CN109909642B - Brazing filler metal for brazing pick-shaped cutting tooth and brazing method for pick-shaped cutting tooth - Google Patents
Brazing filler metal for brazing pick-shaped cutting tooth and brazing method for pick-shaped cutting tooth Download PDFInfo
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- CN109909642B CN109909642B CN201910270779.1A CN201910270779A CN109909642B CN 109909642 B CN109909642 B CN 109909642B CN 201910270779 A CN201910270779 A CN 201910270779A CN 109909642 B CN109909642 B CN 109909642B
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Abstract
A brazing filler metal for brazing a pick-shaped cutting pick and a brazing method of the pick-shaped cutting pick are characterized in that the brazing filler metal comprises the following material components in percentage by mass: 12-14% of nickel, 30-32% of manganese, 3-3.5% of tin, 0.1-0.3% of rare earth and the balance of copper; the process of brazing and quenching are carried out simultaneously, secondary heating of the cutting pick material, especially secondary heating of the welding seam part, is avoided, brazing quality is guaranteed, hardness of the pick head is improved, abrasion resistance of the pick head is better, shearing strength of the welding seam is higher, toughness of the pick handle is better, and the service life of the cutting pick is longer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining cutters, in particular to brazing filler metal for brazing a pick-shaped cutting tooth and a pick-shaped cutting tooth brazing method.
Background
Coal mining machines are one of the important devices for realizing mechanization and modernization of coal mining. The coal mining machine can be divided into four types according to different working modes: firstly, a planing coal mining machine, also called a coal planer, digs a coal wall to break coal by a planing tool which moves back and forth; secondly, a sawing type coal cutter, also called a coal cutter, is mounted on a circular cutting chain so as to deeply penetrate into a coal wall for cutting coal; thirdly, drilling the coal mining machine, wherein a drill bit drills into a coal seam by virtue of cutter teeth at the edge, and then the cutter teeth at the middle part crush the coal; and fourthly, the milling type coal mining machine is provided with cutting teeth which are arranged on the roller and cut coal by rotary milling of the roller. At present, a spiral drum type coal mining machine is generally adopted, and belongs to milling type coal mining machines. The cutting teeth are key parts on the coal mining machine for directly cutting coal rocks, and most of the power of the coal mining machine is consumed by the cutting teeth.
The pick-shaped cutting pick head is conical, and the coal bed is crushed by wedging action of the pick head, and the pick-shaped cutting pick is also called a tangential cutting pick and is suitable for brittle coal beds with more cracks. The pick-type cutting pick mainly used in the prior art comprises a pick body and a pick tip, wherein the pick tip is generally made of hard alloy and has high hardness but low toughness, the pick body is generally forged by high-quality alloy structural steel, the toughness is good, and the pick tip and the pick body are combined together in a brazing mode. The failure mode of the cutting pick is mainly characterized by abrasion of the tooth head part, which causes the falling of the hard alloy tooth tip. The traditional cutting pick production process comprises the steps of brazing, quenching, and brazing and quenching are respectively carried out, so that the cutting pick is subjected to high-temperature heating twice, a tooth body material is caused to generate a Widmannstatten structure, tensile stress is generated inside a brazing welding line, and the service life of the cutting pick is seriously shortened.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a brazing filler metal for brazing a pick-shaped cutting tooth and a method for brazing the pick-shaped cutting tooth, and provides a brazing filler metal for brazing the pick-shaped cutting tooth and a brazing method. In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the brazing filler metal for the brazing of the pickaxe-shaped cutting pick comprises the following material components in percentage by mass:
12 to 14 percent of nickel, 30 to 32 percent of manganese, 3 to 3.5 percent of tin, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of rare earth and the balance of copper.
The brazing filler metal used for cutting pick production generally adopts copper-based brazing filler metal. Copper has better plasticity and corrosion resistance, but pure copper has poorer oxidation resistance, the melting point of the pure copper is 1083 ℃, the hardness of the alloy can be improved by adding nickel and manganese, the melting point of the alloy can be reduced by adding tin, the alloy grain can be refined by rare earth, the size of dendrite can be reduced, and the size of intermetallic compounds can be refined.
