CN109906337A - 用于储存和液化液化气体的设施、方法以及相关的运输工具 - Google Patents

用于储存和液化液化气体的设施、方法以及相关的运输工具 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109906337A
CN109906337A CN201780062863.3A CN201780062863A CN109906337A CN 109906337 A CN109906337 A CN 109906337A CN 201780062863 A CN201780062863 A CN 201780062863A CN 109906337 A CN109906337 A CN 109906337A
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China
Prior art keywords
facility
tank
liquefied gas
gas
cooling
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Granted
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CN201780062863.3A
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CN109906337B (zh
Inventor
让-马克·本哈特
法比耶娜·迪朗
塞西尔·贡德朗
韦罗尼克·格拉比
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C5/00Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/02Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
    • F17C5/04Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/0062Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0065Helium
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072Nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0077Argon
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0211Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0212Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0262Details of the cold heat exchange system
    • F25J1/0264Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
    • F25J1/0265Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/052Size large (>1000 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05Size
    • F17C2201/054Size medium (>1 m3)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011Oxygen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/014Nitrogen
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/016Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0169Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348Water cooling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0348Water cooling
    • F17C2227/0351Water cooling using seawater
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0341Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0355Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0383Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact outside the vessel
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/031Treating the boil-off by discharge
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/035Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with subcooling the liquid phase
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17CVESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00Applications
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    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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    • F25J2290/34Details about subcooling of liquids
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25JLIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract

本发明主要涉及一种用于储存和冷却液化气体、例如液化天然气的设施(1),该设施包括至少一个罐(4),该至少一个罐被配置成用于容纳该液化气体(2);封闭的冷却回路(10),该封闭的冷却回路被配置成有待被供给来自该罐(4)的处于液态的液化气体(2);至少一个注射构件(20),该至少一个注射构件配置成用于将冷却的液化气体(2)再注入到该罐中,该设施(1)的特征在于包括至少一个连接管线(31),该至少一个连接管线被配置成用于从与该设施分离且独立的至少一个远侧容器(100)重新获得冷却的气体(2)。

Description

用于储存和液化液化气体的设施、方法以及相关的运输工具
本发明涉及一种用于储存和冷却液化气体(例如,液化天然气)的设施。此外,本发明涉及一种用于储存液化气体的储存方法。
通过文件US 3302416 A已知一种用于储存液化天然气的设施,该设施在将液化天然气运输到另一个建筑物时允许储存该液化天然气。在文件US 3302416 A中披露的冷却装置包括多个压缩机、多个发动机、多个热交换器,该多个热交换器被配置成用于冷却来自罐和气体储存设施外部的至少一个制冷源的液化气体。制冷源与相对于压缩机、交换器等(形成储存设施)独立的设备相对应,允许将有限量的储存的液化气体过冷却以便能够避免在所述设施中热量增加,并且允许将过冷却的液体再注入到储存空间的多个不同的区域中以便在储存的液态气体中提供相对均匀的温度条件并且在液体表面上分层蒸气引起的扰动最小。此制冷源可以例如是气(称为循环气体)瓶形式的容器。
然而,在此文件中披露的储存设施包括许多独立部件,这些独立部件需要许多互联接口。此外,这些众多的部件形成大的缓冲容积,该缓冲容积需要在每个循环的每次启动时被填充。使用内部系统使得能够储存用于操作设施的循环气体,所述循环气体在是热的时被储存在另一个外部设备中、并且一旦变凉就被再引入到设施的回路中。
此外,在此文件中,仅强调了运输功能,没有提及液化气体的装载和卸载。事实上,此文件简单地披露了,当运输液化气体时要确保压力不增加,因此蒸发的所有东西被再液化。然而,没有提及所述气体一旦已经到达目的地时的卸载。
天然气的液化使其海运成为可能并且可行。在装运期间,在储存单元中热进入和抖振现象的影响下,通过蒸发产生大量的气体。为了控制由此产生的压力波动,这种经蒸发的气体可以用于推进或可以被火炬燃烧或可以被再液化。由于温度(热罐)和/或压力(液体的闪蒸)的原因,液体到储存单元的任何传递导致液化天然气被蒸发,在该储存单元中的压力和温度条件与原始储存单元中的压力和温度条件不同。这种情形发生在以下情况中:从供应器皿传递至客户端、在终端填充甲烷载体、在甲烷载体的空载返回航程中使储存单元制冷。
特别地,本发明的目的是完全或部分地解决前述问题。
