CN103776703B - Based on hydrofracturing water filling charger and the test method of rocks resin test specimen - Google Patents
Based on hydrofracturing water filling charger and the test method of rocks resin test specimen Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen, comprise water injecting mechanism and load maintainer, water injecting mechanism comprises electric pressuring actuating equipment, digital control system and hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, electric pressuring actuating equipment comprises bearing, actuating unit bearing being respectively equipped with hard-wired standpipe and can move forward and backward on bearing, actuating unit by power drive mechanism with to be arranged in standpipe and the Air-tight piston that can move axially along standpipe is connected, standpipe inner chamber is communicated with water inlet/outlet device, standpipe one end is communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the cushion block of hydraulic pressure transmission equipment matches with test specimen model, and by load maintainer, cushion block and test specimen model are compressed, digital control system is monitored the pressure transducer that hydraulic pressure pressure changes respectively and is connected with actuating unit and being arranged in standpipe.The present invention discloses the test method utilizing this device.Instant invention overcomes a difficult problem for preset hollow crack and water filling in test specimen model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen and test method.
Background technology
The destructive process of hard brittle material and internal crack expansion Evolution are the Focal point and difficult points of the solid mechanics research comprising rock mechanics always.Because being generally hollow containing many three-dimensional fracture and majority in rock mass, they affect distortion and the strength characteristics of rock mass consumingly.So the expansion of three-dimensional fracture or other material and Evolution are one of key content of ROCK MECHANICS RESEARCH always.
At present, shop experiment is then the main research means of three-dimensional fracture propagation law in study of rocks.The making in three dimensional internal crack is mainly realized by prior pre-buried polyester sheet in the process making test specimen or sheet metal, and the accurate location (inclination angle, locus etc.) of three-dimensional hollow crack in test specimen is then the key (being also the basis of analytical test result) whether tested successfully.Because this technology has suitable difficulty, research is containing three-dimensional hollow crack can note water test wherein, and not yet someone did or at least very rare.
Hydrofracturing aspect is not a lot of with the work of laboratory method research Hydraulic Fracturing Mechanism.Domestic only have to do experiment research from outside punching with a small amount of rock block or mortar block; Adopt organic glass to carry out simulation rock body some scholar of the U.S. to punch from outside its center, then inject with hydraulic pressure or air pressure and produce splitting crack.These test methods above, its shortcoming is the former because test specimen is opaque, is innerly difficult to prefabricated crack, is also difficult to follow the trail of and the evolution of record internal rupture, so it is very difficult to study its failure mechanism.Even if having indivedual scholar to do crack by cold cycling legal system, but there is stochastic distribution in crack, is difficult to do replica test.And crack is communicated to surface of test piece, inside is difficult to pass into high hydraulic pressure, so there is larger defect.As for abroad Alpern, J(2012 when studying shale gas breathable technology) adopt organic glass to make test specimen, although can see the development of its internal rupture clearly, mechanical characteristic and the rock character of organic glass are too wide in the gap, and its representativeness is poor.And organic glass is difficult to prefabricated certain crack wherein, be more difficult to make hollow crack, so they only study in advance without the situation in crack in the middle of test specimen, the method for direct pressure break of namely entering from outside drilling, this accomplishes than being easier to.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen containing three-dimensional hollow crack and test method are provided.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
Based on a hydrofracturing water filling charger for rocks resin test specimen, comprise water injecting mechanism and load maintainer,
Described water injecting mechanism comprises electric pressuring actuating equipment, digital control system and hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, electric pressuring actuating equipment comprises bearing, actuating unit bearing being respectively equipped with hard-wired standpipe and can move forward and backward on bearing, actuating unit by power drive mechanism with to be arranged in standpipe and the Air-tight piston that can move axially along standpipe is connected, standpipe inner chamber is communicated with water inlet/outlet device, standpipe one end is communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the cushion block of hydraulic pressure transmission equipment matches with test specimen model, and by load maintainer, cushion block and test specimen model are compressed, digital control system is monitored the pressure transducer that hydraulic pressure pressure changes respectively and is connected with actuating unit and being arranged in standpipe.
Described standpipe is closed barrel, and its one end has to be passed through and the threaded hole matched with it for power drive mechanism, and the other end has the opening be communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the side of closed barrel one end has the through hole be communicated with water inlet/outlet device.
Described actuating unit comprises motor, and motor bottom is arranged on track, and track is fixed on bearing.
Described power drive mechanism comprises body of bolt, and body of bolt one end is connected with the power output shaft of actuating unit, and the other end is connected with Air-tight piston with the threaded hole through standpipe one end.
Described water inlet/outlet device comprises the pipeline be connected with the through hole on standpipe, and pipeline is provided with the first valve, and pipeline upper end is provided with the water tank communicated with it.
Described hydraulic pressure transmission equipment comprises the aqueduct communicated with the opening on standpipe, and aqueduct is provided with the second valve, and the aqueduct other end is connected with cushion block.
