CN109883923A - A kind of lower concrete durability assessment device and method of wick effect effect - Google Patents
A kind of lower concrete durability assessment device and method of wick effect effect Download PDFInfo
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- CN109883923A CN109883923A CN201910223962.6A CN201910223962A CN109883923A CN 109883923 A CN109883923 A CN 109883923A CN 201910223962 A CN201910223962 A CN 201910223962A CN 109883923 A CN109883923 A CN 109883923A
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Abstract
A kind of lower concrete durability assessment device and method of wick effect effect, device includes rack, rack-mounted workbench and fixed multiple independent specimen holder devices on the table, the specimen holder device includes the liquor box that test specimen two ends are arranged side by side, vacuum tank and the fixing piece being clamped in test specimen between liquor box and vacuum tank, the liquor box and vacuum tank are equipped with the opening less than test specimen end on projection size on the position of corresponding test specimen end face, it is connected to by the opening with test specimen inside the liquor box and vacuum tank, and the liquor box and vacuum tank are equipped with the sealing element so that test specimen and opening contact surface sealing, the top of the liquor box is equipped with the liquid injection port being connected to liquor box, the graded tube of the vertical runs with sealing-plug can be placed at liquid injection port, the vacuum tank is equipped with to be connected with vacuum pump The vacuum orifice connect.The configuration of the present invention is simple is reasonable, operating procedure is simple, installation and debugging are convenient, is suitable for industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the water resistants or salt permeability erosion technical field in concrete durability research, and in particular to one
Kind wick effect acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device and method.
Background technique
When concrete is located at dissolved in the soil or underground water of sulfate or villaumite, the erosion that just will receive salt is broken
Bad, the extent of the destruction of concrete depends on penetrating into the content of inside concrete salt.Existing research shows that concrete salt corrosion
Half impregnates extent of the destruction much larger than complete immersion destruction in destruction, and salt is also based on wick effect work in the case of actually half immersion
Form under enters inside concrete.Western China underground water is rich in a large amount of sulfate and villaumite, is located therein
Acceleration of the rail tunnel liner concrete in pressure water (especially train high-speed cruising can form negative pressuren zone in tunnel)
It issues raw steel bar corrosion, peeling, corrosion, fall the breakoff phenomenons such as layer, bring huge hidden danger to the safe operation in tunnel.It is impregnated with half
It compares, tunnel pressure water action is actually another action mode of wick effect.High-speed rail when driving, will lead in tunnel
Larger negative pressure is formed in tunnel, under the wick effect effect containing negative pressure, it is mixed that meeting accelerating ground water penetrates into lining cutting from inside to outside
In solidifying soil, if underground water contains the etching mediums such as sulfate, villaumite, it will aggravate the erosion damage of lining concrete.It is existing
Studies have shown that high-speed railway will form the negative pressure of -3~-5kPa in tunnel, when occur in tunnel two vehicles meet situation when,
Negative pressure may be up to -8kPa.
Current concrete durability specification generallys use " pressurization step by step " or " infiltration height method " to assess concrete
Anti-permeability performance, firstly, test specimen maximum pressure is near 1.0MPa, much greatly in " pressurization step by step " or " infiltration height method "
The maximum negative pressure value in the actual working environment of concrete under tunnel lining concrete and half soaking state, with Practical Project
Environment difference is larger；Secondly, the impermeability of high performance concrete is general all relatively low with the development of concrete high-performance,
And conventional test methodologies sample dimensions cause the experimental test period longer with a thickness of 150mm, or even impermeable feelings occur
Condition.Current concrete impermeability test method can not really reflect that wick effect acts on lower concrete water resistant or salting liquid seeps
Therefore erosion feature thoroughly needs to study a kind of suitable for evaluating concrete water resistant or salting liquid permeability under wick effect acts on
The test method and device of energy, to evaluate concrete water resistant or salt-resistant solution erosion performance.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is provide on the basis of concrete sulphate under simulating wick effect effect and chloride erosion
A kind of lower concrete durability assessment device and method of wick effect effect, it is mixed native to soil and water under simulation wick effect effect
The impermeability of the etching mediums such as sulfate, villaumite in environment, so that more accurate objectively evaluate acts in wick effect
Under concrete impervious ability.
