CN112268991A - Method for rapidly detecting pod shattering resistance of rape pod - Google Patents
Method for rapidly detecting pod shattering resistance of rape pod Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229930192334 Auxin Natural products 0.000 abstract description 2
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002363 auxin Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012742 biochemical analysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005070 ripening Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000009758 senescence Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000251169 Alopias vulpinus Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000011293 Brassica napus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000006008 Brassica napus var napus Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000014698 Brassica juncea var multisecta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000000385 Brassica napus var. napus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000231392 Gymnosiphon Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000002792 vascular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000219198 Brassica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000001169 Brassica oleracea var oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001674939 Caulanthus Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000023753 dehiscence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/02—Food
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for rapidly detecting the pod cracking resistance of rape pods, which discovers that the tissue structure of the slowly dehydrated pod skin is more stable in the pod ripening process, the pod senescence is slower when the seeds are ripe, the content of auxin in cells is higher, the activity of the pod intracutaneous cellulase can be inhibited, the pod cracking is reduced, and the pod water content in the ripening stage is more than 25 percent as the screening standard of the pod cracking resistance by the physiological and biochemical analysis of the materials of the easily cracked pod and the pod cracking resistance. The invention is different from the previous methods for detecting the pod shatter resistance of rape pod, such as a field investigation method, an anatomical method, a mechanical instrument identification method and the like, applies the physiological and biochemical research results, identifies the shatter resistance by the moisture content of pod peel when the seed is mature, only needs 1 minute to detect 1 sample, has high efficiency, simple and convenient operation and accurate result compared with the common method, and improves the efficiency by more than 25 times compared with the traditional identification method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a detection method, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly detecting the pod shattering resistance of rape pods.
Background
Rapeseed oil is a main edible oil in China, and the improvement of the production efficiency and the oil yield of a unit area of the rapeseed oil becomes a core topic of rape breeding. Through the joint clearance of scientific research units in China, the new rape variety is remarkably improved in the aspects of yield, oil content, disease resistance and the like, but because the pod is easy to crack when the rape is ripe, the mechanized harvesting effect of the rape is poorer compared with main crops such as rice, wheat and the like, the loss caused by pod cracking accounts for 8% -12% of the total yield of the rape seeds in a mechanized harvesting mode, if the harvesting is delayed, the yield is increased to more than 20%, and the mechanized development of the rape is limited to a certain extent. Compared with other brassica plants, the rape has smaller silique pod shatter resistance variation, and the shatter resistant rape resources are very rare. Due to the lack of suitable rape pod cracking resistance materials and a unified cracking resistance identification mode, the yield loss caused by rape pod cracking in China is still a difficulty in popularization and application of rape mechanical harvesting technology in China at present.
The pod shattering resistance is a character which is expressed only after the rape is mature, the time for selecting is short, and the determination is not easy, so that the research on the character is slow. People have long searched for the detection method of crop silique crack resistance, and methods such as field investigation, anatomy, mechanical detection and the like are created.
1. Field investigation method
In the early 60-70 s of the 20 th century, european scholars have begun to test the pod shatter resistance of rape by field observation, which mainly includes counting the number of seeds lost in a container, the ratio of direct harvest to yield cut down in advance, the number of seedlings falling in the field after harvest, counting the number of seeds falling in the field, calculating the number of shattered pods, and the like. Chinese scholars also adopt a field investigation method in the initial stage of researching the pod shattering resistance of the rapes. The wild cabbage type rape Huyou No. 17 suitable for mechanical harvest is bred by the method of counting the number of the cracked siliques in the rape field. The finger squeezing bending method is adopted by Heiitang et al to identify the dehiscence resistance of the hybrid combination of 12 Brassica napus.
The field survey identification method is simple to operate and rapid in determination, but based on eye observation and manual operation, the field survey identification method is strong in subjectivity, long in time consumption, greatly influenced by environmental conditions, poor in reliability and consistency of results, and only capable of roughly identifying varieties with large differences, so that the field survey identification method is gradually replaced by other quantitative and fine methods.
2. Dissection method
The study of the dissected silique structure by Child et al shows that the vascular bundle of the artificially synthesized anti-dehisced brassica napus strain is 40% larger than that of the control. Morgan et al found considerable variation in the distribution, location and number of vascular bundles in different lines of canola observed by scanning electron microscopy. Although the method overcomes the defects of extensive field investigation and easy influence of environmental conditions, the method can identify the difference of the crack resistance angles among varieties in a physiological deep level, but only can identify the varieties with obvious physiological structure difference, and only can carry out qualitative observation and cannot carry out quantitative detection.
3. Mechanical instrument identification method
To overcome the deficiencies of field survey and dissection methods, many scholars have attempted to test the pod shatter resistance of canola under artificially controlled temperature and humidity conditions. The method simulates the process of cracking the field rape pod under the laboratory condition, and is the fastest-developing and most practical method.