Described cushion block be provided with communicate with aqueduct and the water delivering orifice matched with the water injection conduit of test specimen model, and water delivering orifice is recessed into cushion block surface forms circular groove add rubber washer in recess edge, the sealing of its interface during in order to ensure that test specimen model is injected with setting-out.
Described load maintainer is simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn, this equipment is in the freezing experiment room of-30 DEG C, can guarantee that test is carried out under cryogenic, to ensure the cold shortness of resin test specimen model, described simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn comprises high pressure loading system and counterforce device system, high pressure loading system comprises lifting jack and load plate, one end of lifting jack is connected with load plate, the other end is connected with counterforce device system, and the six pieces of load plate be connected with lifting jack are close on the side, six, front, back, left, right, up, down of test specimen model respectively; The oil inlet and outlet of lifting jack is connected with wobble pump respectively by oil pipe, and forms return line; Counterforce device system comprises model counterforce device, ring flange and counter-force transmission plate, and model counterforce device is connected to form by high-strength coupling bolt by boxlike cast steel member and angle iron component; Counter-force transmission plate one side is near the inwall of model counterforce device, and ring flange is fixed on another opposite flank of counter-force transmission plate by hexagon socket head cap screw, and the lifting jack of high pressure loading system is fixed on ring flange by hexagon socket head cap screw.
It is three right that described lifting jack has, be respectively load on test specimen model upper and lower surface first pair of lifting jack, load on second pair of lifting jack on surface about test specimen model and load on the 3rd pair of lifting jack of test specimen model upper and lower surface, every a pair lifting jack is all in parallel to be communicated with corresponding wobble pump by oil pipe.
Being communicated with the first wobble pump with the second oil pipe by two the first oil pipes in parallel into and out of hydraulic fluid port of first pair of lifting jack, on described first oil pipe and the second pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve A and valve B respectively;
Being communicated with the second wobble pump with the 4th oil pipe by two the 3rd oil pipes in parallel into and out of hydraulic fluid port of second pair of lifting jack, on the 3rd oil pipe and the 4th oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve respectively
and valve
and valve
and the 4th oil pipe between lifting jack is communicated with accumulator and relief tube respectively, and the oil pipe that accumulator is connected with the 4th oil pipe is provided with valve C, and relief tube is provided with blowdown valve
Being communicated with the 3rd wobble pump with the 6th oil pipe by two the 5th oil pipes in parallel into and out of hydraulic fluid port of 3rd pair of lifting jack, on described 5th oil pipe and the 6th pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve E and valve F respectively.
Described digital control system comprises dividing potential drop control section and visible human machine interactive interface, and two parts pass through connection.By visible human machine interactive interface part input load instructions, the load instructions process of acquisition is converted to input pressurization execution part after electric signal by dividing potential drop control section, and dynamic monitoring system pressure changes and feeds back to visible human machine interactive interface part and shows in real time and record storage.
Described dividing potential drop control section is made up of pressure monitoring unit, central control unit and Output pressure unit, pressure monitoring unit is connected with central control unit respectively with Output pressure unit, force value is converted into electric signal and feeds back to central control unit by circuit by pressure monitoring unit, shows and store after these force value are converted into digital signal by central control unit in visible human machine interactive interface part; The various instructions that central control unit issuing system loads, central control unit is input to Output pressure unit after the force value inputted on visible human machine interactive interface is converted into electric signal; Output pressure unit performs by Control electric pressuring equipment the control realizing pressurization executive system with this to the start and stop of motor.
The synchronous loading in system energy automatic control model all around, upper and lower three pairs of directions, but the often pair of direction again can independent loads, the very three-dimensional of effective implementation model system loads, and also loads by the one dimension of dividing potential drop control realization model, two and three dimensions.Three-dimensional model test specimen moulded dimension is rectangular parallelepiped, by making cushion block and the guide housing of different size, loads the test specimen model of different size.
Based on a test method for the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen model, comprising:
1) rocks resin test specimen model is prepared;
2) prepare load test, first described test specimen model is put into a water tank, then note alcohol in water tank, until liquid level floods the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model; Then water tank is put into vacuum tank and carry out vacuumizing process; Due to the continuous decline of air pressure beyond liquid level, air in water injection conduit in test specimen model and the thin cavity of ellipse can continuous emersion liquid level, alcohol can enter and be full of the cavity of whole test specimen model inside, namely in water injection conduit and the thin cavity of ellipse, then the water tank this being filled test specimen model puts into ultra low temperature freezer, under-20 DEG C of conditions freezing 24 hours;
3) load test; Freezer is set to-20 DEG C, first opens water injecting mechanism, suppress water filling test several times, to drain the air of whole water injection equipment, pipeline and cushion block inside, make it be full of water; Then test specimen model is taken out, the cushion block of water injection equipment is placed in above test specimen model, and the water delivering orifice of cushion block is alignd with the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model, then both are put in simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn, and in the vertical direction load application, make rubber ring produce deformation to ensure the sealing of water injection pipe and cushion block water outlet; According to requirement of experiment, start water filling in visible human machine interactive interface input instruction, start simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn simultaneously, test specimen model is loaded, observe the destructive process in test specimen model crack.
