CN109883923B - Device and method for evaluating concrete durability under action of wick effect - Google Patents
Device and method for evaluating concrete durability under action of wick effect Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A device and a method for evaluating the durability of concrete under the action of a wick effect comprise a frame, a workbench arranged on the frame and a plurality of independent test piece clamping devices fixed on the workbench, the test piece clamping device comprises a solution tank, a vacuum tank and a fixing piece, wherein the solution tank and the vacuum tank are arranged at two ends of the test piece side by side, the fixing piece is used for clamping the test piece between the solution tank and the vacuum tank, openings smaller than the projection size of the end face of the test piece are arranged on the positions of the solution box and the vacuum box corresponding to the end face of the test piece, the interiors of the solution box and the vacuum box are communicated with the test piece through the openings, sealing elements for sealing the contact surface of the test piece and the opening are arranged on the solution tank and the vacuum tank, a liquid injection port communicated with the solution tank is arranged at the top of the solution tank, a vertically arranged graduated tube with a sealing plug can be placed at the liquid injection port, and a vacuum pumping port connected with a vacuum pump is arranged on the vacuum box. The invention has simple and reasonable structure, simple operation steps and convenient installation and debugging and is suitable for industrial production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water or salt permeability corrosion resistance in concrete durability research, and particularly relates to a device and a method for evaluating concrete durability under the action of a wick effect.
Background
When the concrete is located in soil or groundwater in which sulfate or chloride salts are dissolved, the concrete is damaged by the erosion of the salts, and the damage degree of the concrete depends on the content of the salts permeating into the concrete. The existing research shows that the half-soaking damage degree in the concrete salt erosion damage is far larger than the full-soaking damage, and actually, the salt enters the concrete under the action of the wick effect under the half-soaking condition. Underground water in western regions of China is rich in a large amount of sulfate and chloride, and railway tunnel lining concrete in the underground water is damaged by corrosion, peeling, corrosion, layer falling and the like of reinforcing steel bars under the acceleration action of pressure water (particularly a negative pressure region can be formed in a tunnel when a train runs at high speed), so that great hidden danger is brought to safe operation of the tunnel. The tunnel pressure water effect is actually another form of action of the wick effect compared to the half-soak. When high-speed railway traveles in the tunnel, can lead to forming great negative pressure in the tunnel, under the wick effect that contains the negative pressure, can accelerate groundwater from interior to infiltration in the lining concrete, if groundwater contains erosion medium such as sulphate, chlorine salt, will aggravate the erosion destruction of lining concrete. The existing research shows that negative pressure of-3 to-5 kPa can be formed in the tunnel of the high-speed railway, and when two vehicles meet in the tunnel, the negative pressure can be as high as-8 kPa.
The method comprises the following steps that firstly, in the step-by-step pressurization method or the water seepage height method, the maximum pressure of a test piece is near 1.0MPa and is far greater than the maximum negative pressure value in the actual working environment of tunnel lining concrete and concrete in a semi-soaking state, and the difference between the maximum negative pressure value and the actual engineering environment is larger; secondly, along with the development of high performance of concrete, the impermeability of high performance concrete is generally low, and the test piece size thickness of the traditional test method is 150mm, so that the test period is long, and even the impermeability condition occurs. The current concrete impermeability test method cannot really reflect the characteristics of concrete water resistance or salt solution permeation and erosion under the action of a wick effect, so a test method and a test device suitable for evaluating the concrete water resistance or salt solution permeation performance under the action of the wick effect are urgently needed to be researched to evaluate the concrete water resistance or salt solution erosion resistance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for evaluating the durability of concrete under a wick effect on the basis of simulating the erosion of sulfate and chloride of the concrete under the wick effect, and the device and the method are used for simulating the impermeability of mixed soil to erosion media such as sulfate, chloride and the like in soil and water environment under the wick effect so as to more accurately and objectively evaluate the impermeability of the concrete under the wick effect.
