CN116366004A - Fault detection method, device and equipment of photovoltaic power generation system and storage medium - Google Patents
Fault detection method, device and equipment of photovoltaic power generation system and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fault detection method, device, equipment and storage medium of a photovoltaic power generation system, wherein the method comprises the steps of obtaining direct current rectification ratios of a photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset duration, and calculating first standard deviations of all the direct current rectification ratios; generating first coordinate points by taking a first preset duration as a first abscissa and taking each first standard deviation as a first ordinate, and outputting each first coordinate point in a first right-angle coordinate system; sequentially connecting each first coordinate point to form a first curve; judging whether a first change value of the current first slope of the first curve compared with the previous first slope exceeds a first preset threshold value or not at intervals of a second preset duration; if yes, judging whether the duration of the first variation value exceeds a second preset threshold value; if yes, judging that the photovoltaic array fails. According to the photovoltaic array fault detection method and device, the rectification ratio can be influenced at the initial stage of the problem of the electronic element, so that whether the photovoltaic array has initial faults or not is judged, and the photovoltaic array fault detection method and device are convenient for workers to overhaul and maintain in time.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of new energy technologies, and in particular, to a method, an apparatus, a device, and a storage medium for detecting a fault of a photovoltaic power generation system.
Background
The main principle of photovoltaic power generation is the photoelectric effect of semiconductors. When photons irradiate on metal, the energy of the photons can be absorbed by a certain electron in the metal, the energy absorbed by the electron is large enough to overcome the coulomb force in the metal atom to do work, and the photons escape from the surface of the metal to become photoelectrons. Silicon atoms have 4 outer electrons, and if pure silicon is doped with atoms of 5 outer electrons such as phosphorus atoms, the silicon atoms become N-type semiconductors; if atoms of 3 outer electrons, such as boron atoms, are incorporated into pure silicon, a P-type semiconductor is formed. When the P type and the N type are combined together, the contact surface forms a potential difference to become a solar cell. When the solar light irradiates the P-N junction, current flows from the P-type side to the N-type side to form current.
Photovoltaic power generation has the advantage of pollution-free noiseless high safety through converting solar energy into electric energy, but because the energy distribution density of solar irradiation is little, in order to guarantee that generated energy often needs a plurality of photovoltaic arrays to carry out reasonable arrangement in great open area, and photovoltaic array's unit conversion rate is low, in order to reach certain output demand, needs to pile up photovoltaic array's quantity. With the increase of the number of the photovoltaic arrays, the probability of faults of the whole power generation system also increases, especially when the electronic components (such as diodes and the like) are aged, damaged or short-circuited or disconnected or reversely connected in the component strings of the photovoltaic arrays, the current component strings and the inverters connected with the current component strings are only influenced, and especially the component strings or the inverters are not abnormal or damaged within a certain time when the electronic components tend to be aged or damaged initially, but workers can find the problems in a mode of abnormal data or abnormal appearance at the rear end after the electronic components are fully aged or damaged completely.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a fault detection method, device and equipment of a photovoltaic power generation system and a storage medium, so as to solve the problems of low efficiency and hysteresis of the troubleshooting of the photovoltaic power generation in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a fault detection method for a photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic power generation system comprising at least one photovoltaic array, the fault detection method comprising:
obtaining the direct current rectification ratio of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset time length, and calculating a first standard deviation of all the direct current rectification ratios;
generating first coordinate points by taking the first preset duration as a first abscissa and taking each first standard deviation as a first ordinate, and outputting each first coordinate point in a first right-angle coordinate system;
sequentially connecting each first coordinate point to form a first curve;
judging whether a first change value of the current first slope of the first curve compared with the previous first slope exceeds a first preset threshold value or not at intervals of a second preset duration;
if yes, judging whether the duration of the first change value exceeds a second preset threshold value;
if yes, judging that the photovoltaic array fails.
