CN109882241B - Equipment for detecting clearance after initial support of mine tunnel and construction method - Google Patents
Equipment for detecting clearance after initial support of mine tunnel and construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides equipment and a construction method for detecting clearance after primary support of a mine tunnel, wherein the equipment comprises a moving unit, a traction unit, a detection unit, a connection unit and a control unit, wherein the moving unit is a trolley which runs along a preset guide rail; the traction unit comprises a guide rail, and the guide rail is arranged along the central line direction of the tunnel, so that the trolley runs along the track direction of the guide rail; the trolley is provided with a connecting unit, the connecting unit comprises a first connecting part and a second connecting part, and the second connecting part is a connecting steel wire rope; the lower part of the detection unit is connected with a first connecting part to enable the detection unit to be connected with the trolley, the top end of the detection unit is connected with one end of a second connecting part, and the outer diameter of the detection unit is the same as the diameter of the shield; the control unit comprises a sensor, the sensor is arranged on the trolley, and the input end of the sensor is connected with the other end of the second connecting component and used for measuring the tension of the connecting steel wire rope; the equipment provided by the invention is simple and reliable, low in use cost and high in working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to detection equipment and a detection method in the field of engineering construction, in particular to equipment and a construction method for detecting clearance after initial support of a mine tunnel.
Background
With the development of national economy, the progress of urban subway construction is continuously accelerated, and meanwhile, more and more challenges are faced. When the geological condition along the subway tunnel changes greatly, a single shield method or a mining method cannot meet the construction requirement, and the tunnel needs to be excavated by adopting a construction method combining the mining method and the shield method.
When the tunnel is constructed by adopting the 'mining method excavation + shield method lining' construction method, the clearance of the section of the mining method tunnel is a key factor influencing whether the shield machine can smoothly empty and push through the mining method section. In the article published in 2018 building materials and decoration in the article of construction risk and quality control measures for shield air-pushing through mine method tunnels in complex strata, the construction conditions of subway tunnels in Guangzhou, Dongguan and other places are analyzed, and the primary risk of the shield air-pushing through mine method tunnel construction method during construction is mine method tunnel underexcavation, so that a cutter head is clamped during shield air-pushing. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a device for detecting clearance after initial support of a mine-method tunnel and a construction method thereof for a shield empty-pushing section.
At present, in the related technology of retesting the section clearance of the tunnel by the mining method, a manual measuring method of selecting measuring points arranged at intervals on a certain section is widely adopted, however, the method needs a large amount of labor force, the overall working efficiency is low, and the underexcavation condition cannot be completely checked. Through the search of documents in the prior art, the application patent numbers are as follows: 201310561836.4, publication number: CN103557828B, patent name: the patent states "can accurately detect the data of tunnel surpassing and underproducing". However, the patent determines whether the tunnel is underexcavated or not according to the variation of the distance value displayed on the distance meter, but does not provide a clear criterion for distinguishing the variation, and thus cannot intuitively detect whether the tunnel is underexcavated or not. In addition, the unit comprises a plurality of hydraulic rod pieces, a plurality of sections of vertical rods, a plurality of fixing rods and a plurality of distance measuring instruments, the structure is relatively complex, and the stability of the unit is poor. Therefore, a practical device which is simple to operate and can accurately and visually detect the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel is urgently needed. The invention provides equipment and a construction method for visually and accurately detecting the clearance of a mine tunnel, which are simple and easy to implement, have high reliability, effectively solve the problem that the tunnel underexcavation condition cannot be comprehensively detected, avoid the situation that the shield cannot be propelled because the underexcavated part invades a shield cutter head, have simple equipment structure and high working efficiency and have better social and economic benefits.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides equipment and a construction method for detecting the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel, which can visually and accurately detect the clearance of the mine-method tunnel, have the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation and good stability, can obviously improve the working efficiency and save the construction cost.
The first aspect of the present invention is: the equipment for detecting the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel comprises a moving unit, a traction unit, a detection unit, a connection unit and a control unit, wherein,
the moving unit is a trolley;
the traction unit comprises a guide rail, the guide rail is laid along the central line direction of the tunnel, and the trolley runs along the guide rail;
the trolley is provided with the connecting unit, the connecting unit comprises a first connecting part and a second connecting part, and the second connecting part is a connecting steel wire rope;
the lower part of the detection unit is connected with the first connecting part, so that the detection unit is connected with the trolley, the top end of the detection unit is connected with one end of the second connecting part, and the outer diameter of the detection unit is the same as the diameter of the shield;
the control unit comprises a sensor, the sensor is arranged on the trolley, and the input end of the sensor is connected with the other end of the connecting steel wire rope and is used for measuring the tension of the connecting steel wire rope;
the dolly drives the detecting element follows the guide rail operation will detecting element's external diameter and the diameter of tunnel section carry out the comparison, realize detecting mine method tunnel first back headroom.
