CN109885856A - Photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method based on I-V curve - Google Patents
Photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method based on I-V curve Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method based on I-V curve that the invention discloses a kind of, the operating current and operating voltage for extracting photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve and reading assembly first calculate the reverse-biased power loss of hot spot battery by parsing I-V curve；Then by calculating the maximum value of photovoltaic module peak power output in photovoltaic module incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency and test group string, the loss of hot spot cell photoelectric transfer power is calculated；The two is added as hot spot total-power loss.This method can accurately calculate the hot spot power loss of photovoltaic module, have many advantages, such as that real-time, economy is quick, is applicable to various scale arrays, and its calculated result can be used for assessing the severity of hot spot, improve the safety and reliability of photovoltaic system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power loss calculation methods, more particularly to a kind of photovoltaic module heat based on I-V curve
Spot power loss calculation method, belongs to technical field of photovoltaic modules.
Background technique
With the development of photovoltaic industry and the long-term of photovoltaic system is put into operation, and the various failure problems of photovoltaic module are gradually
It is exposed.As shadow occlusion, foreign matter covering or battery defect cause power mismatch between each cell piece and caused by hot spot
It is most common component faults.Hot spot not only results in the power loss of component, and component can be burnt under serious conditions and is caused seriously
Fire.In order to reduce harm caused by hot spot failure, fire caused by battery-heating is avoided, is needed periodically to running group
Part carries out hot spot detection and the assessment of hot spot seriousness.
Document " Kim K A, Seo G S, Cho B H, et al.Photovoltaic hot-spot detection
for solar panel substrings using AC parameter characterization”.《IEEE
Transactions on Power Electronics ", 2016,31 (2): 1121-1130. (" based on alternating-current parameter characteristic
Solar panel photovoltaic hot spot detection ", " IEEE journal-power electronics periodical ", the 2nd phase 1121-1130 of volume 31 in 2016
Page) a kind of AC impedance by measuring photovoltaic module is provided come the method for detection components hot spot, but this method is needed to group
Part injects alternating current, is difficult the on-line checking when component is sealed in group string and worked normally.
Document " Experimental observations on hot-spots and derived acceptance/
Rejection criteria ", " Solor Energy ", 2015,118:28-the 40. (" experimental observations of hot spot and proposition connects
By/refusal criterion ", " Solor Energy ", 2015 page 28-page 40 of volume 118) propose by power loss assess heat
The method of spot severity, but its power loss is by component operation voltage relative to the work of barrier component without reason in same group of string
Make the decreasing value of voltage to calculate.This method does not account for influence of the operating current variation to power loss, and calculated value is simultaneously not allowed
Really, it and is limited to need barrier component without reason in group string.
Chinese patent " photovoltaic array hot spot rapid detection system and method based on infrared image processing " (publication No.:
CN105720917A the method that photovoltaic module hot spot is detected by infrared image processing mentioned in), but for extensive light
Photovoltaic array this method takes a long time precision reduction, and testing cost is higher.
Chinese patent " a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot temperature computation method " (publication No.: CN106066916A) proposes a kind of logical
Come the method for estimating hot spot battery temperature, the hot spot power loss mentioned in this method calculates not comprising light overheat simulation model
Electrotransformation power loss, and without the method for determination of parameter in formulas for calculating.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method based on I-V curve, energy
The power loss of enough high-efficiency and economics efficiently computation module hot spot, the severity of evaluation component hot spot improve photovoltaic system fortune
Capable safety and reliability.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides based on a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot power loss by I-V curve
Calculation method, the photovoltaic module which is related to are one in photovoltaic group string, and the photovoltaic group string is identical by n structure
Photovoltaic module is connected in series, and each photovoltaic module is connected in series by the identical substring of three structures, and each substring includes ncellIt is a
Cell piece and a bypass diode, ncellIt is in parallel with bypass diode after a cell piece series connection, wherein ncellFor positive integer；
The photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method based on I-V curve the following steps are included:
Step 1, the reverse-biased power loss P of hot spot battery is calculatedr, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1.1, pass through the operating current I of reading photovoltaic module on component optimizermAnd operating voltage Um；
Step 1.2, the I-V output characteristic curve of photovoltaic module is extracted by the component optimizer with I-V sweep function；
Step 1.3, the I-V output characteristic curve obtained in analyzing step 1, and make following judgement:
