CN109900631A - A method of identification sesame cracking resistance capsule - Google Patents
A method of identification sesame cracking resistance capsule Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of methods for identifying sesame cracking resistance capsule, comprising: (1) samples: capsule water content drops to not higher than 30% after sesame comes to the ripening period 2 weeks, and in the middle part of stem, and samples when natural cracking；Choose to be measured capsule sample of the position fruit as this plant of sesame in 5~10 of 5 sections in the middle part of the stem of every plant of sesame；(2) dry: by capsule sample to be measured, drying to constant weight at 40 DEG C~70 DEG C；(3) measure: the breach of measurement drying capsule is wide respectively, i.e. capsule cracks the distance between latter two capsule point；(4) it calculates: calculating the wide average value of the breach of the multiple capsule to be measured of every plant of sesame, which is the data for representing this plant；Every part of sesame material at least takes the average value of 3 plants of sesames to represent the data of this part of sesame material；(5) it is classified: by the cracking resistance capsule grade of the roomy small determining sesame material of breach.This method is simple and easy to do, at low cost, as a result reliably, can accurately reflect sesame cracking resistance capsule.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Crop Genetic Breeding technical fields, more particularly to the method for identification sesame cracking resistance capsule.
Background technique
Plantation is national in more than 70 extensively for sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), whole world cultivated area about 1.6 hundred million
Mu, China is one of main production country, there is more than 2000 years production histories.As traditional characteristics oil plant, sesame is rich in unsaturated fat
Acid, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin E etc. and distinctive antioxidant sesamin, sesamolin etc..Sesame seed products kind
Class has more than 600 kinds, and ground sesameseed oil, sesame paste are liked by the people deeply, is the indispensable special health food of people's high-quality life
Product.In recent years, as the living standard of our people improves, consumption figure increases year by year, have become at present global first country of consumption and
Importer, annual consumption is up to 1,500,000 tons, and a quarter of Zhan Quanqiu total output, year import volume reaches ten thousand tons of 70-90, but the country is certainly
To less than 50%.Mechanization is not yet realized in China's sesame production at present, and sesame plants the production cost still based on labor-intensive
Higher, comparative effectiveness is low, leads to area atrophy, and total output is reduced, therefore is badly in need of cracking resistance capsule suitable for mechanization Sesame Cultivar, promotees
Develop into China's sesame industry high quality.
For most sesame varieties, capsule all natural cracking and can cause shattering when full maturity, so as to cause
The sesame underproduction, split capsule it is serious will cause 50% or more production loss (Langham and Wiemers, 2002).Generation at present
99% sesame planted in boundary is all manually to harvest, since by the puzzlement for splitting capsule and shattering problem, sesame is often complete
The complete mature dry preceding bundle frame that just cuts shines, then carries out artificial threshing, cannot be allowed to as wheat after field natural maturity is dry
Directly use mechanical harvest, to consume a large amount of manpower and material resources, seriously hinder sesame production mechanization process (Kangbo,
2007).Moreover, sesame is harvested in non-full maturity, seed development not fully, will lead to the reduction of total output with
And the decline of seed quality.Nonetheless, a large amount of seeds are still had during harvest to be scattered in the soil, for second stubble crop,
The plant regenerated is competitive weeds, can the yield etc. to second stubble crop impact.
Research sesame capsule anti-crack ability must select suitable method to carry out scientific measurement, scholars to the character first
Some explorations are had been carried out to the detection method of capsule crack resistance.Langham (2004) summarizes several for identifying sesame
The method of cracking resistance capsule.One is natural laws to measure seed reserved, retains and exposes by seed when calculating normal harvest
The ratio between seed reserved after bad weather three months identifies the crack resistance of sesame variety, the good product of cracking resistance capsule
Seed reserved can reach between 65%-97% after kind being exposed to bad weather three months, but this method have it is very big
Limitation needs to retain three months in field, and is influenced very big, poor repeatability by environmental factor after plant is mature.It is another
Kind is Mechanical Method measurement seed reserved, takes sesame capsule to be put into the conical flask of 250ml, is put on reciprocating type vibrator and vibrates
10 minutes, seed reserved is calculated, the good kind reserved of cracking resistance capsule can reach 65% or more, and this method has bright than natural law
Aobvious superiority is not needed to expend the too long time, and is not influenced by environmental factor, but measurement will be to vibration every time
Frequency and amplitude are calibrated, and this method is suitable only for the sesame variety distinguishing cracking and not splitting, can not be very accurate
Reaction sesame variety cracking degree.