本发明可以涉及使用尤其是在文件WO 2009/066044中披露的设施,并且其中,所有的特征通过援引结合到本申请中。该设施可以至少包括:一个低温装置,该低温装置旨在经由通过工作回路或通过封闭循环回路循环的工作流体或循环气体将热量从冷源传递至热源,工作回路包括以下串联部分:用于等温或大致等温压缩流体的部分、用于等压或大致等压冷却流体的部分、用于等温或大致等温膨胀流体的部分、以及用于等压或大致等压再加热流体的部分。压缩部分包括串联布置的至少两个压缩机、在每个压缩机的输出处布置的用于冷却压缩的流体的至少一个交换器。膨胀部分包括至少一个膨胀式涡轮和用于再加热所膨胀的流体的至少一个交换器,其中,压缩机和一个或多个膨胀式涡轮被至少一个发动机(称为高速发动机)驱动。发动机包括输出轴,该输出轴的端部中的一个端部通过直接联接来支撑并且设置旋转第一压缩机,并且该输出轴的端部中的另一个端部通过直接联接来支撑和设置旋转第二压缩机或膨胀式涡轮。
在本发明中,“高速发动机”被理解为典型地以每分钟10,000转或每分钟几万转的转速运行的发动机。而低速发动机以每分钟几千转的速度运行。
本发明的目的是一种用于储存和冷却液化气体(例如,液化天然气)的设施,该设施包括:
-至少一个罐,该至少一个罐被配置成用于容纳液化气体,所述罐包括旨在容纳处于液态的液化气体的至少一个下部区域、和旨在容纳该液化气体的蒸气的至少一个上部区域,
-至少一个封闭的冷却回路,该至少一个封闭的冷却回路被配置成有待被供给来自该罐的处于液态的液化气体,该冷却回路包括被配置成用于压缩循环气体的至少一个压缩机、至少一个发动机、至少一个涡轮、和至少一个第一热交换器,该至少一个第一热交换器被配置成用于在来自该罐的处于液态的液化气体与该循环气体、例如氮气之间产生热量交换,以便在该设施运行时冷却来自该罐的液化气体,以及
-至少一个注射部件,该至少一个注射部件经由将该冷却回路和该注射部件流体地连接的注射管道而流体地连接至该冷却回路,该注射部件被配置成用于将冷却的液化气体再注入到该罐中,
该发动机一方面机械地连接至该压缩机以便驱动该压缩机,而另一方面机械地连接至该涡轮使得该涡轮驱动该发动机,
该设施的特征在于包括至少一个连接管线,该至少一个连接管线被配置成用于从至少一个远侧容器重新获得有待冷却的液化气体,该至少一个远侧容器与该设施分离且独立,所述连接管线流体地连接至该设施的罐。
凭借设施的这种构型并且尤其由于封闭且自发的冷却回路,缓冲容积不需要储存循环气体,这减小了回路的总流体容量。事实上,在此构型中,首先执行冷却:循环气体已经在冷却回路的所有设备中处于确定的并且过设计的压力。
此外,由于冷却回路的设备之间的距离不是很大,所以此构型是紧凑的并且节省空间。这种减小的距离允许减小使用循环气体的量并且因此避免为了冷却以达到操作压力而不得不过度增加压力。此外,由于涡轮借助于发动机机械地连接至压缩机,所以该设施可以用单个压缩机操作,这减小了设施的尺寸以及冷却回路的多个不同设备之间的流体连接。
此外,连接管线允许冷却来自容器的有待冷却的液化气体,该容器与设施分离且独立。
在本申请中并且根据本发明,术语“与设施分离且独立的容器”将被理解为是指不形成设施或冷却回路的一部分的容器,例如,容器在同一艘船上、在另一艘船上或在陆地上。
此外,冷却装置在压缩机与涡轮之间不需要阀,这是由于仅仅需要控制和指挥发动机的速度,以便调节通过第一热交换器循环的冷却剂的流动。因此,设施的安装和使用特别快,这在设施必须安装在液化气体运输工具(例如,在比如甲烷运输船的船上)时是特别有利的。
当设施运行时,第一热交换器允许来自罐的液化气体经由循环气体冷却至低于容纳在罐中的液化气体温度的温度。这种冷却通常表示为“过冷却”。
根据本发明的一个特征,该设施包括连接至注射管道的至少一个旁通管道,所述旁通管道被配置成用于将一些冷却的液化气体传递至远侧容器,该远侧容器与设施分离且独立。
这允许供应至少一个分离且独立的容器以使用冷却的液化气体。
根据本发明的一个特征,供应管线与旁通管道至少部分地一致。替代性地,供应管线与旁通管道分离。
根据本发明的另一个特征,发动机直接连接至压缩机。
根据本发明的另一个特征,发动机直接连接至涡轮。
根据本发明的一个特征,设施进一步包括泵,该泵被配置成用于向冷却装置供给来自罐的处于液态的液化气体。换言之,该冷却回路流体地连接至泵。
根据本发明的一个特征,泵被安排在罐的下部区域。
根据本发明的一个特征,涡轮的输出直接流体地连接至第一热交换器。
根据本发明的一个特征,压缩机的输出间接流体地连接至第一热交换器。
根据本发明的一个特征,冷却回路进一步包括第二热交换器,该第二热交换器被配置成用于在来自压缩机的压缩的循环气体与来自涡轮的膨胀的循环气体之间产生热量交换。
根据本发明的一个特征,压缩机的输入流体地连接至涡轮的输出,除了第一热交换器和第二热交换器之外没有中间部件。