If photovoltaic module is without hot spot, without carrying out the reverse-biased power loss P of hot spot battery without step on curverIt calculates；
If there is a step on curve, photovoltaic module has a substring to have hot spot, which is denoted as step 1, the son
The reverse-biased power loss of hot spot battery of string is denoted as Pr1, and enter step 1.4；
If there are two step on curve, photovoltaic module has hot spot there are two substring, two steps is denoted as step 2 respectively
It is denoted as respectively with the reverse-biased power loss of hot spot battery of step 3, two substrings as Pr2And Pr3, and enter step 1.5；
Step 1.4, photovoltaic module open-circuit voltage U is parsed from photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curveoc, 1 section of step
Voltage value U at two endpoints11、U12With the current value I at the endpoint of two, 1 section of step11、I12, wherein U11> U12；
If Im< I11,Pr1=0；
If I11≤Im< I12,Pr1=(U11-Um)×Im；
If Im≥I12,
Step 1.5, photovoltaic module open-circuit voltage U is parsed from photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curveoc, 2 section of step
Voltage value U at two endpoints21、U22With the current value I at the endpoint of two, 2 section of step21、I22, two, 3 section of step endpoint
The voltage value U at place31、U32With the current value I at the endpoint of two, 3 section of step31、I32, wherein U21> U22> U31> U32；
If Im< I21,Pr2=0, Pr3=0；
If I21≤Im< I22,Pr2=(U21-Um)×Im、Pr3=0；
If I22≤Im< I31,Pr3=0；
If I31≤Im< I32,Pr3=(U31-Um)×Im；
If Im≥I32,
Step 2, it calculates hot spot cell photoelectric transfer power and P is lostsun, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 2.1, specified peak power output P is read from photovoltaic module nameplatem, measure photovoltaic module battery sheet gauge
Lattice；Note battery leaf length is a, and cell piece width is b, calculates photovoltaic module incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency η, calculating formula are as follows:
Step 2.2, by reading the practical peak power output of n photovoltaic module in photovoltaic group string on component optimizer simultaneously
It is compared, maximum value therein is taken to be denoted as photovoltaic module with reference to peak power output Pm a max, then hot spot cell photoelectric converts function
P is lost in ratesunCalculating formula it is as follows:
Step 3, photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss P is calculatedhot；
If photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve is without step, photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss Phot=Psun；
If photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve has a step, photovoltaic module has a substring to have hot spot, by the son
The hot spot total-power loss of string is denoted as Phot1, photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss Phot=Phot1, wherein Phot1=Pr1+Psun；
If there are two steps for photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve, photovoltaic module has hot spot there are two substring, by two
Substring hot spot total-power loss is denoted as P respectivelyhot2、Phot3, then photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss Phot=Phot2+Phot3,
In, Phot2=Pr2+Psun, Phot3=Pr3+Psun。
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect comprise that
1, the hot spot power loss of photovoltaic module can be accurately calculated, barrier component is as a comparison without reason without addition；
2, can real-time online calculate and be used to detect hot spot；
3, it can be applied to the photovoltaic array of various scales, it is economical quick；
4, calculated result can be used for assessing the severity of hot spot, improve the safety and reliability of photovoltaic system.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is photovoltaic module structure schematic diagram according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is analyzing chart for reason when photovoltaic module I-V curve according to the present invention has a step.
Fig. 3 is that there are two analyzing charts for reason when step for photovoltaic module I-V curve according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is photovoltaic group in the photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method proposed by the invention based on I-V curve
The reverse-biased power loss of hot spot battery calculates corresponding schematic diagram when part I-V curve has a step.
Fig. 5 is photovoltaic group in the photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method proposed by the invention based on I-V curve
There are two the reverse-biased power losses of hot spot battery when step to calculate corresponding schematic diagram for part I-V curve.
Fig. 6 is hot spot electricity in the photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method proposed by the invention based on I-V curve
The reverse-biased power loss in pond calculates corresponding flow chart.
Fig. 7 is the main-process stream of the photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method proposed by the invention based on I-V curve
Figure.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification, the invention will be further described.
A kind of photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method based on I-V curve, the photovoltaic group which is related to
Part is one in photovoltaic group string, and the photovoltaic group string is connected in series by the identical photovoltaic module of n structure, each photovoltaic module
Structure is as shown in Figure 1, be specifically described as follows: each photovoltaic module is connected in series by the identical substring of three structures, each substring
Including ncellA cell piece and a bypass diode, ncellIt is in parallel with bypass diode after a cell piece series connection, wherein ncell
For positive integer.In the present embodiment, ncell=20.