A kind of lower concrete durability assessment device of wick effect effect, including rack 5, the work being mounted in rack 5
Platform 10 and the multiple independent specimen holder devices 9 being fixed on workbench 10, the specimen holder device 9 include being arranged side by side
The liquor boxs 91 of test specimen two ends, vacuum tank 92 and test specimen is clamped in the fixing piece between liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92, it is described
Liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92 are equipped with the opening less than test specimen end on projection size on the position of corresponding test specimen end face, described molten
Liquid case 91 and vacuum tank 92 are equipped with sealing element, here the preferred sealing ring of sealing element, and the sealing ring makes liquor box 91 and true
Empty van 92 test specimen is clamped after, test specimen the opening is sealed, the top of the liquor box 91 is equipped with to be connected to liquor box 91
Liquid injection port, the liquid injection port is interior to be equipped with the sealing-plug for sealing the liquid injection port, and the graded tube is vertically fixed on by sealing-plug
In the liquid injection port, the vacuum tank 92 is equipped with the vacuum orifice being controlled to a vacuum pump.
Further, 5 bottom of rack is equipped with the traveling wheel being moved easily.
Further, the vacuum pump 1 pass sequentially through solenoid valve 3, vacuum tube 4, ball valve control switch 6 with respectively with it is each
The vacuum tank 92 of the specimen holder device 9 is connected by Pneumatic quick connector.
Further, the top of the liquor box 91 is equipped with liquid injection port, is equipped in the liquid injection port and seals the liquid injection port
Sealing-plug, the graded tube is fixed in the liquid injection port by sealing-plug.
Further, the fixing piece is wing bolt, and multiple wing bolts are arranged in liquor box 91 and vacuum tank
Between 92, liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92 are connected.
Further, the wall thickness of the liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92 is not less than 10mm.
Further, the liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92 are process for transparent acrylic.
Further, be hinged on the workbench can enclosed workbench shield 8, the shield 8 be equipped with side
Just the shield handle 7 of shield is opened and closed.
Further, the liquor box 91 and 92 outside of the vacuum tank outer ring where opening are equipped with mounting O-shaped sealing element
Groove is equipped with O-shaped sealing element in the groove.
It further, further include PID controller 11, power switch 12, power supply indicator 13, intelligent digital negative pressure controller
14, electromagnetic relay 15 and connection control line 16, the power switch 12, power supply indicator 13, PID controller 11, electromagnetism after
Electric appliance 15, intelligent digital negative pressure controller 14, vacuum pump 1, solenoid valve 3 are connected by power control line 16.
A kind of lower concrete durability appraisal procedure of wick effect effect, acts on lower concrete using the wick effect
Durability evaluating apparatus includes the following steps:
A, concrete to be measured is cut into diameter is 100mm, is highly H1Cylindrical body as test test specimen, cylindrical body
Thickness H1Value be set as 1.0~1.5 times of maximum coarse aggregate size, it is dry for 24 hours that test specimen is placed in 40 DEG C of vacuum ovens；
B, epoxy resin is smeared in cylindrical surface of the test specimen in addition to two cutting end faces or paraffin is sealed；
C, then the cylinder specimen being sealed in advance is placed between liquor box and vacuum tank, it will by fixing piece
Liquor box and vacuum tank fix to clamp test specimen, and the torque value tightened is 30 ± 2Nm；
D, the penetrating fluid that required concentration is filled it up in liquor box is used in the sealing-plug insertion liquor box with graded tube
Syringe injects the penetrating fluid of same concentrations into graded tube to graded tube 0ml graduation mark position, then reenters after dyeing on a small quantity
Light density oily material seal liquid level, prevent penetrating fluid moisture evaporate；
E, vacuum pump is opened, the vacuum pump negative pressure upper limit -100KPa, lower limit -95KPa are adjusted, test period is set, when test
Between after read graded tube on liquid level readings, variable quantity be penetrate into inside concrete penetrating fluid volume content.