In the crop that other are easy cracking shattering, people also have conducted extensive research the method for identification silique cracking.
On soy, the baking oven that mature soybean pod is put into 60 DEG C is dried three hours by Funatsuki etc. (2008), passes through soybean pod
The cracking number of fruit identifies its crack resistance.Quick etc. (1974) measures its crack resistance by squeezing soybean pod using tester.
Aluminium foil is attached on soybean pod by Weeks etc. (1975), measures tractive force when pod dehiscence, is weighed by the size of tractive force
Measure the crack resistance of soybean pod.On rape, early in eighties of last century the seventies, European scholar is had begun to cracking resistance angle character
It is detected.Tomaszewski and Koczowska (1971) uses field investigation method, passes through the angle of statistics field rape rupture
Fruit number identifies the cracking resistance angle property of the kind, and Sun Chao just equal (2005) has selected the kind at cracking resistance angle also by this method.
Loof and Jonsson (1970) uses post-mortem method, and the size of sclerenchyma and thickness reflect between pericarp and folder film by inquiry
Determine the cracking resistance angle property of siliqua of oilseed rape.(2006) such as Morgan (1998), Tan little Li use method similar with soybean, pass through survey
Required tractive force judges the cracking resistance angle property of siliqua of oilseed rape when angulation fruit is cracked.Morgan etc. (1998) etc. has been used at random
Impaction, the crack resistance of the length identification siliqua of oilseed rape of time required for being ruptured by comparing 50% silique.Wen Yancheng etc.
(2008) cracking resistance angle assessment of indices has been carried out to 229 parts of rape varieties using random collision method, according to cracking resistance angle index by this
229 parts of kinds be divided into easily split angle, angle easy to crack, intermediate form, compared with cracking resistance angle, five, cracking resistance angle grade.Peng Pengfei (2009) benefit
50 parts of rape varieties are divided into opposite cracking resistance angle, cracking resistance angle, angle relatively easy to crack, angle easy to crack and osculant five with random collision method
A grade.For the method for rape and soybean identification silique cracking there are many similarity, every kind of method has respective advantage and disadvantage.Field
Investigation method is very big by such environmental effects, is only just suitble under good weather.It is more numerous with mechanical method for measuring step
It is trivial, and instrument and equipment performance there are certain requirements, need to purchase specific instrument and equipment.
The present invention is directed to establish a kind of simple and easy to do, accurate and reliable, reproducible sesame cracking resistance capsule identification method, it is
Sesame cracking resistance capsule breeding progeny and germ plasm resource cracking resistance capsule characterization and evaluation provide technical support.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the defect of the prior art, the method for identification sesame cracking resistance capsule, the party are provided
Method is simple and easy to do, and required equipment investment is less, at low cost, as a result reliably, can relatively accurately reflect sesame cracking resistance capsule.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods for identifying sesame cracking resistance capsule, and the method includes walking as follows
It is rapid:
Step 1, sampling: capsule water content drops to and is not higher than after sesame comes to the ripening period 2 weeks, and in the middle part of stem
30%, and sampled when natural cracking；Then position fruit conduct in 5~10 of 5 sections in the middle part of the stem of every plant of sesame is chosen
The capsule sample to be measured of this plant of sesame；
Step 2, drying: will the capsule sample to be measured in temperature be 40 DEG C~70 DEG C at drying to constant weight, obtain baking to be measured
Dry capsule；
Step 3, measurement: the breach for measuring drying capsule to be measured respectively is wide, i.e. capsule cracks latter two capsule point
Between distance；
Step 4 calculates: calculating the wide average value of the breach of the multiple capsule to be measured of every plant of sesame, the average value
Represent the data of this plant；The average value that every part of sesame material at least takes the breach of 3 plants of sesame capsules to be measured wide represents this part of sesame
The data of numb material；
Step 5, classification: it is roomy small according to breach, determine the cracking resistance capsule grade of sesame material, it is wide by cracking resistance according to breach
Capsule grade classification are as follows:
A, highly resistance: breach is wide≤0.7cm；
B, resisting: 0.7cm < breach is wide≤0.9cm；
C, osculant: 0.9cm < breach is wide≤1.1cm；
D, it splitting: 1.1cm < breach is wide≤1.5cm；
E, easy to crack: the wide > 1.5cm of breach.