Fig. 7 is the main-process stream of the photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method proposed by the invention based on I-V curve
Figure.It may be seen that the present invention is based on the photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation methods of I-V curve, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the reverse-biased power loss P of hot spot battery is calculatedr。
Fig. 6 is hot spot electricity in the photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method proposed by the invention based on I-V curve
The reverse-biased power loss in pond calculates corresponding flow chart.It may be seen that specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1.1, pass through the operating current I of reading photovoltaic module on component optimizermAnd operating voltage Um。
Step 1.2, the I-V output characteristic curve of photovoltaic module is extracted by the component optimizer with I-V sweep function.
The operating current I of photovoltaic modulemAnd operating voltage VmNot fully determined by itself operating condition, but the institute in entire group string
Have under the collective effect of photovoltaic module, according to I-V characteristic relationship on bus, by a group string inverter MPPT maximum power point tracking function control
It is made.
Step 1.3, the I-V output characteristic curve obtained in analyzing step 1, and make following judgement.
If photovoltaic module is without hot spot, without carrying out the reverse-biased power loss P of hot spot battery without step on curverIt calculates；
If there is a step on curve, photovoltaic module has a substring to have hot spot, which is denoted as step 1, the son
The reverse-biased power loss of hot spot battery of string is denoted as Pr1, and enter step 1.4；
If there are two step on curve, photovoltaic module has hot spot there are two substring, two steps is denoted as step 2 respectively
It is denoted as respectively with the reverse-biased power loss of hot spot battery of step 3, two substrings as Pr2And Pr3, and enter step 1.5.
As shown in Fig. 2, power mismatch is generated with normal battery piece if occurring a hot spot cell piece in photovoltaic module,
Greater than hot spot battery short circuit electric current Ihot scOperating current ImIt can be in reverse-bias state under effect, bear reversed bias voltage Vr,
And normal battery bit end voltage is forward voltage Vni, in reversed bias voltage VrReverse-biased leakage current I is had under effectlcFlow through hot spot battery
Piece, then the total current for flowing through hot spot cell piece is Ihot sc+Ilc.In the substring where the hot spot cell piece, for shown in Fig. 1
Photovoltaic module structure, when | Vr|-19×VniWhen >=0.7V, is connected with the bypass diode of substring parallel connection, is flowed in substring at this time
The electric current crossed is maintained at Ihot sc+Ilc, extra electric current flows through from bypass diode, and photovoltaic module operating voltage will become no heat
2/3 in the case of spot；If | Vr|-19×Vni< 0.7V, diode shutdown, the electric current flowed through in substring at this time is operating current
Im；If operating current is less than hot spot cell piece short circuit current, hot spot cell piece is not subjected to reversed bias voltage, photovoltaic module work electricity
Pressure is identical as in the case of no hot spot, therefore photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve will appear a step.As shown in figure 3, working as light
There is hot spot cell piece there are two substring in volt component, similarly, is closed in operating current and two hot spot battery short circuit size of current
When being different, two series-parallel bypass diodes of son are sequentially turned on or are turned off, therefore photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve meeting
There are two steps.
Step 1.4, photovoltaic module open-circuit voltage U is parsed from photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curveoc, 1 section of step
Voltage value U at two endpoints11、U12With the current value I at the endpoint of two, 1 section of step11、I12, wherein U11> U12；
If Im< I11,Pr1=0；
If I11≤Im< I12,Pr1=(U11-Um)×Im；
If Im≥I12,
Fig. 4 is photovoltaic group in the photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method proposed by the invention based on I-V curve
The reverse-biased power loss of hot spot battery calculates corresponding schematic diagram when part I-V curve has a step.
Step 1.5, photovoltaic module open-circuit voltage U is parsed from photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curveoc, 2 section of step
Voltage value U at two endpoints21、U22With the current value I at the endpoint of two, 2 section of step21、I22, two, 3 section of step endpoint
The voltage value U at place31、U32With the current value I at the endpoint of two, 3 section of step31、I32, wherein U21> U22> U31> U32。
If Im< I21,Pr2=0, Pr3=0；
If I21≤Im< I22,Pr2=(U21-Um)×Im、Pr3=0；
If I22≤Im< I31,Pr3=0；
If I31≤Im< I32,Pr3=(U31-Um)×Im；
If Im≥I32,
Fig. 5 is photovoltaic group in the photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method proposed by the invention based on I-V curve
There are two the reverse-biased power losses of hot spot battery when step to calculate corresponding schematic diagram for part I-V curve.