The water of described step 3) is the potpourri of pure water and alcohol, and volume ratio is 1:1, freezes at low temperatures to prevent pure water.
In described step 3) to test specimen model load concrete steps be:
(1) first the first wobble pump, the second wobble pump and the 3rd wobble pump is enabled with the little pressure of 0.1MP, first wobble pump with 0.1MP pressure respectively by valve A, valve B, the first oil pipe, the second oil pipe and first pair of lifting jack, the second wobble pump with 0.1MP pressure respectively by valve
valve
3rd oil pipe, the 4th oil pipe and second pair of lifting jack, test specimen model respectively by valve E, valve F, the 5th oil pipe, the 6th oil pipe and the 3rd pair of lifting jack, is fixed on desired location with 0.1MP pressure by the 3rd wobble pump, and compression makes it motionless;
(2) oil pressure of the second wobble pump is strengthened again, valve
and valve
all open, oil pressure surface through about second pair of jack pair test specimen model applies the pressure σ 2 set, and also has same pressure, valve-off in accumulator simultaneously
and valve
(3) then strengthen the oil pressure of the first wobble pump, valve A and valve B all opens, and oil pressure next top on first pair of jack pair test specimen model applies pressure σ 1; Valve-off A and valve B,
(4) finally strengthen the oil pressure of the 3rd wobble pump, valve E and valve F all opens, and oil pressure applies level to pressure σ 3 through the 3rd pair of jack pair test specimen model front and rear surfaces, valve-off E and valve F; Wherein, pressure σ 2 and σ 3 is all lateral pressure, and direction is orthogonal;
(5) if accumulator can not ensure that lateral pressure σ 2 is constant, pressure-release valve is used
put at a slow speed a bit oily to keep σ 2 constant;
(6) and then continue to enable the first wobble pump, open valve A and valve B, then continue intensified pressure σ 1; So repeatedly adjust.
In described step 1), rocks resin test specimen model preparation method is:
Starting material comprise the hardening agent that model is CY-39 type resin and YS-T31 type, both mass ratio 100:34 or volume ratio 100:41; Concrete steps are:
(1) material weighs
Require to weigh to test starting material according to matching design: resin, hardening agent;
(2) material mix
Resin and hardening agent are poured in churn by match ratio, constantly stir with glass bar and make it to be thoroughly mixed to form compound, the material of container bottom and sidewall locations should be noted emphatically during stirring, this part material should be made also fully to mix, then put into vacuum tank and do bubble removing process half an hour;
(3) cast molding and maintenance
The mould presetting three-dimensional fracture is made up of 5 pieces of complete transparent poly (methyl methacrylate) plates.Be the quadrangle box of a side opening, and by organic insulation silicone grease sealing formation entirety; Diverse location boring on plate face, the quadrangle box left and right sides, with fine rule tractive, connect and fixing prefabricated crack, fine rule two ends are fixed in the hole in biside plate face, play the effect of accurately location, produce three-dimensional fracture (group) the test specimen model containing different number, different angles, diverse location.Because organic glass mould has the good transparency, whole test specimen mold curing process can be observed directly, and the change of observable and control crack sheet position in a reservoir.The angle of definition fissure-plane and surface level is the inclination angle of three-dimensional fracture, by the mould of development can preset inclination angle be the multiple angles such as 60 °, 45 °, 30 ° contain three-dimensional fracture (group) test specimen model; Also can the three-dimensional fracture group test specimen model of preset different number, as two crack, three cracks, four cracks etc.; Can also prefabricated longitudinal type, interior shift, three-dimensional fracture group test specimen model to the various cracks combination such as top type.
The prefabricated crack connecting water injection pipe is: by identical for two panels oval prefabricated crack, by home built O type plasticine sealing ring, marginal adhesion is got up, upper and lower two are stacked together and form the thin cavity of ellipse of hollow, and hole in prefabricated crack center, side and draw water injection conduit in advance, then thin for ellipse cavity is pasted the correspondence position of cotton thread.In said process, each junction strictly must seal with glue.
The mould presetting three-dimensional fracture is placed on worktable, is prepared by step (2) and the compound glass bar drainage processed enters cast molding in mould; After casting, mould is put into vacuum tank and do bubble removing process 20 ~ 25 minutes, then put into 18 DEG C of constant temperature blast drying oven maintenances 36 ~ 40 hours; When possessed be greater than 50MPa mechanical strength after namely remove mould; Test specimen model after the demoulding being put into constant temperature is that 70 DEG C of constant temperature blast drying oven maintenances can complete making after 48 ~ 50 hours.
Prefabricated crack adopts thickness to be the mica sheet of 0.12mm.Compared with other material (as sheet metal (copper sheet, aluminium flake etc.), polyethylene sheets etc.), mica sheet rigidity is low, can not retrain test specimen model deformation, facilitate the location in crack and the crack be stored in rock mass closer to tax.And accurate in order to ensure slot dimensions, make the oval steel mold of three kinds of specifications, mica sheet can have been tailored into accurate ellipse, avoid the scale error that in forefathers' test, hammer-shears brings.