Preferably, if the middle position fruit refer to the axil of the section simultaneously raw 3 capsules when, only take the capsule in middle position
Fruit.It should be noted that some sections have to 2 raw blades, and position fruit in 1, every axil, then position in 2 of the section
Fruit can be chosen simultaneously, can also only choose one of them；Position fruit missing is not chosen then in some sections；Choosing in a word will be simultaneously
Meet 2 conditions: (1) 5 sections being located in the middle part of stem；(2) it is located at the middle position fruit of above 5 sections.Due to the choosing of data
Select generally require it is multiple repeat choose average values it is more representative, choose every plant of sesame by a large amount of exploration discoveries of the applicant
Stem in the middle part of 5~10 of 5 sections in position fruit as the capsule sample to be measured of this plant of sesame just can accurately reflect sesame
Numb cracking resistance capsule.
Preferably, in the step 1, capsule sample to be measured is four rib types.Sesame capsule is generally four rib types, tetragonous capsule
Fruit type sesame is typically constituted from than 90% or so, is six rib types, eight rib types there are also a small number of sesame capsules.This method is primarily directed to four
Rib type sesame capsule, because four rib type sesame capsule samples are easier accurate measurement.
It should be noted that described coming to the ripening period refer to plant leaf largely fall off, middle and lower part capsule and seed
Physiological maturity color is presented (to refer to " selected sesame germplasms Description standard and data standard ", Zhang Xiurong etc., Beijing: Chinese agriculture goes out
Version society, 2007).It is described come to the ripening period 2 weeks after include come to the ripening period 2 weeks and 2 weeks or more.
Preferably, capsule water content drops to 30% or less and natural cracking in the middle part of stem in the step 1, meets simultaneously
Conditions above just can guarantee the accuracy of qualification result.As long as stem middle part capsule water content≤30% can take, equal energy
Reflection capsule really cracks state；Water content is the smaller the better, illustrates that Capsule maturity is better, only to wait until capsule water content
Nature drops to extremely low (such as 10%), needs the more long time.
Preferably, it after capsule sample being packed into kraft paper bag in the step 2, is placed in 40 in electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box
DEG C~70 DEG C at drying to constant weight.Wherein kraft paper bag plays a protective role for capsule sample.The processing of capsule sample drying
It measures again afterwards, compares the cracking feature that can more realistically reflect capsule, preferably improve the accuracy of qualification result.
Most preferably, drying temperature is 70 DEG C in the step 2.The applicant is by a large amount of experiment discovery drying temperature
When degree is using 70 DEG C, drying rate is very fast and does not influence the accuracy of qualification result.
Specifically, the constant weight in the step 2 refers to that weighing capsule weight with one thousandth balance no longer changes；After drying
Capsule hermetic bag is set before to measurement to save.
Specifically, it is measured in the step 3 using vernier caliper.The wide data sheet of breach is measured in the step 3
Position is cm, is accurate to 0.001cm.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention provides a kind of methods for identifying sesame cracking resistance capsule, and this method is simple and easy, and controllability is strong, required to set
Standby less input, at low cost, reproducible.It can relatively accurately reflect sesame cracking resistance capsule, it is not affected by environment, as a result may be used
It leans on；Technical support is provided for sesame cracking resistance capsule breeding progeny and germ plasm resource cracking resistance capsule characterization and evaluation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 be sesame capsule breach it is wide and cracking angle schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the wide variation scatter plot of different moisture content capsule breach；
Fig. 3 be capsule breach it is wide and cracking angle C1 drying before with dry after compare；Wherein, the two bar shaped generations mutually closed up
In each single plant of table the breach of 2 capsules of same capsule pair it is wide or cracking angle C1；
Fig. 4 is its each section capsule measurement index line chart of the single plant 1 of germplasm LS90；
Fig. 5 is 308 parts of wide variation distribution situations of sesame Core Germplasms capsule breach；
Fig. 6 is 308 parts of wide statistics histograms of sesame Core Germplasms capsule breach.
Specific embodiment
Experimental method in following embodiments is unless otherwise specified conventional method.Sesame material used derives from
National Sesame germplasm mid-term library.
According to " selected sesame germplasms Description standard and data standard ", (Zhang Xiurong etc., Beijing: Chinese agriculture goes out in embodiment
Version society, 2007) method measure capsule.
Embodiment 1 is suitable for the selection of Proper Sampling Period
(1) material plantation and preparation of samples
It randomly selects 2 parts and splits capsule Sesame germplasm (LS83 and LS85, capsule are four rib types) for investigating different moisture content
Capsule crack feature, to determine suitable Proper Sampling Period.It is planted in Hubei Wuchang oil plant institute base, every part of 50 row of germplasm, row
It is 2 meters long, in sesame come to the ripening period (mid-September) start to sample, take 5 health single plants of every part of germplasm, Mei Gedan daily
Position capsule in strain take that same section is opposite in the middle part of stem 2, until plant is (main after by the end of September after coming to the ripening period 2 weeks
Capsule natural cracking in the middle part of stem), each capsule marks respectively, weighs fresh weight with one thousandth balance, is packed into kraft paper bag, sets
In electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box 70 DEG C drying to constant weight.