Further, in step b, sealant uses and uniformly smears one layer of epoxy resin or vaseline or Huang on the outside of test specimen
Oil.
Further, in step c, the torque value that fixing piece is tightened is 30 ± 2Nm.
Further, in step e, vacuum pump is according to negative pressure several hours, then several hours circulation actions of normal pressure.
Compared with prior art, the present invention having the beneficial effect that
(1) each of present apparatus test specimen to be measured individually corresponds to a specimen holder device, can read each test specimen respectively
Liquid infiltration capacity can directly close corresponding ball valve control when the emergency cases such as occurs seeping water in one of test specimen and open
It closes.
(2) all specimen holder devices of the present apparatus connect same vacuum pump jointly, to avoid vacuum pump pressure itself
Fluctuate the influence generated to test result.And liquor box of the present invention and vacuum tank are the two sides that left and right is placed on test specimen, are prevented
Solution rising needs to overcome gravity when placing up and down, and negative pressure of vacuum effect is weakened.
(3) present apparatus can connect 2 or more specimen holder devices, can carry out multiple groups test simultaneously, improve test
Efficiency, while multiple groups test is carried out, test result is with more comparative.Infiltration concrete is directly read using high-precision graded tube
Internal erosion salting liquid, test data acquisition is more intuitionistic and concise, and data result is relatively reliable.
(4) the erosion salting liquid of various concentration, vacuum magnitude, negative pressure duration can be arranged in the present apparatus according to the actual situation
And " negative pressure-normal pressure " recycles system, is more able to satisfy Practical Project tunnel lining concrete durability evaluating demand.
(5) apparatus structure advantages of simple, mounting and adjusting are convenient, test period is shorter, are suitble to industrialized production.
(6) present apparatus is easy to operate, by using PID controller, electromagnetic relay, intelligent digital negative pressure controller, electricity
The electronic components such as magnet valve realize " negative pressure-normal pressure " circulation system automation control, avoid manual control bring error
It influences.
In conclusion concrete sample one end is immersed in various concentration salting liquid by the present apparatus, the other end carries out different
Time, different negative pressure vacuumize processs, realize the sample durability evaluating test request of different number.Solenoid valve, electromagnetism relay
" negative pressure-normal pressure " circulation technology that wick effect acts on lower concrete sample may be implemented in the reasonable combination of device, PID controller,
To " negative pressure-normal pressure " the circulation change situation of simulation concrete in practical projects, current country is especially effectively overcome
It is anti-using biggish hyperpressure assessment is differed with tunnel actual environment in " pressurization step by step " and " infiltration height method " in standard
The shortcomings that infiltration property.The configuration of the present invention is simple is reasonable, operating procedure is simple, installation and debugging are convenient, is suitable for industrialized production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the main view of specimen holder device of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the top view of Fig. 2 of the present invention；
In figure: 1, vacuum pump；2, universal wheel；3, solenoid valve；4, vacuum tube；5, rack；6, ball valve control switch；7, it protects
Cover handle；8, shield；9, specimen holder device；10, workbench；11, PID controller；12, power switch；13, power supply instruction
Lamp；14, intelligent digital negative pressure controller；15, electromagnetic relay；16, control line is connected.
91, liquor box；911, sealing-plug；912, graded tube；92, vacuum tank；921, vacuum orifice；93, it is open；94, it tries
Part；95, sealing element；96, wing bolt.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below by embodiment, but they are not limitation of the invention.