根据本发明的另一个特征,涡轮通过第一连接管道流体地连接至第一热交换器,而没有中间部件。
根据本发明的另一个特征,压缩机通过第二连接管道流体地连接至第一热交换器。
根据本发明的一个特征,冷却回路包括将发动机机械地连接至压缩机的至少一个第一连接部件、以及将发动机机械地连接至涡轮的至少一个第二连接部件。
根据本发明的另一个特征,第一连接部件包括第一转轴。
根据本发明的另一个特征,第二连接部件包括第二转轴。
根据本发明的一个特征,冷却回路被配置成基于布雷登循环(Brayton cycle)来操作。在本申请中,“布雷登循环”将被理解为是指由乔治·布雷登(George Brayton)研制的热动力循环,该热动力循环产生在本发明中称为循环气体的气体。
根据本发明的一个特征,冷却回路包括第三热交换器,该第三热交换器被配置成用于在循环气体与处于环境温度的流体(例如,水或冷却剂)之间产生热量交换,该水或冷却剂允许将来自循环气体的热量向外排出。
根据本发明的一个特征,注射部件被安排在罐的上部区域中。换言之,注射部件注射处于蒸气相(即,在处于液态的液化气体的液位之上)的冷却的液化气体。
通过变体,注射部件被安排在罐的下部区域。换言之,注射部件注射处于液相(即,处于液态的液化气体的液位之下)的冷却的液化气体。
根据本发明的一个特征,注射部件包括多个注射喷嘴,这些注射喷嘴串联和/或并联安排。
根据本发明的一个特征,冷却回路被配置成用于将来自罐的液化气体冷却至在35K与150K之间、例如等于110K或80K的温度。
根据本发明的另一个特征,冷却回路被配置成用于以在5m3/h与50m3/h之间的流速冷却将来自罐的液化气体。
根据本发明的一个特征,该罐容纳液化气体,该液化气体选自以下各项形成的组:液化天然气、或另一种富甲烷气体,例如生物甲烷、氮气、氧气、氩气及其混合物。
根据本发明的一个特征,冷却回路容纳选自下组的冷却剂,该组包括氮气、氩气、氖气、氦气及其混合物。
根据本发明的一个特征,旁通管道包括终端,该终端包括旨在连接至远侧容器的连接器。
根据本发明的一个特征,旁通管道优选地包括阀、尤其是隔离阀。
本发明的另一个目的是一种用于使用根据本发明的设施用于液化气体(例如,液化天然气)的方法,该方法至少包括以下步骤:
-经由将该至少一个罐流体地连接至该远侧容器的连接管线至少部分地接纳来自根据本发明与该设施分离且独立的容器的液化气体,该远侧容器与该设施分离且独立,
-向该冷却回路供给来自该罐的液化气体,
-借助于该冷却回路冷却来自该罐的液化气体,并且
-借助于该注射部件将所冷却的液化气体注射到该罐中。
根据本发明的一个特征,该方法包括在注射所冷却的液化气体之后进行的传递步骤,该传递步骤包括借助于设施的注射管道和旁通管道将至少一些冷却的液化气体传递至至少一个远侧容器,该至少一个远侧容器与所述设施分离且独立。
有利地,液化气体的传递可以部分或完全取决于设施的罐的数量并且取决于所需的冷却的液化气体的量。
根据本发明的一个特征,所使用的设施包括至少两个罐,这两个罐被配置成用于容纳液化气体,根据本发明的所述方法在航行期间实施,在该航行过程中罐是满的。
在交付之后,至少一个罐可以是空的(空的或几乎没有液体)。
根据本发明的一个特征,该方法包括使该设施的至少一个空罐或至少一个其他设施的一个或多个其他空容器制冷的附加步骤,该制冷步骤包括:
-将该设施的至少一个罐中剩余的冷却的液化气体传递至至少一个其他设施的一个或多个空容器;或
-将至少一个其他设施的至少一个容器中剩余的冷却的液化气体传递至该设施的至少一个空罐;或
-当该设施包括至少两个罐、这两个罐中的一个罐是空的而这两个罐中的另一个罐不是空的时,将该不空的罐中剩余的冷却的液化气体传递至该空罐。
这意味着,尤其是为了设施(在船上)的航行,而不是保持一个或多个罐是空的,液化气体从不空的罐传递至一个或多个其他空罐,尤其是为了保持它们冷却。
有利地,在卸载液化气体之后并且在随后对设施的一个或多个罐或至少一个其他设施的一个或多个容器填充之前执行此制冷步骤。
有利地,持续执行此制冷步骤以避免是罐是空的且热的并且允许平衡热负载以便限制与液化气体的最终蒸发峰值相关联的任何损耗。
因此,优点是仅在船的罐中保持能够返回航程的液体,而不考虑到达时的冷却损耗。
最后,这允许在同一船中运输到目的地的液体的量增加。
根据本发明的一个特征,在航行期间、在这些罐中的至少一个罐是空的过程中执行制冷步骤。
此外,本发明的另一个目的是一种运输工具,例如用于运输液化气体、例如液化天然气的运输船,该运输工具的特征在于包括根据本发明的设施。
上述实施例和变体可以单独获得或根据任何可能的技术组合获得。
从涉及根据本发明的实施例的以下描述中将更好地理解本发明,这些实施例通过非限制性实例提供并且参考示意性附图进行解释,在附图中:
-图1是根据本发明的第一实施例的设施的示意图;
