CN203688366U - Hydraulic fracturing water injection loading device based on rock-like resin test piece - Google Patents
Hydraulic fracturing water injection loading device based on rock-like resin test piece Download PDFInfo
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- CN203688366U CN203688366U CN201420048448.6U CN201420048448U CN203688366U CN 203688366 U CN203688366 U CN 203688366U CN 201420048448 U CN201420048448 U CN 201420048448U CN 203688366 U CN203688366 U CN 203688366U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a hydraulic fracturing water injection loading device based on a rock-like resin test piece. The device comprises a water injection mechanism and a loading mechanism, wherein the water injection mechanism comprises electric pressurization execution equipment, a digital control system and water pressure conduction equipment; the electric pressurization execution equipment comprises a support base; a fixedly mounted water storage tube and a power mechanism which can move horizontally on the support base are respectively arranged on the support base; the power mechanism is connected with a sealing piston through the power conduction mechanism; the sealing piston is arranged in the water storage tube and can move along the axial direction of the water storage tube; an inner chamber of the water storage tube is communicated with a water entering/taking out device; one end of the water storage tube is communicated with pressure conduction equipment; a cushion block of the pressure conduction equipment is matched with a test piece model; the cushion block and the test piece model are compressed through the loading mechanism; the digital control system is respectively connected with the power mechanism and a pressure sensor which is arranged inside the water storage tube and is used for monitoring the water pressure change. By adopting the device, the technical difficulty that a hollow crack is pre-set in the test piece model and water is injected is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen.
Background technology
The destructive process of hard brittle material and internal crack expansion Evolution are the Focal point and difficult points that comprises the solid mechanics research of rock mechanics always.Because generally containing many three-dimensional fracture in rock mass and majority is hollow, they affect distortion and the strength characteristics of rock mass consumingly.So the expansion of three-dimensional fracture or other material and Evolution are one of key content of ROCK MECHANICS RESEARCH always.
At present, shop experiment is the main research means of three-dimensional fracture propagation law in study of rocks.The making of built-in three-dimensional fracture is mainly to realize by prior pre-buried polyester sheet or sheet metal in the process of making test specimen, and the accurate location (inclination angle, locus etc.) of three-dimensional hollow crack in test specimen is the key (being also the basis of analytical test result) whether testing successfully.Because this technology has suitable difficulty, research is containing three-dimensional hollow crack and can note therein water test, and not yet someone did or be at least very rare.
Hydrofracturing aspect is not a lot of with the work of laboratory method research Hydraulic Fracturing Mechanism.Domestic only have with a small amount of rock block or mortar block from the outside punching research of doing experiment; Adopt organic glass to carry out simulation rock body from punching Dao Qi center, outside some scholar of the U.S., then inject and produce splitting crack with hydraulic pressure or air pressure.These test methods above, its shortcoming is the former because test specimen is opaque, the inner prefabricated crack that is difficult to is also difficult to the evolution of following the trail of and recording internal rupture, so it is very difficult to study its failure mechanism.Even if having indivedual scholars to do crack by cold cycling legal system, but there is stochastic distribution in crack, is difficult to do replica test.And crack is communicated to test specimen surface, inside is difficult to pass into high hydraulic pressure, so there is larger defect.As for abroad Alpern, J(2012 when the research shale gas breathable technology) adopt organic glass to make test specimen, although can see the development of its internal rupture clearly, mechanical characteristic and the rock character of organic glass are too wide in the gap, its representativeness is poor.And organic glass is difficult to prefabricated certain crack therein, be more difficult to make hollow crack, so they only study in the middle of test specimen the situation without crack in advance,, from the enter method of direct pressure break of outside drilling, this accomplishes than being easier to.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is for overcoming above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, and a kind of hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen containing three-dimensional hollow crack is provided.
For achieving the above object, the utility model adopts following technical proposals:
A hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen, comprises water injecting mechanism and load maintainer,
Described water injecting mechanism comprises electric pressuring actuating equipment, digital control system and hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, electric pressuring actuating equipment comprises bearing, the actuating unit that is respectively equipped with hard-wired standpipe on bearing and can moves forward and backward on bearing, actuating unit by power drive mechanism be arranged at standpipe in and can be connected along the axially movable Air-tight piston of standpipe, standpipe inner chamber is communicated with Inlet and outlet water device, standpipe one end is communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the cushion block of hydraulic pressure transmission equipment matches with test specimen model, and by load maintainer, cushion block and test specimen model are compressed, digital control system is respectively with actuating unit and be arranged at and monitor the pressure transducer that hydraulic pressure pressure changes in standpipe and be connected.
Described standpipe is closed barrel, its one end have for power drive mechanism by and the threaded hole that matches with it, the other end has the opening being communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, has the through hole being communicated with Inlet and outlet water device on the side of closed barrel one end.
Described actuating unit comprises motor, and motor bottom is arranged on track, and track is fixed on bearing.