As a further improvement of the present application, obtaining the dc rectification ratio of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset duration, and calculating a first standard deviation of all the dc rectification ratios, including:
establishing an equivalent theoretical circuit model according to the photovoltaic array;
calculating the reverse saturation current of the equivalent theoretical circuit model according to the formula (1)
：
wherein ,
for the series resistance value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, < >>
Parallel resistance value for the equivalent theoretical circuit model, +.>
For the output current value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, < >>
For the output voltage value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, < >>
A photo-generated current value for the equivalent theoretical circuit model,/->
Is of constant charge>
Management of ideal coefficients for the diodes; />
Is the boltzmann constant; />
An average temperature of the photovoltaic array;
according to the reverse saturation current
And (2) calculating the forward direct current resistance of the equivalent theoretical circuit model
：
wherein ,
an output voltage value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model is used as a first forward voltage in the formula (2); />
An output current value which is the equivalent theoretical circuit model and is used as a forward current in the formula (2);
acquiring a first reverse voltage and a first reverse current of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, and according to the reverse saturation current
And formula (3) calculating the reverse DC resistance of the equivalent theoretical circuit model +.>
：
According to the forward DC resistance
And the reverse direct current resistance +.>
Calculating to obtain the direct current rectification ratio:
as a further improvement of the present application, the photovoltaic power generation system further includes at least one photovoltaic inverter circuit, and the steps of obtaining the dc rectification ratio of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset duration, calculating a first standard deviation of all the dc rectification ratios, and then include:
acquiring alternating current rectification ratios of the photovoltaic inverter circuit at intervals of a third preset time period, and calculating second standard deviations of all the alternating current rectification ratios;
generating a second coordinate point by taking the third preset duration as a second abscissa and taking each second standard deviation as a second ordinate, and outputting each second coordinate point in a second rectangular coordinate system;
sequentially connecting each second coordinate point to form a second curve;
judging whether a second change value of the current second slope of the second curve compared with the previous second slope exceeds a third preset threshold value or not at intervals of a fourth preset duration;
if yes, judging whether the duration of the second variation value exceeds a fourth preset threshold value;
if yes, judging that the photovoltaic inverter circuit has faults.
As a further improvement of the present application, obtaining the ac rectification ratio of the photovoltaic inverter circuit at intervals of a third preset duration, and calculating a second standard deviation of all the ac rectification ratios, including:
obtaining a second forward voltage and a second forward current of the photovoltaic inverter circuit, and according to the reverse saturation current
And (5) calculating the forward alternating current resistance of the photovoltaic inverter circuit>
：
wherein ,
for said second forward voltage, +.>
For the second forward current;
obtaining a second reverse voltage and a second reverse current of the photovoltaic inverter circuit, and according to the reverse saturation current
(6)Calculating the reverse alternating current resistance of the photovoltaic inverter circuit>
：
wherein ,
for the second reverse voltage, +.>
For the second reverse current;
according to the forward AC resistance
A resistance +.>
Calculating to obtain the alternating current rectification ratio:
as a further improvement of the present application, each photovoltaic array comprises at least one string of photovoltaic modules, which is determined to be malfunctioning, after which it comprises:
respectively acquiring first real-time output voltages of each photovoltaic array, and respectively judging whether each first real-time output voltage is lower than a first preset voltage value;
if yes, marking the photovoltaic array lower than the first preset voltage value as an abnormal array;
respectively judging the running state of each photovoltaic module string according to a preset strategy;
if the operation state is short circuit or open circuit, marking the photovoltaic module string with the operation state of short circuit or open circuit as an abnormal module string;
and sending the identification information of the abnormal component string to an external receiving end and closing the abnormal component string.
As a further improvement of the present application, determining an operation state of each photovoltaic module string according to a preset policy includes:
respectively acquiring real-time sub-voltage and real-time sub-current of each photovoltaic module string, and judging whether the real-time sub-voltage is lower than a first preset interval or not;
if yes, judging whether the real-time sub-current is higher than a second preset interval;
if yes, judging that the running state is short circuit.
As a further improvement of the present application, the method for determining the operation state of each photovoltaic module string according to the preset policy includes:
judging whether the real-time sub-voltage is larger than or equal to a second preset voltage value;
if yes, judging whether the real-time sub-current is zero;
if yes, judging that the running state is open circuit.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention further provides the following technical solutions:
a fault detection device of a photovoltaic power generation system, the fault detection device of a photovoltaic power generation system being applied to the fault detection method of a photovoltaic power generation system as described above, the fault detection device comprising:
the first standard deviation calculation module is used for obtaining the direct current rectification ratio of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset time length and calculating the first standard deviation of all the direct current rectification ratios;
the first coordinate system modeling module is used for generating first coordinate points by taking the first preset duration as a first abscissa, taking each first standard deviation as a first ordinate and outputting each first coordinate point in a first right-angle coordinate system;
the first coordinate system operation module is used for sequentially connecting each first coordinate point to form a first curve;
the first curve slope calculation module is used for judging whether a first change value of the current first slope of the first curve compared with the previous first slope exceeds a first preset threshold value or not at intervals of a second preset duration;
the first change value judging module is used for judging whether the duration of the first change value exceeds a second preset threshold value or not if the first change value of the current first slope compared with the first change value of the last first slope exceeds the first preset threshold value;
and the first fault judging module is used for judging that the photovoltaic array breaks down if the duration of the first change value exceeds a second preset threshold value.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention further provides the following technical solutions:
an electronic device comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing program instructions executable by the processor; and the processor executes the program instructions stored in the memory to realize the fault detection method of the photovoltaic power generation system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention further provides the following technical solutions:
a storage medium having stored therein program instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement a fault detection method capable of implementing a photovoltaic power generation system as described above.