(2) capsule measures
With vernier caliper (measuring sharp survey 605-01-II type in Kazakhstan), measurement takes the breach of each capsule wide (Fig. 1) respectively, capsule
Fruit is cracked the distance between latter two capsule point, and unit cm is accurate to 0.001cm, and it is dry to weigh capsule with one thousandth balance
Weight.
(3) comparison of Proper Sampling Period
After result of study shows that sesame comes to the ripening period, capsule water content sharply declines, taken capsule sample it is aqueous
Variation range is measured between 63.84% to 20.06%, the higher capsule of the light water content of maturity, its breach is wide smaller after drying,
With the increase of maturity, capsule water content is reduced, and breach is wide after drying is become larger by 0.322cm, maximum to 1.111cm
(Fig. 2), it will be appreciated, however, that the wide increase of breach is not when capsule water content is down to 30% or so especially 30% or less
Significantly or no longer increase, illustrates that its cracking degree has basically reached maximum, the i.e. true reflection of capsule cracking behavior, therefore, identification
The suitable Proper Sampling Period of sesame cracking resistance capsule should select after sesame comes to the ripening period 2 weeks, in the middle part of stem under capsule water content
It drops to not higher than 30%, and when natural cracking.
The selection of 2 sample treatment of embodiment
(1) material plantation and preparation of samples
It randomly selects 2 parts of capsule Sesame germplasms (LS89 and LS90, capsule are four rib types) easy to crack and carries out capsule sample difference
The comparative test of processing mode.It is planted in Hubei Wuchang oil plant institute base, every part of 20 rows, row is 2 meters long, enters maturation in sesame
After 2 weeks phases (in the middle part of stem capsule water content drop to 30% hereinafter, simultaneously natural cracking when) sampling, every part of germplasm chooses in cell
Mature consistent 5 plants of healthy plant of portion is used as 1 group, takes 7 groups altogether, each single plant takes in 2 that same section is opposite in the middle part of stem
Position capsule, each capsule mark respectively, measure (measurement index and method are as follows), are then charged into kraft paper bag, set electric heating perseverance
In warm air dry oven, 7 groups respectively at 40 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 65 DEG C, 70 DEG C drying to constant weight, survey again
Amount.
(2) capsule measurement and calculating
Measure long (the capsule base portion of capsule for taking each capsule respectively with vernier caliper (Kazakhstan amount is sharp to survey 605-01-II type)
To the length of capsule point, unit cm is accurate to 0.001cm), breach it is wide (capsule cracks the distance between latter two capsule point,
Unit is cm, is accurate to 0.001cm), and (Fig. 1, two capsule points are extremely using EXCEL2010 software calculating capsule cracking angle C1
Angle between the connecting line of capsule base portion, C1=2arcsin (1/2DW/CL)).
(3) capsule drying is not compared with drying
According to the growth characteristics of sesame, capsule (referred to as 1 capsule in position in same section is opposite in the middle part of plant stem 2
Fruit to), the result on the same day of usually blooming on the same day, growing process and growth conditions basic synchronization, thus capsule cracks
Feature also should be highly consistent, therefore, is compared with capsule to for research object in the present embodiment.As a result as shown in figure 3, capsule
The non-drying of sample words measured directly, breach is wide between 2 capsules of the same capsule pair of part single plant or cracking angle C1 is poor
Different larger, some difference is even more than 1.5 times, shows between single plant also irregular；And after the processing of capsule sample drying
(drying and processing temperature shown in Fig. 3 be 70 DEG C) measures again, compared with not drying, angle that either breach is wide or capsule cracks
C1, difference is smaller between 2 capsules of same capsule pair, and compared to more consistent between 5 plants of same germplasm.With single plant LS90-1
For capsule pair, wide non-drying measurement breach is respectively 0.600cm and 1.000cm, and breach is wide after drying becomes respectively
1.500cm and 1.600cm, numerical value is closer each other for this pair of of capsule, and closer 5 plants of average levels.Therefore, identification sesame is anti-
Splitting capsule, suitable sample treatment is preferred with drying and processing, and test error can be effectively reduced, can more realistically reflect capsule
The cracking feature of fruit improves the accuracy of qualification result, and using electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box is also more efficiently to handle
Method, it is consistent and capsule itself will not be impacted or be destroyed.