Oval steel mold comprises upper plate, base and some guideposts, and described guidepost lower end is fixed on base, and upper plate is set in and on the guidepost that can move up and down along it; Be provided with the cavity towards base one lateral opening in described base, base upper surface is provided with the slotted eye communicated with described cavity.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the brittleness degree that the present invention adopts and the good resin test specimen model of transparency, can the expansion situation in crack in direct vision Hydraulic Fracturing Tests; Solve the difficult problem being difficult to prefabricated crack in Hydraulic Fracturing Tests in test specimen model; Overcome the technical difficulty problem of preset hollow crack and water filling in test specimen model, setting-out can be injected with from outside to carry out new test, a step is advanced greatly to the work of forefathers.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the load-strain curve figure being of a size of 50mm*50mm*100mm test specimen model;
Fig. 2 is the test specimen model for Hydraulic Fracturing Tests;
Fig. 3 is the organigram of water injection equipment;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of true triaxial loading equipemtn;
Fig. 5 is the operating process schematic diagram of true triaxial loading equipemtn;
Wherein, 1. motor, 2. body of bolt, 3. Air-tight piston, 4. standpipe, 5. pipeline, 6. the first valve, 7. water tank, 8. pressure transducer, 9. the second valve, 10. aqueduct, 11.O type circle, 12. cushion blocks, 13. test specimen models, 14. water injection conduits, 15. first pairs of lifting jack, 16. second pairs of lifting jack, 17. the 3rd pairs of lifting jack, 18. first oil pipes, 19. second oil pipes, 20. first wobble pump, 21. the 3rd oil pipes; 22. the 4th oil pipes; 23. second wobble pump, 24. accumulators, 25. relief tubes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the test of accompanying drawing and Single Fracture water filling test specimen model, the present invention is further described.
A kind of hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen, comprise water injecting mechanism and load maintainer, described water injecting mechanism comprises electric pressuring actuating equipment, digital control system and hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, electric pressuring actuating equipment comprises bearing, actuating unit bearing being respectively equipped with hard-wired standpipe 4 and can moving forward and backward on bearing, actuating unit by power drive mechanism with to be arranged in standpipe 4 and the Air-tight piston 3 that can move axially along standpipe 4 is connected, standpipe 4 inner chamber is communicated with water inlet/outlet device, standpipe 4 one end is communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the cushion block 12 of hydraulic pressure transmission equipment matches with test specimen model 13, and by load maintainer, cushion block 12 and test specimen model 13 are compressed, digital control system is monitored the pressure transducer 8 that hydraulic pressure pressure changes respectively and is connected with actuating unit and being arranged in standpipe 4.
Standpipe 4 is closed barrel, and its one end has to be passed through and the threaded hole matched with it for power drive mechanism, and the other end has the opening be communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the side of closed barrel one end has the through hole be communicated with water inlet/outlet device.
Actuating unit comprises motor 1, and motor 1 bottom is arranged on track, and track is fixed on bearing, and motor 1, track and bearing are arranged in a housing jointly.Power drive mechanism comprises body of bolt 2, and body of bolt 2 one end is connected with the power output shaft of actuating unit, and the other end is connected with Air-tight piston 3 with the threaded hole through standpipe 4 one end.
Water inlet/outlet device comprises the pipeline 5 be connected with the through hole on standpipe 4, and pipeline 5 is provided with the first valve 6, and pipeline 5 upper end is provided with the water tank 7 communicated with it.
Hydraulic pressure transmission equipment comprises the aqueduct 10 communicated with the opening on standpipe 4, and aqueduct 10 is provided with the second valve 9, and aqueduct 10 other end is connected with cushion block 12.
Cushion block 12 be provided with communicate with aqueduct 10 and the water delivering orifice matched with the water injection conduit 14 of test specimen model 13, and water delivering orifice is recessed into cushion block surface forms circular groove and add O type circle 11(rubber washer in recess edge), the sealing of its interface during in order to ensure that test specimen model is injected with setting-out.
Load maintainer is simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn, this equipment is in the freezing experiment room of-30 DEG C, can guarantee that test is carried out under cryogenic, to ensure the cold shortness of resin test specimen model, described simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn comprises high pressure loading system and counterforce device system, high pressure loading system comprises lifting jack and load plate, one end of lifting jack is connected with load plate, the other end is connected with counterforce device system, and the six pieces of load plate be connected with lifting jack are close on the side, six, front, back, left, right, up, down of test specimen model respectively; The oil inlet and outlet of lifting jack is connected with wobble pump respectively by oil pipe, and forms return line; Counterforce device system comprises model counterforce device, ring flange and counter-force transmission plate, and model counterforce device is connected to form by high-strength coupling bolt by boxlike cast steel member and angle iron component; Counter-force transmission plate one side is near the inwall of model counterforce device, and ring flange is fixed on another opposite flank of counter-force transmission plate by hexagon socket head cap screw, and the lifting jack of high pressure loading system is fixed on ring flange by hexagon socket head cap screw.