According to the method, a plurality of direct current rectification ratios of the photovoltaic array are obtained through interval preset time length, a mathematical model is built according to standard deviation of all the direct current rectification ratios, state changes (such as aging, damage and circuit short circuit open circuit of electronic elements) of the photovoltaic array can be obtained through judging slope changes of the mathematical model, and the state changes are judged to be faults after lasting for a certain time length, so that misjudgment caused by short-time illumination changes (such as cloud layer movement and the like) is avoided. According to the photovoltaic power generation system, whether the initial failure occurs or not is judged through the characteristic that the rectification ratio can be influenced at the initial stage when the electronic element is in a problem, so that workers can conveniently overhaul and maintain the photovoltaic power generation system in time, the situation that the electronic element is completely aged or damaged to cause abnormal data of the rear end or obvious failures such as abnormal appearance of the photovoltaic power generation system influence other electronic elements is avoided, and then overhaul is performed, so that the service lives of the photovoltaic power generation system and the whole photovoltaic power generation system are guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of steps in a process of an embodiment of a method for detecting faults in a photovoltaic power generation system according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent theoretical circuit model provided by one embodiment of a fault detection method for a photovoltaic power generation system of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a photovoltaic inverter circuit provided by an embodiment of a fault detection method for a photovoltaic power generation system of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of functional modules of an embodiment of a fault detection device of the photovoltaic power generation system of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of an electronic device of the present application;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of one embodiment of a storage medium of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
The terms "first," "second," "third," and the like in this application are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "first," "second," and "third" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise. All directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back … …) in the embodiments of the present application are merely used to explain the relative positional relationship, movement, etc. between the components in a particular gesture (as shown in the drawings), and if the particular gesture changes, the directional indication changes accordingly. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearances of such phrases in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Those of skill in the art will explicitly and implicitly appreciate that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
Noun interpretation:
(1) reverse saturation current: when a reverse bias voltage is applied to the PN junction, the applied voltage widens the depletion layer of the PN junction, the junction electric field (i.e., the built-in electric field) becomes larger, the potential energy of electrons increases, majority carriers in the P region and N region (multi-dimensional holes in the P region, multi-electrons in the N region) are hard to cross the potential barrier, so that the diffusion current approaches zero, but due to the increase of the junction electric field, minority carriers in the N region and the P region are more prone to drift motion, so that in this case, the current in the PN junction is determined by the dominant drift current. The direction of the drift current is opposite to that of the diffusion current, and a reverse current flowing into the N region is shown on the external circuit, which is formed by the drift movement of minority carriers. Since minority carriers are generated by intrinsic excitation, the number of minority carriers generated by thermal excitation is constant at a constant temperature, and the current tends to be constant.
(2) Rectification ratio: refers to the ratio of the resistance of the diode at reverse voltage to the resistance at forward voltage.
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides an embodiment of a fault detection method of a photovoltaic power generation system, in which the photovoltaic power generation system includes at least one photovoltaic array, the fault detection method includes the steps of:
step S1, obtaining the direct current rectification ratio of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset time length, and calculating a first standard deviation of all the direct current rectification ratios.
And S2, generating first coordinate points by taking a first preset duration as a first abscissa and taking each first standard deviation as a first ordinate, and outputting each first coordinate point in a first right-angle coordinate system.
And S3, sequentially connecting each first coordinate point to form a first curve.
Step S4, judging whether the first change value of the current first slope of the first curve compared with the previous first slope exceeds a first preset threshold value or not at intervals of a second preset duration, and executing step S5 if the first change value of the current first slope of the first curve compared with the previous first slope exceeds the first preset threshold value.
And S5, judging whether the duration of the first change value exceeds a second preset threshold, and if the duration of the first change value exceeds the second preset threshold, executing the step S6.
And S6, judging that the photovoltaic array fails.
It should be noted that, in the actual use process, under the condition of uniform illumination, the direct current rectification ratios of all the photovoltaic arrays in normal operation should be approximately equal to each other, that is, the value of the first standard deviation should be a smaller value.
Further, step S1 includes the steps of:
and S11, establishing an equivalent theoretical circuit model according to the photovoltaic array.
In particular, referring to FIG. 2, the equivalent theoretical circuit model includes photo-generated current equivalent to a photovoltaic array
Reverse saturation current->
Series resistance->
Parallel resistor->
。
The positive end of the photo-generated current is connected with the series resistor in series, and the reverse saturation current and the parallel resistor are respectively connected with the photo-generated current in parallel. It can be understood that the photo-generated current is the current generated by converting solar energy into electric energy by the photovoltaic panel of the photovoltaic array, and the reverse saturation current, the series resistance and the parallel resistance are respectively equivalent inherent properties of the photovoltaic array, and the reverse saturation current belongs to the dark current of the photovoltaic array.
