CN1098950C - 用于涂布塑料的壁纸的原纸以及塑料涂布的壁纸 - Google Patents

用于涂布塑料的壁纸的原纸以及塑料涂布的壁纸 Download PDF

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CN1098950C
CN1098950C CN98102999A CN98102999A CN1098950C CN 1098950 C CN1098950 C CN 1098950C CN 98102999 A CN98102999 A CN 98102999A CN 98102999 A CN98102999 A CN 98102999A CN 1098950 C CN1098950 C CN 1098950C
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O·哈拉诺雅
P·赫林
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Metsa Board Oyj
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于涂布PVC基塑料的壁纸的原纸(1),所述原纸由纤维材料制成。所述原纸至少由两个纤维层(1a,1b)组成。

Description

用于涂布塑料的壁纸的原纸 以及塑料涂布的壁纸
本发明涉及用于涂布塑料的壁纸的原纸,所述原纸由纤维材料制得。另外,本发明还涉及:包含有纤维材料制得的原纸和在原纸上的塑料涂层的塑料涂布的壁纸。
壁纸通常由原纸和在该原纸顶上的涂层组成,所述壁纸的背面形成连接墙壁的表面,所述涂层用来提供印刷用的良好的基底或提供一装饰图案。印刷用的合适的涂层包括已知的涂层,例如在申请人的EP543793中披露的包含乳胶粘结剂和颜料的涂层。
作为壁纸,也使用塑料,这是因为它可用来制成不同的表面图案,它是印刷用的良好的基底,而且它还是防水的,如果壁纸例如在潮湿的环境中使用的话,这将是十分有利的。用于这种涂层常用的聚合原材料是包含合成聚合物、如可刮涂和涂布至表面上形成均匀防水塑料表面的PVC基分散体。
利用上述塑料涂布的壁纸的问题在于,通常至少需要80g/m2定量的涂层塑料材料在原纸的表面上形成防水层,因此在随后的使用过程中,将出现一些问题。特别是当用作壁纸时,由纤维素纤维组成的纸和塑料的结合还会出现问题,这是因为,特别是当纸张的反面用浆糊湿润时(这是在使用壁纸时所必须的),塑料不与原纸进行一致性的变化。对纸张质量的选择尚不能有效的消除这个问题。所述问题主要是由于纸张中纵向纤维取向所致,当纸张纤维湿润时,这将在横向造成更大的湿膨胀。在最终塑料涂布的细长条壁纸中,原纸的纵向与机器方向(纵向)一致,这要通过边缘处强烈的卷曲得到证明。
本发明的目的是最大程度地消除上述的缺点,并提供一种新颖的原纸,该原纸适于用作塑料涂布的壁纸的基材并可用例如PVC进行良好的涂布。为了实现该目的,所述原纸的特征在于,由至少两个纤维层组成。
通过将双层或多层纸用作壁纸的原纸,能使由单层纸幅制得的原纸所出现的问题大大减少,甚至于完全消除。另外,可使双层或多层纸幅具有如下的层组分,即在形成表面的层中含有合适等级的纤维,在形成背面的层中含有合适等级的纤维。
本发明的另一个目的是,提供一种塑料涂布的壁纸,在粘结至墙壁上时,该壁纸不会出现上现的缺点。为实现该目的,该塑料涂布的壁纸的主要特征在于,其原纸至少由两个纤维层组成。当该双层或多层原纸湿润时,在相互垂直方向上将变得更为均匀。
双层原纸先前已用作直接进行印刷即没有塑料涂层的壁纸的原纸。由于直接印刷的这些壁纸不会同等程度地出现如塑料涂布的壁纸的相应的问题,因此,先前一直没有注意到双层纸的有利性能。另外,双层纸已用作根据德国实用新型8600174用聚乙烯挤出涂布的壁纸的原纸,以便改善其视觉效果,该原纸的定量相对较大,约在180-230g/m2的范围内。由于在冷却时的收缩,因此,最大约30g/m2的聚乙烯薄挤出涂层可能会产生一些问题。
下面将参考附图对本发明作更详细的说明,其中:
图1示出了要涂布塑料的壁纸的原纸,
图2示出了塑料涂布的壁纸,
图3示出了原纸的第二实施方案,
图4示出了原纸的第三实施方案。
图1示出了要涂布塑料的壁纸用的、根据本发明的原纸1。该原纸由两个纤维层1a,1b组成,所述的1a和1b均由制备纸或纸板中所用的纤维素纤维组成,它们的另外的替代方案将在下面进一步地描述。原纸1是一均匀的纸,它决没有明显的层状结构以及层间的界面,而且它是通过在纸机或纸板机中制备的双层纸幅的已知工艺而形成的。层1a形成接受壁纸涂层的表面,而层1b形成反面,该反面层的背面将通过使用浆糊以已知的方式粘结至墙壁上或被壁纸复盖的另外的结构上。用已知的方式,还可在制备壁纸时对该背面进行预涂胶,由此在粘结之前只需进行弄湿,或当进行粘结时只需涂胶。
图2示出了一制成的壁纸,因此,它包括在原纸1顶上的塑料涂层2,所述涂层由紧密地复盖原纸的塑料组成。特别是,所述的基本塑料结构是一些可热变形的合成聚合物,如PVC(聚氯乙烯)。PVC或PVC基另外也表示聚氯乙烯的共聚物。虚线3表示在背面上的可能的预涂胶。以分散体形式涂布至原纸上并进行热处理之后的涂层2在原纸的平面方向以及垂直于该方向的方向上形成具有均匀结构的防水塑料层。
可对塑料层2进行各种壁纸加工过程中已知的后处理。
图1和2中的原纸由等厚度的两层组成。图3示出了其中具有不同厚度的原纸的实施方案,因此,其定量不同。形成待涂布表面的表面层1a的定量小于形成原纸背面的反面层1b的定量。因此,能根据表面性能,精确地选择表面层1a的纤维混合物和可能使用的添加剂以及纸的制备方法,表面层中的纤维可比背面使用的纤维昂贵。在选择用于反面层1b中的纤维时,还应考虑的是,在使用壁纸时该纤维将被湿润并且可能要将预涂胶涂布至其上。
在表面层1a中,可使用例如化学浆,利用半粘性油测量的该化学浆的IGT表面强度约为1.5m/s。在背面层1b中,可使用具有相应的约0.5m/s表面强度的机械浆。如果这两层之一或两层为纤维混合物的话,可对纤维的混合比进行选择,以致使在表面层中更好表面强度性能的纤维份额多于背面层。在表面层1a中化学浆的份额可以大于形成原纸的剩余部分的背部的份额,而相应地在背部中机械浆和/或损纸的份额大于表面层。另外,背面层1b中化学浆的份额可以大于与之相邻的层中的份额。