Preferably, the moving unit is a simple trolley which can move on a preset guide rail.
More preferably, the simple trolley can be a four-wheel frame without a power unit, and a seat facing the detection unit is arranged on the simple trolley. The seat can be convenient for constructors to operate and observe equipment, and the safe operation of the seat is guaranteed.
In the invention, the periphery of the detection unit is the circular pipe frame made of hollow steel pipes, so the outer diameter of the detection unit refers to the outer diameter of the steel pipe frame on the outer circle.
Preferably, the detection unit is a spatial steel pipe frame formed by connecting a first layer of plane steel pipe frame and a second layer of plane steel pipe frame through a plurality of No. 1 straight steel pipes. The number 1 straight steel pipes are stainless steel pipes, the number of the stainless steel pipes needs to meet the rigidity requirement of the detection unit, and the number 1 straight steel pipes are connected with the first layer of plane steel pipe frame and the second layer of plane steel pipe frame through welding.
Preferably, the planar steel pipe frame is composed of 1 outer circular steel pipe frame and 1 quadrangular steel pipe frame, wherein the outer circular steel pipe frame is formed by welding 4 bent steel pipes, the diameter of the outer circular steel pipe frame is consistent with the outer diameter of the shield machine, the bent steel pipes are stainless steel pipes with central angles of ninety degrees, and the curvature radius of the stainless steel pipes is consistent with the radius of the shield machine; the quadrilateral steel pipe frame is formed by welding 4 No. 2 straight steel pipes, is internally connected to the plane of the excircle steel pipe frame, and is welded with the excircle through four top points.
More preferably, the number 2 straight steel pipes are stainless steel pipes, and the quartering positions on both sides of each number 2 straight steel pipe are welded with the excircle steel pipe frame through 1 number 3 straight steel pipe.
Preferably, one or more of the following features:
the first connecting component comprises a first vertical rod, a second vertical rod, a first steel fork and a second steel fork, wherein the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod are respectively fixed at the rear end of the trolley, one end of the first steel fork and one end of the second steel fork are respectively connected with the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod, and the other end of the first steel fork and the other end of the second steel fork are respectively connected with the bottom of the detection unit in an engaged manner;
the first steel fork and the second steel fork are respectively a two-tooth steel fork formed by welding a steel plate and two steel bars and are connected with the lower part of the detection unit in a meshing manner;
the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod are symmetrically provided with a plurality of grooves, the first steel fork and the second steel fork are respectively connected with the grooves of the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod through connecting pieces, and the first steel fork and the second steel fork are arranged at proper heights by adjusting the connecting positions of the first steel fork and the second steel fork with the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod.
In the invention, the height of the detection unit can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the steel fork. Because the shield machine can directly slide on the guide platform when the shield machine pushes through the mine tunnel, theoretically, the lowest end of the detection device is attached to the guide platform, but in actual application, the specific height between the lowest end of the detection unit and the guide platform is different due to different construction requirements because the pea stones are still filled between the primary support and the shield support segment.
The first vertical rod and the second vertical rod can be hollow steel pipes and are fixed at the rear end of the simple trolley. Tiny grooves are formed in the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod at intervals and are used for being connected with a steel fork.
The steel fork passes through the bolt rather than stable the being connected in the recess department of montant, can adjust the connection height with the montant according to the sectional particular case in tunnel.
Preferably, the detection unit comprises a first planar steel pipe frame and a second planar steel pipe frame, the first planar steel pipe frame and the second planar steel pipe frame are connected through straight steel pipes to form a spatial steel pipe frame, the first planar steel pipe frame and the second planar steel pipe frame are respectively formed by an outer circular steel pipe frame and a quadrilateral steel pipe frame, the outer circular steel pipe frame is formed by welding a plurality of bent steel pipes, and the diameter of the outer circular steel pipe frame is consistent with the outer diameter of the shield machine.
Preferably, the equipment comprises a guide platform, the guide platform is an arc reinforced concrete guide platform, and the guide rails are laid on the guide platform.
The guide rail is a simple guide rail, the distance of the guide rail is matched with the wheel track of the simple trolley, the trend of the guide rail is consistent with the direction of the central line of the tunnel, and a running track is provided for the trolley.