Step S12, calculating the reverse saturation current of the equivalent theoretical circuit model according to the formula (1)
：
wherein ,
series resistance value of equivalent theoretical circuit model, < ->
Parallel resistance value of equivalent theoretical circuit model, < ->
Output current value of equivalent theoretical circuit model, +.>
For the output voltage value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, < ->
Photo-generated current value of equivalent theoretical circuit model, < ->
Is of constant charge>
Management of ideal coefficients for the diodes; />
Is the boltzmann constant;
is the average temperature of the photovoltaic array.
In particular, the method comprises the steps of,
the value of +.>
，/>
The value of +.>
。
Preferably, the formula (1) can be transformed to obtain the formula
) To facilitate calculation of +.>
：
Step S13, according to the reverse saturation current
And (2) calculating the forward direct current resistance of the equivalent theoretical circuit model
：
wherein ,
the output voltage value is the equivalent theoretical circuit model and is used as the first forward voltage in the formula (2); />
The output current value is equivalent to the theoretical circuit model, and is used as the forward current in the formula (2).
Step S14, obtaining a first reverse voltage and a first reverse current of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, and according to the reverse saturation current
And (3) calculating the inverse direct current resistance of the equivalent theoretical circuit model +.>
：
Preferably, the first reverse voltage and the first reverse current can be obtained by measuring a photovoltaic matrix, and the obtaining manner can be obtained by directly detecting through various detecting instruments in the prior art, such as a universal meter, a hall sensor, and the like.
Step S15, according to the forward DC resistance
And reverse direct current resistance->
Calculating to obtain a direct current rectification ratio:
further, the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises at least one photovoltaic inverter circuit, and the following steps are further included after the step S1:
and S10, acquiring the alternating current rectification ratio of the photovoltaic inverter circuit at intervals of a third preset time period, and calculating a second standard deviation of all the alternating current rectification ratios.
And S20, generating second coordinate points by taking a third preset time length as a second abscissa and taking each second standard deviation as a second ordinate, and outputting each second coordinate point in a second rectangular coordinate system.
Step S30, each second coordinate point is connected in sequence to form a second curve.
Step S40, judging whether a second change value of the current second slope of the second curve compared with the previous second slope exceeds a third preset threshold value or not at intervals of a fourth preset duration; if the second change value of the current second slope compared with the previous second slope exceeds the third preset threshold, step S50 is performed.
Step S50, judging whether the duration of the second variation value exceeds a fourth preset threshold value; if the duration of the second variation value exceeds the fourth preset threshold, step S60 is performed.
And step S60, judging that the photovoltaic inverter circuit fails.
Specifically, referring to fig. 3, the photovoltaic inverter circuit includes a high frequency transformer with at least two outputs connected in series.
Further, step S20 includes the steps of:
step S201, obtaining a second forward voltage and a second forward current of the photovoltaic inverter circuit, and according to the reverse saturation current
And (5) calculating the forward alternating current resistance of the photovoltaic inverter circuit>
：
wherein ,
for a second forward voltage, ">
Is the second forward current.
Step S202, obtaining a second reverse voltage and a second reverse current of the photovoltaic inverter circuit, and according to the reverse saturation current
And (6) calculating the reverse alternating current resistance of the photovoltaic inverter circuit>
：
wherein ,
for a second reverse voltage, +.>
Is the second reverse current.
Step S203, according to the forward AC resistor
And reverse AC resistance->
Calculating to obtain an alternating current rectification ratio:
further, each photovoltaic array includes at least one photovoltaic module string, and step S60 includes the steps of:
step S100, respectively obtaining first real-time output voltages of each photovoltaic array, and respectively judging whether each first real-time output voltage is lower than a first preset voltage value; if the first real-time output voltage is lower than the first preset voltage value, step S200 is performed.
Step S200, marking the photovoltaic array lower than the first preset voltage value as an abnormal array.
Step S300, respectively judging the running state of each photovoltaic module string according to a preset strategy; if the operation state is short or open, step S400 is performed.
Step S400, marking the photovoltaic module string with the operation state of short circuit or open circuit as an abnormal module string.
Step S500, the identification information of the abnormal component string is sent to an external receiving end and the abnormal component string is closed.
Further, step S300 includes the steps of:
step S3001, respectively obtaining real-time sub-voltage and real-time sub-current of each photovoltaic module string, and judging whether the real-time sub-voltage is lower than a first preset interval; if the real-time sub-voltage is lower than the first preset interval, step S3002 is performed.
Step S3002, judging whether the real-time sub-current is higher than a second preset interval; if the real-time sub-current is higher than the second preset interval, step S3003 is executed.