As shown in Figure 4, it is three right that lifting jack has, be respectively load on test specimen model upper and lower surface first pair of lifting jack 15, load on second pair of lifting jack 16 on surface about test specimen model and load on the 3rd pair of lifting jack 17 of test specimen model upper and lower surface, every a pair lifting jack is all in parallel to be communicated with corresponding wobble pump by oil pipe.
As shown in Figure 5, being communicated with the first wobble pump 20 with the second oil pipe 19 by two the first oil pipes 18 in parallel into and out of hydraulic fluid port of first pair of lifting jack 15, on described first oil pipe 18 and the second pipe oil pipe 19, correspondence arranges valve A and valve B respectively;
Being communicated with the second wobble pump 23 with the 4th oil pipe 22 by two the 3rd oil pipes 21 in parallel into and out of hydraulic fluid port of second pair of lifting jack 16, on the 3rd oil pipe 21 and the 4th oil pipe 22, correspondence arranges valve respectively
and valve
and valve
and the 4th oil pipe 22 between lifting jack is communicated with accumulator 24 and relief tube 25 respectively, and the oil pipe that accumulator 24 is connected with the 4th oil pipe 22 is provided with valve C, and relief tube 25 is provided with blowdown valve
Being communicated with the 3rd wobble pump with the 6th oil pipe by two the 5th oil pipes in parallel into and out of hydraulic fluid port of 3rd pair of lifting jack, on described 5th oil pipe and the 6th pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve E and valve F(is not shown in FIG. respectively).
Described digital control system comprises dividing potential drop control section and visible human machine interactive interface, and two parts pass through connection.By visible human machine interactive interface part input load instructions, the load instructions process of acquisition is converted to input pressurization execution part after electric signal by dividing potential drop control section, and dynamic monitoring system pressure changes and feeds back to visible human machine interactive interface part and shows in real time and record storage.
Described dividing potential drop control section is made up of pressure monitoring unit, central control unit and Output pressure unit, pressure monitoring unit is connected with central control unit respectively with Output pressure unit, force value is converted into electric signal and feeds back to central control unit by circuit by pressure monitoring unit, shows and store after these force value are converted into digital signal by central control unit in visible human machine interactive interface part; The various instructions that central control unit issuing system loads, central control unit is input to Output pressure unit after the force value inputted on visible human machine interactive interface is converted into electric signal; Output pressure unit performs by Control electric pressuring equipment the control realizing pressurization executive system with this to the start and stop of motor.
The synchronous loading in system energy automatic control model all around, upper and lower three pairs of directions, but the often pair of direction again can independent loads, the very three-dimensional of effective implementation model system loads, and also loads by the one dimension of dividing potential drop control realization model, two and three dimensions.Three-dimensional model test specimen moulded dimension is rectangular parallelepiped, by making cushion block and the guide housing of different size, loads the test specimen model of different size.
Based on a test method for the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen model, comprising:
1) rocks resin test specimen model is prepared;
2) prepare load test, first described test specimen is put into a water tank, then note alcohol in water tank, until liquid level floods the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model; Then water tank is put into vacuum tank and carry out vacuumizing process; Due to the continuous decline of air pressure beyond liquid level, air in water injection conduit in test specimen model and the thin cavity of ellipse can continuous emersion liquid level, alcohol can enter and be full of the cavity of whole test specimen model inside, namely in water injection conduit and the thin cavity of ellipse, then the water tank this being filled test specimen model puts into ultra low temperature freezer, under-20 DEG C of conditions freezing 24 hours;
3) load test; Freezer is set to-20 DEG C, first opens water injecting mechanism, suppress water filling test several times, to drain the air of whole water injection equipment, pipeline and cushion block inside, make it be full of water; Then test specimen model is taken out, the cushion block of water injection equipment is placed in above test specimen model, and the water delivering orifice of cushion block is alignd with the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model, then both are put in simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn, and in the vertical direction load application, make rubber ring produce deformation to ensure the sealing of water injection pipe and cushion block water outlet; According to requirement of experiment, start water filling in visible human machine interactive interface input instruction, start simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn simultaneously, test specimen model is loaded, observe the destructive process in test specimen model crack.
The water of described step 3) is the potpourri of pure water and alcohol, and volume ratio is 1:1, freezes at low temperatures to prevent pure water.