A concrete durability evaluation device under the action of a wick effect comprises a rack 5, a workbench 10 installed on the rack 5 and a plurality of independent test piece clamping devices 9 fixed on the workbench 10, wherein each test piece clamping device 9 comprises a solution box 91 and a vacuum box 92 which are arranged at two ends of a test piece side by side and a fixing piece for clamping the test piece between the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92, openings smaller than the projection size of the end surface of the test piece are arranged on the positions corresponding to the end surface of the test piece of the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92, sealing pieces are arranged on the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92, the sealing pieces are preferably sealing rings, the sealing rings enable the openings to be sealed by the test piece after the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92 clamp the test piece, a liquid injection port communicated with the solution box 91 is arranged at the top of the solution box 91, a sealing plug for sealing the liquid injection port is arranged in the liquid injection port, and a graduated tube is, and a vacuum pumping port connected with a vacuum pump is arranged on the vacuum box 92.
Furthermore, the bottom of the frame 5 is provided with a travelling wheel which is convenient to move.
Further, the vacuum pump 1 is connected with the vacuum box 92 of each test piece clamping device 9 through a pneumatic quick connector sequentially through an electromagnetic valve 3, a vacuum tube 4 and a ball valve control switch 6.
Further, the top of solution tank 91 is equipped with annotates the liquid mouth, it is equipped with in the liquid mouth to annotate sealedly annotate the sealing plug of liquid mouth, the scale pipe passes through the sealing plug to be fixed annotate the liquid mouthful intraoral.
Further, the fixing members are butterfly bolts, and a plurality of butterfly bolts are disposed between the solution tank 91 and the vacuum tank 92 to connect the solution tank 91 and the vacuum tank 92.
Further, the wall thickness of the solution tank 91 and the vacuum tank 92 is not less than 10 mm.
Further, the solution tank 91 and the vacuum tank 92 are made of transparent acrylic plates.
Further, articulated on the workstation have the protection casing 8 that can seal the workstation, be equipped with the protection casing handle 7 that conveniently opens and close the protection casing on the protection casing 8.
Furthermore, grooves for installing O-ring seals are arranged on the outer rings of the openings of the outer sides of the solution tank 91 and the vacuum tank 92, and the O-ring seals are installed in the grooves.
Further, the intelligent digital display vacuum pump further comprises a PID controller 11, a power switch 12, a power indicator lamp 13, an intelligent digital display negative pressure controller 14, an electromagnetic relay 15 and a connection control line 16, wherein the power switch 12, the power indicator lamp 13, the PID controller 11, the electromagnetic relay 15, the intelligent digital display negative pressure controller 14, the vacuum pump 1 and the electromagnetic valve 3 are connected through the connection control line 16.
A method for evaluating the durability of concrete under the action of a wick effect adopts a device for evaluating the durability of concrete under the action of a wick effect, and comprises the following steps:
a. cutting the concrete to be measured into pieces with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 100mmH 1 The cylinder is used as a test piece for testing, and the thickness of the cylinderH 1 Setting the value of (A) as 1.0-1.5 times of the maximum coarse aggregate particle size, and placing the test piece in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ for drying for 24 hours;
b. coating epoxy resin or paraffin on the cylindrical surface of the test piece except the two cutting end surfaces for sealing;
c. then, placing the cylindrical test piece sealed in advance between the solution box and the vacuum box, and fixing and clamping the test piece by the solution box and the vacuum box through a fixing piece, wherein the tightening torque value is 30 +/-2 N.m;
d. filling penetrating fluid with required concentration in a solution tank, inserting a sealing plug with a graduated tube into the solution tank, injecting the penetrating fluid with the same concentration into the graduated tube by using an injector to the position of 0ml of graduated line of the graduated tube, and then adding a small amount of dyed light-density oily material to seal the liquid level to prevent the water of the penetrating fluid from evaporating;
e. and opening the vacuum pump, adjusting the upper limit and the lower limit of the negative pressure of the vacuum pump to be-100 KPa and-95 KPa, setting the test time, and reading the liquid level reading on the graduated tube after the test time is finished, wherein the variable quantity is the volume content of the penetrating fluid penetrating into the concrete.