In step S3003, it is determined that the operation state is a short circuit.
Further, the step S300 further includes the steps of:
step S3004, judging whether the real-time sub-voltage is larger than or equal to a second preset voltage value; if the real-time sub-voltage is greater than or equal to the second preset voltage value, step S3005 is performed.
Step S3005, judging whether the real-time sub-current is zero; if the real-time sub-current is zero, step S3006 is performed.
In step S3006, it is determined that the operation state is open.
Preferably, the first preset duration, the second preset duration, the third preset duration and the fourth preset duration can be set to different time lengths according to actual needs, or can be set to the same time length, for example
Or->
。
Preferably, the first preset threshold and the third preset threshold are thresholds reflecting the variation amplitude of the first slope and the second slope, wherein the first slope is used for reflecting the first standard deviation, in the actual use process, the first slope should be continuously zero under the condition that the illumination of the photovoltaic array is uniform and continuous, if the slope is not zero, the fact that the direct current rectification ratio of a certain photovoltaic array fluctuates is indicated, and if the fluctuation is not eliminated for a certain duration, the problem can be determined to occur to the electronic element of the photovoltaic array; the second slope is used for reflecting the second standard deviation, and in the actual use process, the second slope of the inverter circuit which operates normally should be continuously zero, if the slope is not zero, the alternating current rectification ratio of a certain inverter circuit is indicated to fluctuate, and if the fluctuation is not eliminated for a certain period of time, the electronic element of the inverter circuit can be determined to have a problem.
Preferably, the transverse axis of the first rectangular coordinate system may
Or->
As a scale; since the first standard deviation and the second standard deviation are both smaller values, it is possible to +.>
To->
The value between them serves as a scale.
It should be noted that the examples of the present embodiment are only for illustrating the principle of the steps, and the data related thereto are not intended to limit the present embodiment, and the first variation value and the second variation value may be different from the data illustrated in the examples in actual use.
Further description: in the embodiment, the preset time periods are short, and the numerical values of the first change value and the second change value may not be obviously reflected, in the actual use process, the operation cost can be reduced by increasing each preset time period according to actual needs, and each preset time period can also be shortened to improve the regulation precision, and the preset time periods in the embodiment are only used for illustrating the principle and are not used for limiting each preset time period.
As shown in fig. 4, the present application further provides a fault detection device of a photovoltaic power generation system, where in this embodiment, the fault detection device of a photovoltaic power generation system is applied to the fault detection method of a photovoltaic power generation system of the foregoing embodiment, and the fault detection device includes a first standard deviation calculation module 1, a first coordinate system modeling module 2, a first coordinate system calculation module 3, a first curve slope calculation module 4, a first change value judgment module 5, and a first fault judgment module 6 that are electrically connected to each other.
The first standard deviation calculation module 1 is used for obtaining the direct current rectification ratio of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset duration and calculating the first standard deviation of all the direct current rectification ratios; the first coordinate system modeling module 2 is configured to generate first coordinate points with a first preset duration as a first abscissa and each first standard deviation as a first ordinate, and output each first coordinate point in a first right-angle coordinate system; the first coordinate system operation module 3 is used for sequentially connecting each first coordinate point to form a first curve; the first curve slope calculation module 4 is configured to determine, for a second preset time period, whether a first change value of a current first slope of the first curve compared with a previous first slope exceeds a first preset threshold; the first change value judging module 5 is configured to judge whether the duration of the first change value exceeds a second preset threshold value if the first change value of the current first slope compared with the previous first slope exceeds the first preset threshold value; the first failure determination module 6 is configured to determine that the photovoltaic array fails if the duration of the first variation value exceeds a second preset threshold.
Further, the first standard deviation calculation module comprises a first calculation sub-module, a second calculation sub-module, a third calculation sub-module, a fourth calculation sub-module and a fifth calculation sub-module which are electrically connected with each other.
The first calculation submodule is used for establishing an equivalent theoretical circuit model according to the photovoltaic array.
The second calculation submodule is used for calculating according to the formula(1) Calculating reverse saturation current of equivalent theoretical circuit model
：
wherein ,
series resistance value of equivalent theoretical circuit model, < ->
Parallel resistance value of equivalent theoretical circuit model, < ->
Output current value of equivalent theoretical circuit model, +.>
For the output voltage value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, < ->
Photo-generated current value of equivalent theoretical circuit model, < ->
Is of constant charge>
Management of ideal coefficients for the diodes; />
Is the boltzmann constant;
is the average temperature of the photovoltaic array.