The arc reinforced concrete guide platform is constructed according to the requirements of shield empty pushing, and the thickness and the strength of the arc reinforced concrete guide platform need to meet the requirements of shield sliding.
Preferably, the equipment further comprises a traction unit, wherein the traction unit comprises an electric winch and a traction steel wire rope, one end of the traction steel wire rope is connected to the electric winch, and the other end of the traction steel wire rope is fixed at a fixed point in front of the tunnel.
Preferably, the electric winch can be a low-power winch which is fixed at the front end of the trolley and can provide power for the whole device.
Preferably, the traction steel wire rope can be a carbon steel wire rope, one end of the traction steel wire rope is connected to a roller of the electric winch, and the other end of the traction steel wire rope is anchored at a fixed point in front of the tunnel by a steel nail.
Preferably, the control unit further comprises a computer and a controller, the computer is provided with control software, the computer is connected with the output end of the sensor, the sensor transmits the measured real-time tension value to the computer, and the control software can process the data transmitted back by the sensor and transmit the digital signal to the controller.
More preferably, the control software can process and process the data transmitted back by the sensor and transmit the obtained digital signal to the controller through a lead.
Preferably, the controller is connected with an electric winch of the traction unit, and the controller receives a digital signal sent by the computer and converts the digital signal into a relay signal for controlling the movement of the electric winch, so as to control the operation of the electric winch.
Preferably, the controller is a small programmable logic controller, and is connected with the computer and the electric winch through wires.
More preferably, the control unit is composed of 1 sensor, 1 computer and 1 controller, and is used for controlling the operation of the whole equipment.
Preferably, the sensor is a shaft pin sensor, and can measure the tension of the connecting steel wire rope and transmit the measured real-time tension value to the computer.
The second aspect provided by the invention is a construction method for detecting clearance after initial support of a mine-method tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
the first step is as follows: constructing and manufacturing a guide platform and paving a simple guide rail;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) after the excavation and the primary support construction of the mine tunnel are completed, an arc reinforced concrete guide platform is constructed, the thickness and the strength of the arc reinforced concrete guide platform need to meet the requirements of shield sliding, and the trend is consistent with the axis of the tunnel;
(2) and laying a simple guide rail on the guide platform along the axis of the tunnel.
The second step is that: arranging the detection equipment at one end of the tunnel, wherein the detection equipment comprises a trolley arranged on a simple guide rail, a connecting unit is arranged on one side, close to the outside of the tunnel, of the trolley, the bottom of the detection unit is connected to the trolley through the connecting unit, and the top of the detection unit is connected with a sensor through a connecting steel wire rope; the output end of a controller in a control unit is connected with the electric winch of the traction unit, one end of a traction steel wire rope of the traction unit is connected to the electric winch, the other end of the traction steel wire rope is fixed at a fixed point in a tunnel, one side of the trolley close to the inside of the tunnel is fixedly connected with the electric winch, the trolley runs along the direction of the simple guide rail through the traction unit, and the detection unit and the trolley run synchronously;
the method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) the simple trolley is placed on the simple guide rail, an electric winch is fixed on one side of the simple trolley, which is close to the inside of the tunnel, a vertical rod and a steel fork are fixed on one side of the simple trolley, which is close to the outside of the tunnel, and a computer, a sensor and a controller are arranged at corresponding positions of the simple trolley;
(2) the steel fork is fixed to a proper height by adjusting bolts at the steel fork and the vertical rod of the connecting unit;
(3) placing a detection unit, fixedly connecting the bottom of the detection unit with a steel fork of a connection unit, and connecting the top of the detection unit with a sensor through a connecting steel wire rope;
(4) the output end of a controller of the control unit is connected with an electric winch of the traction unit by a lead, and the input end of the controller is connected with a computer;
(5) anchoring a steel nail to a fixed point in a tunnel at the front end of the device;
(6) one end of the traction steel wire rope is connected to a roller of the electric winch, and the other end of the traction steel wire rope is connected to the steel nail.
The third step: switching on a power supply, respectively introducing 220V alternating current into the control unit and 380V alternating current into the electric winch, starting a computer, and setting the parameter values of computer control software in the control unit, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: setting a threshold value for processing the sensor data by control software; setting a running speed limit value of the detection equipment; setting a relay signal sent by the controller;
the fourth step: starting the equipment, executing detection operation, wherein the detection process comprises the following steps:
the first condition, the second condition or the third condition, wherein the first condition is that the clearance is qualified, and the equipment normally operates; and in the second case, the clearance is unqualified, the equipment stops running through the controller of the control unit, and in the third case, the detection process is not standard, and the equipment stops running through the controller of the control unit.