Further, in the step b, a layer of epoxy resin or vaseline or butter is uniformly coated on the outer side of the test piece for the sealing layer.
Further, in step c, the tightening torque value of the fixing piece is 30 +/-2 N.m.
Further, in the step e, the vacuum pump circularly operates according to the negative pressure for several hours and the normal pressure for several hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) every test piece that awaits measuring of this device corresponds a test piece clamping device alone, can read the liquid infiltration capacity of every test piece respectively, when emergency such as infiltration appears in one of them test piece, can directly close corresponding ball valve control switch.
(2) All test piece clamping devices of the device are connected with the same vacuum pump together, so that the influence of the self pressure fluctuation of the vacuum pump on the test result is avoided. The solution box and the vacuum box are arranged on the left side and the right side of the test piece, so that the solution is prevented from rising up and down and needing overcoming the action of gravity, and the action of vacuum negative pressure is weakened.
(3) This device can connect 2 test piece clamping device more than and, can carry out the multiunit simultaneously and test, has improved efficiency of software testing, carries out the multiunit simultaneously and tests, and the test result has more the contrast. The erosion salt solution permeating into the concrete is directly read by the high-precision graduated tube, so that the test data is more visual and concise to obtain, and the data result is more reliable.
(4) The device can set different concentrations of erosion salt solution, negative pressure duration and a negative pressure-normal pressure circulation system according to actual conditions, and can meet the requirement of evaluating the durability of actual engineering tunnel lining concrete.
(5) The device has simple and reasonable structure, convenient installation and adjustment, short test period and suitability for industrial production.
(6) The device is simple to operate, and the automatic control of a negative pressure-normal pressure circulation system is realized by adopting electronic components such as a PID controller, an electromagnetic relay, an intelligent digital display negative pressure controller, an electromagnetic valve and the like, so that the error influence caused by manual control is avoided.
In conclusion, the device soaks one end of the concrete test piece in the salt solution with different concentrations, and the other end of the concrete test piece is vacuumized at different times and different negative pressures, so that the durability evaluation test requirements of samples with different quantities are met. The reasonable combination of the electromagnetic valve, the electromagnetic relay and the PID controller can realize the 'negative pressure-normal pressure' circulation process of the concrete sample under the action of the wick effect, thereby simulating the 'negative pressure-normal pressure' circulation change condition of concrete in actual engineering, and particularly effectively overcoming the defect that the ultra-high pressure which is greatly different from the actual environment of the tunnel is adopted to evaluate the impermeability in the 'step-by-step pressurization method' and the 'water seepage height method' in the current national standard. The invention has simple and reasonable structure, simple operation steps and convenient installation and debugging and is suitable for industrial production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the specimen clamping device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a vacuum pump; 2. a universal wheel; 3. an electromagnetic valve; 4. a vacuum tube; 5. a frame; 6. a ball valve control switch; 7. a shield handle; 8. a protective cover; 9. a test piece clamping device; 10. a work table; 11. a PID controller; 12. a power switch; 13. a power indicator light; 14. an intelligent digital display negative pressure controller; 15. an electromagnetic relay; 16. the control lines are connected.