A pick-shaped cutting tooth brazing method of brazing filler metal for the pick-shaped cutting tooth brazing comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: calculating the total amount of the required brazing filler metal according to the size of the gap of the welding seam, and filling the powdery or granular brazing filler metal to the welding seam part;
the second step is that: putting the pick-shaped cutting tooth into a vacuum gas-cooling oil quenching furnace, vacuumizing the furnace to ensure the brazing vacuum environment, and controlling the cold state vacuum degree to be 2 x 10-2Pa below;
the third step: heating, wherein the heating rate is controlled to be 18-20 ℃/min, and in order to avoid the stress generated by overlarge temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the cutting pick material, when the temperature is raised to a preset temperature of 750-850 ℃, the temperature is preserved for 10 minutes;
the fourth step: in order to ensure that the brazing filler metal is volatilized in a less high-temperature environment, the vacuum degree is reduced to 2-3Pa, meanwhile, the temperature is further increased to 960 ℃ to reach the brazing temperature, the temperature increase rate is controlled to be 8-10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 15 minutes, and the brazing process is finished;
the fifth step: cooling, wherein the cooling rate is controlled to be 18-20 ℃/min, when the temperature is reduced to a preset temperature of between 830 ℃ and 860 ℃, the quenching temperature of the pick body material is reached, the pick-shaped cutting pick is placed into a quenching medium to complete the quenching process, meanwhile, inert gas is filled into the furnace to increase the pressure to an atmospheric pressure, and then, the furnace is opened to take out the pick-shaped cutting pick;
and a sixth step: and (3) tempering heat treatment, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 430-450 ℃, the temperature is kept for 60 minutes, then, the temperature is reduced in a gradient manner, the temperature reduction rate is controlled to be 18-20 ℃/min, and the temperature is reduced to the normal temperature, so that the heat treatment is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the process of brazing and quenching are carried out simultaneously, secondary heating of the cutting pick material, especially secondary heating of the welding seam part, is avoided, brazing quality is guaranteed, hardness of the pick head is improved, abrasion resistance of the pick head is better, shearing strength of the welding seam is higher, toughness of the pick handle is better, and the service life of the cutting pick is longer.
Drawings
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a cutting pick construction;
in the drawings: 1. tooth tip, 2, welding seam, 3, tooth head, 4, tooth handle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 and the specific embodiments.
As shown in the attached drawing 1, the pick-type cutting pick comprises a pick body and a pick tip 1, wherein the pick body comprises a pick head 3 and a pick shank 4, a welding seam 2 is arranged between the pick tip 1 and the pick shank 4, and a welding seam 2 is arranged between the pick head 3 and the pick shank 4.
The tooth tip is made of hard alloy, the material grade adopted at this time is YG11C, the tooth head is made of die steel, the material grade adopted at this time is Cr12, the tooth handle is made of alloy structural steel, and the material grade adopted at this time is 42 CrMo. The mass percentages of the chemical elements of the materials are as follows:
table 1:
the brazing solder comprises the following material components in percentage by mass:
12 to 14 percent of nickel, 30 to 32 percent of manganese, 3 to 3.5 percent of tin, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of rare earth and the balance of copper. The mass percentages of the chemical elements of the brazing filler metal are as follows:
table 2:
| wt％ | Ni％ | Mn％ | Sn％ | Re％ | Cu％ |
| 12.5 | 31.6 | 3.30 | 0.15 | balance of |
A pick-shaped cutting tooth brazing method of brazing filler metal for the pick-shaped cutting tooth brazing comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: calculating the total amount of the required brazing filler metal according to the size of the gap of the welding seam, and filling the powdery or granular brazing filler metal to the welding seam part;
the second step is that: putting the pick-shaped cutting tooth into a vacuum gas-cooling oil quenching furnace, vacuumizing the furnace to ensure the brazing vacuum environment, and controlling the cold state vacuum degree to be 2 x 10-2Pa below;
the third step: heating, wherein the heating rate is controlled to be 18-20 ℃/min, and in order to avoid the stress generated by overlarge temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the cutting pick material, when the temperature is raised to a preset temperature of 750-850 ℃, the temperature is preserved for 10 minutes;
the fourth step: in order to ensure that the brazing filler metal is volatilized in a less high-temperature environment, the vacuum degree is reduced to 2-3Pa, meanwhile, the temperature is further increased to 960 ℃ to reach the brazing temperature, the temperature increase rate is controlled to be 8-10 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 15 minutes, and the brazing process is finished;
the fifth step: cooling, wherein the cooling rate is controlled to be 18-20 ℃/min, when the temperature is reduced to a preset temperature of between 830 ℃ and 860 ℃, the quenching temperature of the pick body material is reached, the pick-shaped cutting pick is placed into a quenching medium to complete the quenching process, meanwhile, inert gas is filled into the furnace to increase the pressure to an atmospheric pressure, and then, the furnace is opened to take out the pick-shaped cutting pick;
and a sixth step: and (3) tempering heat treatment, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 430-450 ℃, the temperature is kept for 60 minutes, then, the temperature is reduced in a gradient manner, the temperature reduction rate is controlled to be 18-20 ℃/min, and the temperature is reduced to the normal temperature, so that the heat treatment is completed.