Preferably, the setting of the control unit parameter values in the third step of the construction method includes:
(1) determining a threshold for the control software to process the sensor data [ ]:
[]＝(1-95％)G
wherein G is the weight of the detection unit;
if the tension in the connecting steel wire rope measured by the sensor is smaller than the threshold value, control software of a computer in the control unit transmits a first digital signal into the controller; if the tension in the connecting steel wire rope measured by the sensor is larger than the threshold value, the control software transmits a second digital signal into the controller;
(2) determining a device operating speed limit [ V ]:
[V]＝vkcosθ0
wherein v iskIs the rated speed, theta, of the traction wire0The initial included angle between the traction steel wire rope and the horizontal plane is set; if the running speed of the detection equipment is less than the running speed limit value, the control software transmits a first digital signal into the controller; if the running speed of the equipment is greater than the running speed limit value, the control software transmits a second digital signal into the controller;
(3) determining a relay signal emitted by the controller:
when the controller receives the first digital signal, a relay signal for running ON is sent out; and when the controller receives the second digital signal, sending a relay signal for stopping OFF.
Preferably, in the detection process in the fourth step of the construction method:
the qualified clearance is that the equipment can run smoothly in the tunnel;
the unqualified clearance is that the equipment is blocked in the advancing process, the detection unit touches the underexcavated part of the tunnel to cause that the tension in the connecting steel wire rope exceeds the threshold value, the computer receives the data of the sensor and then transmits a second digital signal to the controller through the control software, then the controller sends a relay signal OFF to the electric winch, the equipment stops running to indicate that the clearance of the tunnel is unqualified, the underexcavated part exists, and the underexcavated part needs to be chiseled in time;
the abnormal detection process refers to the fact that special conditions occur in the detection process of the equipment, including that the running speed of the equipment is too high and exceeds the running speed limit value set by the control software, the running state of the detection equipment is not stable, so that the tension in the connecting steel wire rope fluctuates greatly and exceeds the threshold value, the control software can transmit a second digital signal to the controller, then the controller sends a relay signal OFF to the electric winch, and the equipment stops running.
The working principle of the equipment and the construction method in the invention is as follows:
the outer diameter of the detection unit is the same as the diameter of the shield, and the clearance after the initial support of the mine tunnel can be detected by comparing the size of the section after the initial support of the detection unit and the tunnel. And after the excavation of the mine-method tunnel and the primary support construction are finished, a guide platform is constructed in time, a simple guide rail is laid, then equipment is installed and started, and the equipment slowly drives into the tunnel along the simple guide rail. If the tension F of the connecting steel wire rope is measured by the sensor in the operation process of the equipment to be within the threshold range (namely F is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to [ ]), the control software transmits a first digital signal to the controller, the controller sends a relay signal ON, the electric winch keeps operating, the situation that the clearance of the tunnel is qualified is shown, and the underexcavated part does not exist. If the tension F of the connecting steel wire rope measured by the sensor exceeds a threshold value (namely F > [ ]) in the operation process of the equipment, the control software transmits a second digital signal to the controller, the controller sends a relay signal OFF to the electric winch, the equipment stops operating, the situation that the tunnel clearance at the position is unqualified and an underexcavated position exists is indicated, the underexcavated position needs to be chiseled in time, and the condition that the mine method tunnel clearance meets the requirement is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention can visually and accurately carry out full-section detection on the mine tunnel clearance, avoids the situation that the shield cannot be propelled due to the fact that the underexcavated part invades the shield cutter head, has simple structure, convenient operation and good stability, can obviously improve the working efficiency, saves the construction cost and has better social and economic benefits.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a side view of the overall structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a detecting unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a rear view of the working surface of the inspection unit in a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection unit according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
the scores in the figure are indicated as: the device comprises a simple trolley 1, a seat 2, a detection unit 3, a vertical rod 4, a steel fork 5, a bolt 6, a connecting steel wire rope 7, an electric winch 8, a traction steel wire rope 9, a steel nail 10, a sensor 11, a computer 12, a controller 13, a No. 1 straight steel pipe 14, a bent steel pipe 15, a No. 2 straight steel pipe 16, a No. 3 straight steel pipe 17, a simple guide rail 18, a guide platform 19 and a primary support 20.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides equipment and a construction method for detecting clearance after initial support of a mine tunnel, which can visually and accurately detect the clearance of the mine tunnel in a full section and avoid the condition that a shield cannot be propelled due to the fact that a part under excavation invades a shield cutter head.