91. A solution tank; 911. a sealing plug; 912. a graduated tube; 92. a vacuum box; 921. a vacuum pumping port; 93. an opening; 94. a test piece; 95. a seal member; 96. butterfly bolts.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention, and these modifications and variations are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a concrete durability evaluation device under a wick effect comprises a frame 5, a workbench 10 mounted on the frame 5, and a plurality of independent specimen clamping devices 9 fixed on the workbench 10, wherein a protective cover 8 capable of closing the workbench is hinged on the workbench, a protective cover handle 7 capable of opening and closing the protective cover is arranged on the protective cover 8, a traveling wheel capable of moving conveniently is mounted at the bottom of the frame 5, the specimen clamping devices 9 comprise a solution box 91 and a vacuum box 92 which are arranged at two ends of a specimen 94 side by side, and butterfly bolts 96 for clamping the specimen 94 between the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92, the butterfly bolts 96 are arranged between the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92 for connecting the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92, openings 93 smaller than the projection size of the end face of the specimen 94 are arranged on the positions of the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92 corresponding to the end face of the specimen 94, the inside of the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92 are communicated with a test piece 94 through the opening 93, a sealing piece 95 which seals the contact surface of the test piece 94 and the opening 93 is arranged on the solution box 91 and the vacuum box 92, a liquid injection port communicated with the solution box 91 is arranged at the top of the solution box 91, a sealing plug which seals the liquid injection port is arranged in the liquid injection port, the graduated tube 912 is vertically fixed in the liquid injection port through the sealing plug, a vacuum pumping port 921 connected with a vacuum pump is arranged on the vacuum box 92, the vacuum pump 1 is connected with the vacuum box 92 of each test piece clamping device 9 through a pneumatic quick connector sequentially through an electromagnetic valve 3, a vacuum tube 4 and a ball valve control switch 6, the PID controller 11, a power switch 12, a power indicator 13, an intelligent digital display negative pressure controller 14, an electromagnetic relay 15 and a connection control line 16 are further included, and the power switch 12, the, The power indicator 13, the PID controller 11, the electromagnetic relay 15, the intelligent digital display negative pressure controller 14, the vacuum pump 1 and the electromagnetic valve 3 are connected through a connection control line 16.
In this embodiment, the top of solution tank 91 is equipped with annotates the liquid mouth, it is equipped with sealedly to annotate in the liquid mouth sealing plug 911 that annotates the liquid mouth, the scale pipe 912 is fixed through sealing plug 911 in annotating the liquid mouth, solution tank 91 and vacuum box 92 are formed for transparent acrylic plate processing, the wall thickness of solution tank 91 and vacuum box 92 is not less than 10mm, the solution tank 91 and the vacuum box 92 outside are equipped with the recess of installation O type sealing washer in opening 93 place outer lane, install O type sealing washer in the recess.
A method for evaluating the durability of concrete under the action of a wick effect adopts a device for evaluating the durability of concrete under the action of a wick effect, and comprises the following steps:
a. cutting the concrete to be measured into diametersIs 100mm and has a height ofH 1 The cylinder of (1) is used as a test piece 94 for the test, and the thickness of the cylinderH 1 The value of (a) is set to be 1.0-1.5 times of the maximum coarse aggregate particle size, and the test piece 94 is placed in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ for drying for 24 hours;
b. and uniformly coating a layer of epoxy resin on the outer surface of the test piece 94 except for the two cutting surfaces, continuously coating a layer of epoxy resin on the part with air bubbles (the upper and lower cutting surfaces of the test piece are not coated with the epoxy resin), and standing the test piece coated with the epoxy resin for 24 hours to completely cure the test piece. Sealing the surface of the test piece by adopting materials such as paraffin besides epoxy resin;
c. placing the cylindrical test piece 94 which is sealed in advance between the solution box and the vacuum box, penetrating a butterfly bolt into a screw hole between the solution box and the vacuum box, and screwing the butterfly bolt by using a torque wrench to enable the torque value to be 30 +/-2 N.m;
d. filling penetrating fluid with required concentration in a solution tank, inserting a sealing plug 911 with a graduated tube 912 into the solution tank, injecting the penetrating fluid with the same concentration into the graduated tube 912 by using an injector to the position of a 0ml graduated line of the graduated tube 912, and then adding a small amount of dyed light-density oily material to seal the liquid level so as to prevent the water of the penetrating fluid from evaporating;
e. opening the vacuum pump, adjusting the upper limit to 100KPa and the lower limit to 95KPa of the negative pressure of the vacuum pump, adjusting the PID controller, setting the test time, adjusting the vacuum pump to circulate sequentially according to the negative pressure for 2 hours and the normal pressure for 2 hours (the time of the negative pressure of the vacuum pump can be determined according to the time interval of the actual simulation train passing through the tunnel), reading the liquid level reading on the graduated tube 912 after the test time is finished, wherein the variable quantity is the volume content of the penetrating fluid penetrating into the concrete.