(4) exploration of drying temperature
A series of different drying temperatures (40 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 50 DEG C, 55 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 65 DEG C, 70 DEG C) are set, with germplasm
The taken capsule of each 7 groups of single plants of LS89 and LS90 is research object, detects the breach of every group of capsule sample under different drying temperatures
It is wide.As shown in Table 1, in the step 2 drying temperature be 40 DEG C~70 DEG C when, identical germplasm capsule different temperatures drying and processing it
Between the wide difference of breach it is not significant, show that different drying temperatures are not influenced on for the wide size of examination capsule sample breach.The most
Preferably, when drying temperature is 70 DEG C, drying rate is very fast, and does not influence the accuracy of qualification result.
The wide comparison of capsule breach after the processing of table 1- difference drying temperature
The determination of the best sampling point of embodiment 3
(1) material plantation and preparation of samples
Choose through many years identification excavate 5 parts with different cracking resistance capsules representative germplasm (LS78, LS83, L/85,
L/89 and L/90, capsule are four rib types), it is planted in Hubei Wuchang oil plant institute base, every part of 10 rows, row is 2 meters long, in sesame
After coming to the ripening period 2 weeks (in the middle part of stem and the above capsule water content drop to 30% hereinafter, simultaneously natural cracking when) sample, often
Part germplasm chooses in the middle part of cell mature consistent 4 plants of healthy plant, and each separately sampled label of section capsule on stem fills
Enter kraft paper bag, setting in electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box 70 DEG C, drying to constant weight.
(2) capsule measurement and calculating
Measure capsule length, the capsule of the taken each capsule of plant respectively with vernier caliper (Kazakhstan amount is sharp to survey 605-01-II type)
Width, capsule are thick, breach is wide, breach is deep, weigh pericarp weight with one thousandth balance, and calculate breach using EXCEL2010 software
The deep ratio long with capsule, pericarp the weight ratio long with capsule, and cracking angle C1 and C2 (Fig. 1).
Capsule is long (CL): the length of capsule base portion to capsule point, unit cm are accurate to 0.001cm；
Capsule is wide (CW): the width in the middle part of capsule, unit cm are accurate to 0.001cm；
Capsule thickness (CT): the thickness in the middle part of capsule, unit cm are accurate to 0.001cm；
Breach is wide (DW): capsule cracks the distance between latter two capsule point, and unit cm is accurate to 0.001cm；
Breach is deep (DD): the depth of capsule cracking, unit cm are accurate to 0.001cm；
Pericarp weight (PW): the weight of pericarp after seed is taken out in capsule drying, and unit g is accurate to 0.001g；
Breach depth/capsule is long (DD/CL): the ratio of capsule crack penetration and capsule length；
Pericarp weight/capsule is long (PW/CL): the ratio of pericarp weight and capsule length；
C1: two capsule point of angle crack to the angle between the connecting line of capsule base portion, C1=2arcsin (1/2DW/
CL)；
C2: two capsule point of angle crack to the angle between the connecting line of breach deepest point, C2=2arctan (1/2DW/
DD)。
(3) determination of best sampling point
For 5 parts of representative Sesame germplasms for examination, every part of germplasm investigation measures each section on 4 single plant stems
Capsule, even the same single plant of discovery, difference is obvious between Different node capsule, by taking the single plant 1 of germplasm LS90 as an example (Fig. 4),
Most indexs of measurement save very big to the 30th fruit section variation amplitude from the 1st fruit, especially capsule is long, breach is wide, breach depth and C1,
The indexs such as C2, but it can be seen that the capsule performance from the middle part such as the 12nd to the 19th fruit of stem section section is relatively stable.This
Rule is confirmed by further statistical analysis.(table 2, table by taking breach is wide and this two indexs of angle C1 that crack as an example
3), if measurement and calculated result average value with 5, middle part of plant stem section capsule are made comparisons, SPSS is utilized
25 software of Statistics carries out duncan's test (Duncan test), not with difference between 4 single plants of portion germplasm sampling
Significantly, and can be very good to distinguish the germplasm (table 4) of different resistances, but with every plant of whole section capsule average values or with
Other section capsule average values are made comparisons after removal 5 section of base portion and 5 section of top, between 4 single plants sampled with portion germplasm just
There are significant differences.Therefore, sampling point is best with 5 sections in the middle part of plant stem.