In the construction process that a subway tunnel needs to penetrate through a long section of extremely hard rock, a construction method of 'mining excavation + shield method lining' is adopted for construction, and the diameter of a shield is 6250 mm. According to design requirements, a simple track is laid after the mine method tunnel primary support and the guide platform 19 are constructed, the mine method tunnel primary support rear clearance detection equipment and the construction method thereof are used for detecting the tunnel clearance, the underexcavated size is checked, the invasion limit part is timely chiseled, the smoothness of the mine method tunnel is ensured, and the shield is ensured to be smoothly propelled.
The embodiment of the invention provides equipment for detecting clearance after initial support of a mine-method tunnel, which comprises a moving unit, a traction unit, a detection unit 3, a connection unit and a control unit.
As shown in fig. 1, the moving unit is a simple trolley 1 without power device which can move on a preset guide rail, the wheel base is 900mm, a seat 2 facing the detecting unit 3 is installed on the simple trolley, and the seat 2 can facilitate constructors to operate and observe equipment, so that the safe operation of the simple trolley is ensured.
The lower part of the detection unit 3 is connected with a first connecting part, so that the detection unit 3 is connected with the simple trolley 1, the top end of the detection unit 3 is connected with one end of a connecting steel wire rope 7, and the outer diameter of the detection unit 3 is the same as the diameter of the shield.
In some preferred embodiments: as shown in fig. 2 to 3, the detection unit 3 is a spatial steel pipe frame in which a first-layer planar steel pipe frame and a second-layer planar steel pipe frame are connected by 4 No. 1 straight steel pipes 14. In the specific implementation: the parameters of the No. 1 straight steel pipe 14 can be selected from the following parameters: 20mm in outer diameter, 2mm in wall thickness and 400mm in length.
The first plane steel pipe frame and the second plane steel pipe frame are respectively composed of 1 excircle steel pipe frame and 1 quadrangle steel pipe frame. The excircle steel pipe frame is formed by welding 4 bent steel pipes 15; the quadrilateral steel pipe frame is formed by welding 4 No. 2 straight steel pipes 16, is internally connected to the plane of the excircle steel pipe frame, is welded with the excircle through four top points, and is welded with the excircle steel pipe frame through 1 No. 3 straight steel pipe 17 at the quartering position of two sides of each No. 2 straight steel pipe 16. In the specific implementation: the parameters that each part can choose for use in detecting element 3 are respectively: the bent steel pipe 15 can be a steel pipe with the curvature radius of 3125mm, the wall thickness of 2mm and the central angle of 90 degrees; the No. 2 straight steel pipe 16 can be a steel pipe with the outer diameter of 20mm, the wall thickness of 1mm and the length of 4420 m; no. 3 straight steel pipe 17 can be selected from steel pipes with the outer diameter of 20mm, the wall thickness of 1mm and the length of 458 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the simple cart 1 is provided with a connection unit for connecting the moving unit and the detecting unit 3. The connection unit comprises a first connection part and a second connection part, wherein the second connection part is a connection steel wire rope 7. In some preferred embodiments: the first connecting part comprises 2 vertical rods 4 and 2 steel forks 5 which are respectively a first vertical rod and a second vertical rod, a first steel fork and a second steel fork, wherein the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod are respectively fixed at the rear end of the simple trolley 1, one ends of the first steel fork and the second steel fork are respectively connected with the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod, and the other ends of the first steel fork and the second steel fork are respectively meshed with the bottom of the detection unit 3;
the first steel fork and the second steel fork are respectively a two-tooth steel fork formed by welding a steel plate and two steel bars and are connected with the lower part of the detection unit 3 in a meshing manner;
the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod are symmetrically provided with a plurality of grooves, the first steel fork and the second steel fork are respectively connected with the upper grooves of the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod through bolts 6, and the first steel fork and the second steel fork are arranged at proper heights by adjusting the connection positions of the first steel fork and the second steel fork with the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod.
The first vertical rod and the second vertical rod can be hollow steel pipes and are fixed at the rear end of the simple trolley 1. Tiny grooves are symmetrically arranged on the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod at intervals and are used for connecting the steel fork 5.
The second connecting part in the connecting unit is a connecting steel wire rope 7. The parameters of the connecting steel wire rope 7 can be selected as follows: A6X 19 stainless steel wire rope having a diameter of 6.2mm has one end connected to the tip of the detecting unit 3 and the other end connected to the sensor 11.
As shown in fig. 4: the vertical rod 4 is fixed at the rear end of the simple trolley 1, a plurality of grooves are formed in the vertical rod 4, the positions of the grooves are fixedly connected with the steel fork 5 through bolts 6, and the connecting height of the vertical rod 4 can be adjusted through the bolts 6.