Example 1:
preparing test raw materials: the cement is P.O 42.5 standard cement produced by Beijing institute of building materials; the sand is local river sand in Xiamen city, the fineness modulus is 2.5, the mud content is 2.1 percent, and the compact bulk density is 1660kg/m3Bulk density 1500kg/m3(ii) a The stones are local crushed stones of the mansion, the mix proportion design adopts a two-stage mix crushed stone combination, and the particle sizes of the stones are respectively 10 to 1025mm and 5-10 mm (for convenience, the stones with the stone particle size of 10-25 mm are referred to as medium stones, the stones with the particle size of 5-10 mm are referred to as small stones), and the compact packing density of the medium stones is 1660kg/m3Bulk density 1500kg/m3The compact packing density of small stones is 1570kg/m3Loose bulk density 1430kg/m3(ii) a The water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent produced by Jie new material group of Xiamen, and the solid content is 15 percent; the mixing water is tap water.
The concrete mixing proportion is as follows: in the embodiment, three groups of test pieces with water cement ratio of 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55 are designed, the concrete mix proportion design is adjusted according to the principle that the mortar-bone ratio is unchanged, and in order to ensure the concrete coarse aggregate gradation to be continuous, through a tight packing test, the small stones (5-10 mm) and the medium stones (10-25 mm) with single particle size are proportioned to 4: 6, mixing for use, wherein the sand rate is 39%, the slump is controlled between 100-200 mm by adjusting the water reducing agent, and the specific mixing ratio design and the performance index of the mixture are shown in table 1. And (3) demoulding the test piece after 24 hours of molding, and then placing the test piece into a constant temperature and humidity chamber to be cured for 56 days at the temperature of 20 +/-2 ℃ and the relative humidity of more than or equal to 95 percent.
Table 1 concrete mix ratio and blend performance index:
test piece clamping device and installation: in the test, 3 test pieces are in a group, the thickness of a cut test piece is 30mm, and Na with the mass fraction of 10% is filled in a solution box of a negative pressure quick infiltration device2SO4The solution is prepared by filling Na with mass fraction of 10% into a graduated tube2SO4The solution was brought to the 0ml mark position and then a small amount of sewing machine oil with a blue stain was added.
Table 2 different water-cement ratio concrete 48h water permeability/ml:
testing and result analysis by a water seepage method: the device is opened, the pressure of the vacuum pump is adjusted to be lower limit-95 kPa, upper limit-100 kPa, the duration time is set to be 48h, the scale of the liquid level position of the graduated tube is read after the test is finished, the specific result is shown in table 2, and the table shows that the amount of the sodium sulfate erosion liquid permeating into the test piece is gradually increased along with the increase of the water-cement ratio, which indicates that the water-cement ratio is increased and the sulfate erosion resistance and permeability of the concrete are reduced.
Claims (11)
1. A concrete durability evaluation device under wick effect is characterized in that: the test piece clamping device comprises a rack (5), a workbench (10) installed on the rack (5) and a plurality of independent test piece clamping devices (9) fixed on the workbench (10), wherein each test piece clamping device (9) comprises a solution box (91) and a vacuum box (92) which are arranged at two ends of a test piece side by side and a fixing piece for clamping the test piece between the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92), the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92) are placed on two sides of the test piece in a left-right mode, openings smaller than the size of the end face of the test piece are formed in the positions, corresponding to the end face of the test piece, of the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92), inner cavities of the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92) are communicated with the test piece through the openings, sealing pieces are arranged on the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92), and the sealing pieces enable the solution box (91) and, The test piece is used for sealing the opening, a liquid injection port communicated with the solution tank (91) and a scale pipe vertically arranged are arranged at the top of the solution tank (91), a vacuum pumping port connected with a vacuum pump is arranged on the vacuum tank (92), and the vacuum pump (1) is respectively connected with the vacuum tank (92) of each test piece clamping device (9) through a pneumatic quick connector sequentially through an electromagnetic valve (3), a vacuum pipe (4) and a ball valve control switch (6).