Kadkol et al identified the anti-crack ability of the silique by measuring the amount of energy required to mechanically bend the silique. Morgan et al identified the horn cracking resistance by measuring the amount of tension required to crack the horn. The two methods have the advantages of suitability for horns of various sizes and shapes, simple sample assembly and disassembly and capability of measuring a single horn, but the two methods are complicated in machinery, high in manufacturing cost and difficult to popularize in production.
Rudko et al designed a tester for pod shatter resistance and identified the pod shatter resistance of rape by measuring the external force required for the separation of cuticle and pseudomembrane. The method has the advantages that the single silique is measured without being influenced by the shape and size of the silique, the instrument is light, small and convenient to carry, the anti-crack capability of the variety can be directly obtained by connecting the sensor with the computer, but the product is protected by patent rights.
Morgan et al propose a random collision method to test and identify the anti-corner crack capability of rape. The method is that steel balls and 20 horns are placed in the same plastic container, and are vibrated at high speed on a shaking table, and the cracking resistance of the horns is judged by comparing the time required for 50 percent of the cracking of the horns. The method has the advantages of simple and quick equipment and good correlation between the identification result and the corner crack resistance of the field variety. But not for individual siliques, the resistance to cracking of the extreme materials is difficult to distinguish, and a silique cracking graph needs to be plotted. On the basis of the random collision test principle, the test method is improved by Wen Yancheng and the like, and the original one-time collision and crack angle fruit number is replaced by multiple collision and crack angle resistance indexes.
A variable-speed anti-crack angle tester suitable for a single horn is developed by Timothy and the like on the basis of a single thresher, namely, the rotating speed of the thresher is increased by gradually increasing the frequency of input current of the thresher, the current frequency when different types of the angles crack and fall grains is taken as a quantitative index for measuring the anti-crack angle capability of the varieties, and the varieties which are not cracked when the frequency of the current reaches 60Hz are the anti-crack angle varieties. The method needs a variable frequency motor, has simple equipment and easy operation, but the relation between the variable frequency motor and the field corner crack resistance is not clear.
The above methods for identifying the pod shatter resistance of rape have advantages and disadvantages, and field measurement is influenced by environmental conditions and is only applicable under climatic conditions causing significant pod shattering. A disadvantage of mechanical testing is that the correlation of the measured parameter to the crack resistance is not well defined. Therefore, a method which is more stable, has good repeatability, is accurate and reliable, is simple to operate, and is labor-saving and time-saving needs to be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a method for rapidly detecting the pod shattering resistance of rape pods.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for rapidly detecting the pod shattering resistance of rape pod comprises the following steps:
1) time of sampling
In the yellow-ripe period of rape, namely 80% of seeds in the siliques in the middle of the main flower floc of the plant are brown (black-seed rape) or yellow (yellow-seed rape) when ripe, randomly selecting 5 single plants with normal growth from each material; sampling in the field according to different batches of different materials in the early and late mature periods;
2) sampling method
Sampling is carried out in the bright afternoon, each individual plant is uniformly sampled on the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the main flower catkin, 20 healthy siliques which are normal in development, fully mature, free of damage of diseases and insects are cut, packaged by plastic bags with a proper amount of air reserved and quickly brought into a room;
3) identification method
Slightly scratching the silique with a knife, quickly removing internal seeds and linear and shell-shaped fruit pieces, leaving the silique peel, putting the silique peel into an HXS4020 automatic moisture tester for moisture determination, removing the highest and lowest values of the average values of 5 individual plants, and taking the average value to obtain the water content of the silique;
4) evaluation of resistance
And judging the crack resistance of the identified rape varieties, materials and germplasm resources according to the water content value of the peel in the mature period.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention is different from the previous methods for detecting the pod shatter resistance of rape pod, such as a field investigation method, an anatomical method, a mechanical instrument identification method and the like, applies the physiological and biochemical research results, identifies the shatter resistance by using the moisture content of the pod and the fruit skin when the seeds are mature, only needs 1 minute for detecting 1 sample, has high efficiency, simple and convenient operation and accurate result compared with the common method, and improves the efficiency by more than 25 times compared with the traditional identification method.