The wide duncan's test of breach between the identical germplasm single plant of table 2- (0.05 is horizontal)
Capsule cracking angle C1 duncan's test between the identical germplasm single plant of table 3- (0.05 is horizontal)
Table 4- duncan's test between the germplasm of sampling point using 5 sections in the middle part of stem (0.05 is horizontal)
The acquisition of the best evaluation index of embodiment 4
(1) material plantation and preparation of samples
308 parts of sesame Core Germplasms (in Wuhan energy normal growth breeding, capsule is four rib types) is randomly selected, in lake
Northern Wuchang oil plant institute base plantation, every part of 5 rows, row is 2 meters long, and (capsule is aqueous in the middle part of stem after sesame comes to the ripening period 2 weeks
Amount drop to 30% hereinafter, simultaneously natural cracking when) sampling, every part of germplasm chooses in the middle part of cell mature consistent 3 plants of healthy plant,
Each strain takes 10 capsules (middle position fruit) of 5 sections in the middle part of stem, is packed into kraft paper bag, sets in electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box
70 DEG C drying to constant weight.
(2) capsule measurement and calculating: method is the same as embodiment 3.
(3) acquisition of best evaluation index
It for 308 parts of sesame Core Germplasms for examination, is calculated by sampling and measuring, in the inapparent feelings of variance analysis difference
Under condition, every plant of 10 capsule average values represent the data of this plant, and 3 plants of average values of every part of germplasm represent the data of this germplasm, obtain
The a full set of data of 308 parts of Core Germplasms, 10 indexs carry out correlation analysis by 9.1 software of SAS, from correlation matrix
(table 5) can be seen that, there are certain correlation between each single index, illustrate that sesame cracking resistance capsule is a more complex character.
The correlation matrix of each index of table 5-
Principal component analysis (table 6) is carried out to 10 single indexs using 9.1 software of SAS.The contribution of preceding 4 overall targets
Rate is respectively 0.4165,0.2232,0.1891 and 0.0743, contribution rate 90.31% is accumulated, thus original 10 indexs
4 new overall targets independent are converted to, 90.31% information of original 10 indexs is represented.Refer to from each synthesis
It mainly includes that capsule is wide, capsule is thick and pericarp weight that mark coefficient magnitude, which can be seen that the 1st principal component,；2nd principal component mainly includes phase
Counterincision mouth width and C1；3rd principal component mainly includes that breach is deep, breach depth/capsule is long and C2；4th principal component mainly includes capsule
Long and pericarp weight/capsule is long.
The coefficient and contribution rate of each overall target of table 6-
The membership function value of every part of germplasm is calculated using EXCEL2010 software, and obtains cracking resistance capsule comprehensive evaluation value.Institute
It is as follows with formula:
The membership function value (μ value) of each overall target of every part of germplasm is acquired with formula (1), in formula, XjIndicate j-th it is comprehensive
Close index；XminIndicate the minimum value of j-th of overall target；XmaxIndicate the maximum value of j-th of overall target, in formula, WjIt indicates
Significance level of j-th of overall target in all overall targets； PjFor the contribution rate of j-th of overall target of each germplasm, according to
The index coefficient of each overall target and each single index value find out 4 overall target score value of every part of germplasm.According to formula
(1) membership function value for acquiring all overall targets of every part of germplasm, further according to each overall target contribution rate size, by formula (2)
The weight (W value) for calculating each overall target, is computed, the weight of 4 overall targets is respectively 0.4612,0.2472,
0.2094 and 0.0822.The cracking resistance capsule comprehensive evaluation value (D value) of each germplasm is calculated with formula (3).It can according to the D value of each germplasm
To the strong and weak sequence of all germplasm cracking resistance capsules progress, the smaller germplasm of D value, cracking resistance capsule is stronger.
In order to determine that cracking resistance capsule evaluates optimal parameter, cracking resistance capsule comprehensive evaluation value (D value) is made dependent variable, each list
Item index establishes optimal regression equation, i.e. D=﹣ 0.12+0.33X as independent variable2+3.21X10, X in formula2、X10Respectively breach is wide
It is long with pericarp weight/capsule, equation coefficient of determination R2=0.9048, F=1448.75, equation are extremely significant.It is wherein to refer to breach width
Target R2=0.6944, and with the R of a length of index of pericarp weight/capsule2=0.2104.Therefore, the equation shows in 10 individual events
In index, breach is wide and this long two indexs of pericarp weight/capsule have a significant impact cracking resistance capsule, moreover, this wide finger of breach
Mark is for determining that cracking resistance capsule plays most important effect.It is worth noting that, capsule cracking angle C1 is more intuitively to reflect
A Xiang Zhibiao (Fig. 1) for capsule cracking state, in conjunction with correlation analysis as a result, the wide phase relation with capsule cracking angle C1 of breach
Number is 0.8049 (table 5), and it is horizontal to reach extremely significant positive correlation, to further demonstrate that breach width can be used as evaluation sesame cracking resistance
The optimal parameter of capsule.In 308 parts of sesame Core Germplasms for examination, it is the smallest by 3 to choose cracking resistance capsule comprehensive evaluation value (D value)
Part, it compares that its breach is wide and this two indexs (table 7) of C1, is also 3 parts the smallest in matter for planting experimentally.Therefore, in a large amount of sesames
In the cracking resistance capsule identification of germplasm, it can be evaluated with this wide more reliable and easy index for being easy to measure of breach.
