CN109887616A - Coolant-free first wall part of fusion reactor based on heat conduction of carbon nano tube - Google Patents

Coolant-free first wall part of fusion reactor based on heat conduction of carbon nano tube Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109887616A
CN109887616A CN201910119198.8A CN201910119198A CN109887616A CN 109887616 A CN109887616 A CN 109887616A CN 201910119198 A CN201910119198 A CN 201910119198A CN 109887616 A CN109887616 A CN 109887616A
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support construction
wall
coolant
carbon nanotube
cover plate
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CN201910119198.8A
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CN109887616B (en
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吕中良
陈忠
赵子甲
马燕云
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National University of Defense Technology
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National University of Defense Technology
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/10Nuclear fusion reactors

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  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a first wall part of a non-coolant fusion reactor based on carbon nanotube heat conduction, which comprises a first wall part supporting structure, wherein a high-temperature corrosion resistant coating is coated on one surface of the first wall part supporting structure facing plasma radiation, a heat conduction component is distributed in the first wall part supporting structure, and the heat conduction component is composed of carbon nanotubes. The invention adopts the heat conducting component composed of the carbon nano tube, and the heat conducting performance is superior to the prior gaseous or liquid coolants due to the higher heat conductivity; meanwhile, the deuterium-tritium fusion reactor has better mechanical properties and does not need a coolant, so that the stress overpressure accident caused by the loss of the traditional gaseous or liquid coolant can be avoided, the safety of the first wall is enhanced, the deuterium-tritium fusion reactor can be applied to plasma-oriented parts of the deuterium-tritium fusion reactor, and the deuterium-tritium fusion reactor has important engineering application value.

Description

It is a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube
Technical field
The invention belongs to fusion reactor technical fields, and in particular to a kind of poly- based on the thermally conductive no coolant of carbon nanotube Become the first wall components of heap.
Background technique
Inexhaustible with fuel for solving following energy, the controlled nuclear fusion with the characteristics of production is efficient and clean is People place hopes on a maximum research field.Since 20th century the fifties, in World Developed Countries and a small number of development Country has all put into a large amount of man power and materials, has successively built big small-scale more than the 200 a tokamak devices and one not waited A little stellarator, laser-ignition units etc..China formally starts Chinese fusion engineering reality in Hefei ,Anhui on December 5th, 2017 The engineering design of heap (CFETR) project is tested, and plans to realize the construction of fusion power demonstration reactor in the middle of this century, it is presently relevant Unit is carrying out the correlation engineering design of Chinese fusion engineering experiment heap.For Tokamak type nuclear fusion device, face It is usually disposed with the first wall to plasma side, effect is subject to the hot-fluid radiated from core plasma and protects poly- Become heap covering and the other components of internal vacuum chamber to irradiate from high-strength hot load impact and high-energy neutron.First wall usually by First wall coating (Armor) and first wall support construction two parts are constituted, as plasma facing material, it is desirable that anti-plasma is rotten Erosion, high mechanical strength, heat shock resistance, the features such as deflation rate is low, adsorbing contaminant lacks even density.Tungsten due to high-melting-point, Having the features such as low rate of corrosion in plasma thus is considered as the important of optimal desired following fusion reactor the first wall coating Candidate material, current first wall coating are designed mainly around tungsten coating.
Due to the first wall need bear to generate in high density hot-fluid and self structure from core plasma it is a large amount of Nuclear heat, in order to reduce the first wall thermal stress, the structure temperature of the first wall should be as low as possible, but the first wall is directly facing plasma Body, bears that heat load is maximum, at present the first designed wall mainly arranged in the structure at tungsten coating rear along in face of it is equal from Daughter pole is to the coolant flow channels such as evenly distributed U-shaped helium or water, for cooling down and taking away the excess energy occurred on the first wall Deposition.But the liquid coolants such as helium or water are heat convections, need to be connected with a coolant flux distribution header, pass through Header distributes the flow velocity and flow of coolant, realizes the cooling of the first wall, more demanding to the cooling capacity of helium or water, at present The first wall design helium gas cooling agent pressure be 8Mpa, the coolant pressure of water is 15Mpa, lost if coolant flow occurs, The super high pressure accident that will cause the first wall directly affects the application of the safety and fusion energy of fusion reactor component behind the first wall.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of avoidable Conventional gaseous or liquid coolant forfeiture to cause Stress super high pressure accident, with high security, heat conduction efficiency is high, and mechanics have a safety feature it is thermally conductive based on carbon nanotube Without the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor.
