CN109913758B - Ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109913758B
CN109913758B CN201910247207.1A CN201910247207A CN109913758B CN 109913758 B CN109913758 B CN 109913758B CN 201910247207 A CN201910247207 A CN 201910247207A CN 109913758 B CN109913758 B CN 109913758B
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CN109913758A (en
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陈礼清
刘后龙
魏亮亮
郑家昊
马明玉
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Northeastern University China
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium

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  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of stainless steel preparation, wherein the ferrite stainless steel plate comprises, by mass, not more than 0.01% of C, not more than 0.006-0.01% of N, 0.4-0.6% of Si, 18-20% of Cr, 1.8-2.1% of Mo, 0.2-0.5% of Nb, 0.1-0.2% of Ti, 0.4-1.5% of W, 0.04-0.1% of Ce, 0.25-0.35% of Mn, not more than 0.005% of S, not more than 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe. During preparation, after smelting casting and forging are carried out in sequence, hot rolling and cold rolling are carried out in sequence at corresponding temperatures, the reduction rate and the annealing temperature after two times of rolling are controlled, and the ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance is prepared by cooling. The invention improves the high-temperature strength of the ferritic stainless steel by adding a proper amount of W and provides an optimized rolling process, and can produce the ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance, which is used in the high-temperature working environment of parts such as the hot end of an automobile exhaust manifold and the like.

Description

Ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance and preparation method thereof
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of stainless steel manufacturing, and particularly relates to a ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance and a preparation method thereof.
Background art:
the ferritic stainless steel has excellent oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal fatigue resistance, and is widely applied to the fields of automobile exhaust systems, electrical appliances, fuel cells, nuclear power and the like.
With the stricter and stricter emission standards of automobile exhaust and the continuous improvement of fuel efficiency, the temperature of the automobile exhaust is continuously increased. The local working temperature of an exhaust manifold directly connected with an engine reaches 950-1050 ℃, even 1100 ℃; considering that the exhaust manifold has a complicated structure, it is necessary to have excellent formability. Therefore, ferritic stainless steels having excellent high-temperature strength and formability are in great demand.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance comprises, by mass, not more than 0.01% of C, 0.006-0.01% of N, 0.4-0.6% of Si, 18-20% of Cr, 1.8-2.1% of Mo, 0.2-0.5% of Nb, 0.1-0.2% of Ti, 0.4-1.5% of W, 0.04-0.1% of Ce, 0.25-0.35% of Mn, not more than 0.005% of S, not more than 0.01% of P, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance has tensile strength sigma at 1100 DEG CsNot less than 18MPa, yield strength sigma at room temperature0.2360-400 MPa, tensile strength sigma at room temperatureb570-611 MPa, elongation after fracture at room temperature not less than 28%, and average plastic strain ratio rmNot less than 1.4, anisotropy delta R not more than 0.1, surface roughness average value R after deformation of 15% along rolling directiona≤1μm。
The preparation method of the ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and formability comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting molten steel according to the set components and casting the molten steel into steel ingots, wherein the components comprise, by mass, less than or equal to 0.01% of C, 0.006-0.01% of N, 0.4-0.6% of Si, 19-20% of Cr, 1.9-2.1% of Mo, 0.2-0.5% of Nb, 0.1-0.2% of Ti, 0.4-1.5% of W, 0.04-0.1% of REM, 0.25-0.35% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe;
(2) forging the steel ingot into a plate blank, wherein the forging temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished;
(3) heating the air-cooled plate blank to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3 h, performing hot rolling for 6-8 times, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 780-930 ℃, the total reduction rate is 85-90%, and air cooling to room temperature after hot rolling is completed;
(4) annealing the air-cooled hot rolled plate at 1025-1075 ℃ for 3-8 min, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
(5) and (2) cold rolling the hot-rolled annealed plate at room temperature, wherein the total reduction rate is 75-85%, annealing treatment is carried out at 1025-1075 ℃ after the cold rolling is finished, the annealing time is 1-3 min, and the annealed plate is air-cooled to room temperature to prepare the ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance.
In the step (2), the thickness of the forged plate blank is 40-60 mm.
