CN109877396A - A kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief method - Google Patents
A kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109877396A CN109877396A CN201910140609.1A CN201910140609A CN109877396A CN 109877396 A CN109877396 A CN 109877396A CN 201910140609 A CN201910140609 A CN 201910140609A CN 109877396 A CN109877396 A CN 109877396A
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- bevel gear
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- spiral bevel
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- tip relief
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Abstract
A kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief method, the flank of tooth and tip relief band boundary are defined using spiral bevel gear pure mathematics model, it solves to knife point three-dimensional coordinate and processing knife rail, post-processing generates nc program, on five axis four-linkage numerical control lathes complete clamp and to knife after, the relative motion of taper milling cutter and spiral bevel gear is controlled, the efficient accurate tip relief of spiral bevel gear tooth top is completed.The present invention automatically generates knife rail and nc program, reduces the difficulty manually programmed, improves work efficiency significantly；To knife process only need to the rotary shaft to lathe coordinate system carry out to knife, the Set and Positioning of excess-three linear axis is guaranteed by fixture, significantly reduces the difficulty of operation；It can be completely achieved the tooth top tip relief of spiral bevel gear on general five axis four-axle linkage milling machine or five-axis linkage machine tools.Operation of the present invention method is easy, the high-quality precision of tip relief is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Gear Processing fields, are related to a kind of spiral bevel gear processing method, and in particular to a kind of spiral bevel
Gear teeth tips tip relief method.
Background technique
In gear application, Spiral Bevel Gear Transmission is because its overlap coefficient is big, bearing capacity is high, stable drive, structure are tight
It gathers, many merits such as noise is small, is widely used in the transmission device of the big machineries such as aerospace, automobile, coal mine machinery.
The tip relief of spiral bevel gear tooth top can reduce wheel between cog mesh impact, improve the accuracy of mesh and stability and tooth top intensity, keep away
Exempt to collide with and cause addendum line deformation protrusion damage mesh tooth face, to generate noise.Tooth top before hardened face gear heat treatment is repaired
Edge it is possible to prevente effectively from wedge angle overheats during high-frequency induction hardening, concentrate by stress when reduction quenches, and prevents hardening break, obtains
Better quenching effect is obtained, is also played an important role to flank of tooth carburizing performance is improved.
Common spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief mainly uses the methods of pincers worker chamfered edge and special purpose machine tool chamfered edge.Pincers worker chamfered edge
Method carries out pincers worker tip relief to spiral bevel gear tooth top using angle grinder as tool, and processing efficiency is lower, and processing quality is difficult to ensure, and
Large labor intensity, risk are also higher.
Application for a patent for invention " a kind of bevel gear crest processing method and the cone that State Intellectual Property Office 2010.09.15 is announced
Gear teeth tips beveler ", number of patent application: 2010101660405, application publication number: CN101829815A；The patent application is public
A kind of spiral bevel gear top chamfering machine has been opened, a kind of spiral bevel gear crest processing method is also disclosed.Use lathe for
Four-axle linked numerical control beveler, including two translation shafts and two rotary shafts, using grinding wheel to two tooth tops of tooth socket or tooth top
Crest line carries out chamfering simultaneously.This method is more locating for each axis measurement chamfer process medium plain emery wheel center of beveler by manually controlling
Then a position coordinates and corresponding grinding wheel swing angle utilize curve modeling method construct grinding wheel centric chamfer motion profile
Parameter curve is simultaneously compensated and is corrected, and solves the grinding wheel pivot angle at motion profile each point with quadratic polynomial.This method requires behaviour
Make personnel and be accurately aimed at cutting position in multiple points, increases operation difficulty, limited measurement point and different operation personnel's
Difference leads to not the tooth top rose reamer rail for accurately solving spiral spiral bevel gear and quasi- two-sided spiral bevel gear.Because of spiral
The difference at spiral bevel gear and hypoid spiral bevel gear bumps face pressure angle causes this method to be difficult to ensure the concave-convex flank of tooth
The consistency of chamfer dimesion.Dedicated numerical control beveler is flexible poor, increases cost.