-图2是形成图1的设施的一部分的冷却装置的示意图;
-图3是根据本发明的第一实施例的变体的设施的示意图;并且
-图4A是根据现有技术的简化的图形表示,该图形表示示出了天然气在船上随时间朝向发动机、朝向火炬并且朝向再液化系统蒸发的消耗的分布;
-图4B是根据本发明的实施例的简化的图形表示,该图形表示类似于图4A的图形表示,示出了天然气在船上随时间朝向发动机、朝向火炬并且朝向再液化系统蒸发的消耗的分布。
如图1所示,根据第一实施例的设施1包括罐4,该罐包括旨在容纳处于液态的液化气体2的下部区域4.1和旨在容纳液化气体2的蒸气的上部区域4.2。此外,设施1包括冷却回路10,具体如图2所示。优选地,冷却回路10位于罐的外部,即,液化气体(仅)在罐的外部冷却。换言之,液化气体从罐中获得、在罐的外部冷却、然后以冷却的状态再注入到罐中。冷却装置10经由穿透罐的采样管连接至罐4内部的流体。罐4装备有泵22和至少一个注射部件20,该泵允许将处于液态的液化气体带到冷却回路中以便冷却,该至少一个注射部件允许将冷却的液化气体再注入到罐4中。该注射部件包括将冷却装置(在罐的外部)连接至罐4的内部的返回管道、并且包括注射部件20。有利地,注射部件20可以包括多个喷嘴。
此外,并且如图1所示,根据设施的第一实施例,设施1包括连接管线31,该连接管线被配置成用于将有待液化的气体从与设施1分离且独立的至少一个远侧容器100传送至该设施的罐。
根据图3所示的第一实施例的变体,设施1包括将冷却回路和注射部件20流体地连接的注射管道30、和连接至注射管道30并且旨在将一些冷却的液化气体2传递至远侧容器(未示出)的至少一个旁通管道32,该远侧容器与设施1分离且独立。
例如,另一个罐4以图3中虚线示出。同一设施或另一个设施的此罐4在适用时可以经由旁通管道32和相应的注射部件20被供给液化气体。
当然,在另一个变体(未示出)中,旁通管道32和连接管线31可以安装在同一设施中。
如图2所示,并且不考虑设施1的构型,冷却回路10是封闭的且自发的、并且被配置成有待被供给来自罐4的处于液态的液化气体2。冷却回路10包括被配置成用于压缩循环气体3的至少一个压缩机12、至少一个发动机14、至少一个涡轮18、和至少一个第一热交换器16,该至少一个第一热交换器被配置成用于在液化气体2与循环气体之间产生热量交换。
如在图2中可以看到的,发动机14一方面机械地连接至压缩机12以便驱动压缩机12,而另一方面机械地连接至涡轮18使得涡轮18驱动发动机14。
冷却回路10进一步包括第二热交换器24,该第二热交换器被配置成用于在压缩的循环气体3与膨胀的循环气体3之间产生热量交换,如图2所示。
冷却回路10进一步包括第三热交换器26,该第三热交换器被配置成用于在压缩的循环气体3与水或空气或来自外部源的任何其他冷却剂之间产生热量交换。
在运载工具、尤其是船上的一个或多个罐4容纳液化天然气的情况下,蒸发的天然气可以用作运载工具的发动机的燃料并且任何过量的气体在例如火炬中燃烧。
图4A示出了针对已知设施,天然气在船上随时间(横坐标的轴线x)朝向发动机(C:带水平阴影的部分)、朝向火炬(A:带倾斜阴影的部分)并且朝向再液化系统(B:没有阴影的部分)蒸发的消耗(纵坐标的轴线y,单位为吨/天)的分布。
图4B示出了根据本发明针对设施,天然气在船上随时间(x轴)朝向发动机(C)、朝向火炬(A)并且朝向再液化系统(B)蒸发的以吨/天为单位的消耗(y轴)的分布。
可以看出,根据已知的设施(图4A),由于发动机和设施没有被设计成重新获得此气体,所以蒸发的气体的损耗保持在航行结束时。然而,在图4B中,凭借根据本发明的设施、尤其是凭借用于使罐制冷的系统,使得在航行结束时不再存在峰值,损耗最小。
当然,本发明不限于所描述的和附图中所示出的实施例。在不偏离本发明的保护范围的情况下,尤其就多个不同的元件的构造或通过替代等效技术而言,仍然可以修改。

Claims (16)

1.一种用于储存和冷却液化气体、例如液化天然气的设施(1),该设施包括:
-至少一个罐(4),该至少一个罐被配置成用于容纳液化气体(2),所述罐(4)包括旨在容纳处于液态的液化气体(2)的至少一个下部区域(4.1)、和旨在容纳该液化气体(2)的蒸气的至少一个上部区域(4.2),
-至少一个封闭的冷却回路(10),该至少一个封闭的冷却回路被配置成有待被供给来自该罐(4)的处于液态的液化气体(2),该冷却回路(10)包括被配置成用于压缩循环气体(3)的至少一个压缩机(12)、至少一个发动机(14)、至少一个涡轮(18)、和至少一个第一热交换器(16),该至少一个第一热交换器被配置成用于在来自该罐(4)的处于液态的液化气体(2)与该循环气体(3)、例如氮气之间产生热量交换,以便在该设施运行时冷却来自该罐(4)的液化气体(2),以及
-至少一个注射部件(20),该至少一个注射部件经由注射管道(30)流体地连接至该冷却回路(10),该注射部件(20)被配置成用于将冷却的液化气体(2)再注入到该罐中,