The smallest 3 parts of Sesame germplasms of table 7- cracking resistance capsule comprehensive evaluation value (D value)
(4) division of cracking resistance capsule grade
Optimal parameter, and the distribution situation of different cracking resistance capsule germplasm are evaluated according to sesame cracking resistance capsule determined above
Sesame cracking resistance capsule is divided into 5 grades by (Fig. 5, Fig. 6), i.e., highly resistance, anti-, osculant, split with it is easy to crack, and determine following point
Grade standard (table 8): highly resistance (breach wide≤0.7cm) resists (0.7cm < breach wide≤0.9cm), osculant (0.9cm < breach
Width≤1.1cm), (1.1cm < breach wide≤1.5cm) is split, it is (the wide > 1.5cm of breach) easy to crack.According to this grade scale, 308
In part sesame Core Germplasms, high cracking resistance capsule material has 11 parts (accounting for 3.57%), and cracking resistance capsule material has 58 parts (accounting for 18.83%), in
Between profile material have 122 parts (accounting for 39.61%), splitting capsule material has 104 parts (accounting for 33.77%), and capsule material easy to crack has 13 parts (to account for
4.22%).
Table 8- sesame cracking resistance capsule grade scale and each level resource number and accounting
(5) verifying of cracking resistance capsule grade
According to above-mentioned stage division, the identification and classification of other 2 different groups are carried out, as a result ratios at different levels are equal
Similar (being specifically shown in embodiment 5 and embodiment 6).Demonstrate the correctness and reasonability of the classification.
Application of the above-mentioned cracking resistance capsule characterization and evaluation method of embodiment 5 in 341 parts of selected sesame germplasms
1,341 parts of selected sesame germplasms (capsule is four rib types) in Wuhan energy normal growth breeding, benefit are randomly selected
With the method in embodiment 4, identified using breach width as evaluation index, specific steps are as follows:
(1) sample: (capsule water content drops to 30% hereinafter, simultaneously natural in the middle part of stem after sesame comes to the ripening period 2 weeks
When cracking) sampling, every part of mature consistent 3 plants of healthy plant of sesame material selection cell middle part, each strain takes 5 in the middle part of stem
5~10 capsules (middle position fruit) of a section；
(2) it dries: capsule sample being packed into kraft paper bag, setting in electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box 70 DEG C, drying to constant weight；
(3) measure: measured respectively with vernier caliper it is each drying capsule breach it is wide, i.e., capsule crack latter two capsule point
The distance between, unit cm is accurate to 0.001cm；
(4) it calculates: calculating the data that every plant of taken wide average value of capsule breach represents this plant, every part 3 plants of sesame material
Average value represents the data of this material.
2, the result shows that, 341 parts of selected sesame germplasms capsules are showed and are cracked to some extent, and the wide luffing of breach exists
Between 0.613~2.242, average value 1.299, the coefficient of variation 4.500.It is drawn according to the sesame cracking resistance capsule grade in embodiment 1
Minute mark is quasi-, and in 341 parts of selected sesame germplasms, each distribution of grades is as follows: 7 parts of high cracking resistance capsule (accounting for 2.05%), and 53 parts of cracking resistance capsule
(accounting for 15.54%), splits 113 parts of capsule (accounting for 33.14%) by 123 parts of osculant (accounting for 36.07%), and 45 parts of capsule easy to crack (account for
13.20%).The cracking resistance capsule identification method through the invention as a result, can the identification of precise and high efficiency distinguish Sesame germplasm money
The cracking resistance capsule in source, and evaluate and excavate out sesame cracking resistance capsule germplasm.