Step 2, it calculates hot spot cell photoelectric transfer power and P is lostsun, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 2.1, specified peak power output P is read from photovoltaic module nameplatem, measure photovoltaic module battery sheet gauge
Lattice；Note battery leaf length is a, and cell piece width is b, calculates photovoltaic module incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency η, calculating formula are as follows:
Step 2.2, by reading the practical peak power output of n photovoltaic module in photovoltaic group string on component optimizer simultaneously
It is compared, maximum value therein is taken to be denoted as photovoltaic module with reference to peak power output Pm a max, then hot spot cell photoelectric converts function
P is lost in ratesunCalculating formula it is as follows:
Step 3, photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss P is calculatedhot；
If photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve is without step, photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss Phot=Psun；
If photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve has a step, photovoltaic module has a substring to have hot spot, by the son
The hot spot total-power loss of string is denoted as Phot1, photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss Phot=Phot1, wherein Phot1=Pr1+Psun；
If there are two steps for photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve, photovoltaic module has hot spot there are two substring, by two
Substring hot spot total-power loss is denoted as P respectivelyhot2、Phot3, then photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss Phot=Phot2+Phot3,
In, Phot2=Pr2+Psun, Phot3=Pr3+Psun。
Claims (1)
1. a kind of photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method based on I-V curve, the photovoltaic module which is related to
For one in photovoltaic group string, the photovoltaic group string is connected in series by the identical photovoltaic module of n structure, each photovoltaic module by
The identical substring of three structures is connected in series, and each substring includes ncellA cell piece and a bypass diode, ncellA battery
It is in parallel with bypass diode after piece series connection, wherein ncellFor positive integer；
The photovoltaic module hot spot power loss calculation method based on I-V curve, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, the reverse-biased power loss P of hot spot battery is calculatedr, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 1.1, pass through the operating current I of reading photovoltaic module on component optimizermAnd operating voltage Um；
Step 1.2, the I-V output characteristic curve of photovoltaic module is extracted by the component optimizer with I-V sweep function；
Step 1.3, the I-V output characteristic curve obtained in analyzing step 1.2, and make following judgement:
If photovoltaic module is without hot spot, without carrying out the reverse-biased power loss P of hot spot battery without step on curverIt calculates；
If there is a step on curve, photovoltaic module has a substring to have hot spot, which is denoted as step 1, the substring
The reverse-biased power loss of hot spot battery is denoted as Pr1, and enter step 1.4；
If there are two step on curve, photovoltaic module has hot spot there are two substring, two steps is denoted as step 2 and platform respectively
The reverse-biased power loss of hot spot battery of rank 3, two substrings is denoted as respectively as Pr2And Pr3, and enter step 1.5；
Step 1.4, photovoltaic module open-circuit voltage U is parsed from photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curveoc, two, 1 section of step
Voltage value U at endpoint11、U12With the current value I at the endpoint of two, 1 section of step11、I12, wherein U11> U12；
If Im< I11,Pr1=0；
If I11≤Im< I12,Pr1=(U11-Um)×Im；
If Im≥I12,
Step 1.5, photovoltaic module open-circuit voltage U is parsed from photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curveoc, two, 2 section of step
Voltage value U at endpoint21、U22With the current value I at the endpoint of two, 2 section of step21、I22, at the endpoint of two, 3 section of step
Voltage value U31、U32With the current value I at the endpoint of two, 3 section of step31、I32, wherein U21> U22> U31> U32；
If Im< I21,Pr2=0, Pr3=0；
If I21≤Im< I22,Pr2=(U21-Um)×Im、Pr3=0；
If I22≤Im< I31,Pr3=0；
If I31≤Im< I32,Pr3=(U31-Um)×Im；
If Im≥I32,
Step 2, it calculates hot spot cell photoelectric transfer power and P is lostsun, specifically includes the following steps:
Step 2.1, specified peak power output P is read from photovoltaic module nameplatem, measure photovoltaic module cell piece specification；Note electricity
Pond leaf length is a, and cell piece width is b, calculates photovoltaic module incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency η, calculating formula are as follows:
Step 2.2, by reading the practical peak power output of n photovoltaic module in photovoltaic group string on component optimizer and carrying out
Compare, maximum value therein is taken to be denoted as photovoltaic module with reference to peak power outputThen hot spot cell photoelectric transfer power
P is lostsunCalculating formula it is as follows:
Step 3, photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss P is calculatedhot；
If photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve is without step, photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss Phot=Psun；
If photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve has a step, photovoltaic module has a substring to have hot spot, by the substring
Hot spot total-power loss is denoted as Phot1, photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss Phot=Phot1, wherein Phot1=Pr1+Psun；
If there are two steps for photovoltaic module I-V output characteristic curve, photovoltaic module has hot spot there are two substring, by two substrings
Hot spot total-power loss is denoted as P respectivelyhot2、Phot3, then photovoltaic module hot spot total-power loss Phot=Phot2+Phot3, wherein
Phot2=Pr2+Psun, Phot3=Pr3+Psun。
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