Described power drive mechanism comprises body of bolt, and body of bolt one end is connected with the power output shaft of actuating unit, and the other end is connected with Air-tight piston with the threaded hole through standpipe one end.
Described Inlet and outlet water device comprises the pipeline being connected with the through hole on standpipe, and pipeline is provided with the first valve, and pipeline upper end is provided with the water tank communicating with it.
Described hydraulic pressure transmission equipment comprises the aqueduct communicating with the opening on standpipe, and aqueduct is provided with the second valve, and the aqueduct other end is connected with cushion block.
Described cushion block is provided with the water delivering orifice communicating with aqueduct and match with the water injection conduit of test specimen model, and the recessed cushion block of water delivering orifice surface forms circular groove and also adds rubber washer in recess edge, the sealing of its interface when guaranteeing that test specimen model is injected with setting-out.
Described load maintainer is simple and easy true three axle loading equipemtns, this equipment is in the freezing experiment chamber of-30 ℃, can guarantee to test and carry out under cryogenic conditions, to guarantee the cold shortness of resin test specimen model, described simple and easy true three axle loading equipemtns comprise high pressure loading system and counterforce device system, high pressure loading system comprises lifting jack and load plate, one end of lifting jack is connected with load plate, the other end is connected with counterforce device system, and six load plate that are connected with lifting jack are close to respectively on the Liu Ge side, front, back, left, right, up, down of test specimen model; The oil inlet and outlet of lifting jack is connected with wobble pump by oil pipe respectively, and forms return line; Counterforce device system comprises model counterforce device, ring flange and counter-force transmission plate, and model counterforce device is connected to form by high-strength coupling bolt by boxlike cast steel member and angle iron component; Counter-force transmission plate one side is near the inwall of model counterforce device, and ring flange is fixed on another opposite flank of counter-force transmission plate by hexagon socket head cap screw, and the lifting jack of high pressure loading system is fixed on ring flange by hexagon socket head cap screw.
Described lifting jack has three pairs, be respectively load on test specimen model upper and lower surface first pair of lifting jack, load on second pair of lifting jack on test specimen model left and right surface and load on the 3rd pair of lifting jack of test specimen model upper and lower surface, every a pair of lifting jack is all in parallel by oil pipe and corresponding wobble pump connection.
Being communicated with the first wobble pump by two the first oil pipes in parallel and the second oil pipe into and out of hydraulic fluid port of first pair of lifting jack, on described the first oil pipe and the second pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve A and valve B respectively;
Being communicated with the second wobble pump by two the 3rd oil pipes in parallel and the 4th oil pipe into and out of hydraulic fluid port of second pair of lifting jack, on the 3rd oil pipe and the 4th oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve respectively
and valve
and valve
and on the 4th oil pipe between lifting jack, be communicated with respectively accumulator and relief tube, accumulator is provided with valve C with the oil pipe that the 4th oil pipe is connected, and relief tube is provided with blowdown valve
Being communicated with the 3rd wobble pump by two the 5th oil pipes in parallel and the 6th oil pipe into and out of hydraulic fluid port of the 3rd pair of lifting jack, on described the 5th oil pipe and the 6th pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve E and valve F respectively.
Described digital control system comprises dividing potential drop control section and visible human machine interactive interface, and two parts are passed through connection.By visible human machine interactive interface part input load instructions, dividing potential drop control section converts the load instructions processing of acquisition to after electric signal input pressurization operating part, and dynamic monitoring system pressure changes and feeds back to that visible human machine interactive interface part is real-time to be shown and record storage.
Described dividing potential drop control section is made up of pressure monitoring unit, central control unit and Output pressure unit, pressure monitoring unit is connected with central control unit respectively with Output pressure unit, pressure monitoring unit is converted into electric signal by force value and feeds back to central control unit by circuit, and central control unit shows and storage after these force value are converted into digital signal in visible human machine interactive interface part; The various instructions that central control unit issuing system loads, central control unit is input to Output pressure unit after the force value of inputting on visible human machine interactive interface is converted into electric signal; Output pressure unit is carried out the start and stop of motor is realized to the control to pressurization executive system with this by Control electric pressuring equipment.
The synchronous loading of system energy automatic control model all around, upper and lower three pairs of directions, but the every pair of direction again can independent loads, and effectively very three-dimensional loading of implementation model system, also can load by the one dimension of point pressure-controlled implementation model, two and three dimensions.Three-dimensional model test specimen moulded dimension is rectangular parallelepiped, can, by making cushion block and the guide housing of different size, load the test specimen model of different size.