In the step (3), the single-pass reduction rate during hot rolling is 20-40%.
In the step (5), the single-pass reduction rate is not more than 10% during cold rolling.
In the step (5), the thickness of the prepared ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance is 1-2 mm.
The reason why the composition is limited in the present invention is explained, and the contents of the respective elements in the steel are mass%. Both the C and N elements in ferritic stainless steels reduce the r-value, elongation and corrosion resistance of the finished plate. In addition, C, N has strong affinity with Cr, and easily forms chromium carbide and nitride with Cr, resulting in chromium depletion and reduced high temperature oxidation resistance and intergranular corrosion resistance of the material. These negative effects are more pronounced if the total content of C and N exceeds 0.03%. However, if the total content of C and N is less than 0.005%, the growth of the columnar solidification structure is promoted, which is disadvantageous in the ability of the finished plate to resist surface wrinkles. Considering that the toughness of the ferritic stainless steel is obviously damaged by the C element and is obviously better than that of the N element, and the strength of the steel can be improved without basically reducing the toughness of the steel by increasing the content of the N element. Therefore, the C content should not be higher than 0.01%, and the N content should be controlled to 0.006-0.01%.
Si can play a role in deoxidation in steel and can also improve the oxidation resistance. However, if the Si content exceeds 1%, the formability and plasticity of the finished sheet are deteriorated. Therefore, the Si content is controlled to 0.4 to 0.6%.
Cr is a main element determining the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel, and can improve the potential of a matrix electrode, thereby remarkably improving the corrosion resistance of the steel. In addition, Cr is a main component of the oxide film, and contributes to the formation of a more stable oxide film and the improvement of oxidation resistance at high temperatures. However, as the Cr content increases, the formability of the ferritic stainless steel decreases. Therefore, the Cr content is limited to 18 to 20%.
Mo can remarkably increase the stability of a passive film on the surface of steel and can prevent the passive film from being locally broken down in a severe aggressive environment. Mo can also enhance local corrosion resistance, such as pitting, crevice corrosion, especially in the presence of chloride ions in halogen salts or seawater. In addition, Mo can provide solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening effects. However, an excessively high Mo amount during long-term use causes coarsening of the precipitated phase, and reduces the precipitation strengthening effect. Therefore, the content of Mo is controlled to be 1.8-2.1%.
Nb is a stabilizing element of carbon and nitrogen, and can combine with carbon and nitrogen to form Nb (C, N), thereby inhibiting the formation of carbon and nitride of chromium in the steel and improving the intergranular corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. In addition, Nb can also improve the high-temperature strength of ferritic stainless steel by solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening. However, excessive Nb causes coarsening of precipitated phases at high temperatures, and deteriorates the high-temperature performance of the steel. Therefore, the Nb content is controlled to 0.2 to 0.5%.
Ti is also a stabilizing element of carbon and nitrogen, and can be combined with carbon and nitrogen to form TiC or TiN, thereby inhibiting carbon and nitride of chromium from being formed in steel and improving the intergranular corrosion resistance of stainless steel. If the amount of Ti is too high, excessive and coarse TiC or TiN precipitates to deteriorate the workability of the material. Therefore, the content of Ti is controlled to 0.1 to 0.2%.
W is one of several alloy elements with obvious effect of improving the heat strength of the matrix. The high melting point metal tungsten is dissolved in the matrix to hinder the diffusion of atoms and enhance the bonding force of atoms, so that the structure can keep stability at high temperature, thereby improving the heat resistance of the steel. In addition, the element W forms a precipitation phase in the ferritic stainless steel, providing a precipitation strengthening effect. However, excessive W causes coarsening of precipitated phases, which is disadvantageous in high-temperature performance. Therefore, the W content is controlled to be 0.4 to 1.5%.
Rare earth Ce can promote diffusion and migration of Cr, and is favorable for compact Cr2O3The formation of the film improves the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the ferritic stainless steel. However, too much Ce increases the amount of inclusions in the steel and decreases the toughness of the material. Therefore, the Ce content is controlled to be 0.04-0.1%.