The third calculation sub-module is used for calculating the current according to the reverse saturation current
And (2) calculating an equivalent theoretical circuit modelForward DC resistance->
：
wherein ,
the output voltage value is the equivalent theoretical circuit model and is used as the first forward voltage in the formula (2); />
The output current value is equivalent to the theoretical circuit model, and is used as the forward current in the formula (2).
The fourth calculation submodule is used for obtaining the first reverse voltage and the first reverse current of the equivalent theoretical circuit model and according to the reverse saturation current
And (3) calculating the inverse direct current resistance of the equivalent theoretical circuit model +.>
：
A fifth calculation submodule for calculating a DC resistance according to the forward direction
And reverse direct current resistance->
Calculating to obtain a direct current rectification ratio:
further, the fault detection device further comprises a second standard deviation calculation module, a second coordinate system modeling module, a second coordinate system operation module, a second curve slope calculation module, a second change value judgment module and a second fault judgment module which are electrically connected with each other.
The second standard deviation calculation module is used for obtaining the alternating current rectification ratio of the photovoltaic inverter circuit at intervals of a third preset time length and calculating second standard deviations of all the alternating current rectification ratios; the second coordinate system modeling module is used for generating second coordinate points by taking a third preset time length as a second abscissa and taking each second standard deviation as a second ordinate, and outputting each second coordinate point in a second rectangular coordinate system; the second coordinate system operation module is used for sequentially connecting each second coordinate point to form a second curve; the second curve slope calculation module is used for judging whether a second change value of the current second slope of the second curve compared with the previous second slope exceeds a third preset threshold value or not at intervals of a fourth preset duration; the second change value judging module is used for judging whether the duration of the second change value exceeds a fourth preset threshold value if the second change value of the current second slope compared with the second change value of the last second slope exceeds the third preset threshold value; and the second fault judging module is used for judging that the photovoltaic inverter circuit generates a fault if the duration of the second variation value exceeds a fourth preset threshold value.
Further, the second standard deviation calculation module comprises a sixth calculation sub-module, a seventh calculation sub-module and an eighth calculation sub-module which are electrically connected with each other.
The sixth calculation submodule is used for acquiring a second forward voltage and a second forward current of the photovoltaic inverter circuit and according to the reverse saturation current
And (5) calculating the forward alternating current resistance of the photovoltaic inverter circuit>
：
wherein ,
for a second forward voltage, ">
Is the second forward current.
The seventh calculation submodule is used for acquiring a second reverse voltage and a second reverse current of the photovoltaic inverter circuit and according to the reverse saturation current
And (6) calculating the reverse alternating current resistance of the photovoltaic inverter circuit>
：
wherein ,
for a second reverse voltage, +.>
Is the second reverse current.
An eighth calculation submodule for calculating the resistance according to the forward alternating current
And reverse AC resistance->
Calculating to obtain an alternating current rectification ratio:
further, the second fault judging module comprises a first judging sub-module, a second judging sub-module, a third judging sub-module, a fourth judging sub-module and a fifth judging sub-module which are connected with each other in a point mode.
The first judging submodule is used for respectively acquiring first real-time output voltages of each photovoltaic array and respectively judging whether each first real-time output voltage is lower than a first preset voltage value or not; the second judging submodule is used for judging whether the first real-time output voltage is lower than a first preset voltage value or not; the third judging submodule is used for marking the photovoltaic array lower than the first preset voltage value as an abnormal array; the fourth judging submodule is used for judging the running state of each photovoltaic module string according to a preset strategy; if the operation state is short circuit or open circuit, marking the photovoltaic module string with the operation state of short circuit or open circuit as an abnormal module string; the fifth judging submodule is used for sending the identification information of the abnormal component string to an external receiving end and closing the abnormal component string.
Further, the fourth judging sub-module further comprises a first photovoltaic module string judging unit, a second photovoltaic module string judging unit and a third photovoltaic module string judging unit which are electrically connected with each other.
The first photovoltaic module string judging unit is used for respectively acquiring real-time sub-voltage and real-time sub-current of each photovoltaic module string and judging whether the real-time sub-voltage is lower than a first preset interval or not; the second photovoltaic module string judging unit is used for judging whether the real-time sub-current is higher than a second preset interval or not if the real-time sub-voltage is lower than the first preset interval; and the third photovoltaic module string judging unit is used for judging that the running state is short circuit if the real-time sub-current is higher than the second preset interval.
Further, the fourth judging sub-module further comprises a fourth photovoltaic module string judging unit, a fifth photovoltaic module string judging unit and a sixth photovoltaic module string judging unit which are electrically connected with each other.
The fourth photovoltaic module string judging unit is used for judging whether the real-time sub-voltage is larger than or equal to a second preset voltage value or not; the fifth photovoltaic module string judging unit is used for judging whether the real-time sub-current is zero or not if the real-time sub-voltage is larger than or equal to a second preset voltage value; and the sixth photovoltaic module string judging unit is used for judging that the running state is open-circuit if the real-time sub-current is zero.