2. The method judges the 'anti-crack' ability by detecting the water content of the corneous pericarp when the kernel is mature, only 1 minute is needed for detecting one sample (at least 25 minutes is needed in the traditional method), the operation is simple and quick, the result is accurate and stable, and the defects of poor result accuracy and poor repeatability caused by the influence of the sample maturity and the subjective judgment of testers in the traditional method are overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the change in water content of the pericarp of rape pod during the development of rape pod;
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
A method for rapidly detecting the pod cracking resistance of rape pods finds that the pericarp tissue structure of the slowly dehydrated pods is more stable in the pod maturation process, the pods age more slowly when seeds mature, the content of auxin in cells is higher, the activity of intracutaneous incision cellulase of the pods can be inhibited, the pod cracking is reduced, and the pod water content in the mature period is more than 25 percent as the screening standard of the crack resistance through physiological and biochemical analysis of materials of the easily cracked pods and the crack resistance. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) time of sampling
In the yellow-ripe stage of rape, namely 80% of seeds in the siliques in the main flower of the plant are brown (black-seed rape) or yellow (yellow-seed rape) when ripe, 5 single plants with normal growth are randomly selected from each material. Sampling in the field according to different batches of different materials in the early and late mature periods;
2) sampling method
Sampling is carried out in the bright afternoon, each individual plant is uniformly sampled on the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the main flower catkin, 20 healthy siliques which are normal in development, fully mature, free of damage of diseases and insects are cut, packaged by plastic bags with a proper amount of air reserved and quickly brought into a room;
3) identification method
Slightly scratching the silique with a knife, quickly removing internal seeds and linear and shell-shaped fruit pieces, leaving the silique peel, putting the silique peel into an HXS4020 automatic moisture tester for moisture determination, removing the highest and lowest values of the average values of 5 individual plants, and taking the average value to obtain the water content of the silique;
4) evaluation of resistance
And judging the crack resistance of the identified rape varieties, materials and germplasm resources according to the water content value of the peel in the mature period. The classification criteria are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 rape pod shatter resistance grading Standard
| Water content of silique (%) | Corner crack resistance |
| ≧30.0 | High strength |
| 25.0～29.9 | Is stronger |
| 20.0～24.9 | Medium and high grade |
| 15.0～19.9 | Is weaker |
| ≦14.9 | Weak (weak) |
The water content change of the silique skin in the development process of the rape silique is shown in figure 1, the water content of the silique skin is not changed greatly after 7 days to 19 days of flowering, and the change range is 86.26-88.21%; from 19d to 49d after the flower, the water content is in a continuous descending trend, wherein the content of the Qingyou No. 1 is reduced from 86.23% to 70.2%, the content of the 0911 is reduced from 87.5% to 71.42%, the content of the QS115 is reduced from 86.51% to 65.56%, the content of the HP45 is reduced from 86.3% to 63.91%, and the phase is called a slow descending phase; after 49d after the flower, the moisture content of the silique peels is reduced sharply, but the reduction amplitude of different materials is different, and at 61d after the flower, the moisture content of the siliques of the crack-resistant angle materials Qingyou No. 1 and 0911 is reduced to 30.98 percent and 32.32 percent respectively, while the moisture content of the easy-crack angle materials QS115 and HP45 is only 19.63 percent and 15.12 percent, and simultaneously, the siliques begin to dry. The result shows that the crack resistance index of the material is obviously and positively correlated with the water content of the horn pericarp in the mature period and is obviously and negatively correlated with the water loss rate of the horn fruit.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A method for rapidly detecting the pod shattering resistance of rape pod is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) time of sampling
In the yellow-ripe period of rape, 80% of seeds in the siliques in the middle of the main flower floc of the plant are brown or yellow when ripe, and 5 single plants with normal growth are randomly selected from each material;
2) sampling method
Sampling is carried out in the afternoon of clear, each individual plant is uniformly sampled on the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the main flower wadding, 20 healthy siliques which are normal in development, fully mature, free of damage of diseases and insects are cut, packaged by plastic bags with a proper amount of air reserved and quickly brought into a room;
3) identification method
Lightly scratching the horny pericarp with a knife, quickly removing internal seeds and linear and shell-shaped fruit petals, leaving the horny pericarp, placing the horny pericarp into an HXS4020 automatic moisture tester for moisture determination, removing the highest and lowest values of the 5 individual plants, and taking the average value to obtain the water content of the horny fruit;
4) evaluation of resistance
And judging the crack resistance of the identified rape varieties, materials and germplasm resources according to the water content value of the peel in the mature period.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113092475A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-09 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for identifying high pod shatter resistance of rape and application |
| CN113439624A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-09-28 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Method for screening cabbage type rape varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting and application thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103344550A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-10-09 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for identifying silique shattering resistance of brassica napus |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103344550A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-10-09 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for identifying silique shattering resistance of brassica napus |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 文雁成等: "影响甘蓝型油菜角果抗裂特性的因素分析", 《中国油料作物学报》 * |
| 朱程等: "油菜抗裂角性状的研究进展", 《江苏农业科学》 * |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113092475A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-09 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | Method for identifying high pod shatter resistance of rape and application |
| CN113439624A (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-09-28 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Method for screening cabbage type rape varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting and application thereof |
| CN113439624B (en) * | 2021-08-18 | 2022-05-03 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Method for screening cabbage type rape varieties suitable for mechanical harvesting and application thereof |
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