines the photovoltaic array component that hot spot failure occurs under photovoltaic array working condition.Tool
Steps are as follows for body:
S1: MPPT technique and multi-sensor fusion technology are utilized, maximum power point voltage U is measuredmpWith electric current Imp, and adopt
Collect the temperature and irradiation level of photovoltaic cell；
S2: according to obtained UmpAnd Imp, the open-circuit voltage U under this actual motion state is calculatedocAnd short circuit current
Isc；
S3: the practical series equivalent of photovoltaic array is calculated using the operating parameter in the I-V output characteristics of photovoltaic array
Resistance Rs, the operating parameter under photovoltaic array normal operating condition is calculated using environmental parameter, under the normal operating condition
Operating parameter includes open-circuit voltage under normal operating condition, short circuit current, maximum power point voltage and maximum power point electric current, and
It calculates and refers to series equivalent resistance Rs0；
S4: according to practical series equivalent resistance RsWith reference series equivalent resistance Rs0Between ratio obtain Kr；
S5: according to KrSize determine photovoltaic array fault condition.
Open-circuit voltage U in step S2, under actual motion stateocWith short circuit current IscCalculation formula are as follows:
Uoc=Uocref+kuΔT (1)
Wherein UocrefFor photovoltaic array normal conditions open-circuit voltage, IscrefFor photovoltaic array normal conditions short circuit current；ku
For the voltage temperature coefficient of photovoltaic array.
In step S3, it is based on ideal photovoltaic cell equivalent circuit, finds out photovoltaic array I-V output characteristics expression formula are as follows:
I is that photovoltaic cell exports electric current in formula；U is output voltage；RsFor series resistance；RshFor parallel resistance；IPFor light
Raw electric current；Q is charge coefficient；I0For reverse saturation current；A is diode quality factor, 1 < A < 2；IDTo flow through diode
Electric current；K is Boltzmann constant；T is photovoltaic battery temperature.
Currently, the method that the calculation of equivalent parameters mainly uses five parameter fittings inside photovoltaic array, calculating process
It is relatively complicated, and the precision of iterative initial value there are certain requirements, engineer application is very difficult, in the precision for meeting engine request
Under, the computation model of photovoltaic array equivalent series resistance can be simplified.Formula (3) is for for equivalent parallel resistance Rsh,
Size will have a direct impact on the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic cell, and the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic array is basically unchanged with environmental change, so
Open-circuit voltage is approximately a constant, i.e. photovoltaic cell breaks down or R when environmental parameter changesshSubstantially it will not change,
Again because its resistance value is generally k Ω rank, formula (3) can accordingly be simplified:
Wherein I is that photovoltaic cell exports electric current；U is output voltage；RsFor series resistance；IPFor photogenerated current；Q is charge
Constant；IoFor reverse saturation current；A is diode quality factor；IDFor the electric current for flowing through diode；K is Boltzmann constant；T
For photovoltaic battery temperature；N1For photovoltaic array parallel branch number, N2For each branch series arm number of photovoltaic array；UocFor light
Open-circuit voltage under photovoltaic array actual motion state, IscFor the short circuit current under actual motion state.
The calculation formula of open-circuit voltage and short circuit current under normal operating condition are as follows:
Uoc0=Uocref+kuΔT (7)
Wherein Uoc0For the open-circuit voltage under normal operating condition, Isc0For the short circuit current under normal operating condition；kiFor
The current temperature coefficient of photovoltaic array；G is the irradiation level of photovoltaic array, GrefFor the reference irradiation level of photovoltaic array.
The calculation formula of maximum power point voltage and maximum power point electric current under normal operating condition are as follows:
Ump0=Umpref+kuΔT (9)
Wherein Ump0For the maximum power point voltage under normal operating condition, Imp0For the maximum power under normal operating condition
Point electric current.
According to obtained I-U output characteristics expression formula is simplified, practical series equivalent resistance R is calculatedsWith reference series connection etc.
Imitate resistance Rs0:
WhereinUmpFor the maximum power point voltage under photovoltaic array actual motion state, ImpFor photovoltaic array
Maximum power point electric current under actual motion state；
According to calculated practical equivalent series resistance and equivalent series resistance is referred to, the ratio for obtaining the two is Kr；Root
According to KrThe size of value determines whether photovoltaic array occurs hot spot failure.
Its output voltage and electric current meet (4) formula to photovoltaic array in normal work.According to (4) formula, by collected light
The I-V output relation formula of battery temperature and the available photovoltaic array of irradiation level is lied prostrate, which can be used as the battle array
The standard I-V output relation formula of column.When some component occurs being blocked or short trouble or open circuit fault, where the component
The I-V output characteristics and standard I-V output characteristics of branch there is different degrees of deviation.Here it is fault detection it is basic according to
According to.
According to above-mentioned detection method step, Simulink module builds the detection scheme model in MATLAB, and will be each
Computing module is packaged, as shown in Figure 3.Photovoltaic battle array is carried out using the photovoltaic array that 3 18W/30W photovoltaic cells compose in parallel
The experimental verification of column hot spot failure on-line detecting method.It is S=800W/m that Fig. 4, which is in irradiation level,2, photovoltaic array temperature is 40 DEG C
When, the reality of the photovoltaic array operating parameter directly tested out using the MP-170I-V tester of EKO company (Ji Yinghong company)
It is worth, while carries out the analog case of photovoltaic array hot spot failure in the way of artificially blocking.Fig. 5 is to utilize photovoltaic array hot spot
The photovoltaic array operating parameter that failure on-line detecting method waits until and the malfunction detected.