Mn is effective in inhibiting scale peeling and abnormal oxidation of stainless steel, and also in reducing Cr consumption and inhibiting the formation of Cr-poor regions. Too high Mn content deteriorates the corrosion resistance and room temperature workability of the steel. Therefore, the Mn content is controlled to be 0.25 to 0.35%.
The S and P elements are harmful elements which are inevitably mixed in the steel, so the content of S is not higher than 0.005 percent, and the content of P is not more than 0.01 percent.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the high-temperature strength of the stainless steel plate obtained by the preparation method of the invention is higher than that of the existing steel B444M2, and the forming performance is obviously better than that of the ferrite stainless steel B444M 2. The ferritic stainless steel is particularly suitable for parts such as automobile exhaust systems and the like, and can be applied to working environments around 1100 ℃.
The ferritic stainless steel sheet of the present invention has good high-temperature strength and workability, and good applicability, and therefore can be used for exhaust gas passage members of power plants as well as for processed products of exhaust system parts, and can also be used in a corrosion-resistant environment by adding Mo element to the stainless steel composition.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic drawing of the dimensions of a high temperature tensile specimen;
FIG. 2 is an optical microscopic metallographic structure diagram of a ferritic stainless steel plate excellent in high-temperature strength and formability prepared in example 2;
FIG. 3 is an optical microscopic metallographic structure diagram of a ferritic stainless steel plate excellent in high-temperature strength and formability, prepared in example 7;
FIG. 4 is an optical microscopic metallographic structure of the finished plate prepared in comparative example 7.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the embodiment of the invention, a standard tensile sample is prepared according to GB/T228.1-2010, and the yield strength sigma of the material is measured on a CMT5105-SANS microcomputer controlled electronic universal experimental machine0.2Tensile Strength σbA schematic diagram of the elongation after fracture and the dimensions of the high temperature tensile test specimen is shown in FIG. 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, a tensile experiment is carried out according to the national standard GB/T5027-2016, and the average plastic strain ratio r of the material is measured on a CMT5105-SANS microcomputer-controlled electronic universal experimental machinemAnd an anisotropy degree Δ r. Tensile samples were prepared in the directions of 0 °, 45 ° and 90 ° from the rolling direction of the sheet, and the plastic strain ratio r in each direction was measured at 15% strain on a tensile tester0°、r45°And r90°Press rm＝(r0+2r45+r90)/4
The plastic strain ratio is calculated, and the degree of anisotropy is calculated as Δ r ═ r (r)0-2r45+r90) And/2, carrying out.
In the embodiment of the invention, a standard sample is cut along the direction which is at 0 degree with the rolling direction of a cold rolling annealed plate, the surface of the sample is ground to be bright by using 240#, 400#, 600#, 800#, 1000#, 1200#, and 1500# water sandpaper in sequence, then the sample is stretched and deformed for 15 percent, and then a portable roughness shape measuring instrument TR300 is used for measuring the surface of the sample along the direction which is vertical to the rolling direction to obtain the surface average roughness Ra.
Making high-temperature tensile sample from the finished board, and performing 1100 deg.C tensile test on MMS-200 thermal simulation tester with strain rate of 0.05min-1The tensile strength was measured.
The specific parameters of metallographic corrosion on the finished plate in the embodiment of the invention are as follows: passing 60% HNO3Electrolytic etching with nitric acid water solution, voltage 45V and time 60S.
Early stage experiment:
the applicant sets different hot rolling annealing temperatures and cold rolling annealing temperatures for different finishing rolling temperatures to perform experiments to obtain a steel plate finished product, and finally determines the hot rolling annealing temperature and the cold rolling annealing temperature range meeting the technical scheme through testing performance, wherein the specific hot rolling annealing temperature is 1025-1075 ℃, and the specific cold rolling annealing temperature is 1025-1075 ℃.
Example 1
The ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance comprises, by mass, 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P, and the balance of Fe.