To solve this problem, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is that:
It is a kind of to be tied based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube, including the support of the first wall components Structure, the first wall components support construction are being coated with high-temperature corrosion resistance coating towards plasma resonance on one side, and described It is laid in one wall components support construction and deposits hot thermally conductive of nuclear heat and plasma resonance in the first wall components for guiding Component, the heat conduction member are made of carbon nanotube.
Further, the first wall components support construction includes support construction antetheca, support construction rear wall, support construction Upper cover plate and support construction lower cover plate, the support construction antetheca, support construction rear wall are before towards plasma resonance direction After be arranged in parallel, spacing 1-1.5cm, the support construction upper cover plate and support construction lower cover plate cover set front and back is parallel respectively The top and bottom for two parallel wall surfaces that the support construction antetheca and support construction rear wall set are formed, the support construction It is being used for for 1-1.5cm wide that antetheca, support construction rear wall, support construction upper cover plate and support construction lower cover plate, which form parallel spacing, The cavity of heat conduction member is accommodated, the support construction antetheca is the wall surface towards plasma resonance, towards plasma spoke The surface penetrated is coated with high-temperature corrosion resistance coating.
Further, the heat conduction member is formed by the parallel close-packed arrays of several carbon nanotubes, the size after arrangement It is adapted with cavity size.
Further, it is vacuum environment in the cavity for accommodating heat conduction member, lays by carbon nanotube close-packed arrays shape At heat conduction member.
Further, two free ends of the every carbon nanotube are connected with thermoelectric conversion device or heat exchanger.
Further, the high-temperature corrosion resistance coating is tungsten coating.
Further, the support construction antetheca, support construction rear wall, support construction upper cover plate and support construction lower cover plate For U-shaped structure plate, the high-temperature corrosion resistance coating is coated in the U-shaped structure board bottom portion of support construction antetheca towards plasma resonance One side, the support construction upper cover plate and support construction lower cover plate are covered respectively before the support construction disposed in parallel of front and back The top and bottom for two wall surfaces that wall and support construction rear wall are formed, the support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32, The cavity for the receiving heat conduction member that support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34 are formed is U-shaped.
Further, every piece carbon nanotube of the heat conduction member 2 in U-shaped arrangement of cavities, heat conduction member 2 is along the first wall The U-shaped structure of component support construction 3 is circumferentially disposed, and the free end of every carbon nanotube is in U-shaped first wall components support construction 3 Two side walls end is connected with thermoelectric conversion device or heat exchanger.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1, the present invention is a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube, using by carbon nanotube The heat conduction member of composition, carbon nanotube is due to thermal conductivity with higher, and at normal temperatures and pressures, thermal coefficient reaches as high as 6000W/mK, heat transfer property is better than coolants such as current gaseous states or liquid;
2, since carbon nanotube has preferable mechanical characteristic, intensity is 100 times of steel, and tensile strength can reach 200GPa, can avoid Conventional gaseous or liquid coolant loses caused stress super high pressure accident, enhance heat-machine of the first wall Tool safety;
3, since carbon nanotube is as carbon-based material, Fusion Neutron is absorbed smaller, single-root carbon nano-tube diameter only has 2~ 20nm, several carbon nanotubes are disposed closely in the first wall support construction, can replace traditional coolant flow passages such as helium or water, Simultaneously because its good mechanical characteristic, reduces the steel usage amount in the first wall construction, reduce the absorption of Fusion Neutron, increases Fusion Neutron has been added to utilize economy;
4, Conventional gaseous or liquid coolant are replaced using carbon nanotube is cooling, traditional coolant flux distribution connection can be reduced The setting of case, to realize that the cladding feature of fusion reactor energy utilization has striven for more spaces, conducive to the design of covering associated components And the utilization of fusion energy.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the first wall components sectional structure chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the first wall components 3 dimensional drawing of the invention.
Fig. 3 is heat conduction member structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is single-root carbon nano-tube structure chart of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the first wall components of the invention and other component installations diagram.