Finally, it is stated that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical scheme of the present invention and are not limiting, although referring to compared with
Good embodiment describes the invention in detail, those skilled in the art should understand that, it can be to skill of the invention
Art scheme is modified or replaced equivalently, and without departing from the objective and range of the technical program, should all be covered in the present invention
Scope of the claims in.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
S1: MPPT technique and multi-sensor fusion technology are utilized, maximum power point voltage U is measuredmpWith electric current Imp, and acquire photovoltaic
The temperature and irradiation level of battery；
S2: according to obtained UmpAnd Imp, the open-circuit voltage U under this actual motion state is calculatedocWith short circuit current Isc；
S3: the practical series equivalent resistance of photovoltaic array is calculated using the operating parameter in the I-V output characteristics of photovoltaic array
Rs, the operating parameter under photovoltaic array normal operating condition is calculated using environmental parameter, the operation under the normal operating condition
Parameter includes open-circuit voltage under normal operating condition, short circuit current, maximum power point voltage and maximum power point electric current, and is calculated
With reference to series equivalent resistance Rs0；
S4: according to practical series equivalent resistance RsWith reference series equivalent resistance Rs0Between ratio obtain Kr；
S5: according to KrSize determine photovoltaic array fault condition.
The present invention has comprehensively considered temperature, irradiation level, maximum power point voltage, maximum power point electric current, improves fault distinguishing
Accuracy, under photovoltaic array working condition determine occur hot spot failure photovoltaic array component.
2. the online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step S3,
The I-V output characteristics relational expression of the photovoltaic array:
Wherein I is that photovoltaic cell exports electric current；U is output voltage；RsFor series resistance；IPFor photogenerated current；Q is charge coefficient；
IoFor reverse saturation current；A is diode quality factor；IDFor the electric current for flowing through diode；K is Boltzmann constant；T is light
Lie prostrate battery temperature；N1For photovoltaic array parallel branch number, N2For each branch series arm number of photovoltaic array；UocFor photovoltaic battle array
Open-circuit voltage under column actual motion state, IscFor the short circuit current under actual motion state.
3. the online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step S2,
Open-circuit voltage U under the actual motion stateocWith short circuit current IscCalculation formula are as follows:
Uoc=Uocref+kuΔT (3)
Wherein UocrefFor photovoltaic array normal conditions open-circuit voltage, IscrefFor photovoltaic array normal conditions short circuit current；kuFor light
The voltage temperature coefficient of photovoltaic array.
4. the online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step S3,
The calculation formula of open-circuit voltage and short circuit current under the normal operating condition are as follows:
Uoc0=Uocref+kuΔT (6)
Wherein Uoc0For the open-circuit voltage under normal operating condition, Isc0For the short circuit current under normal operating condition；kiFor photovoltaic battle array
The current temperature coefficient of column；G is the irradiation level of photovoltaic array, GrefFor the reference irradiation level of photovoltaic array.
5. the online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step S3,
The calculation formula of maximum power point voltage and maximum power point electric current under the normal operating condition are as follows:
Ump0=Umpref+kuΔT (8)
Wherein Ump0For the maximum power point voltage under normal operating condition, Imp0For the maximum power point electricity under normal operating condition
Stream.
6. the online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute in step S3
State practical series equivalent resistance calculation formula are as follows:
WhereinUmpFor the maximum power point voltage under photovoltaic array actual motion state, ImpFor the practical fortune of photovoltaic array
Maximum power point electric current under row state.
7. the online test method of photovoltaic array hot spot failure according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: institute in step S3
It states with reference to series equivalent resistance calculation formula are as follows:
。
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| CN110601256A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-12-20 | 山东汇智信息科技有限责任公司 | Power flow control method |
| CN112688640A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-04-20 | 国网山东省电力公司郓城县供电公司 | Solar cell module hot spot fault detection and analysis system and method |
| CN113708726A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-11-26 | 贵州理工学院 | Photovoltaic array fault discrimination method based on real-time calculation and comparison of photovoltaic module voltage |
| CN113872526A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-31 | 贵州理工学院 | Photovoltaic array fault diagnosis method based on minimum mismatching fault current prediction |
| CN116366004A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-06-30 | 国家电投集团云南国际电力投资有限公司 | Fault detection method, device and equipment of photovoltaic power generation system and storage medium |
| CN117235617A (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2023-12-15 | 兰州理工大学 | ML-RFKNN-based photovoltaic array fault diagnosis method in sand and dust weather |
| WO2024065211A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-04 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic array test method and system |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110601256A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2019-12-20 | 山东汇智信息科技有限责任公司 | Power flow control method |
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| CN113872526A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2021-12-31 | 贵州理工学院 | Photovoltaic array fault diagnosis method based on minimum mismatching fault current prediction |
| WO2024065211A1 (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-04-04 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Photovoltaic array test method and system |
| CN116366004A (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-06-30 | 国家电投集团云南国际电力投资有限公司 | Fault detection method, device and equipment of photovoltaic power generation system and storage medium |
| CN116366004B (en) * | 2023-05-30 | 2023-09-15 | 国家电投集团云南国际电力投资有限公司 | Fault detection method, device and equipment of photovoltaic power generation system and storage medium |
| CN117235617A (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2023-12-15 | 兰州理工大学 | ML-RFKNN-based photovoltaic array fault diagnosis method in sand and dust weather |
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Application publication date: 20190625 |