The preparation steps are as follows: smelting molten steel according to set components and casting the molten steel into steel ingots, wherein the steel ingots comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P and the balance of Fe. Forging the steel ingot into a plate blank, wherein the forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the forging is 40mm, and air cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished. Then, the air-cooled slab was heated to 1200 ℃ and kept warm for 1 hour, and then hot rolled for 7 passes at a start rolling temperature of 1150 ℃, a finish rolling temperature of 800 ℃ to 5mm (reduction of 87.5%) and a single-pass reduction of 30%, and air-cooled to room temperature after rolling to obtain a hot-rolled sheet. Annealing the hot rolled plate at 1025 deg.C for 5min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 80%), cold rolling at single pass reduction of no more than 10%, annealing at 1050 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and formability at 1100 deg.Cs21MPa, yield strength at room temperature σ0.2395MPa, tensile strength at room temperature σb611MPa, elongation after fracture of 29.9% at room temperature, average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.57, degree of anisotropy Δ R0.08, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the Rolling directiona0.9μm。
Example 2
The ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance comprises, by mass, 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P, and the balance of Fe.
The preparation steps are as follows: smelting molten steel according to set components and casting the molten steel into steel ingots, wherein the steel ingots comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P and the balance of Fe. Forging the steel ingot into a plate blank, wherein the forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the forging is 40mm, and air cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished. Then, the air-cooled slab was heated to 1200 ℃ and kept warm for 1 hour, and then hot rolled for 7 passes at a start rolling temperature of 1150 ℃, a finish rolling temperature of 800 ℃ to 5mm (reduction of 87.5%) and a single-pass reduction of 30%, and air-cooled to room temperature after rolling to obtain a hot-rolled sheet. Annealing hot rolled plate at 1050 deg.C for 5min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 80%), single-pass reduction of not more than 10%, annealing at 1050 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and formability, and its optical microscopic metallographic structure diagram is shown in FIG. 2, and the steel plate has tensile strength of 1100 deg.Cs20MPa, yield strength at room temperature sigma0.2394MPa, tensile strength at room temperature sigmab610MPa, elongation after fracture at room temperature of 29.5 percent and average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.62, degree of anisotropy Deltar-0.09, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in rolling directiona0.92μm。
Example 3
The ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance comprises, by mass, 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P, and the balance of Fe.
The preparation steps are as follows: smelting molten steel according to set components and casting the molten steel into steel ingots, wherein the steel ingots comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P and the balance of Fe. Forging the steel ingot into a plate blank, wherein the forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the forging is carried out to 40mm,and air cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished. Then, the air-cooled slab was heated to 1200 ℃ and kept warm for 1 hour, and then hot rolled for 7 passes at a start rolling temperature of 1150 ℃, a finish rolling temperature of 800 ℃ to 5mm (reduction of 87.5%) and a single-pass reduction of 30%, and air-cooled to room temperature after rolling to obtain a hot-rolled sheet. Annealing the hot rolled plate at 1075 deg.C for 5min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 80%), cold rolling at single pass reduction of not more than 10%, annealing at 1050 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and formability at 1100 deg.Cs20MPa, yield strength at room temperature sigma0.2392MPa, tensile strength at room temperature σb603MPa, elongation after fracture of 30.1% at room temperature, and average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.68, degree of anisotropy Deltar 0.07, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the Rolling directiona0.88μm。
Example 4
The ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance comprises, by mass, 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P, and the balance of Fe.
The preparation steps are as follows: smelting molten steel according to set components and casting the molten steel into steel ingots, wherein the steel ingots comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P and the balance of Fe. Forging the steel ingot into a plate blank, wherein the forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the forging is 40mm, and air cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished. Then, the air-cooled slab is heated to 1200 ℃, and is subjected to heat preservation for 1 hour, then 7-pass hot rolling is carried out, the initial rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃, the hot rolling is carried out to 6mm (the reduction rate is 85%), the hot rolling single-pass reduction rate is 20%, and the air-cooled slab is cooled to room temperature after rolling to prepare a hot-rolled plate. Annealing hot rolled plate at 1050 deg.C for 6min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 83.3%), single-pass reduction of no more than 10%, annealing at 1025 deg.C for 1min, and making into high-temperature alloyFerritic stainless steel sheet having excellent formability and having tensile strength sigma at 1100 DEG Cs21MPa, yield strength at room temperature σ0.2390MPa, tensile strength at room temperature σb609MPa, elongation after fracture at room temperature of 29.3 percent, and average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.52, degree of anisotropy Δ R0.05, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the rolling directiona0.48μm。
Example 5
The ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance comprises, by mass, 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P, and the balance of Fe.