Principle described in following embodiments only to illustrate the invention, under the premise of not departing from spirit of that invention and principle, also
Several improvements and changes can be made, such modifications and variations also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a kind of wick effect acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, including rack 5, is mounted on
Workbench 10 in rack 5 and multiple independent 94 clamping devices 9 of test specimen being fixed on workbench 10 are cut with scissors on the workbench
Be connected to can enclosed workbench shield 8, the shield 8 be equipped with facilitate opening and closing shield shield handle 7, the machine
5 bottom of frame is equipped with the traveling wheel being moved easily, and 94 clamping device 9 of test specimen includes the solution that 94 both ends of test specimen are arranged side by side
Case 91, vacuum tank 92 and test specimen 94 is clamped in the wing bolt 96 between liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92, multiple butterflies
Bolt 96 is arranged between liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92, and liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92 are connected, the liquor box 91 and true
Empty van 92 is equipped with the opening 93 less than 94 end on projection size of test specimen, the liquor box 91 on the position of corresponding 94 end face of test specimen
93 be connected to test specimen 94 with inside vacuum tank 92 by the opening, and the liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92 equipped with so that
The sealing element 95 of test specimen 94 and opening 93 contact surfaces sealing, the top of the liquor box 91 are equipped with the fluid injection being connected to liquor box 91
Mouthful, the sealing-plug for sealing the liquid injection port is equipped in the liquid injection port, the graded tube 912 is vertically fixed on institute by sealing-plug
It states in liquid injection port, the vacuum tank 92 is equipped with the vacuum orifice 921 being controlled to a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump 1 passes sequentially through electricity
Magnet valve 3, vacuum tube 4, ball valve control switch 6 pass through with respectively with the vacuum tank 92 of each 94 clamping device 9 of test specimen pneumatic
Quick coupling connection, further include PID controller 11, power switch 12, power supply indicator 13, intelligent digital negative pressure controller 14,
Electromagnetic relay 15 and connection control line 16, the power switch 12, power supply indicator 13, PID controller 11, electromagnetic relay
15, intelligent digital negative pressure controller 14, vacuum pump 1, solenoid valve 3 are connected by power control line 16.
In the present embodiment, the top of the liquor box 91 is equipped with liquid injection port, is equipped in the liquid injection port and seals the fluid injection
The sealing-plug 911 of mouth, the graded tube 912 are fixed in the liquid injection port by sealing-plug 911, the liquor box 91 and vacuum
Case 92 is process for transparent acrylic, and the wall thickness of the liquor box 91 and vacuum tank 92 is not less than 10mm, the liquor box
91 and the outside of vacuum tank 92 in the 93 place outer rings that are open be equipped with the groove of mounting O-shaped sealing ring, be equipped in the groove O-shaped close
Seal.
A kind of lower concrete durability appraisal procedure of wick effect effect, acts on lower concrete using the wick effect
Durability evaluating apparatus includes the following steps:
A, concrete to be measured is cut into diameter is 100mm, is highly H1Cylindrical body as test test specimen 94, cylinder
Body thickness H1Value be set as 1.0~1.5 times of maximum coarse aggregate size, it is dry for 24 hours that test specimen 94 is placed in 40 DEG C of vacuum ovens；
B, one layer of epoxy resin is uniformly smeared in the outer surface in test specimen 94 in addition to two cut surfaces, and by bladdery place after
It is continuous to smear one layer of epoxy resin (undercut surface does not apply epoxy resin on test specimen), the test specimen for wiping epoxy resin will be applied and placed
For 24 hours, it is fully cured.Surface of test piece is sealed in addition to using epoxy resin, the sealing examination of the materials such as paraffin also can be used
Part surface；
C, the cylinder specimen 94 being sealed in advance is placed between liquor box and vacuum tank, wing bolt is penetrated
Screw hole between liquor box and vacuum tank is simultaneously screwed with torque wrench, so that torque value is 30 ± 2Nm；
D, the sealing-plug 911 with graded tube 912 is inserted into liquor box by the penetrating fluid that required concentration is filled it up in liquor box
It is interior, the penetrating fluid of same concentrations is injected into graded tube 912 with syringe to the 0ml graduation mark position of graded tube 912, then again
Light density oily material sealing liquid level after entering a small amount of dyeing, prevents penetrating fluid moisture from evaporating；
E, vacuum pump is opened, the vacuum pump negative pressure upper limit -100KPa, lower limit -95KPa are adjusted, adjusts PID controller, setting
Test period adjusts vacuum pump according to negative pressure 2 hours, then circuits sequentially within normal pressure 2 hours that (time of vacuum pump negative pressure can be according to reality
Simulate train and determined by interval time in tunnel in border), the liquid level readings on graded tube 912 are read after test period,
Variable quantity is the penetrating fluid volume content for penetrating into inside concrete.