Application for a patent for invention " the tooth of the spiral bevel gear of method of forming processing that State Intellectual Property Office 2010.11.10 is announced
Push up accurate chamfered edge processing method ", number of patent application: 2010102253406, application publication number: CN101879635A；The invention Shen
A kind of tooth top of the spiral bevel gear of method of forming processing accurately stupefied processing method please be disclose, using 5 axis, 3 linkage numerical control machine into
The processing of row chamfered edge, 3 universal driving shafts of lathe are tri- translation shafts of X, Y, Z, other two axis are grinding wheel rotary shaft and gear compound graduation
Axis.In process, gear compound graduation axis indexing first is primary, and a tooth socket of gear goes to fixed, cone after Working position
Angle be right angle grinding wheel according to scheduled chamfered edge track relative to gear it is mobile simultaneously to two tip edges of a tooth socket into
Row grinding chamfered edge, grinding wheel axis is always perpendicular to the final traces plane of spiral bevel gear when relative motion.This method can only
Chamfered edge, the bull wheel of the steamboat not being suitable in curved-tooth bevel gear wheel set and generating processing are carried out to the bull wheel of forming manufacturing.This
Outside, the chip for being ground tip relief is tiny, high to the sealing requirements of machine tool guide rail protecting cover, it is difficult in common five-axle number control machine tool
Adopting said method.
Summary of the invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to overcome existing pincers worker chamfering method precision is low, consistency is poor, low efficiency and specially
The problems such as flexible poor, adjustment is difficult with lathe, propose a kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief method.Utilize spiral bevel gear theory
Mathematical model defines the flank of tooth and tip relief band boundary, solves to knife point three-dimensional coordinate and processing knife rail, post-processing generates numerical control processing
Program, complete to clamp on five axis four-linkage numerical control lathes and to knife after, control the opposite fortune of taper milling cutter and spiral bevel gear
It is dynamic, complete the efficient accurate tip relief of spiral bevel gear tooth top.
A kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief method, tip relief method and step are as follows:
1) Cutter coordinate system is constructed
Cutter coordinate system is the reference frame for generating processing G code, and controls the reference frame of each axis movement of lathe,
Origin O is located at the center of spiral bevel gear large end face, and X/Y plane is coplanar with spiral bevel gear large end face, Z axis and spiral bevel gear
Axis collinear and the small end for being directed toward spiral bevel gear, X-axis and Y-axis are determined relative to the direction of gear by modeling software；
2) processing knife rail is solved
The intersection of tip relief curved surface and tooth top is separated into a little, three-dimensional coordinate of each point under Cutter coordinate system is extracted, then solves
The axis vector of the Virtual Cutting conical surface, the conical point of the Virtual Cutting conical surface are overlapped with discrete point；Virtual conical surface conical point is made one
Fixed biasing obtains carrying out discrete point cutter location when tip relief, and biasing includes radius compensation and the long compensation of knife；Finally by knife position
Point is connected with linear interpolation up to knife rail；
3) post-processing generates nc program, and completion clamps and to knife on five axis four-linkage numerical control lathes, only to knife process
Need to the rotary shaft to lathe coordinate system carry out to knife, the Set and Positioning of excess-three linear axis is guaranteed by fixture, control taper milling
The tooth top tip relief of spiral bevel gear is completed in the relative motion of knife and bevel gear.
Due to use the process described above, the present invention can reach it is following the utility model has the advantages that
1. automatically generating knife rail and nc program, the difficulty manually programmed is reduced, is improved work efficiency significantly；
2. pair knife process only need to the rotary shaft to lathe coordinate system carry out to knife, the Set and Positioning of excess-three linear axis is by pressing from both sides
Tool guarantees, significantly reduces the difficulty of operation；
3. a kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief method, can be complete on general five axis four-axle linkage milling machine or five-axis linkage machine tools
The full tooth top tip relief for realizing spiral bevel gear.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief of the present invention to knife point three-dimensional coordinate solution perspective view；
Fig. 2 is a kind of main view that the tip relief of spiral bevel gear tooth top solves knife point three-dimensional coordinate of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is a kind of knife rail method for solving schematic diagram of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is a kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief of the present invention using the long compensation schematic diagram of truncated cone milling cutter knife；
Fig. 5 is a kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief of the present invention using the long compensation schematic diagram of ball headed conical milling cutter knife；
Fig. 6 is a kind of knife rail overall schematic of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief of the present invention.