In described step 3) to test specimen model load concrete steps be:
(1) first the first wobble pump 20, second wobble pump 25 and the 3rd wobble pump is enabled with the little pressure of 0.1MP, first wobble pump 20 0.1MP pressure uses 0.1MP pressure respectively by valve respectively by valve A, valve B, the first oil pipe 18, second oil pipe 19 and first pair of lifting jack 15, second wobble pump 25
valve
test specimen model respectively by valve E, valve F, the 5th oil pipe, the 6th oil pipe and the 3rd pair of lifting jack, is fixed on desired location with 0.1MP pressure by the 3rd oil pipe 21, the 4th oil pipe 22 and second pair of lifting jack the 16, three wobble pump, and compresses and make it motionless;
(2) oil pressure of the second wobble pump 25 is strengthened again, valve
and valve
all open, oil pressure surface through about second pair of lifting jack, 16 pairs of test specimen models applies the pressure σ 2 set, and also has same pressure, valve-off in accumulator 23 simultaneously
and valve
(3) then strengthen the oil pressure of the first wobble pump 20, valve A and valve B all opens, and oil pressure next top on first pair of lifting jack, 15 pairs of test specimen models applies pressure σ 1; Valve-off A and valve B;
(4) finally strengthen the oil pressure of the 3rd wobble pump, valve E and valve F all opens, and oil pressure applies level to pressure σ 3 through the 3rd pair of jack pair test specimen model front and rear surfaces, valve-off E and valve F; Wherein, pressure σ 2 and σ 3 is all lateral pressure, and direction is orthogonal; At this moment lateral pressure σ 2 can not produce significant change under accumulator 23 regulating action;
(5) if accumulator 23 can not ensure that lateral pressure σ 2 is constant, pressure-release valve is used
put at a slow speed a bit oily to keep σ 2 constant;
(6) and then continue to enable the first wobble pump 20, open valve A and valve B, then continue intensified pressure σ 1; So repeatedly adjust.
In described step 1), rocks resin test specimen model preparation method is:
Starting material comprise the hardening agent that model is CY-39 type resin and YS-T31 type, both mass ratio 100:34 or volume ratio 100:41; Concrete steps are:
(1) material weighs
Measure CY-39 type resin material 500ml, the hardening agent 200ml of YS-T31 type.
(2) material mix
Resin and hardening agent are poured in churn by match ratio, constantly stir with glass bar and make it to be thoroughly mixed to form compound, the material of container bottom and sidewall locations should be noted emphatically during stirring, this part material should be made also fully to mix, then put into vacuum tank and do bubble removing process half an hour;
(3) cast molding and maintenance
Make the poly (methyl methacrylate) plate two pieces of 50mm*50mm, three pieces of 50mm*100mm, by organic insulation silicone grease sealing formation entirety, i.e. the rectangular parallelepiped that opens wide of a side.Be on the two boards on opposite what be of a size of 50mm*100mm, get out two apertures respectively with small-sized drill, before punching, should first calculate the position determining aperture.Then the cotton thread that use is soft in turn through each aperture, and is strained cotton thread, is fixed; By identical for two panels oval prefabricated crack, by home built O type plasticine sealing ring, marginal adhesion is got up, upper and lower two are stacked together and form the thin cavity of ellipse of hollow, and hole in prefabricated crack center, side and draw water injection conduit in advance, then thin for ellipse cavity is pasted the correspondence position of cotton thread.In said process, each junction strictly must seal with glue.
The mould presetting three-dimensional fracture is placed on worktable, mould inner surface smearing release agent, is prepared by step (2) and the compound glass bar drainage processed enters cast molding in mould; After casting, mould is put into vacuum tank and do bubble removing process 20 ~ 25 minutes, then put into 18 DEG C of constant temperature blast drying oven maintenances 36 ~ 40 hours; When possessed be greater than 50MPa mechanical strength after namely remove mould; Test specimen model after the demoulding being put into constant temperature is that 70 DEG C of constant temperature blast drying oven maintenances can complete making after 48 ~ 50 hours.
Prefabricated crack adopts thickness to be the mica sheet of 0.12mm.Compared with other material (as sheet metal (copper sheet, aluminium flake etc.), polyethylene sheets etc.), mica sheet rigidity is low, can not retrain test specimen model deformation, facilitate the location in crack and the crack be stored in rock mass closer to tax.And accurate in order to ensure slot dimensions, make the oval steel mold of three kinds of specifications, mica sheet can have been tailored into accurate ellipse, avoid the scale error that in forefathers' test, hammer-shears brings.
Oval steel mold comprises upper plate, base and some guideposts, and described guidepost lower end is fixed on base, and upper plate is set in and on the guidepost that can move up and down along it; Be provided with the cavity towards base one lateral opening in described base, base upper surface is provided with the slotted eye communicated with described cavity.
(3) preliminary work of load test
First test specimen model must be put into the water tank of a capacity 1L, then in water tank, note alcohol (condensation point is low, can not use water), until liquid level floods the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model; Then water tank is put into vacuum tank to carry out vacuumizing process.Due to the continuous decline of air pressure beyond liquid level, the air in water injection conduit and the thin cavity of ellipse can continuous emersion liquid level, and alcohol can enter and be full of the cavity of whole test specimen model inside, i.e. water injection conduit and the thin cavity of ellipse.Then the water tank this being filled test specimen model puts into ultra low temperature freezer, under-20 DEG C of conditions freezing 24 hours (can not use water, be exactly in order to anti-process is here frozen).