Embodiment 1:
Prepare test raw material: cement is 42.5 reference cement of PO of Building Materials In Beijing research institute production；Sand is tall building
Retail sales locality river sand, fineness modulus 2.5, clay content 2.1%, tight packing density 1660kg/m3, loose bulk density
1500kg/m3；Stone is Xiamen locality rubble, mix-design using the combination of graduation two rubble, cobble-stone diameter is respectively 10~
(stone that for convenience, referred to hereinafter as cobble-stone diameter is 10~25mm is middle stone, the stone of 5~10mm by 25mm and 5~10mm
For handstone), middle stone tight packing density 1660kg/m3, loose bulk density 1500kg/m3, handstone tight packing density
1570kg/m3, loose bulk density 1430kg/m3；Water-reducing agent is that the polycarboxylic acids that outstanding person's new material group of section, Xiamen City produces is efficient
Water-reducing agent, solid content 15%；Mixing water is tap water.
Concrete mix: it is 0.35,0.45,0.55 3 group of test specimen, concrete match ratio that the present embodiment designs the ratio of mud altogether
Mix Design is adjusted than constant principle according to slurry bone than designing, to ensure that concrete coarse aggregate gradation is continuous, warp
Tightly packed experimental test, by the handstone (5~10mm) of simple grain diameter and middle stone (10~25mm), 4:6 is mixed in proportion
It uses, sand coarse aggregate ratio takes 39%, is used to by adjusting water-reducing agent, and the slump controls the specific mix-design between 100~200mm
And mixture performance indicator is shown in Table 1.Specimen molding demoulds afterwards for 24 hours, is then placed in thermostatic constant wet chamber and conserves to 56d, temperature (20 ±
2) DEG C, relative humidity >=95%.
1 concrete match ratio of table when mixture performance indicator
Specimen holder device and installation: 3 test specimens are one group in experimental test, and for cutting sample with a thickness of 30mm, negative pressure is fast
Seep the Na for being packed into that mass fraction is 10% in device liquor box2SO4Solution, it is 10% that mass fraction is packed into graded tube
Na2SO4Then solution is added on a small quantity to 0ml graduation mark position mixed with the sewing machine oil of blue dyeing agent.
The test of water percolating capacity method and interpretation of result: opening the present apparatus, vacuum pump pressure size be adjusted to lower limit -95kPa, on
Limit -100kPa, duration are set as 48h, read graded tube liquid level position scale after the test, and concrete outcome is shown in Table 2, from
In table as it can be seen that with the ratio of mud increase, the amount that sodium sulphate etchant is penetrated into inside test specimen is gradually increased, and shows that the ratio of mud increases
Greatly, Concrete Resist Reinforcing Sulfate Corrosion permeance property declines.
2 different water-binder ratios concrete 48h water percolating capacity of table/ml
| Water-cement ratio | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.55 |
| 12h water percolating capacity/ml | 2.5 | 3.3 | 3.8 |
| Water percolating capacity/ml for 24 hours | 3.0 | 4.0 | 4.7 |
| 36h water percolating capacity/ml | 3.1 | 4.3 | 5.1 |
| 48h water percolating capacity/ml | 3.3 | 4.5 | 5.3 |
Claims (12)
1. a kind of wick effect acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, it is characterised in that: including rack (5), be mounted on machine
Workbench (10) on frame (5) and the multiple independent specimen holder devices (9) being fixed on workbench (10), the test specimen folder
Device (9) is held to include the liquor box (91) for being disposed side by side on test specimen two ends, vacuum tank (92) and test specimen is clamped in liquor box
(91) fixing piece between vacuum tank (92), the liquor box (91) and vacuum tank (92) are on the position of corresponding test specimen end face
Equipped with the opening for being less than test specimen end face size, the inner cavity of the liquor box (91) and vacuum tank (92) passes through the opening and test specimen
Connection, the liquor box (91) and vacuum tank (92) are equipped with sealing element, and the sealing element makes liquor box (91) and vacuum tank
(92) after test specimen being clamped, test specimen the opening is sealed, the top of the liquor box (91) is equipped with and is connected to liquor box (91)
Liquid injection port and vertical runs graded tube, the vacuum tank (92) is equipped with the vacuum orifice that is controlled to a vacuum pump.