In the specific implementation: the parameters that montant 4 can select for use among the connecting element are: two hollow round steel pipes with the height of 1200mm, the outer diameter of 60mm and the inner diameter of 46mm are fixed at the rear end of the simple trolley 1, and tiny grooves are arranged on the simple trolley 1 at intervals of 60 mm. The steel fork 5 can be selected from the following parameters: the two-tooth steel fork is formed by parallelly welding 2 steel bars with the length of 450mm to 1 steel plate with the length of 700mm, the width of 50mm and the thickness of 12mm, and the distance between the 2 steel bars, namely the opening of the steel fork 5 is 40 mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the traction unit includes a guide rail, an electric winch 8, and a traction wire rope 9. A guide rail is arranged along the central line direction of the tunnel, so that the simple trolley 1 runs along the guide rail;
as a preferred embodiment: two light steel rails are arranged on the guide platform 19 along the central line direction of the tunnel, and the track space is matched with the simple trolley 1. For example: two 8kg light rails can be laid.
The electric winch 8 is fixed at the front end of the simple trolley 1 and provides power for the whole equipment. For example: specifically, a JK0.5 type Shenwei brand hoister with the power of 2.2KW can be selected. One end of the traction steel wire rope 9 is connected to a roller of the electric winch 8, the other end of the traction steel wire rope is connected with a steel nail 10, and the steel nail 10 is anchored at the front end of the tunnel. The steel wire rope of 6 x 37 gauge with diameter of 8.7mm can be selected.
As shown in fig. 1, the control unit consists of three parts, including a sensor 11, a computer 12 and a controller 13. The sensor 11 is used for measuring the tension of the connecting steel wire rope 7 and transmitting the measured real-time tension value to the computer 12. The sensor 11 is fixed on the simple trolley 1, the input end of the sensor is connected with the connecting steel wire rope 7, and the output end of the sensor is connected with the computer 12 through a lead. For example: the sensor 11 may be a small, clamshell, Gaoling CFZX pin sensor.
The computer 12 is a general computer with control software installed. The control software can process and process the data transmitted back by the sensor 11 and transmit the digital signal to the controller 13 through a lead.
The controller 13 means: a small programmable logic controller connected with the computer 12 and the electric winch 8 through wires. Can receive the digital signal sent by the computer 12 and convert the digital signal into a relay signal for controlling the movement of the electric winch 8, thereby controlling the operation of the whole device.
Based on the above-mentioned equipment, in a second aspect of this embodiment, a construction method for detecting clearance after initial support of a mine-method tunnel is provided, which includes the following steps:
the first step is as follows: constructing and manufacturing a guide platform 19 and laying a simple guide rail 18, specifically:
(1) after the excavation of the mine method tunnel and the construction of the primary support 20 are finished, an arc reinforced concrete guide platform 19 is constructed, the thickness and the strength of the arc reinforced concrete guide platform need to meet the requirements of shield sliding, and the trend is consistent with the axis of the tunnel;
(2) on the guide platform 19 a simple guide rail 18 is laid along the tunnel axis.
The second step is that: installing equipment at one end of a tunnel, specifically:
(1) the simple trolley 1 is placed on a simple guide rail 18, an electric winch 8 is fixed on one side of the simple trolley 1 close to the inside of the tunnel, a vertical rod 4 and a steel fork 5 are fixed on one side of the simple trolley close to the outside of the tunnel, and a sensor 11, a computer 12 and a controller 13 are arranged at corresponding positions of the simple trolley 1;
(2) the steel fork 5 is fixed to a proper height by adjusting bolts 6 at the steel fork 5 and the vertical rod 4 of the connecting unit;
(3) placing the detection unit 3, fixedly connecting the bottom of the detection unit 3 with the steel fork 5 of the connection unit, finely adjusting the height of the steel fork 5 to ensure that the distance between the lowest end of the detection unit 3 and the guide platform 19 is 150mm, and simultaneously connecting the top of the detection unit 3 with the sensor 11 through the connecting steel wire rope 7;
(4) the output end of a controller 13 of the control unit is connected with an electric winch 8 of the traction unit by a lead, and the input end is connected with a computer 12;
(5) anchoring the steel nails 10 to fixing points in the tunnels at the front ends of the units;
(6) one end of a traction steel wire rope 9 is connected to a roller of the electric winch 8, and the other end of the traction steel wire rope is connected to a steel nail 10.