-该发动机(14)一方面机械地连接至该压缩机(12)以便驱动该压缩机(12),而另一方面机械地连接至该涡轮(18)使得该涡轮(18)驱动该发动机(14),
该设施(1)的特征在于包括至少一个连接管线(31),该至少一个连接管线被配置成用于从至少一个远侧容器(100)重新获得有待冷却的气体(2),该至少一个远侧容器与该设施分离且独立,所述连接管线(31)流体地连接至该设施的罐(4)。
2.如权利要求1所述的设施,包括至少一个旁通管道(32),该至少一个旁通管道连接至该注射管道(30),所述旁通管道被配置成用于将一些冷却的液化气体(2)传递至远侧容器,该远侧容器与该设施分离且独立。
3.如权利要求1或2中任一项所述的设施,其中,该涡轮(18)的输出直接流体地连接至该第一热交换器(16)的输入。
4.如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的设施,其中,该压缩机(12)的输出间接流体地连接至该第一热交换器(16)。
5.如权利要求1至4中任一项所述的设施,其中,该冷却回路(10)进一步包括第二热交换器(24),该第二热交换器被配置成用于在来自该压缩机(12)的压缩的循环气体(3)与来自该涡轮(18)的膨胀的循环气体(3)之间产生热量交换。
6.如权利要求5所述的设施,其中,该压缩机(12)的输入流体地连接至该涡轮(18)的输出,除了该第一热交换器(16)和该第二热交换器(24)之外没有中间部件。
7.如权利要求1至6中任一项所述的设施,其中,该冷却回路(10)包括至少一个第一连接部件和至少一个第二连接部件,该至少一个第一连接部件将该发动机(14)机械地连接至该压缩机(12),该至少一个第二连接部件将该发动机(14)机械地连接至该涡轮(18)。
8.如权利要求1至7中任一项所述的设施,其中,该冷却回路(10)包括第三热交换器(26),该第三热交换器被配置成用于在该循环气体(3)与处于环境温度的流体、例如水或冷却剂之间产生热量交换。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的设施,其中,该注射部件(20)被安排在该罐(4)的上部区域(4.2)中。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的设施,其中,该冷却回路被配置成用于将来自该罐的液化气体冷却至在35K与150K之间、例如等于110K或80K的温度。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的设施,其中,该罐(4)容纳液化气体,该液化气体选自以下各项形成的组:液化天然气、或另一种富甲烷气体,例如生物甲烷、氮气、氧气、氩气及其混合物。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的设施,其中,该冷却回路(10)容纳选自下组的冷却剂,该组包括氮气、氩气、氖气、氦气及其混合物。
13.一种用于使用如前述权利要求中任一项所述的设施用于液化气体的方法,该方法至少包括以下步骤:
-经由将该至少一个罐(4)流体地连接至该远侧容器(100)的连接管线(31)至少部分地接纳来自与该设施(1)分离且独立的容器的液化气体,该远侧容器与该设施分离且独立,
-向该冷却回路(10)供给来自该罐(4)的液化气体(2),
-借助于该冷却回路(10)冷却来自该罐(4)的液化气体(2),并且
-借助于该注射部件(20)将所冷却的液化气体(2)注射到该罐(4)中。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,包括:在注射所冷却的液化气体之后进行的传递步骤,该传递步骤包括借助于该设施的注射管道和旁通管道将至少一些冷却的液化气体传递至至少该远侧容器,该远侧容器与该设施分离且独立;或传递至另一个远侧容器,该另一个远侧容器与该设施分离且独立。
15.如权利要求14所述的方法,包括:使该设施的至少一个罐或至少一个其他设施的一个或多个其他空容器制冷的附加步骤,该制冷步骤包括:
-将该设施的至少一个罐中剩余的冷却的液化气体传递至至少一个其他设施的一个或多个空容器;或
-将至少一个其他设施的至少一个容器中剩余的冷却的液化气体传递至该设施的至少一个空罐;或
-当该设施包括至少两个罐、这两个罐中的一个罐是空的而这两个罐中的另一个罐不是空的时,将该不空的罐中剩余的冷却的液化气体传递至该空罐。
16.一种运输工具,例如用于运输液化气体、例如液化天然气的运输船,该运输工具的特征在于包括如权利要求1至12中任一项所述的设施。
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