The preparation steps are as follows: smelting molten steel according to set components and casting the molten steel into steel ingots, wherein the steel ingots comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P and the balance of Fe. Forging the steel ingot into a plate blank, wherein the forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the forging is 40mm, and air cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished. Then, the air-cooled slab is heated to 1200 ℃, and is subjected to heat preservation for 1 hour, then 7-pass hot rolling is carried out, the initial rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃, the hot rolling is carried out to 6mm (the reduction rate is 85%), the hot rolling single-pass reduction rate is 20%, and the air-cooled slab is cooled to room temperature after rolling to prepare a hot-rolled plate. Annealing the hot rolled plate at 1050 deg.C for 6min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 83.3%), cold rolling at single pass reduction of no more than 10%, annealing at 1050 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and formability at 1100 deg.Cs21MPa, yield strength at room temperature σ0.2Has a tensile strength of 387MPa at room temperatureb600MPa, elongation after fracture at room temperature of 29.2 percent and average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.56, degree of anisotropy Δ R0.02, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the Rolling directiona0.35μm。
Example 6
The ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance comprises, by mass, 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P, and the balance of Fe.
The preparation steps are as follows: smelting molten steel according to set components and casting the molten steel into steel ingots, wherein the steel ingots comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.008% of C, 0.008% of N, 19.4% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.45% of Nb, 2.03% of Mo, 1.03% of W, 0.52% of Si, 0.35% of Mn, 0.049% of Ce, 0.005% of S, 0.008% of P and the balance of Fe. Forging the steel ingot into a plate blank, wherein the forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the forging is 40mm, and air cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished. Then, the air-cooled slab is heated to 1200 ℃, and is subjected to heat preservation for 1 hour, then 7-pass hot rolling is carried out, the initial rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃, the hot rolling is carried out to 6mm (the reduction rate is 85%), the hot rolling single-pass reduction rate is 20%, and the air-cooled slab is cooled to room temperature after rolling to prepare a hot-rolled plate. Annealing the hot rolled plate at 1050 deg.C for 6min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 83.3%), cold rolling at single pass reduction of no more than 10%, annealing at 1075 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and formability at 1100 deg.Cs20MPa, yield strength at room temperature sigma0.2383MPa, tensile strength at room temperature σb596MPa, elongation after break at room temperature of 29.8 percent and average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.63 degree of anisotropy Deltar 0.09, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the Rolling directiona0.47μm。
Example 7
The ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and formability comprises, by mass, 0.007% of C, 0.007% of N, 19.5% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.44% of Nb, 1.95% of Mo, 0.58% of W, 0.50% of Si, 0.32% of Mn, 0.056% of Ce, 0.004% of S, 0.009% of P and the balance of Fe.