非限制性的、可能的组合物的例子包括如下:原纸A
--定量为20g/m2的化学浆表面层
--定量为70g/m2的机械浆、损纸和化学浆混合物的背面层原纸B
--定量为30g/m2的机械浆、损纸和化学浆混合物的表面层
--定量为60g/m2的机械浆、损纸和化学浆混合物的背面层。
在后者的情况下,纤维的组分可以是完全相同的,两层的不同之处只是定量不一样。
就上述的表面强度性能而言,最有益的纤维结构是,在表面层中化学浆的份额大于背面层,而相应地在背面层中机械浆和/或损纸的份额大于表面层。然而,在选择纤维或纤维混合物时,还可使用其它的标准,并且,考虑到施加至纤维层上的物质,甚至可能需要提供被纸的背面粘结的纤维层的最大的表面强度,在这种场合,各层的组分可能与上述的相反。
图4示出了其中原纸1包括有表面层1a和背面层1b的替代方案,所不同的是在这两层之间有一中间层1c,即该原纸是三层产品。另外,在这种情况下,表面层1a中所包含的化学浆可多于组成中间层1c和背面层1b(即背面)的纸中的化学浆。在对中间层1c和背面层1b进行选择时,应考虑的是,中间层1c起主体层的作用,而背面层1b将与浆糊和水接触。因此,另外也可能的是,背面层1b中的化学浆多于中间层的化学浆。
同样地,纤维层之间的定量比可改变。特别是,在下面的情况下,即由于其特殊的性能,表面层1a中使用的纤维或纤维混合物更为昂贵时,形成表面的表面层1a的定量可小于形成纸的剩余部分即背面的定量(在双层结构中为背面层1b,而在三层结构中则为中间层1c和背面层1b)。特别是在双层纸中,这些定量也可以相等,或者也可以是背面层1b的定量小于表面层1a的定量。
对上述原纸B进行抗张强度,伸长率和湿膨胀率的测试,并且对涂布纸进行卷曲试验,并将它们与如下的纸得到的结果进行比较,所述的纸由单层纤维组成,但纤维组成及定量相同。结果列于下表中。
  原纸 双层纸90g/m2    单层纸,参考试样1    单层纸,参考试样2
  定量(g/m2)     90.2     89.4     89.5
  厚度(微米)     140     140     138
  抗张强度md(kN/m)抗张强度cd(kN/m)抗张强度比值     3.71.82.0     3.91.82.3     4.11.92.2
  伸长率md(%)伸长率cd(%)     1.32.9     1.23.0     1.23.3
AMBERTEC成形分散性(%)     6.0     7.4-8.0     8.0-9.9
在纸幅中间的湿膨胀率(%)     1.1     1.3     1.5
湿润2min后,塑料(PVC)涂布的纸的边缘从水平面的卷曲(mm),     6     13     11
注:md=纵向,cd=横向,单层纸(参考试样1和2)得到的结果是最终的平均值。
所得到的低抗张强度比值表示良好的尺寸稳定性,这也与低的湿膨胀率有关。这也可通过湿膨胀试验来证明。纵向更大的伸长率和良好的成形性(成形均匀性),当进行加工即例如进行涂布时,可赋予原纸更佳的加工性能。成形分散性(小规模的定量波动)低,表明纸张的材料技术性能均匀,相应地具有良好的加工性和低的损坏性。
与成形的因素无关,双层或多层纸的总的优点是:由于层状结构所致的更好的刚性。
原纸的定量可以进行改变,该定量可不同于上述实施例中给出的90g/m2。各层的总定量可从80-180g/m2之间改变,优选从80-120g/m2
通过制备双层或多层纸幅常用的方法,结合两层或多层独立的浆流,在纸板机中制得原纸。
实际上,例如可用多层网前箱进行制备,其中各浆流在低浓度时结合,但优选将两股或多股相当稀的浆流单独地从其网前箱通至其独立的脱水成形器上,并且在压榨部之前,在干物质含量低于25%优选低于20%时,将由这些浆流形成的纤维层结合在一起,已知通过使用相对更大的水含量,可更为容易地获得良好的成形即小的成形偏差,以及低的纤维取向率。
所得到的原纸还可进一步地用已知的涂布机进行加工,在涂布机中,用防水塑料层,最常用的是定量通常至少80g/m2,常常约100g/m2的PVC层,对原纸进行涂布。因此,得到了用于印刷的图2的壁纸。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于涂布PVC基塑料的壁纸的原纸(1),所述原纸由纤维材料制备,其特征在于,原纸由至少两个纤维层(1a和1b)组成,原纸的总定量为80g/m2-120g/m2
2.根据权利要求1的原纸,其特征在于,纤维层(1a和1b)的纤维组分各不相同。
3.根据权利要求2的原纸,其特征在于,在表面层(1a)中化学浆的份额大于形成原纸的剩余部分的背部的份额,而相应地在背部中机械浆和/或损纸的份额大于表面层。
4.根据权利要求2的原纸,其特征在于,背面层(1b)中化学浆的份额大于与之相邻的层中的份额。
5.根据权利要求4的原纸,其特征在于,所述与背面层(1b)相邻的层为中间层(1c)或表面层(1a)。
6.一种塑料涂布的壁纸,包括由纤维材料制备的原纸(1)和以分散体的形式分布在原纸顶面上且形成均匀防水塑料表面的塑料涂层(2),其特征在于,原纸由至少两个纤维层(1a,1b)组成,原纸的定量为80g/m2-120g/m2
7.根据权利要求6的壁纸,其特征在于,所述塑料涂层(2)为PVC基涂层。
8.根据权利要求6的壁纸,其特征在于,原纸的纤维层(1a,1b)的组成各不相同。
9.根据权利要求8的壁纸,其特征在于,在表面层(1a)中化学浆的份额大于形成原纸的剩余部分的背部的份额,而相应地在背部中机械浆和/或损纸的份额大于表面层。
10.根据权利要求8的壁纸,其特征在于,背面层(1b)中化学浆的份额大于与之相邻的层。
11.根据权利要求10的壁纸,其特征在于,与背面层(1b)相邻的层为中间层(1c)或表面层(1a)。
CN98102999A 1997-06-16 1998-06-16 用于涂布塑料的壁纸的原纸以及塑料涂布的壁纸 Expired - Fee Related CN1098950C (zh)