A test method for hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen model, comprising:
1) prepare rocks resin test specimen model;
2) prepare load test, first described test specimen model is put into a water tank, then note alcohol in water tank, until liquid level floods the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model; Then water tank is put into vacuum tank and vacuumize processing; Due to the continuous decline of air pressure beyond liquid level, air in water injection conduit in test specimen model and oval thin cavity can continuous emersion liquid level, alcohol can enter and be full of the cavity of whole test specimen model inside, be in water injection conduit and oval thin cavity, then the water tank that this is filled to test specimen model is put into ultra low temperature freezer, under-20 ℃ of conditions freezing 24 hours;
3) load test; Freezer is made as to-20 ℃, first opens water injecting mechanism, suppress several times water filling test, to drain the air of whole water injection equipment, pipeline and cushion block inside, make it be full of water; Then take out test specimen model, the cushion block of water injection equipment is placed in to test specimen model top, and the water delivering orifice of cushion block is alignd with the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model, then both are put in simple and easy true three axle loading equipemtns, and in the vertical direction load application, make rubber ring produce deformation to guarantee the sealing of water injection pipe and cushion block water outlet; According to requirement of experiment, start water filling in visible human machine interactive interface input instruction, start simple and easy true three axle loading equipemtns simultaneously, test specimen model is loaded, observe the destructive process in test specimen model crack.
The water of described step 3) is the potpourri of pure water and alcohol, and volume ratio is 1:1, to prevent that pure water from freezing at low temperatures.
In described step 3) to test specimen model load concrete steps be:
(1) first enable the first wobble pump, the second wobble pump and the 3rd wobble pump with the little pressure of 0.1MP, the first wobble pump is with 0.1MP pressure respectively by valve A, valve B, the first oil pipe, the second oil pipe and first pair of lifting jack, and the second wobble pump passes through respectively valve with 0.1MP pressure
valve
the 3rd oil pipe, the 4th oil pipe and second pair of lifting jack, the 3rd wobble pump respectively by valve E, valve F, the 5th oil pipe, the 6th oil pipe and the 3rd pair of lifting jack, test specimen model is fixed on to desired location, and compression makes it motionless with 0.1MP pressure;
(2) strengthen again the oil pressure of the second wobble pump, valve
and valve
all open, oil pressure applies through surface, second pair of jack pair test specimen model left and right the pressure σ 2 setting, and also has same pressure, valve-off simultaneously in accumulator
and valve
(3) then strengthen the oil pressure of the first wobble pump, valve A and valve B all open, and on first pair of jack pair test specimen model, oil pressure is exerted pressure σ 1 in next top; Valve-off A and valve B,
(4) finally strengthen the oil pressure of the 3rd wobble pump, valve E and valve F all open, and oil pressure applies level to pressure σ 3, valve-off E and valve F through the 3rd pair of jack pair test specimen model front and rear surfaces; Wherein, pressure σ 2 and σ 3 are all lateral pressure, and direction is orthogonal;
(5) if accumulator can not guarantee that lateral pressure σ 2 is constant, use pressure-release valve
put at a slow speed a bit oily to keep σ 2 constant;
(6) and then continue to enable the first wobble pump, open valve A and valve B, then continue intensified pressure σ 1; So repeatedly adjust.
In described step 1), rocks resin test specimen model preparation method is:
Starting material comprise that model is the hardening agent of CY-39 type resin and YS-T31 type, both mass ratio 100:34 or volume ratio 100:41; Concrete steps are:
(1) material weighs
Require to weigh to test starting material according to matching design: resin, hardening agent;
(2) material mix
Resin and hardening agent are poured in churn by match ratio, constantly stir and make it to be thoroughly mixed to form compound with glass bar, when stirring, should note emphatically the material of container bottom and sidewall locations, should make this part material also fully mix, then put into vacuum tank do bubble removing process half an hour;
(3) cast molding and maintenance
The mould that presets three-dimensional fracture is made up of 5 complete transparent poly (methyl methacrylate) plates.Be the square box body of a side opening, and form an entirety by the sealing of organic insulation silicone grease; Diverse location boring on the plate face of the square box body left and right sides, with fine rule tractive, connection and fixing prefabricated crack, fine rule two ends are fixed in the hole of biside plate face, play the effect of accurate location, produce three-dimensional fracture (group) the test specimen model containing different numbers, different angles, diverse location.Because organic glass mould has the good transparency, can observe directly whole test specimen mold curing process, and the variation of observable and sheet position in container, control crack.The inclination angle that the angle of definition fissure-plane and surface level is three-dimensional fracture, the mould by development can preset inclination angle be the multiple angles such as 60 °, 45 °, 30 ° contain three-dimensional fracture (group) test specimen model; Also three-dimensional fracture group test specimen model that can preset different numbers, as two cracks, three cracks, four cracks etc.; Can also prefabricated longitudinal type, interior shift, three-dimensional fracture group test specimen model to various cracks combinations such as top types.
The prefabricated crack that connects water injection pipe is: by two identical oval prefabricated cracks, by home built O type plasticine sealing ring, edge is bonded together, upper and lower two are stacked together and form the thin cavity of ellipse of hollow, and hole in a side prefabricated crack center in advance and draw water injection conduit, then thin ellipse cavity is pasted to the correspondence position of cotton thread.In said process, each junction must strictly seal with glue.