Specific embodiment
It is a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube that Fig. 1 to Fig. 5 shows the present invention A kind of specific embodiment, first wall components include the first wall components support construction 3, and the first wall components support construction 3 exists It is coated with high-temperature corrosion resistance coating 1 on one side towards plasma resonance, is laid in the first wall components support construction 3 useful In guiding the heat conduction member 2 for depositing nuclear heat and plasma resonance heat in the first wall components, the heat conduction member 2 is by carbon nanotube Composition.Due to the superpower conductive force of carbon nanotube, at normal temperatures and pressures, thermal coefficient reaches as high as 6000W/mK, can replace Conventional gaseous or liquid coolant, and can avoid stress super high pressure accident caused by Conventional gaseous or liquid coolant forfeiture, increase Strong heat-mechanical safety of first wall.Additionally due to carbon nanotube mechanical property is preferable, intensity is 100 times of steel, tension Intensity can reach 200GPa, and the diameter of single-root carbon nano-tube only has 2~20nm, and several carbon nanotubes are arranged in the first wall portion In part support construction 3, instead of coolant flow passages such as traditional helium or water, structural steel content in the first wall is reduced, to reduce poly- The absorption for becoming neutron increases Fusion Neutron and utilizes economy.Conventional gaseous or liquid are replaced using carbon nanotube is cooling simultaneously Coolant can reduce the setting of traditional coolant flux distribution header, to realize that the cladding feature of fusion reactor energy utilization is striven for More spaces, conducive to the design of covering associated components and the utilization of fusion energy.Carbon nano-tube material is considered as graphene Lamella crimps, and as monodimension nanometer material, has good mechanics, electricity and chemical property, pyroconductivity is high, can be used as A kind of novel heat conducting material in fusion reactor, a kind of thermally conductive no coolant convective heat transfer of carbon nanotube that this patent is proposed The first wall of fusion reactor have no document report.
In the present embodiment, the first wall components support construction 3 include support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32, Support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34, the support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32 towards etc. It is arranged in parallel before and after gas ions radiation direction, spacing 1-1.5cm, the support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34 cover two parallel wall surfaces formed in the front and back support construction antetheca 31 disposed in parallel with support construction rear wall 32 respectively Top and bottom, the support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32, support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover It is 1-1.5cm wide for accommodating the cavity of heat conduction member 2 that plate 34, which forms parallel spacing, the support construction antetheca 31 be towards The wall surface of plasma resonance, the surface towards plasma resonance are coated with high-temperature corrosion resistance coating 1.Support construction antetheca 31, the thickness of support construction rear wall 32, support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34 is about 5mm or so, support knot It is placed in parallel before and after structure antetheca 31 and support construction rear wall 32, after heat conduction member 2 is placed in centre, then in support construction antetheca 31 Support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34 are covered with the upper and lower ends of support construction rear wall 32, it is thermally conductive for closing Component 2.
In the present embodiment, the heat conduction member 2 is formed by the parallel close-packed arrays of several carbon nanotubes, the ruler after arrangement It is very little to be adapted with cavity size.Since carbon nanotube is considered as one-dimensional cylindricality nanometer material made of being crimped as graphene sheet layer Material, the diameter of single-root carbon nano-tube only have 2~20nm, and heat conduction member 2 is formed by the parallel close-packed arrays of a large amount of carbon nanotubes, wide Degree is 1-1.5cm, and shape matches with the cavity structure in support construction 3, and heat conduction member 2 is laid in the first wall components support knot In cavity in structure 3, since the first wall components are directly facing plasma, heat load maximum is born, in high-temperature corrosion resistance coating 1 Several carbon nanotubes arranged in the first wall support construction 3 afterwards, so that the refrigeration effect on unit area reaches maximum, it is cold But effect is more preferable.Since the heat conduction member 2 in support construction 3 reduces for the coolant flow channel for using traditional coolant The usage amount of steel in first wall components, reduces the absorption of Fusion Neutron, increases Fusion Neutron and utilizes economy.
It is vacuum environment in the cavity of the receiving heat conduction member 2 in the first wall components support construction 3 in the present embodiment, The heat conduction member 2 formed by carbon nanotube arrangement is laid, pyrocarbon atoms can be effectively prevented in vacuum environment.
In the present embodiment, two free ends of every carbon nanotube are connected with thermoelectric conversion device or heat exchanger, realize The Conversion and Utilization of fusion energy.Since the pyroconductivity of carbon nanotube is high, by the heat of absorption be transmitted to thermoelectric conversion device or After heat exchanger, the nuclear heat deposited on the first wall and plasma resonance heat are reduced rapidly.