According to the embodiment, a plurality of direct current rectification ratios of the photovoltaic array and a plurality of alternating current rectification ratios of the inverter circuit are obtained through interval preset time length, a mathematical model is built according to standard deviation of all the direct current rectification ratios and standard difference of all the alternating current rectification ratios, state changes (such as aging of electronic elements, damage, short circuit disconnection and the like) of the photovoltaic array and the inverter circuit can be known through judging slope changes of the mathematical model, and faults are judged after the state changes last for a certain time length, so that misjudgment caused by short-time illumination changes (such as cloud layer movement and the like) is avoided. According to the photovoltaic power generation system, whether the initial failure occurs to the photovoltaic array is judged by the characteristic that the rectification ratio can be influenced at the initial stage when the electronic element is in a problem, so that the photovoltaic power generation system is convenient for workers to overhaul and maintain in time, and the situation that the data of the rear end are abnormal or the appearance of the photovoltaic array is abnormal due to complete aging or damage of the electronic element is avoided.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, the electronic device 7 includes a processor 71 and a memory 72 coupled to the processor 71.
The memory 72 stores program instructions for implementing the fault detection method of the photovoltaic power generation system of any of the embodiments described above.
The processor 71 is configured to execute program instructions stored in the memory 72 for fault detection of the photovoltaic power generation system.
The processor 71 may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit ). The processor 71 may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. Processor 71 may also be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
Further, fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a storage medium according to an embodiment of the present application, and referring to fig. 6, the storage medium 8 according to an embodiment of the present application stores a program instruction 81 capable of implementing all the methods described above, where the program instruction 81 may be stored in the storage medium in the form of a software product, and includes several instructions for making a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) or a processor (processor) execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a random access Memory (RAM, random Access Memory), a magnetic disk, an optical disk, or other various media capable of storing program codes, or a terminal device such as a computer, a server, a mobile phone, a tablet, or the like.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods may be implemented in other manners. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative, e.g., the division of elements is merely a logical functional division, and there may be additional divisions of actual implementation, e.g., multiple elements or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be an indirect coupling or communication connection via some interfaces, devices or units, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units may be integrated in one unit. The integrated units may be implemented in hardware or in software functional units. The foregoing is only the embodiments of the present application, and is not intended to limit the scope of the patent application, and all equivalent structures or equivalent processes using the contents of the specification and drawings of the present application or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields are included in the scope of the patent protection of the present application.
The embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, but they are merely examples, and the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any equivalent modifications or substitutions to this invention are within the scope of the invention, and therefore, all equivalent changes and modifications, improvements, etc. that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the principles of the invention are intended to be covered by this invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method of fault detection for a photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic power generation system comprising at least one photovoltaic array, the method comprising:
obtaining the direct current rectification ratio of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset time length, and calculating a first standard deviation of all the direct current rectification ratios;
generating first coordinate points by taking the first preset duration as a first abscissa and taking each first standard deviation as a first ordinate, and outputting each first coordinate point in a first right-angle coordinate system;
sequentially connecting each first coordinate point to form a first curve;
judging whether a first change value of the current first slope of the first curve compared with the previous first slope exceeds a first preset threshold value or not at intervals of a second preset duration;
if yes, judging whether the duration of the first change value exceeds a second preset threshold value;
if yes, judging that the photovoltaic array fails.
2. The method for detecting a fault in a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 1, wherein obtaining the dc rectification ratios of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset duration and calculating a first standard deviation of all the dc rectification ratios comprises:
establishing an equivalent theoretical circuit model according to the photovoltaic array;
calculating the reverse saturation current of the equivalent theoretical circuit model according to the formula (1)
：
wherein ,
for the series resistance value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, < >>
Parallel resistance value for the equivalent theoretical circuit model, +.>
For the output current value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, < >>
For the output voltage value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, < >>
A photo-generated current value for the equivalent theoretical circuit model,/->
Is of constant charge>
Management of ideal coefficients for the diodes; />
Is the boltzmann constant; />
An average temperature of the photovoltaic array;
according to the reverse saturation current
And formula (2) calculating the equivalent theoryForward DC resistance of circuit model>
：
wherein ,
an output voltage value of the equivalent theoretical circuit model is used as a first forward voltage in the formula (2); />
An output current value which is the equivalent theoretical circuit model and is used as a forward current in the formula (2);
acquiring a first reverse voltage and a first reverse current of the equivalent theoretical circuit model, and according to the reverse saturation current
And formula (3) calculating the reverse DC resistance of the equivalent theoretical circuit model +.>
：
According to the forward DC resistance
And the reverse direct current resistance +.>
Calculating to obtain the direct current rectification ratio:
3. the fault detection method according to claim 2, wherein the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises at least one photovoltaic inverter circuit, and wherein obtaining the dc rectification ratios of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset duration and calculating a first standard deviation of all the dc rectification ratios, comprises:
acquiring alternating current rectification ratios of the photovoltaic inverter circuit at intervals of a third preset time period, and calculating second standard deviations of all the alternating current rectification ratios;
generating a second coordinate point by taking the third preset duration as a second abscissa and taking each second standard deviation as a second ordinate, and outputting each second coordinate point in a second rectangular coordinate system;
sequentially connecting each second coordinate point to form a second curve;
judging whether a second change value of the current second slope of the second curve compared with the previous second slope exceeds a third preset threshold value or not at intervals of a fourth preset duration;
if yes, judging whether the duration of the second variation value exceeds a fourth preset threshold value;
if yes, judging that the photovoltaic inverter circuit has faults.