In figure:
P-gauge head the centre of sphere；
α-taper mill cone angle；
D-bulb diameter；
φ-vertex of a cone diameter；
R-radius of clean-up；
H-bite is long;
Γ1The intersection of-tip relief curved surface and the flank of tooth;
Γ2The intersection of-tip relief curved surface and tooth top;
The long compensation of H-knife;
CL n- cutter location;
R-radius compensation;
P n- conical surface conical point;
T n- generating tool axis vector;
Q n- point of contact;
M n- big end point of contact;
R-are perpendicularly oriented to the vector of virtual axis;
L n- axis；
A1- feed；
B1 - cutting；
C1- dividing movement；
D1- withdrawing.
Specific embodiment
The present invention can be explained in more detail by the following examples, the invention is not limited to the following examples,
The open purpose of the present invention is intended to protect all changes and improvements in the scope of the invention.
A kind of tooth top tip relief method of spiral bevel gear, the specific steps of which are as follows:
1) CAM Cutter coordinate system OX'Y'Z' is constructed
Spiral Bevel Gears and tip relief band boundary are defined based on bevel gear pure mathematics model, construct CAM Cutter coordinate system, such as
Shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, it is first determined virtual Z coordinate of the gauge head centre of sphere at workpiece coordinate system OXYZ and the vertical range apart from Z axis,
Preferable scheme is that gauge head centre of sphere P is located at the facewidth at the one third of small end, while positioned at tooth height close to three points of tooth top
One of place.Then the X-coordinate and Y-coordinate of the central point P when virtual gauge head and gear concave tooth face are tangent are solved.Then it is sat with workpiece
Mark system origin O is origin, using the Z axis of workpiece coordinate system as Z axis, is perpendicularly oriented to Z axis using point P and establishes processing seat as Y-axis negative direction
Mark system OX'Y'Z'.
Workpiece coordinate system OXYZ is the reference frame of workpiece modeling；Cutter coordinate system OX'Y'Z' is to generate processing G code
Reference frame, and the reference frame of control lathe each axis movement.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, origin O is located at spiral bevel
The center of gear large end face, X/Y plane is coplanar with spiral bevel gear large end face, and Z axis and spiral bevel gear axis collinear are simultaneously directed toward arc
The small end of bevel gear, X-axis and Y-axis are determined relative to the direction of spiral bevel gear by modeling software.
2) processing knife rail is solved.
As shown in figure 3, first by the intersection Γ of the curved surface of falling edge and the flank of tooth1It is separated into point set and extracts each point described above
Three-dimensional coordinate (X, Y, Z) under CAM Cutter coordinate system OX'Y'Z'.Then the axis vector of the solving virtual cutting conical surface, virtually cuts
Cut the conical point and previously described discrete point P of the conical surfacenWhen abide bing the contract with song Γ2It is tangential on point Qn, curve Γ2For curved-tooth bevel gear
Take turns the intersection of tip relief curved surface and tooth top.It is to P that the virtual conical surface vertex of a cone, which is directed toward the vector in the big end center of circle, at this timenWhen progress tip relief
Generating tool axis vector Tn, T is solved using the method for value solving of dichotomy Approach by inchmealn。
By virtual conical surface conical point PnMake certain biasing to obtain to PnCarry out cutter location CL when tip reliefn, biasing includes half
Diameter compensates R and the long compensation H of knife.
Point MnIt is perpendicularly oriented to virtual axis LnVector r be radius compensation vector R direction, radius of clean-up is radius
The length of compensation vector R.Direction, that is, generating tool axis vector T of the long compensation vector H of knifenOpposite direction.The length of the long compensation of knife is by taper
The structural parameters and radius of clean-up of milling cutter determine.
As shown in figure 4, the long compensating length of the knife of truncated cone milling cutter is determined by following formula:
As shown in figure 5, the long compensating length of the knife of ball headed conical milling cutter is determined by following formula:
The parameter of the taper mill needed includes the cone angle of taper mill, bulb diameter D or vertex of a cone diameter phi and radius of clean-up R
Deng.The end diameter of radius of clean-up, that is, vertex of a cone part actual participation cutting movement annulus.