The mould that presets three-dimensional fracture is placed on worktable, is prepared by step (2) and the compound glass bar drainage processed enters cast molding in mould; After casting, mould is put into vacuum tank and done bubble removing processing 20～25 minutes, then put into 18 ℃ of constant temperature blast drying oven maintenances 36～40 hours; After the 50MPa of being greater than mechanical strength, remove mould when having possessed; It is that 70 ℃ of constant temperature blast drying oven maintenances can complete making after 48～50 hours that test specimen model after the demoulding is put into constant temperature.
Prefabricated crack adopts the mica sheet that thickness is 0.12mm.Compared with other material (as sheet metal (copper sheet, aluminium flake etc.), polyethylene sheets etc.), mica sheet rigidity is low, can not retrain test specimen model deformation, facilitate the location in crack and more approaching tax to be stored in the crack in rock mass.And in order to ensure crack size accurately, the oval steel mold of having made three kinds of specifications, can tailor mica sheet into accurate ellipse, has avoided the scale error that in forefathers' test, hammer-shears system is brought.
Oval steel mold comprises upper plate, base and some guideposts, and described guidepost lower end is fixed on base, on the guidepost that upper plate is set in and can moves up and down along it; In described base, be provided with towards the cavity of base one lateral opening, base upper surface is provided with the slotted eye communicating with described cavity.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are, brittleness degree and the good resin test specimen model of transparency that the utility model adopts, the expansion situation that can intuitively observe crack in Hydraulic Fracturing Tests; Solve a difficult problem that is difficult to prefabricated crack in Hydraulic Fracturing Tests in test specimen model; The technical difficulty problem that has overcome preset hollow crack and water filling in test specimen model, can be injected with setting-out and carry out new test from outside, forefathers' work is greatly pushed away and gone a step further.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the load-strain curve figure that is of a size of 50mm*50mm*100mm test specimen model;
Fig. 2 is the test specimen model for Hydraulic Fracturing Tests;
Fig. 3 is the organigram of water injection equipment;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of true three axle loading equipemtns;
Fig. 5 is the operating process schematic diagram of true three axle loading equipemtns;
Wherein, 1. motor, 2. body of bolt, 3. Air-tight piston, 4. standpipe, 5. pipeline, 6. the first valve, 7. water tank, 8. pressure transducer, 9. the second valve, 10. aqueduct, 11.O type circle, 12. cushion blocks, 13. test specimen models, 14. water injection conduits, 15. first pairs of lifting jack, 16. second pairs of lifting jack, 17. the 3rd pairs of lifting jack, 18. first oil pipes, 19. second oil pipes, 20. first wobble pump, 21. the 3rd oil pipes; 22. the 4th oil pipes; 23. second wobble pump, 24. accumulators, 25. relief tubes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the test of accompanying drawing and Single Fracture water filling test specimen model, the utility model is further illustrated.
A kind of hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen, comprise water injecting mechanism and load maintainer, described water injecting mechanism comprises electric pressuring actuating equipment, digital control system and hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, electric pressuring actuating equipment comprises bearing, the actuating unit that is respectively equipped with hard-wired standpipe 4 on bearing and can moves forward and backward on bearing, actuating unit by power drive mechanism be arranged at standpipe 4 in and can be connected along the axially movable Air-tight piston 3 of standpipe 4, standpipe 4 inner chambers are communicated with Inlet and outlet water device, standpipe 4 one end are communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the cushion block 12 of hydraulic pressure transmission equipment matches with test specimen model 13, and by load maintainer, cushion block 12 and test specimen model 13 are compressed, digital control system is respectively with actuating unit and be arranged at and monitor the pressure transducer 8 that hydraulic pressure pressure changes in standpipe 4 and be connected.
Standpipe 4 is closed barrel, its one end have for power drive mechanism by and the threaded hole that matches with it, the other end has the opening being communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, has the through hole being communicated with Inlet and outlet water device on the side of closed barrel one end.
Actuating unit comprises motor 1, and motor 1 bottom is arranged on track, and track is fixed on bearing, and motor 1, track and bearing are arranged in a housing jointly.Power drive mechanism comprises body of bolt 2, and body of bolt 2 one end are connected with the power output shaft of actuating unit, and the other end is connected with Air-tight piston 3 with the threaded hole through standpipe 4 one end.
Inlet and outlet water device comprises the pipeline 5 being connected with the through hole on standpipe 4, and pipeline 5 is provided with the first valve 6, and pipeline 5 upper ends are provided with the water tank 7 communicating with it.
Hydraulic pressure transmission equipment comprises the aqueduct 10 communicating with the opening on standpipe 4, and aqueduct 10 is provided with the second valve 9, and aqueduct 10 other ends are connected with cushion block 12.