4. The method for detecting a fault in a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 3, wherein obtaining ac rectification ratios of the photovoltaic inverter circuit at intervals of a third preset time period and calculating second standard deviations of all ac rectification ratios includes:
obtaining a second forward voltage and a second forward current of the photovoltaic inverter circuit, and according to the reverse saturation current
And (5) calculating the forward alternating current resistance of the photovoltaic inverter circuit>
：
wherein ,
for said second forward voltage, +.>
For the second forward current;
obtaining a second reverse voltage and a second reverse current of the photovoltaic inverter circuit, and according to the reverse saturation current
And (6) calculating the reverse alternating current resistance of the photovoltaic inverter circuit>
：
wherein ,
for the second reverse voltage, +.>
For the second reverse current;
according to the forward AC resistance
A resistance +.>
Calculating to obtain the alternating current rectification ratio:
5. the method of claim 1, wherein each photovoltaic array comprises at least one string of photovoltaic modules, wherein determining that the photovoltaic array is malfunctioning, after which comprises:
respectively acquiring first real-time output voltages of each photovoltaic array, and respectively judging whether each first real-time output voltage is lower than a first preset voltage value;
if yes, marking the photovoltaic array lower than the first preset voltage value as an abnormal array;
respectively judging the running state of each photovoltaic module string according to a preset strategy;
if the operation state is short circuit or open circuit, marking the photovoltaic module string with the operation state of short circuit or open circuit as an abnormal module string;
and sending the identification information of the abnormal component string to an external receiving end and closing the abnormal component string.
6. The method for detecting a fault in a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 5, wherein the step of determining the operation state of each photovoltaic module string according to a preset strategy, respectively, comprises:
respectively acquiring real-time sub-voltage and real-time sub-current of each photovoltaic module string, and judging whether the real-time sub-voltage is lower than a first preset interval or not;
if yes, judging whether the real-time sub-current is higher than a second preset interval;
if yes, judging that the running state is short circuit.
7. The method for detecting a fault in a photovoltaic power generation system according to claim 5, wherein the operation state of each photovoltaic module string is determined according to a preset strategy, and further comprising:
judging whether the real-time sub-voltage is larger than or equal to a second preset voltage value;
if yes, judging whether the real-time sub-current is zero;
if yes, judging that the running state is open circuit.
8. A failure detection apparatus of a photovoltaic power generation system, the failure detection apparatus of a photovoltaic power generation system being applied to the failure detection method of a photovoltaic power generation system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the failure test apparatus of a photovoltaic power generation system comprises:
the first standard deviation calculation module is used for obtaining the direct current rectification ratio of the photovoltaic array at intervals of a first preset time length and calculating the first standard deviation of all the direct current rectification ratios;
the first coordinate system modeling module is used for generating first coordinate points by taking the first preset duration as a first abscissa, taking each first standard deviation as a first ordinate and outputting each first coordinate point in a first right-angle coordinate system;
the first coordinate system operation module is used for sequentially connecting each first coordinate point to form a first curve;
the first curve slope calculation module is used for judging whether a first change value of the current first slope of the first curve compared with the previous first slope exceeds a first preset threshold value or not at intervals of a second preset duration;
the first change value judging module is used for judging whether the duration of the first change value exceeds a second preset threshold value or not if the first change value of the current first slope compared with the first change value of the last first slope exceeds the first preset threshold value;
and the first fault judging module is used for judging that the photovoltaic array breaks down if the duration of the first change value exceeds a second preset threshold value.
9. An electronic device comprising a processor, and a memory coupled to the processor, the memory storing program instructions executable by the processor; the processor, when executing the program instructions stored in the memory, implements the fault detection method of the photovoltaic power generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A storage medium having stored therein program instructions that when executed by a processor implement a fault detection method capable of implementing the photovoltaic power generation system of any of claims 1 to 7.
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