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CN100439598C (zh) * 2003-06-16 2008-12-03 王子不织布株式会社 壁纸及其制造方法
JP2006022602A (ja) * 2004-07-09 2006-01-26 Ryoichi Kitamura 保護材及び置敷タイル
JP5361494B2 (ja) * 2008-03-31 2013-12-04 日本製紙株式会社 壁紙用裏打ち紙
CN105821713B (zh) * 2016-03-16 2018-02-02 黄山佳仕居装饰材料有限公司 一种立体浮雕pvc壁纸的生产方法
US11479918B2 (en) * 2018-05-31 2022-10-25 Jsc Veika Composite PVC-free sheet for a wallcovering with improved application on the wall properties

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DE19530508A1 (de) * 1995-08-18 1997-02-20 Forst Profi Baudekor Gmbh Tapete mit einer Sichtseitenschicht aus Polyethylen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
CN1180117A (zh) * 1996-10-11 1998-04-29 张新海 纸质墙纸

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FI111139B (fi) 2003-06-13
EP0886006A2 (en) 1998-12-23
CA2237656C (en) 2007-08-28
TW561215B (en) 2003-11-11
CN1205376A (zh) 1999-01-20
RU2146737C1 (ru) 2000-03-20
EP0886006A3 (en) 2000-01-26

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