The preparation steps are as follows: smelting molten steel according to set components and casting the molten steel into steel ingots, wherein the steel ingots comprise the following components in percentage by mass: 0.007% of C, 0.007% of N, 19.5% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti,0.44% of Nb, 1.95% of Mo, 0.58% of W, 0.50% of Si, 0.32% of Mn, 0.056% of Ce, 0.004% of S, 0.009% of P and the balance of Fe. Forging the steel ingot into a plate blank, wherein the forging temperature is 1200 ℃, the forging is 60mm, and air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after the forging is finished. Then, the air-cooled slab was heated to 1200 ℃ and kept warm for 1 hour, and then hot rolled for 7 passes at a start rolling temperature of 1150 ℃ and a finish rolling temperature of 900 ℃ to 6mm (reduction of 90%), with a single-pass reduction of 30%, and then air-cooled to room temperature after rolling to obtain a hot-rolled sheet. Annealing hot rolled plate at 1050 deg.C for 4min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1.5mm (reduction of 75%), single-pass reduction of not more than 10%, annealing at 1050 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and formability, and its optical microscopic metallographic structure diagram is shown in FIG. 3, and the steel plate has tensile strength of 1100 deg.Cs18MPa, yield strength at room temperature sigma0.2Tensile strength sigma at room temperature of 382MPab588MPa, elongation after fracture of 31.2 percent at room temperature and average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.59, degree of anisotropy Deltar 0.04, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the Rolling directiona0.66μm。
Comparative example 1
Molten steel was smelted and cast into steel ingots according to the set compositions (C0.008%, N0.008%, Cr 19.4%, ti0.14%, Nb 0.45%, Mo 2.03%, W1.03%, Si 0.52%, Mn 0.35%, Ce 0.049%, S0.005%, P0.008%, and the balance Fe) of the ferritic stainless steel sheet of example 1, the steel ingots were forged into slabs at a forging temperature of 1200 ℃, 40mm were forged, and after the forging, air-cooled to room temperature. Then, the air-cooled slab was heated to 1200 ℃ and kept warm for 1 hour, and then hot rolled for 7 passes at a start rolling temperature of 1150 ℃ and a finish rolling temperature of 800 ℃ to 5mm (reduction of 87.5%) at a single pass reduction of 30%, and air-cooled to room temperature after rolling to obtain a hot-rolled sheet. Annealing hot rolled plate at 950 deg.C for 5min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 80%), single-pass reduction of not more than 10%, annealing at 1050 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with yield strength at room temperature0.2403MPa, tensile strength at room temperatureDegree sigmab627MPa, elongation after break at room temperature of 26.3 percent and average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.27 degree of anisotropy Deltar 0.35, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the Rolling directiona1.70μm。
Comparative example 2
Molten steel was smelted and cast into steel ingots according to the set compositions (C0.008%, N0.008%, Cr 19.4%, ti0.14%, Nb 0.45%, Mo 2.03%, W1.03%, Si 0.52%, Mn 0.35%, Ce 0.049%, S0.005%, P0.008%, and the balance Fe) of the ferritic stainless steel sheet of example 1, the steel ingots were forged into slabs at a forging temperature of 1200 ℃, 40mm were forged, and after the forging, air-cooled to room temperature. Then, the air-cooled slab was heated to 1200 ℃ and kept warm for 1 hour, and then hot rolled for 7 passes at a start rolling temperature of 1150 ℃ and a finish rolling temperature of 800 ℃ to 5mm (reduction of 87.5%) at a single pass reduction of 30%, and air-cooled to room temperature after rolling to obtain a hot-rolled sheet. Annealing hot rolled plate at 1000 deg.C for 5min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 80%), single-pass reduction of not more than 10%, annealing at 1050 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with yield strength at room temperature0.2396MPa, tensile strength at room temperature sigmab613MPa, elongation after fracture at room temperature of 27.9 percent and average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.36 degree of anisotropy Deltar 0.23, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the Rolling directiona1.34μm。
Comparative example 3
Molten steel was smelted and cast into steel ingots according to the set compositions (C0.008%, N0.008%, Cr 19.4%, ti0.14%, Nb 0.45%, Mo 2.03%, W1.03%, Si 0.52%, Mn 0.35%, Ce 0.049%, S0.005%, P0.008%, and the balance Fe) of the ferritic stainless steel sheet of example 1, the steel ingots were forged into slabs at a forging temperature of 1200 ℃, 40mm were forged, and after the forging, air-cooled to room temperature. Then, the air-cooled slab is heated to 1200 ℃, kept warm for 1h, then hot rolled for 7 times, the initial rolling temperature is 1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 800 ℃, the hot rolled thickness is 5mm (the reduction rate is 87.5 percent), the hot rolled single-pass reduction rate is 30 percent, and air-cooled to room temperature after rolling to prepare the steelForming a hot-rolled plate. Annealing hot rolled plate at 1100 deg.C for 5min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 80%), single-pass reduction of not more than 10%, annealing at 1050 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with yield strength at room temperature0.2390MPa, tensile strength at room temperature σb600MPa, elongation after fracture of 30.3% at room temperature, average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.72, degree of anisotropy Δ R0.16, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the Rolling directiona0.89μm。