(4) load test
Freezer is set to-20 DEG C.First open water injecting mechanism, suppress water filling test several times, to drain the air of whole water injection equipment, pipeline and cushion block inside, make it be full of water.Then test specimen model is taken out, the cushion block special of water injection equipment is placed in above test specimen model, and the water delivering orifice of cushion block is alignd with the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model, then both are put in three axle loading equipemtns, and in the vertical direction applies certain load, rubber ring is made to produce deformation to ensure the sealing of water injection pipe and cushion block water outlet; According to requirement of experiment, start water filling in visible human machine interactive interface input instruction, open dynamic triaxial loading equipemtn simultaneously, according to previous optimization steps and method, test specimen model is loaded, observe the destructive process in test specimen model crack.(note: " water " of indication is herein the water of certain proportioning and the potpourri of alcohol, to prevent from freezing at low temperatures.）
The rock-like materials of preparation like this has good fragility and high transparent at a lower temperature, presents the fracture characteristic of fragility when pressurizeing.Tension-compression specific intensity can reach 1/6.6 at-15 DEG C, more taller than the brittleness degree of forefathers under-50 DEG C of cryogenic conditions.When-15 DEG C, its corresponding mechanics parameter is as follows:
This rocks resin material transparency is high, the rupture process that test specimen model can be observed clearly inner after the pressurizing and the germinating in crack, expansion and evolutionary process.Therefore the research of rock fracture propagation law is applicable to.Solve the difficult problem being difficult to prefabricated hollow crack in Hydraulic Fracturing Tests in test specimen model; Can be injected with setting-out from outside to carry out new test, senior general's previous work has pushed ahead a step.More than particularly the Tension-compression specific intensity (brittleness degree index) of new material is doubled than the corresponding index of domestic and international forefathers' material therefor.Should think more close to the brittleness degree of true rock.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the test method based on the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen, the described hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen, comprise water injecting mechanism and load maintainer, described water injecting mechanism comprises electric pressuring actuating equipment, digital control system and hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, electric pressuring actuating equipment comprises bearing, actuating unit bearing being respectively equipped with hard-wired standpipe and can move forward and backward on bearing, actuating unit by power drive mechanism with to be arranged in standpipe and the Air-tight piston that can move axially along standpipe is connected, standpipe inner chamber is communicated with water inlet/outlet device, standpipe one end is communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the cushion block of hydraulic pressure transmission equipment matches with test specimen model, and by load maintainer, cushion block and test specimen model are compressed, digital control system is monitored the pressure transducer that hydraulic pressure pressure changes respectively and is connected with actuating unit and being arranged in standpipe, it is characterized in that, comprising:
1) rocks resin test specimen model is prepared;
2) prepare load test, first described test specimen model is put into a water tank, then note alcohol in water tank, until liquid level floods the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model; Then water tank is put into vacuum tank and carry out vacuumizing process; Due to the continuous decline of air pressure beyond liquid level, air in water injection conduit in test specimen model and the thin cavity of ellipse can continuous emersion liquid level, alcohol can enter and be full of the cavity of whole test specimen model inside, namely in water injection conduit and the thin cavity of ellipse, then the water tank this being filled test specimen model puts into ultra low temperature freezer, under-20 DEG C of conditions freezing 24 hours;
3) load test; Freezer is set to-20 DEG C, first opens water injecting mechanism, suppress water filling test several times, to drain the air of whole water injection equipment, pipeline and cushion block inside, make it be full of water; Then test specimen model is taken out, the cushion block of water injection equipment is placed in above test specimen model, and the water delivering orifice of cushion block is alignd with the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model, then both are put in simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn, and in the vertical direction load application, make rubber washer produce deformation to ensure the sealing of water injection conduit and cushion block water outlet; According to requirement of experiment, start water filling in visible human machine interactive interface input instruction, start simple and easy true triaxial loading equipemtn simultaneously, test specimen model is loaded, observe the destructive process in test specimen model crack; Described water is the potpourri of pure water and alcohol, and volume ratio is 1:1, freezes at low temperatures to prevent pure water.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the test method of the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen, it is characterized in that, described standpipe is closed barrel, its one end has to be passed through and the threaded hole matched with it for power drive mechanism, the other end has the opening be communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the side of closed barrel one end has the through hole be communicated with water inlet/outlet device.
3., as claimed in claim 2 based on the test method of the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen, it is characterized in that, described actuating unit comprises motor, and motor bottom is arranged on track, and track is fixed on bearing;
Described power drive mechanism comprises body of bolt, and body of bolt one end is connected with the power output shaft of actuating unit, and the other end is connected with Air-tight piston with the threaded hole through standpipe one end;
Described water inlet/outlet device comprises the pipeline be connected with the through hole on standpipe, and pipeline is provided with the first valve, and pipeline upper end is provided with the water tank communicated with it.
4. as claimed in claim 2 based on the test method of the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen, it is characterized in that, described hydraulic pressure transmission equipment comprises the aqueduct communicated with the opening on standpipe, and aqueduct is provided with the second valve, and the aqueduct other end is connected with cushion block.