In the present embodiment, the support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32, support construction upper cover plate 33 and support knot Structure lower cover plate 34 is U-shaped structure plate, the high-temperature corrosion resistance coating be coated in the U-shaped structure board bottom portion of support construction antetheca 31 towards The one side of plasma resonance, the support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34 cover be arranged in parallel in front and back respectively The support construction antetheca 31 and support construction rear wall 32 top and bottom, the support construction antetheca 31, support construction It is U-shaped that rear wall 32, support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34, which form and accommodate the cavity of heat conduction member 2,.It is described resistance to High temperature corrosion coating 1 is tungsten coating, and the bottom for being coated in U-shaped structure is directly facing the one side of plasma section.Tungsten is due to having height Fusing point has the features such as low rate of corrosion in plasma thus is considered as most promising following fusion reactor the first wall coating Important candidate material.
In the present embodiment, the support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32, support construction upper cover plate 33 and support knot Structure lower cover plate 34 formed receiving heat conduction member cavity be it is U-shaped, U-shaped cavity structure be conducive to heat conduction member 2 connect with heat exchanger, Be also beneficial to combine with cladding feature, every piece carbon nanotube of the heat conduction member 2 in U-shaped arrangement of cavities, heat conduction member 2 from By holding the two side walls end in U-shaped structure to be connected with thermoelectric conversion device or heat exchanger.Every carbon in the heat conduction member Nanotube is circumferentially disposed along the U-shaped structure of support construction 3, two free ends of every carbon nanotube and thermoelectric conversion device or changes Hot device is connected.
In the present embodiment, the material of the first wall support construction 3 is low activation ferrite/martensite (RAFM) Steel material.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment, All technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art For those of ordinary skill, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should be regarded as protection of the invention Range.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube, it is characterised in that: including the first wall portion Part support construction 3, the first wall components support construction 3 are applied in the high-temperature corrosion resistance that is coated on one side towards plasma resonance Layer 1 is laid in the first wall components support construction 3 for guiding deposition nuclear heat and plasma resonance in the first wall components The heat conduction member 2 of heat, the heat conduction member 2 are made of carbon nanotube.
2. it is according to claim 1 a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube, it is special Sign is: the first wall components support construction 3 includes support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32, support construction upper cover Plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34, the support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32 are towards plasma resonance side It is arranged in parallel forwards, backwards, spacing 1-1.5cm, the support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34 distinguish Gai Qian The top and bottom for two parallel wall surfaces that the support construction antetheca 31 disposed in parallel is formed with support construction rear wall 32 afterwards, The support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32, support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34 form parallel Spacing is 1-1.5cm wide for accommodating the cavity of heat conduction member 2, and the support construction antetheca 31 is towards plasma resonance Wall surface, the surface towards plasma resonance is coated with high-temperature corrosion resistance coating 1.
3. it is according to claim 2 a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube, it is special Sign is: the heat conduction member 2 is formed by the parallel close-packed arrays of several carbon nanotubes, the size and cavity size after arrangement It is adapted.
4. it is according to claim 3 a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube, it is special Sign is: being vacuum environment in the cavity for accommodating heat conduction member 2.
5. it is according to claim 3 a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube, it is special Sign is: two free ends of the every carbon nanotube are connected with thermoelectric conversion device or heat exchanger.
6. it is according to claim 1 a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube, it is special Sign is: the high-temperature corrosion resistance coating 1 is tungsten coating.
7. according to any one of claim 1 to 6 a kind of based on the thermally conductive no coolant fusion reactor first of carbon nanotube Wall components, it is characterised in that: the support construction antetheca 31, support construction rear wall 32, support construction upper cover plate 33 and support knot Structure lower cover plate 34 is U-shaped structure plate, the high-temperature corrosion resistance coating be coated in the U-shaped structure board bottom portion of support construction antetheca 31 towards The one side of plasma resonance, the support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34 cover be arranged in parallel in front and back respectively The support construction antetheca 31 and support construction rear wall 32 top and bottom, the support construction antetheca 31, support construction It is U-shaped that rear wall 32, support construction upper cover plate 33 and support construction lower cover plate 34, which form and accommodate the cavity of heat conduction member 2,.
8. it is according to claim 7 a kind of based on thermally conductive no the first wall components of coolant fusion reactor of carbon nanotube, it is special Sign is: every piece carbon nanotube of the heat conduction member 2 in U-shaped arrangement of cavities, heat conduction member 2 is supported along the first wall components and is tied The U-shaped structure of structure 3 is circumferentially disposed, and the free end of every carbon nanotube is at the two side walls end of U-shaped first wall components support construction 3 End is connected with thermoelectric conversion device or heat exchanger.
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