Application of the above-mentioned cracking resistance capsule characterization and evaluation method of embodiment 6 in 220 parts of selected sesame germplasms
1,220 parts of selected sesame germplasms (capsule is four rib types) in Wuhan energy normal growth breeding, benefit are randomly selected
With the method in embodiment 4, identified using breach width as evaluation index, specific steps are as follows:
(1) sample: (capsule water content drops to 30% hereinafter, simultaneously natural in the middle part of stem after sesame comes to the ripening period 2 weeks
When cracking) sampling, every part of mature consistent 3 plants of healthy plant of sesame material selection cell middle part, each strain takes 5 in the middle part of stem
5~10 capsules (middle position fruit) of a section；
(2) it dries: capsule sample being packed into kraft paper bag, setting in electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box 70 DEG C, drying to constant weight；
(3) measure: measured respectively with vernier caliper it is each drying capsule breach it is wide, i.e., capsule crack latter two capsule point
The distance between, unit cm is accurate to 0.001cm；
(4) it calculates: calculating the data that every plant of taken wide average value of capsule breach represents this plant, every part 3 plants of sesame material
Average value represents the data of this material.
2, the result shows that, 220 parts of selected sesame germplasms capsules are showed and are cracked to some extent, and the wide luffing of breach exists
Between 0.573~2.096, average value 1.052, the coefficient of variation 4.310.It is drawn according to the sesame cracking resistance capsule grade in embodiment 1
Minute mark is quasi-, and in 220 parts of selected sesame germplasms, each distribution of grades is as follows: 7 parts of high cracking resistance capsule (accounting for 3.18%), and 46 parts of cracking resistance capsule
(accounting for 20.91%), splits 75 parts of capsule (accounting for 34.09%), 8 parts of capsule (accounting for 3.64%) easy to crack by 84 parts of osculant (accounting for 38.18%).By
This, the cracking resistance capsule of selected sesame germplasms is distinguished in the cracking resistance capsule identification method, the identification of energy precise and high efficiency through the invention
Property, and evaluate and excavate out sesame cracking resistance capsule germplasm.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method for identifying sesame cracking resistance capsule, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps:
Step 1, sampling: capsule water content drops to not higher than 30% after sesame comes to the ripening period 2 weeks, and in the middle part of stem, and
It is sampled when natural cracking；Then position fruit is chosen in 5~10 of 5 sections in the middle part of the stem of every plant of sesame as this plant of sesame
Capsule sample to be measured；
Step 2, drying: will the capsule sample to be measured in temperature be 40 DEG C~70 DEG C at drying to constant weight, obtain capsule to be measured；
Step 3, measurement: the breach for measuring drying capsule to be measured respectively is wide, i.e., capsule cracks between latter two capsule point
Distance；
Step 4 calculates: calculating the wide average value of the breach of the multiple capsule to be measured of every plant of sesame, the average value, that is, generation
The data of this plant of table；The average value that every part of sesame material at least takes the breach of 3 plants of sesame capsules to be measured wide represents this part of sesame material
The data of material；
Step 5, classification: it is roomy small according to breach, determine the cracking resistance capsule grade of sesame material, it is wide by cracking resistance capsule according to breach
Grade classification are as follows:
A, highly resistance: breach is wide≤0.7cm；
B, resisting: 0.7cm < breach is wide≤0.9cm；
C, osculant: 0.9cm < breach is wide≤1.1cm；
D, it splitting: 1.1cm < breach is wide≤1.5cm；
E, easy to crack: the wide > 1.5cm of breach.
2. the method for identification sesame cracking resistance capsule as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the capsule to be measured in the step 1
Fruit sample is four rib types, if the middle position fruit refer to the axil of the section simultaneously raw 3 capsules when, only take middle position
Capsule.
3. the method for identification sesame cracking resistance capsule as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 1 in the middle part of stem
Capsule water content drop to 30% or hereinafter, simultaneously natural cracking when.
4. the method for identification sesame cracking resistance capsule as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that by capsule sample in the step 2
After product are packed into kraft paper bag, it is placed in electric heating constant-temperature blowing drying box that drying to constant weight at 40 DEG C~70 DEG C.
5. the method for identification sesame cracking resistance capsule as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that drying temperature in the step 2
It is 70 DEG C.
6. the method for identification sesame cracking resistance capsule as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the constant weight in the step 2 is
Finger one thousandth balance, which weighs capsule weight, no longer to be changed；Capsule hermetic bag is set to before measuring after drying to save.
7. the method for identification sesame cracking resistance capsule as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that use vernier in the step 3
Slide calliper rule measure.
8. the method for identification sesame cracking resistance capsule as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that measure breach in the step 3
Wide data unit is cm, is accurate to 0.001cm.
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