Load maintainer is simple and easy true three axle loading equipemtns, this equipment is in the freezing experiment chamber of-30 ℃, can guarantee to test and carry out under cryogenic conditions, to guarantee the cold shortness of resin test specimen model, described simple and easy true three axle loading equipemtns comprise high pressure loading system and counterforce device system, high pressure loading system comprises lifting jack and load plate, one end of lifting jack is connected with load plate, the other end is connected with counterforce device system, and six load plate that are connected with lifting jack are close to respectively on the Liu Ge side, front, back, left, right, up, down of test specimen model; The oil inlet and outlet of lifting jack is connected with wobble pump by oil pipe respectively, and forms return line; Counterforce device system comprises model counterforce device, ring flange and counter-force transmission plate, and model counterforce device is connected to form by high-strength coupling bolt by boxlike cast steel member and angle iron component; Counter-force transmission plate one side is near the inwall of model counterforce device, and ring flange is fixed on another opposite flank of counter-force transmission plate by hexagon socket head cap screw, and the lifting jack of high pressure loading system is fixed on ring flange by hexagon socket head cap screw.
As shown in Figure 4, lifting jack has three pairs, be respectively load on test specimen model upper and lower surface first pair of lifting jack 15, load on second pair of lifting jack 16 on test specimen model left and right surface and load on the 3rd pair of lifting jack 17 of test specimen model upper and lower surface, every a pair of lifting jack is all in parallel by oil pipe and corresponding wobble pump connection.
As shown in Figure 5, being communicated with the first wobble pump 20 by two the first oil pipes 18 in parallel and the second oil pipe 19 into and out of hydraulic fluid port of first pair of lifting jack 15, on described the first oil pipe 18 and the second pipe oil pipe 19, correspondence arranges valve A and valve B respectively;
Being communicated with the second wobble pump 23 by two the 3rd oil pipes 21 in parallel and the 4th oil pipe 22 into and out of hydraulic fluid port of second pair of lifting jack 16, on the 3rd oil pipe 21 and the 4th oil pipe 22, correspondence arranges valve respectively
and valve
and valve
and on the 4th oil pipe 22 between lifting jack, be communicated with respectively accumulator 24 and relief tube 25, accumulator 24 is provided with valve C with the oil pipe that the 4th oil pipe 22 is connected, and relief tube 25 is provided with blowdown valve
Being communicated with the 3rd wobble pump by two the 5th oil pipes in parallel and the 6th oil pipe into and out of hydraulic fluid port of the 3rd pair of lifting jack, on described the 5th oil pipe and the 6th pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve E and valve F(is not shown in FIG. respectively).
Digital control system comprises dividing potential drop control section and visible human machine interactive interface, and two parts are passed through connection.By visible human machine interactive interface part input load instructions, dividing potential drop control section converts the load instructions processing of acquisition to after electric signal input pressurization operating part, and dynamic monitoring system pressure changes and feeds back to that visible human machine interactive interface part is real-time to be shown and record storage.
Dividing potential drop control section is made up of pressure monitoring unit, central control unit and Output pressure unit, pressure monitoring unit is connected with central control unit respectively with Output pressure unit, pressure monitoring unit is converted into electric signal by force value and feeds back to central control unit by circuit, and central control unit shows and storage after these force value are converted into digital signal in visible human machine interactive interface part; The various instructions that central control unit issuing system loads, central control unit is input to Output pressure unit after the force value of inputting on visible human machine interactive interface is converted into electric signal; Output pressure unit is carried out the start and stop of motor is realized to the control to pressurization executive system with this by Control electric pressuring equipment.
The synchronous loading of system energy automatic control model all around, upper and lower three pairs of directions, but the every pair of direction again can independent loads, and effectively very three-dimensional loading of implementation model system, also can load by the one dimension of point pressure-controlled implementation model, two and three dimensions.Three-dimensional model test specimen moulded dimension is rectangular parallelepiped, can, by making cushion block and the guide housing of different size, load the test specimen model of different size.
A test method for hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen model, comprising:
1) prepare rocks resin test specimen model;
2) prepare load test, first described test specimen is put into a water tank, then noted alcohol in water tank, until liquid level floods the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model; Then water tank is put into vacuum tank and vacuumize processing; Due to the continuous decline of air pressure beyond liquid level, air in water injection conduit in test specimen model and oval thin cavity can continuous emersion liquid level, alcohol can enter and be full of the cavity of whole test specimen model inside, be in water injection conduit and oval thin cavity, then the water tank that this is filled to test specimen model is put into ultra low temperature freezer, under-20 ℃ of conditions freezing 24 hours;
3) load test; Freezer is made as to-20 ℃, first opens water injecting mechanism, suppress several times water filling test, to drain the air of whole water injection equipment, pipeline and cushion block inside, make it be full of water; Then take out test specimen model, the cushion block of water injection equipment is placed in to test specimen model top, and the water delivering orifice of cushion block is alignd with the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model, then both are put in simple and easy true three axle loading equipemtns, and in the vertical direction load application, make rubber ring produce deformation to guarantee the sealing of water injection pipe and cushion block water outlet; According to requirement of experiment, start water filling in visible human machine interactive interface input instruction, start simple and easy true three axle loading equipemtns simultaneously, test specimen model is loaded, observe the destructive process in test specimen model crack.