Comparative example 4
Molten steel was smelted and cast into steel ingots according to the set compositions (C0.008%, N0.008%, Cr 19.4%, ti0.14%, Nb 0.45%, Mo 2.03%, W1.03%, Si 0.52%, Mn 0.35%, Ce 0.049%, S0.005%, P0.008%, and the balance Fe) of the ferritic stainless steel sheet of example 1, the steel ingots were forged into slabs at a forging temperature of 1200 ℃, 40mm were forged, and after the forging, air-cooled to room temperature. Then, the air-cooled slab is heated to 1200 ℃, and is subjected to heat preservation for 1 hour, then 7-pass hot rolling is carried out, the initial rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃, the hot rolling is carried out to 6mm (the reduction rate is 85%), the hot rolling single-pass reduction rate is 20%, and the air-cooled slab is cooled to room temperature after rolling to prepare a hot-rolled plate. Annealing hot rolled plate at 1050 deg.C for 6min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 83.3%), cold rolling at single pass reduction of no more than 10%, annealing at 950 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with yield strength at room temperature of sigma0.2430MPa, tensile strength at room temperature σb643MPa, elongation after fracture of 17.4% at room temperature, average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.03, anisotropy Deltar-0.21, surface roughness average value R after deformation of 15% in rolling directiona0.73μm。
Comparative example 5
Molten steel was smelted and cast into steel ingots according to the set compositions (C0.008%, N0.008%, Cr 19.4%, Ti 0.14%, Nb 0.45%, Mo 2.03%, W1.03%, Si 0.52%, Mn 0.35%, Ce 0.049%, S0.005%, P0.008%, and balance Fe) of the ferritic stainless steel sheets of example 1, the steel ingots were forged into slabs, and the forging temperature was set toThe temperature is 1200 ℃, the forging is carried out for 40mm, and the air cooling is carried out to the room temperature after the forging is finished. Then, the air-cooled slab is heated to 1200 ℃, and is subjected to heat preservation for 1 hour, then 7-pass hot rolling is carried out, the initial rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃, the hot rolling is carried out to 6mm (the reduction rate is 85%), the hot rolling single-pass reduction rate is 20%, and the air-cooled slab is cooled to room temperature after rolling to prepare a hot-rolled plate. Annealing hot rolled plate at 1050 deg.C for 6min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 83.3%), cold rolling at single pass reduction of no more than 10%, annealing at 1000 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with yield strength at room temperature of sigma0.2398MPa, tensile strength at room temperatureb617MPa, elongation after fracture at room temperature of 25.6%, and average plastic strain ratio rm1.21, degree of anisotropy Deltar-0.11, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in rolling directiona0.53μm。
Comparative example 6
Molten steel was smelted and cast into steel ingots according to the set compositions (C0.008%, N0.008%, Cr 19.4%, ti0.14%, Nb 0.45%, Mo 2.03%, W1.03%, Si 0.52%, Mn 0.35%, Ce 0.049%, S0.005%, P0.008%, and the balance Fe) of the ferritic stainless steel sheet of example 1, the steel ingots were forged into slabs at a forging temperature of 1200 ℃, 40mm were forged, and after the forging, air-cooled to room temperature. Then, the air-cooled slab is heated to 1200 ℃, and is subjected to heat preservation for 1 hour, then 7-pass hot rolling is carried out, the initial rolling temperature is 1100 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃, the hot rolling is carried out to 6mm (the reduction rate is 85%), the hot rolling single-pass reduction rate is 20%, and the air-cooled slab is cooled to room temperature after rolling to prepare a hot-rolled plate. Annealing hot rolled plate at 1050 deg.C for 6min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm (reduction of 83.3%), cold rolling at single pass reduction of no more than 10%, annealing at 1100 deg.C for 1min, and making into ferritic stainless steel plate with yield strength at room temperature of sigma0.2383MPa, tensile strength at room temperature σb591MPa, elongation after break 31.1% at room temperature, average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.72, degree of anisotropy Δ R0.18, surface roughness average R after deformation of 15% in the Rolling directiona0.85μm。
Comparative example 7
The B444M2 type 5mm hot rolled plate which is produced at present and is practically used is taken as a comparison material, and the components in percentage by mass are as follows: 0.007% of C, 0.007% of N, 19.3% of Cr, 0.14% of Ti, 0.46% of Nb, 2.05% of Mo, 0.57% of Si, 0.29% of Mn0.005% of S, 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. Annealing 5mm hot rolled plate at 1000 deg.C for 10min, air cooling to room temperature, mechanically descaling, cold rolling to 1mm, annealing at 1000 deg.C for 2min to obtain the final product with optical microscopic metallographic structure diagram as shown in FIG. 4, tensile strength of 14MP at 1100 deg.C, and yield strength at room temperature of σ0.2360MPa, tensile strength at room temperature sigmab569MPa, elongation after fracture at room temperature of 28.1%, average value r of plastic strain ratiom1.31 degree of anisotropy Deltar 0.25, surface roughness average value R after deformation of 15% in rolling directiona0.94μm。
Forming performance:
the forming properties and mechanical properties of the finished sheets obtained in the above examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 7 are shown in table 1.