2. wick effect according to claim 1 acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, it is characterised in that: the machine
Frame (5) bottom is equipped with the traveling wheel (2) being moved easily.
3. wick effect according to claim 1 acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, it is characterised in that: described true
Sky pump (1) passes sequentially through solenoid valve (3), vacuum tube (4), ball valve control switch (6) and fills respectively with each specimen holder
The vacuum tank (92) for setting (9) is connected by Pneumatic quick connector.
4. wick effect according to claim 1 acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, it is characterised in that: the note
The sealing-plug for sealing the liquid injection port is equipped in liquid mouth, the graded tube is vertically fixed in the liquid injection port by sealing-plug.
5. wick effect according to claim 1 acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, it is characterised in that: described solid
Determining part is wing bolt, is correspondingly provided with multiple screw holes, multiple wing bolts on the liquor box (91) and vacuum tank (92)
It is mounted in screw hole, liquor box (91) and vacuum tank (92) is connected.
6. wick effect according to claim 1 acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, it is characterised in that: described molten
The wall thickness of liquid case (91) and vacuum tank (92) is not less than 10mm.
7. wick effect according to claim 6 acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, it is characterised in that: described molten
Liquid case (91) and vacuum tank (92) are process for transparent acrylic.
8. wick effect according to claim 1 acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, it is characterised in that: the work
Make to be hinged on platform can enclosed workbench shield (8), the shield (8) is equipped with the shield for facilitating opening and closing shield
Handle (7).
9. wick effect according to claim 1 acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, it is characterised in that: described molten
The outer ring where opening is equipped with the groove for installing the sealing element, installation in the groove on the outside of liquid case (91) and vacuum tank (92)
There is sealing element.
10. acting on lower concrete durability to wick effect described in 9 any one according to claim 1 assesses device, special
Sign is: further including PID controller (11), power switch (12), power supply indicator (13), intelligent digital negative pressure controller
(14), electromagnetic relay (15) and connection control line (16), the power switch (12), power supply indicator (13), PID controller
(11), electromagnetic relay (15), intelligent digital negative pressure controller (14), vacuum pump (1), solenoid valve (3) pass through power control line
(16) it connects.
11. a kind of wick effect acts on lower concrete durability appraisal procedure, using described in claims 1 to 10 any one
Wick effect acts on lower concrete durability and assesses device, characterized by the following steps:
A, concrete to be measured is cut into diameter is 100mm, is highly H1Cylindrical body as test test specimen, cylinder body thickness
H1Value be set as 1.0~1.5 times of maximum coarse aggregate size, it is dry for 24 hours that test specimen is placed in 40 DEG C of vacuum ovens；
B, sealant is arranged on the cylindrical outer surface in test specimen in addition to two cut surfaces to seal；
C, then the cylinder specimen being sealed in advance is placed between liquor box and vacuum tank, passes through fixing piece and sealing
Liquor box and vacuum tank are fixed to clamp test specimen by part；
D, the sealing-plug with graded tube is inserted into liquor box, with injection by the penetrating fluid that required concentration is filled it up in liquor box
Device injects the penetrating fluid of same concentrations into graded tube to graded tube 0ml graduation mark position, then reenters light after dyeing on a small quantity
Density oily material seals liquid level；
E, vacuum pump is opened, the vacuum pump negative pressure upper limit -100KPa, lower limit -95KPa are adjusted, sets test period, test period knot
The liquid level readings on graded tube are read after beam, variable quantity is the penetrating fluid volume content for penetrating into inside concrete.
12. wick effect according to claim 11 acts on lower concrete durability appraisal procedure, it is characterised in that: step
In e, vacuum pump can be operated according to " negative pressure-normal pressure " circulation system.
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