The water of described step 3) is the potpourri of pure water and alcohol, and volume ratio is 1:1, to prevent that pure water from freezing at low temperatures.
In described step 3) to test specimen model load concrete steps be:
(1) first enable the first wobble pump 20, the second wobble pump 25 and the 3rd wobble pump with the little pressure of 0.1MP, the first wobble pump 20 use 0.1MP pressure pass through respectively valve by valve A, valve B, the first oil pipe 18, the second oil pipe 19 and first pair of lifting jack 15, the second wobble pump 25 use 0.1MP pressure respectively
valve
the 3rd oil pipe 21, the 4th oil pipe 22 and second pair of lifting jack 16, the three wobble pump pass through respectively valve E, valve F, the 5th oil pipe, the 6th oil pipe and the 3rd pair of lifting jack with 0.1MP pressure, test specimen model is fixed on to desired location, and compression make it motionless;
(2) strengthen again the oil pressure of the second wobble pump 25, valve
and valve
all open, oil pressure applies to surface, test specimen model left and right the pressure σ 2 setting through second pair of lifting jack 16, also has same pressure, valve-off simultaneously in accumulator 23
and valve
(3) then strengthen the oil pressure of the first wobble pump 20, valve A and valve B all open, oil pressure through first pair of lifting jack 15 to test specimen model on the next top σ 1 that exerts pressure; Valve-off A and valve B;
(4) finally strengthen the oil pressure of the 3rd wobble pump, valve E and valve F all open, and oil pressure applies level to pressure σ 3, valve-off E and valve F through the 3rd pair of jack pair test specimen model front and rear surfaces; Wherein, pressure σ 2 and σ 3 are all lateral pressure, and direction is orthogonal; At this moment lateral pressure σ 2 can not produce significant change under accumulator 23 regulating actions;
(5) if accumulator 23 can not guarantee that lateral pressure σ 2 is constant, use pressure-release valve
put at a slow speed a bit oily to keep σ 2 constant;
(6) and then continue to enable the first wobble pump 20, open valve A and valve B, then continue intensified pressure σ 1; So repeatedly adjust.
In described step 1), rocks resin test specimen model preparation method is:
Starting material comprise that model is the hardening agent of CY-39 type resin and YS-T31 type, both mass ratio 100:34 or volume ratio 100:41; Concrete steps are:
(1) material weighs
Measure CY-39 type resin material 500ml, the hardening agent 200ml of YS-T31 type.
(2) material mix
Resin and hardening agent are poured in churn by match ratio, constantly stir and make it to be thoroughly mixed to form compound with glass bar, when stirring, should note emphatically the material of container bottom and sidewall locations, should make this part material also fully mix, then put into vacuum tank do bubble removing process half an hour;
(3) cast molding and maintenance
Make two of the poly (methyl methacrylate) plates of 50mm*50mm, three of 50mm*100mm, form an entirety, i.e. a rectangular parallelepiped that side is unlimited by the sealing of organic insulation silicone grease.On the two boards in opposite that is of a size of 50mm*100mm, get out respectively two apertures with small-sized drill, position that should first calculative determination aperture before punching.Then pass in turn each aperture with soft cotton thread, and cotton thread is strained, fixed; By two identical oval prefabricated cracks, by home built O type plasticine sealing ring, edge is bonded together, upper and lower two are stacked together and form the thin cavity of ellipse of hollow, and hole in a side prefabricated crack center in advance and draw water injection conduit, then thin ellipse cavity is pasted to the correspondence position of cotton thread.In said process, each junction must strictly seal with glue.
The mould that presets three-dimensional fracture is placed on worktable, and mould inner surface smearing release agent, prepares step (2) and the compound glass bar drainage processed enters cast molding in mould; After casting, mould is put into vacuum tank and done bubble removing processing 20～25 minutes, then put into 18 ℃ of constant temperature blast drying oven maintenances 36～40 hours; After the 50MPa of being greater than mechanical strength, remove mould when having possessed; It is that 70 ℃ of constant temperature blast drying oven maintenances can complete making after 48～50 hours that test specimen model after the demoulding is put into constant temperature.
Prefabricated crack adopts the mica sheet that thickness is 0.12mm.Compared with other material (as sheet metal (copper sheet, aluminium flake etc.), polyethylene sheets etc.), mica sheet rigidity is low, can not retrain test specimen model deformation, facilitate the location in crack and more approaching tax to be stored in the crack in rock mass.And in order to ensure crack size accurately, the oval steel mold of having made three kinds of specifications, can tailor mica sheet into accurate ellipse, has avoided the scale error that in forefathers' test, hammer-shears system is brought.
Oval steel mold comprises upper plate, base and some guideposts, and described guidepost lower end is fixed on base, on the guidepost that upper plate is set in and can moves up and down along it; In described base, be provided with towards the cavity of base one lateral opening, base upper surface is provided with the slotted eye communicating with described cavity.