While satisfying the average plastic strain ratio rmNot less than 1.4, the degree of anisotropy △ r is less than 0.1, the average value Ra of the surface roughness is less than 1 μm, the elongation after fracture is not less than 28%, the product is qualified (○), and the product is not qualified (×).
Evaluation results
From table 1 and the results of the high temperature strength test, it is clear that the forming property and the high temperature strength of the ferritic stainless steel plate produced by the components and the preparation method according to the present invention are significantly better than those of the currently produced and applied B444M2 ferritic stainless steel.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002011369740000111

Claims (5)

1. The preparation method of the ferrite stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance is characterized in that the ferrite stainless steel plate comprises the following components in percentage by mass, that is, less than or equal to 0.01% of C, 0.006-0.01% of N, 0.4-0.6% of Si,cr 18-20%, Mo 1.8-2.1%, Nb 0.2-0.5%, Ti 0.1-0.2%, W0.4-1.5%, Ce 0.04-0.1%, Mn 0.25-0.35%, S less than or equal to 0.005%, P less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance of Fe; the ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance has tensile strength sigma at 1100 DEG Cs20-21MPa, yield strength at room temperature0.2392-394MPa, tensile strength at room temperatureb603-611MPa, elongation after fracture at room temperature29.5-30.1%, average value of plastic strain ratior mNot less than 1.4, degree of anisotropy △rLess than or equal to 0.1, and surface roughness average value after deformation of 15% along rolling directionR a≤1μm；
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting molten steel according to the set components and casting the molten steel into steel ingots, wherein the components comprise, by mass, less than or equal to 0.01% of C, 0.006-0.01% of N, 0.4-0.6% of Si, 18-20% of Cr, 1.8-2.1% of Mo, 0.2-0.5% of Nb, 0.1-0.2% of Ti, 0.4-1.5% of W, 0.04-0.1% of Ce, 0.25-0.35% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.005% of S, less than or equal to 0.01% of P, and the balance of Fe;
(2) forging the steel ingot into a plate blank, wherein the forging temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, and air-cooling to room temperature after the forging is finished;
(3) heating the air-cooled plate blank to 1150-1250 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3 h, performing hot rolling for 6-8 times, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1100-1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 800 ℃, the total reduction rate is 85-90%, and air cooling to room temperature after hot rolling is completed;
(4) annealing the air-cooled hot rolled plate at 1025-1075 ℃ for 3-8 min, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
(5) and (2) cold rolling the hot-rolled annealed plate at room temperature, wherein the total reduction rate is 75-85%, annealing treatment is carried out at 1050 ℃ after the cold rolling is finished, the annealing time is 1-3 min, and the annealed plate is air-cooled to room temperature to prepare the ferritic stainless steel plate with good high-temperature strength and forming performance.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the forged slab in the step (2) is 40 to 60 mm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hot rolling is performed at a reduction ratio of 20 to 40% per pass in the step (3).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (5) comprises a step of cold rolling at a reduction ratio of 10% or less.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ferritic stainless steel sheet having excellent high-temperature strength and formability produced in the step (5) is 1 to 2 mm.
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