2. The apparatus for evaluating concrete durability under wicking action according to claim 1, wherein: and a travelling wheel (2) convenient to move is installed at the bottom of the rack (5).
3. The apparatus for evaluating concrete durability under wicking action according to claim 1, wherein: the liquid injection port is internally provided with a sealing plug for sealing the liquid injection port, and the graduated tube is vertically fixed in the liquid injection port through the sealing plug.
4. The apparatus for evaluating concrete durability under wicking action according to claim 1, wherein: the fixing piece is a butterfly bolt, a plurality of screw holes are correspondingly formed in the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92), and the butterfly bolts are installed in the screw holes to connect the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92).
5. The apparatus for evaluating concrete durability under wicking action according to claim 1, wherein: the wall thickness of the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92) is not less than 10 mm.
6. The apparatus for evaluating concrete durability under wicking action according to claim 5, wherein: the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92) are made of transparent acrylic plates.
7. The apparatus for evaluating concrete durability under wicking action according to claim 1, wherein: articulated on the workstation have can seal protection casing (8) of workstation, be equipped with on protection casing (8) and conveniently open and close protection casing handle (7) of protection casing.
8. The apparatus for evaluating concrete durability under wicking action according to claim 1, wherein: and grooves for mounting the sealing elements are arranged on the outer rings of the outer sides of the solution box (91) and the vacuum box (92) at the positions of the openings, and the sealing elements are mounted in the grooves.
9. The apparatus for evaluating concrete durability under wicking action according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the intelligent digital display vacuum pump is characterized by further comprising a PID controller (11), a power switch (12), a power indicator lamp (13), an intelligent digital display negative pressure controller (14), an electromagnetic relay (15) and a connection control line (16), wherein the power switch (12), the power indicator lamp (13), the PID controller (11), the electromagnetic relay (15), the intelligent digital display negative pressure controller (14), the vacuum pump (1) and the electromagnetic valve (3) are connected through the connection control line (16).
10. A method for evaluating durability of concrete under a wicking action, using the apparatus for evaluating durability of concrete under a wicking action according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
a. cutting the concrete to be measured into pieces with the diameter of 100mm and the height of 100mmH 1 The cylinder is used as a test piece for testing, and the thickness of the cylinderH 1 Setting the value of (A) as 1.0-1.5 times of the maximum coarse aggregate particle size, and placing the test piece in a vacuum drying oven at 40 ℃ for drying for 24 hours;
b. arranging a sealing layer on the cylindrical outer surface of the test piece except for the two cutting surfaces for sealing;
c. then, placing the cylindrical test piece sealed in advance between the solution box and the vacuum box, and fixedly clamping the test piece by the solution box and the vacuum box through a fixing piece and a sealing piece;
d. filling penetrating fluid with required concentration in a solution tank, inserting a sealing plug with a graduated tube into the solution tank, injecting the penetrating fluid with the same concentration into the graduated tube by using an injector to the position of 0ml of graduated line of the graduated tube, and then adding a small amount of dyed light-density oily material to seal the liquid level;
e. and opening the vacuum pump, adjusting the upper limit and the lower limit of the negative pressure of the vacuum pump to be-100 KPa and-95 KPa, setting the test time, and reading the liquid level reading on the graduated tube after the test time is finished, wherein the variable quantity is the volume content of the penetrating fluid penetrating into the concrete.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the concrete durability under wicking action is characterized by: in step e, the vacuum pump may be operated according to a "negative-normal pressure" circulation regime.
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