5. as claimed in claim 4 based on the test method of the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen, it is characterized in that, described cushion block be provided with communicate with aqueduct and the water delivering orifice matched with the water injection conduit of test specimen model, and water delivering orifice is recessed into cushion block surface forms circular groove and add rubber washer in recess edge.
6. as claimed in claim 1 based on the test method of the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen, it is characterized in that, described load maintainer comprises high pressure loading system and counterforce device system, high pressure loading system comprises lifting jack and load plate, one end of lifting jack is connected with load plate, the other end is connected with counterforce device system, and the six pieces of load plate be connected with lifting jack are close on the side, six, front, back, left, right, up, down of test specimen model respectively; The oil inlet and outlet of lifting jack is connected with wobble pump respectively by oil pipe, and forms return line; Counterforce device system comprises model counterforce device, ring flange and counter-force transmission plate, and model counterforce device is connected to form by high-strength coupling bolt by boxlike cast steel member and angle iron component; Counter-force transmission plate one side is near the inwall of model counterforce device, and ring flange is fixed on another opposite flank of counter-force transmission plate by hexagon socket head cap screw, and the lifting jack of high pressure loading system is fixed on ring flange by hexagon socket head cap screw.
7. as claimed in claim 6 based on the test method of the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen, it is characterized in that, it is three right that described lifting jack has, be respectively load on test specimen model upper and lower surface first pair of lifting jack, load on second pair of lifting jack on surface about test specimen model and load on the 3rd pair of lifting jack of test specimen model upper and lower surface, every a pair lifting jack is all in parallel to be communicated with corresponding wobble pump by oil pipe;
Being communicated with the first wobble pump with the second oil pipe by two the first oil pipes in parallel into and out of hydraulic fluid port of first pair of lifting jack, on described first oil pipe and the second pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve A and valve B respectively;
Being communicated with the second wobble pump with the 4th oil pipe by two the 3rd oil pipes in parallel into and out of hydraulic fluid port of second pair of lifting jack, on the 3rd oil pipe and the 4th oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve respectively
and valve
and valve
and the 4th oil pipe between lifting jack is communicated with accumulator and relief tube respectively, and the oil pipe that accumulator is connected with the 4th oil pipe is provided with valve C, and relief tube is provided with blowdown valve
Being communicated with the 3rd wobble pump with the 6th oil pipe by two the 5th oil pipes in parallel into and out of hydraulic fluid port of 3rd pair of lifting jack, on described 5th oil pipe and the 6th pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve E and valve F respectively.
8., as claimed in claim 1 based on the test method of the hydrofracturing water filling charger of rocks resin test specimen, it is characterized in that, described digital control system comprises dividing potential drop control section and visible human machine interactive interface, and two parts pass through connection;
Described dividing potential drop control section is made up of pressure monitoring unit, central control unit and Output pressure unit, pressure monitoring unit is connected with central control unit respectively with Output pressure unit, force value is converted into electric signal and feeds back to central control unit by circuit by pressure monitoring unit, shows and store after these force value are converted into digital signal by central control unit in visible human machine interactive interface part; The various instructions that issuing system loads by central control unit, central control unit is input to Output pressure unit after the force value inputted on visible human machine interactive interface is converted into electric signal; Output pressure unit performs by Control electric pressuring equipment the control realizing pressurization executive system with this to the start and stop of motor.
9. concrete steps loaded to test specimen model be the method for claim 1, is characterized in that, described 3):
(1) first the first wobble pump, the second wobble pump and the 3rd wobble pump is enabled with the little pressure of 0.1MP, first wobble pump with 0.1MP pressure respectively by valve A, valve B, the first oil pipe, the second oil pipe and first pair of lifting jack, the second wobble pump with 0.1MP pressure respectively by valve
valve
3rd oil pipe, the 4th oil pipe and second pair of lifting jack, test specimen model respectively by valve E, valve F, the 5th oil pipe, the 6th oil pipe and the 3rd pair of lifting jack, is fixed on desired location with 0.1MP pressure by the 3rd wobble pump, and compression makes it motionless;
(2) oil pressure of the second wobble pump is strengthened again, valve
and valve
all open, oil pressure surface through about second pair of jack pair test specimen model applies the pressure σ 2 set, and also has same pressure, valve-off in accumulator simultaneously
and valve
(3) then strengthen the oil pressure of the first wobble pump, valve A and valve B all opens, and oil pressure next top on first pair of jack pair test specimen model applies pressure σ 1; Valve-off A and valve B;
(4) finally strengthen the oil pressure of the 3rd wobble pump, valve E and valve F all opens, and oil pressure applies level to pressure σ 3 through the 3rd pair of jack pair test specimen model front and rear surfaces, valve-off E and valve F; Wherein, pressure σ 2 and σ 3 is all lateral pressure, and direction is orthogonal;
(5) if accumulator can not ensure that lateral pressure σ 2 is constant, pressure-release valve is used
put at a slow speed a bit oily to keep σ 2 constant;
(6) and then continue to enable the first wobble pump, open valve A and valve B, then continue intensified pressure σ 1; So repeatedly adjust.
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