(3) preliminary work of load test
Must first test specimen model be put into the water tank of a capacity 1L, then to noting alcohol (condensation point is low, can not water) in water tank, until liquid level floods the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model; Then water tank is put into vacuum tank and vacuumize processing.Due to the continuous decline of air pressure beyond liquid level, the air in water injection conduit and oval thin cavity can continuous emersion liquid level, and alcohol can enter and be full of the cavity of whole test specimen model inside, i.e. water injection conduit and oval thin cavity.Then the water tank that this is filled to test specimen model is put into ultra low temperature freezer, under-20 ℃ of conditions freezing 24 hours (can not water, be exactly to freeze for anti-process here).
(4) load test
Freezer is made as to-20 ℃.First open water injecting mechanism, suppress several times water filling test, to drain the air of whole water injection equipment, pipeline and cushion block inside, make it be full of water.Then take out test specimen model, the cushion block special of water injection equipment is placed in to test specimen model top, and the water delivering orifice of cushion block is alignd with the water injection conduit mouth of test specimen model, then both are put in three axle loading equipemtns, and in the vertical direction applies certain load, make rubber ring produce deformation to guarantee the sealing of water injection pipe and cushion block water outlet; According to requirement of experiment, start water filling in visible human machine interactive interface input instruction, start three axle loading equipemtns simultaneously, according to afore-mentioned test step and method, test specimen model is loaded, observe the destructive process in test specimen model crack.(note: " water " of indication is herein certain water of proportioning and the potpourri of alcohol freezes at low temperatures preventing.）
So the rocks material of preparation has good fragility and high transparent at a lower temperature, presents the fracture characteristic of fragility in the time of pressurization.Tension-compression specific intensity can reach 1/6.6 at-15 ℃, and the brittleness degree than forefathers under-50 ℃ of cryogenic conditions is taller.-15 ℃ time, its corresponding mechanics parameter is as follows:
This rocks resin material transparency is high, can observe clearly the rupture process of test specimen model inside after pressurization and germinating, expansion and the evolutionary process in crack.Therefore be applicable to the research of rock fracture propagation law.Solve a difficult problem that is difficult to prefabricated hollow crack in Hydraulic Fracturing Tests in test specimen model; Can be injected with setting-out from outside and carry out new test, large senior general's previous work has been pushed ahead a step.More than particularly the Tension-compression specific intensity of new material (brittleness degree index) is doubled than the corresponding index of domestic and international forefathers' material therefor.Should think and more approach the brittleness degree of true rock.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiment of the present utility model is described although above-mentioned; but the not restriction to the utility model protection domain; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of the technical solution of the utility model, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various modifications that creative work can make or distortion still in protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (10)
1. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen, it is characterized in that, comprise water injecting mechanism and load maintainer, described water injecting mechanism comprises electric pressuring actuating equipment, digital control system and hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, electric pressuring actuating equipment comprises bearing, the actuating unit that is respectively equipped with hard-wired standpipe on bearing and can moves forward and backward on bearing, actuating unit by power drive mechanism be arranged at standpipe in and can be connected along the axially movable Air-tight piston of standpipe, standpipe inner chamber is communicated with Inlet and outlet water device, standpipe one end is communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, the cushion block of hydraulic pressure transmission equipment matches with test specimen model, and by load maintainer, cushion block and test specimen model are compressed, digital control system is respectively with actuating unit and be arranged at and monitor the pressure transducer that hydraulic pressure pressure changes in standpipe and be connected.
2. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described standpipe is closed barrel, its one end have for power drive mechanism by and the threaded hole that matches with it, the other end has the opening being communicated with hydraulic pressure transmission equipment, has the through hole being communicated with Inlet and outlet water device on the side of closed barrel one end.
3. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described actuating unit comprises motor, and motor bottom is arranged on track, and track is fixed on bearing.
4. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power drive mechanism comprises body of bolt, and body of bolt one end is connected with the power output shaft of actuating unit, and the other end is connected with Air-tight piston with the threaded hole through standpipe one end.
5. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described Inlet and outlet water device comprises the pipeline being connected with the through hole on standpipe, and pipeline is provided with the first valve, and pipeline upper end is provided with the water tank communicating with it.
6. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described hydraulic pressure transmission equipment comprises the aqueduct communicating with the opening on standpipe, and aqueduct is provided with the second valve, and the aqueduct other end is connected with cushion block.
7. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that, described cushion block is provided with the water delivering orifice communicating with aqueduct and match with the water injection conduit of test specimen model, and the recessed cushion block of water delivering orifice surface forms circular groove and adds rubber washer in recess edge.
8. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described load maintainer comprises high pressure loading system and counterforce device system, high pressure loading system comprises lifting jack and load plate, one end of lifting jack is connected with load plate, the other end is connected with counterforce device system, and six load plate that are connected with lifting jack are close to respectively on the Liu Ge side, front, back, left, right, up, down of test specimen model; The oil inlet and outlet of lifting jack is connected with wobble pump by oil pipe respectively, and forms return line; Counterforce device system comprises model counterforce device, ring flange and counter-force transmission plate, and model counterforce device is connected to form by high-strength coupling bolt by boxlike cast steel member and angle iron component; Counter-force transmission plate one side is near the inwall of model counterforce device, and ring flange is fixed on another opposite flank of counter-force transmission plate by hexagon socket head cap screw, and the lifting jack of high pressure loading system is fixed on ring flange by hexagon socket head cap screw.
9. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen as claimed in claim 8, it is characterized in that, described lifting jack has three pairs, be respectively load on test specimen model upper and lower surface first pair of lifting jack, load on second pair of lifting jack on test specimen model left and right surface and load on the 3rd pair of lifting jack of test specimen model upper and lower surface, every a pair of lifting jack is all in parallel by oil pipe and corresponding wobble pump connection;
Being communicated with the first wobble pump by two the first oil pipes in parallel and the second oil pipe into and out of hydraulic fluid port of first pair of lifting jack, on described the first oil pipe and the second pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve A and valve B respectively;
Being communicated with the second wobble pump by two the 3rd oil pipes in parallel and the 4th oil pipe into and out of hydraulic fluid port of second pair of lifting jack, on the 3rd oil pipe and the 4th oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve respectively
and valve
and valve
and on the 4th oil pipe between lifting jack, be communicated with respectively accumulator and relief tube, accumulator is provided with valve C with the oil pipe that the 4th oil pipe is connected, and relief tube is provided with blowdown valve
Being communicated with the 3rd wobble pump by two the 5th oil pipes in parallel and the 6th oil pipe into and out of hydraulic fluid port of the 3rd pair of lifting jack, on described the 5th oil pipe and the 6th pipe oil pipe, correspondence arranges valve E and valve F respectively.
10. the hydrofracturing water filling charger based on rocks resin test specimen as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described digital control system comprises dividing potential drop control section and visible human machine interactive interface, and two parts are passed through connection;
Described dividing potential drop control section is made up of pressure monitoring unit, central control unit and Output pressure unit, pressure monitoring unit is connected with central control unit respectively with Output pressure unit, pressure monitoring unit is converted into electric signal by force value and feeds back to central control unit by circuit, and central control unit shows and storage after these force value are converted into digital signal in visible human machine interactive interface part; The various instructions that central control unit loads issuing system, central control unit is input to Output pressure unit after the force value of inputting on visible human machine interactive interface is converted into electric signal; Output pressure unit is carried out the start and stop of motor is realized to the control to pressurization executive system with this by Control electric pressuring equipment.
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| CN201420048448.6U CN203688366U (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2014-01-24 | Hydraulic fracturing water injection loading device based on rock-like resin test piece |
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| CN201420048448.6U CN203688366U (en) | 2014-01-24 | 2014-01-24 | Hydraulic fracturing water injection loading device based on rock-like resin test piece |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103776703A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-05-07 | 山东大学 | Hydro-fracturing water injection loading device based on rock-like resin sample and test method |
| CN105021466A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-11-04 | 广东立丰管道科技有限公司 | Pressure shock test device |
| CN106546491A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-29 | 河海大学 | A kind of detachable rock mass lateral load couples ancillary test device with hydraulic pressure |
| CN106644689A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Adjustable lateral pressure loading device and test method used for rock biaxial test |
| CN106989968A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 山东大学 | The producing device and method of a kind of Seepage-stress coupling experiment three-dimensional fracture rocks test specimen |
| CN113984515A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-28 | 同济大学 | Method for observing initiation and expansion of hydraulic fracture by using confocal microscope |
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2014
- 2014-01-24 CN CN201420048448.6U patent/CN203688366U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103776703A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-05-07 | 山东大学 | Hydro-fracturing water injection loading device based on rock-like resin sample and test method |
| CN103776703B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-11-18 | 山东大学 | Based on hydrofracturing water filling charger and the test method of rocks resin test specimen |
| CN105021466A (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2015-11-04 | 广东立丰管道科技有限公司 | Pressure shock test device |
| CN105021466B (en) * | 2015-07-01 | 2017-10-31 | 广东立丰管道科技有限公司 | A kind of compression shock testing equipment |
| CN106546491A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2017-03-29 | 河海大学 | A kind of detachable rock mass lateral load couples ancillary test device with hydraulic pressure |
| CN106546491B (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2020-04-03 | 河海大学 | Detachable rock mass lateral load and water pressure coupling auxiliary test device |
| CN106644689A (en) * | 2016-11-17 | 2017-05-10 | 中国矿业大学 | Adjustable lateral pressure loading device and test method used for rock biaxial test |
| CN106989968A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 山东大学 | The producing device and method of a kind of Seepage-stress coupling experiment three-dimensional fracture rocks test specimen |
| CN113984515A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-01-28 | 同济大学 | Method for observing initiation and expansion of hydraulic fracture by using confocal microscope |
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