The third step: switching on a power supply, respectively introducing 220V alternating current into the control unit and 380V alternating current into the electric winch 8, starting the computer 12, and setting parameter values of the control unit, specifically:
(1) determining the threshold value of the control software processing the sensor 11 data [ ]:
[]＝(1-95％)G
where G is the weight of the detection unit 3. In this example, G is 550N and [ ]is27.5N.
If the tension in the connecting steel wire rope 7 measured by the sensor 11 is smaller than the threshold (i.e. F ≦ 27.5N), the control software transmits a first digital signal to the controller 13; if the sensor 11 detects that the tension in the connecting wire rope 7 is greater than the threshold value (i.e. F > [ ] ═ 27.5N), the control software transmits a second digital signal to the controller 13. The first digital signal and the second digital signal may be set according to the actual situation, such as 0, 1, etc., or may be signals in other forms.
(2) Determining a device operating speed limit [ V ]:
[V]＝vkcosθ0
wherein v iskFor the rated speed, theta, of the traction cable 90Is the initial angle between the traction cable 9 and the horizontal plane. In this example, vk＝16m/min＝0.27m/s，θ0＝30°，[V]＝0.23m/s。
If the operating speed of the device is less than the operating speed limit (i.e., V ≦ 0.23m/s), the control software transmits the first digital signal to the controller 13; if the operating speed of the device is greater than the operating speed limit (i.e., V > [ V ] — 0.23m/s), the control software transmits a second digital signal to the controller 13.
(3) Determination of the relay signal issued by the controller 13:
when the controller 13 receives the first digital signal, it sends out a relay signal of Operation (ON); when the controller 13 receives the second digital signal, it sends out a stop (OFF) relay signal, in this embodiment, the first digital signal is 1, and the second digital signal is 0, that is, the first digital signal is 1
The fourth step: and starting the equipment and executing detection operation. The following three conditions mainly exist in the detection process:
the first condition is as follows: the headroom is qualified.
The equipment can run smoothly in the tunnel, and the tunnel clearance is qualified.
Case two: the clearance is not qualified.
When the equipment is blocked in the advancing process, the detection unit 3 touches the underexcavated part of the tunnel to cause that the tension in the connecting steel wire rope 7 exceeds a threshold value (namely F [ ] 27.5N), the computer 12 receives the data of the sensor 11 and then transmits a second digital signal 0 to the controller 13 through control software, and then the controller 13 sends a relay signal OFF to the electric winch 8, so that the equipment stops running, the situation that the clearance of the tunnel is unqualified exists, the underexcavated part exists, and the underexcavated part needs to be timely chiseled.
Case three: the detection process is not normative.
In the detection process, special conditions occur in the equipment, for example, the running speed of the equipment is too high and exceeds the running speed limit value set by the control software (i.e., V > [ V ] ═ 0.23m/s), the running state of the equipment is not stable, so that the tension in the connecting steel wire rope 7 fluctuates greatly and exceeds the threshold value (i.e., F > [ ] ═ 27.5N), and the like, at this time, the control software transmits the second digital signal 0 to the controller 13, then the controller 13 sends a relay signal OFF to the electric winch 8, the equipment stops running, the equipment needs to be checked, relevant parameters need to be corrected, the stable running of the equipment is ensured, and the detection is accurate and correct.
In the embodiment, the clearance detection equipment used after the initial support of the mine tunnel and the construction method thereof are utilized, the clearance after the initial support of the mine tunnel can be visually detected, whether the mine tunnel is under-excavated is timely mastered, and the shield is ensured to be smoothly propelled.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description.
Claims (8)
1. A construction method for detecting clearance after primary support of a mine-method tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
manufacturing a guide platform and paving a guide rail;
arranging a detection device at one end of a tunnel, wherein the detection device comprises a trolley arranged on a guide rail, a connecting unit is arranged on one side, close to the outside of the tunnel, of the trolley, the detection unit is connected to the trolley through the connecting unit, the connecting unit comprises a first connecting part and a second connecting part, the second connecting part is a connecting steel wire rope, the lower part of the detection unit is connected with the first connecting part, the detection unit is connected with the trolley, the top end of the detection unit is connected with one end of the connecting steel wire rope, a sensor is arranged on the trolley, and the input end of the sensor is connected with the other end of the connecting steel wire rope and used for measuring the tension of the connecting steel wire rope;
the output end of a controller in a control unit is connected with an electric winch of a traction unit, one end of a traction steel wire rope of the traction unit is connected to the electric winch, the other end of the traction steel wire rope of the traction unit is fixed at a fixed point in a tunnel, one side of the trolley close to the inside of the tunnel is fixedly connected with the electric winch, the trolley runs into the tunnel along the guide rail through the traction unit, and the detection unit and the trolley run synchronously;
setting the values of the computer control software parameters in the control unit, including: setting a threshold value for processing the sensor data by the control software; setting a limit value of the running speed of the detection unit; setting a relay signal sent by the controller;
starting the equipment, executing detection operation, wherein the detection result comprises: the first condition, the second condition or the third condition, wherein the first condition is that the clearance is qualified, and the equipment normally operates; in case two, the clearance is unqualified, and the controller of the control unit stops the equipment operation; and in the third case, the detection process is not standard, and the controller of the control unit stops the equipment from running.