Taking out a sample, preparing 5 samples according to different positions, respectively testing the hardness, the impact toughness and the shear strength of a welding seam of a tooth body, wherein the hardness is characterized by Rockwell hardness, the impact performance test adopts a sample with a U-shaped notch, the shear strength of the welding seam, the load of instantaneous damage of the welding seam is tested, and iota is substituted into P/(pi DH), wherein iota represents the shear strength, P represents the damage load, D represents the diameter of a hard alloy head, H represents the height of the intercepted hard alloy head, and the shear strength of the welding seam is obtained, and the test results are shown in the following table:
table 3:
as can be seen from Table 3, the hardness of the pick head is greater than HRC60, according to the specification of the pick industry standard MT/T246-2006 cutting pick for mining machinery, the surface hardness of the part of the pick head is greater than HRC40, the hardness of the pick head is far greater than the hardness specified by the industry standard, and the wear resistance is better; the hardness of the tooth handle is HRC38-HRC42, the tooth handle meets the industrial standard, and the impact toughness of the tooth handle is more than 60J/cm2The requirement of the industry standard is more than or equal to 49J/cm2The tooth handle has better toughness, is not easy to brittle fracture in the using process and has longer service life; the shear strength of the welding seam is more than 370MPa, the requirement of the industry standard is not lower than 180MPa, the shear resistance of the welding seam is stronger, the tooth tip is more difficult to fall off, and the service life of the cutting pick is also prolonged.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: the hardness of the alloy can be improved by adding nickel and manganese into the brazing filler metal, the melting point of the alloy can be reduced by adding tin, alloy grains can be refined by rare earth, the size of dendrite is reduced, the size of intermetallic compounds is refined, and the strength of a welding line is improved; the melting point of the brazing filler metal is reduced, the brazing temperature is reduced, the heat influence on the tooth body material is smaller, the grain growth trend of the tooth body material is smaller, the grains of the tooth body tissue are finer, the toughness is better, the brazing and quenching processes are carried out simultaneously, the secondary heating of the cutting tooth material is avoided, and the brazing quality is higher.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the process of brazing and quenching are carried out simultaneously, secondary heating of the cutting pick material, especially secondary heating of the welding seam part, is avoided, brazing quality is guaranteed, hardness of the pick head is improved, abrasion resistance of the pick head is better, shearing strength of the welding seam is higher, toughness of the pick handle is better, and the service life of the cutting pick is longer.
The technical solutions of the present invention or similar technical solutions designed by those skilled in the art based on the teachings of the technical solutions of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A pick-shaped cutting tooth brazing method of brazing filler metal for the pick-shaped cutting tooth brazing is characterized in that the brazing filler metal comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12-14% of nickel, 30-32% of manganese, 3-3.5% of tin, 0.1-0.3% of rare earth and the balance of copper; the pickaxe-shaped cutting pick comprises a pick body and a pick tip, wherein the pick body comprises a pick head and a pick shank, a welding seam is arranged between the pick tip and the pick shank, and a welding seam is arranged between the pick head and the pick shank; the tooth tip is made of hard alloy, the grade of the adopted material is YG11C, and the components and the mass percentage of the tooth tip are as follows: WC: 89%, Co: 11 percent; the tooth head is made of die steel, the grade of the adopted material is Cr12, and the tooth head comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 2.1%, Cr: 12.2%, Mn: 0.3%, Si: 0.2%, (P + S): 0.02%, Fe: the balance; the gear handle is made of alloy structural steel, the grade of the adopted material is 42CrMo, and the gear handle comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.4%, Cr: 1.1%, Mo: 0.22%, Mn: 0.7%, Si: 0.25%, (P + S): 0.02%, Fe: the balance; the brazing method for the pickaxe-shaped cutting pick of the brazing filler metal for brazing comprises the following steps:
(1) calculating the total amount of the required brazing filler metal according to the size of the gap of the welding seam, and filling the powdery or granular brazing filler metal to the welding seam part;
(2) putting the pick-shaped cutting tooth into a vacuum gas-cooled oil quenching furnace, vacuumizing the furnace, and controlling the cold state vacuum degree to be 2 multiplied by 10-2Pa below;
(3) heating, wherein the heating rate is controlled to be 18-20 ℃/min, and when the temperature is increased to a preset temperature of 750-850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 10 minutes;
(4) reducing the vacuum degree to 2-3Pa, further heating to 960 ℃, controlling the heating rate to be 8-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes;
(5) cooling, wherein the cooling rate is controlled to be 18-20 ℃/min, when the temperature is reduced to a preset temperature of 830-860 ℃, the pickaxe-shaped cutting tooth is placed in a quenching medium to finish the quenching process, meanwhile, inert gas is filled in the furnace to be pressurized to an atmospheric pressure, and then the furnace is opened to take out the pickaxe-shaped cutting tooth;
(6) and (3) tempering heat treatment, wherein the temperature is controlled to be 430-450 ℃, the temperature is kept for 60 minutes, then, the temperature is reduced in a gradient manner, the temperature reduction rate is controlled to be 18-20 ℃/min, and the temperature is reduced to the normal temperature, so that the heat treatment is completed.
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| CN110732801B (en) * | 2019-11-05 | 2020-12-04 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Copper-nickel-manganese alloy brazing filler metal powder and preparation method thereof |
| CN111408805B (en) * | 2020-03-05 | 2021-09-17 | 西安陕鼓动力股份有限公司 | Manufacturing process method of impeller in same furnace for brazing and performance heat treatment |
| CN114932303A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-23 | 庆安集团有限公司 | High-strength stainless steel copper alloy bimetal compounding method |
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