Finally with linear interpolation by cutter location CLnInterpolation connection obtains knife rail.
3) post-processing generate nc program, on five axis four-linkage numerical control lathes complete clamp and to knife after, control
The tooth top tip relief of spiral bevel gear is completed in the relative motion of taper milling cutter and spiral bevel gear.
To coordinate of the knife point in lathe work coordinate system according to the mathematical model of Spiral Bevel Gears and to knife probe
Size determine, to knife process only need to the rotary shaft to lathe coordinate system carry out to knife, the Set and Positioning of excess-three linear axis
Guaranteed by fixture.When carrying out on lathe to knife, X-axis biasing, the Y of work coordinate system are determined according to the installation site of fixture first
The gauge head centre of sphere, is moved to the coordinate bit of the centre of sphere P point of solution described previously by axis biasing and Z axis biasing under work coordinate system
It sets, then adjusting gear rotary shaft completes gauge head and gear concave tooth face contact i.e. to knife, and spiral bevel gear rotary shaft turns over
Angle is the angle of eccentricity of rotary shaft.
As shown in fig. 6, the tooth top tip relief process of entire spiral bevel gear be continuous, including feed, cutting, withdrawing, divide
Spend series of steps.It is identical with the spiral bevel gear tooth top crest line direction of feed of flank, the spiral bevel gear tooth top of different flanks
Crest line direction of feed is opposite.A kind of preferably scheme is, when spiral bevel gear small end is upward, the right sides of the spiral bevel gear gear teeth from
Small end is processed to big end, and the left side of the spiral bevel gear gear teeth is processed from big end to small end, processes withdrawing after a right side crest line,
Then spiral bevel gear rotation carries out dividing movement, then processes next right side crest line, process after all right side crest lines with
Identical step carries out tip relief to left side crest line, until completing the tip relief processing of all spiral bevel gear tooth top crest lines.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief method, it is characterised in that: tip relief method and step is as follows:
1) Cutter coordinate system is constructed
Cutter coordinate system is the reference frame for generating processing G code, and controls the reference frame of each axis movement of lathe,
Origin O is located at the center of spiral bevel gear large end face, and X/Y plane is coplanar with spiral bevel gear large end face, Z axis and spiral bevel gear
Axis collinear and the small end for being directed toward spiral bevel gear, X-axis and Y-axis are determined relative to the direction of gear by modeling software；
2) processing knife rail is solved
The intersection of tip relief curved surface and tooth top is separated into a little, three-dimensional coordinate of each point under Cutter coordinate system is extracted, then solves
The axis vector of the Virtual Cutting conical surface, the conical point of the Virtual Cutting conical surface are overlapped with discrete point；Virtual conical surface conical point is made one
Fixed biasing obtains carrying out discrete point cutter location when tip relief, and biasing includes radius compensation and the long compensation of knife；Finally by knife position
Point is connected with linear interpolation up to knife rail；
3) post-processing generates nc program, and completion clamps and to knife on five axis four-linkage numerical control lathes, only to knife process
Need to the rotary shaft to lathe coordinate system carry out to knife, the Set and Positioning of excess-three linear axis is guaranteed by fixture, control taper milling
The tooth top tip relief of spiral bevel gear is completed in the relative motion of knife and bevel gear.
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| CN201910140609.1A CN109877396A (en) | 2019-02-26 | 2019-02-26 | A kind of spiral bevel gear tooth top tip relief method |
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| CN110802282A (en) * | 2019-10-30 | 2020-02-18 | 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 | Method for rounding spiral bevel tooth crest |
| CN110899860A (en) * | 2019-11-09 | 2020-03-24 | 天津大学 | Numerical control machining method for linear contact spiral bevel gear pair |
| CN112439951A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-05 | 中国航发中传机械有限公司 | Gear chamfering and milling method based on geometric adaptive compensation |
| CN113634827A (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-12 | 金华新天齿轮有限公司 | Hypoid gear design and machining method |
| CN114309820A (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-04-12 | 南京工业大学 | Gear single-side forming machining method combining customized cutter and specific path |
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| CN114309820B (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-08-02 | 南京工业大学 | Gear single-side forming machining method combining customized cutter and specific path |
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Application publication date: 20190614 |