2. The construction method for detecting the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: setting the values of the computer control software parameters in the control unit, including:
(1) determining a threshold for the control software to process the sensor data [ ]:
[]＝(1-95％)G
wherein G is the weight of the detection unit;
if the tension in the connecting steel wire rope measured by the sensor is smaller than the threshold value, the control software transmits a first digital signal into the controller; if the tension in the connecting steel wire rope measured by the sensor is larger than the threshold value, the control software transmits a second digital signal into the controller;
(2) determining a device operating speed limit [ V ]:
[V]＝vkcosθ0
wherein v iskIs the rated speed, theta, of the traction wire0The initial included angle between the traction steel wire rope and the horizontal plane is set; if the running speed of the detection equipment is less than the running speed limit value, the control software transmits a first digital signal into the controller; if the running speed of the equipment is greater than the running speed limit value, the control software transmits a second digital signal into the controller;
(3) determining a relay signal emitted by the controller:
when the controller receives the first digital signal, a relay signal for running ON is sent out; and when the controller receives the second digital signal, sending a relay signal for stopping OFF.
3. The construction method for detecting the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel according to claim 2, characterized in that: the clearance is qualified as: the equipment can run smoothly in the tunnel;
the clearance is unqualified as follows: when the equipment is obstructed in the forward moving process, the detection unit touches the underexcavated part of the tunnel to cause that the tension in the connecting steel wire rope exceeds the threshold value, the computer receives the data of the sensor and then transmits the second digital signal to the controller through the control software, then the controller sends a relay signal OFF to the electric winch, the equipment stops running to indicate that the clearance of the tunnel is unqualified, an underexcavated part exists, and the underexcavated part needs to be chiseled in time;
the detection process is not normalized as: and special conditions occur in the detection process of the equipment, including that the running speed of the equipment is too high and exceeds the running speed limit value set by the control software, the running state of the detection equipment is not stable, so that the tension in the connecting steel wire rope is greatly fluctuated and exceeds the threshold value, the control software transmits the second digital signal to the controller, then the controller sends a relay signal OFF to the electric winch, and the equipment stops running.
4. The construction method for detecting the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the first connecting component comprises a first vertical rod, a second vertical rod, a first steel fork and a second steel fork, wherein the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod are fixed at the rear end of the trolley respectively, one end of the first steel fork and one end of the second steel fork are connected with the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod respectively, and the other end of the first steel fork and the other end of the second steel fork are connected with the bottom of the detection unit in an engaged mode respectively.
5. The construction method for detecting the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the first steel fork and the second steel fork are respectively connected with the lower part of the detection unit in a meshed manner through a two-tooth steel fork formed by welding a steel plate and two steel bars.
6. The construction method for detecting the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel according to claim 4, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod are symmetrically provided with a plurality of grooves, the first steel fork and the second steel fork are respectively connected with the grooves of the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod through connecting pieces, and the first steel fork and the second steel fork are arranged at proper heights by adjusting the connecting positions of the first steel fork and the second steel fork and the first vertical rod and the second vertical rod.
7. The construction method for detecting the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the construction method comprises the following steps: the detection unit comprises a first plane steel pipe frame and a second plane steel pipe frame, and the first plane steel pipe frame and the second plane steel pipe frame are connected through straight steel pipes to form a space steel pipe frame;
the first plane steel pipe frame and the second plane steel pipe frame are respectively composed of an outer circle steel pipe frame and a quadrilateral steel pipe frame, wherein the outer circle steel pipe frame is formed by welding bent steel pipes, the quadrilateral steel pipe frame is connected to the plane of the outer circle steel pipe frame in an inner mode and is welded with the outer circle through four top points, and the diameter of the outer circle steel pipe frame is consistent with the outer diameter of the shield tunneling machine.
8. The construction method for detecting the clearance after the initial support of the mine-method tunnel according to claim 1, wherein the controller is connected with the electric winch of the traction unit, and the controller receives the digital signal sent by the computer and converts the digital signal into a relay signal for controlling the movement of the electric winch, so as to control the operation of the electric winch.
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