CN109877320B - Multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing system and method - Google Patents
Multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109877320B CN109877320B CN201910195912.1A CN201910195912A CN109877320B CN 109877320 B CN109877320 B CN 109877320B CN 201910195912 A CN201910195912 A CN 201910195912A CN 109877320 B CN109877320 B CN 109877320B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing system and a process method. The invention is composed of a printing environment generating device and a 3D printing device, and is technically characterized in that: the printing environment generating device consists of a closed working chamber, a compression air pump, a vacuum pump, an integrated temperature and pressure sensor, a gas component sampling detection device and an environment system control unit. The 3D printing device consists of three-dimensional image generation equipment, a three-dimensional motion workbench, a multi-bin storage and laser sintering sprayer device and a printing operation screen. The environment system control unit builds the 3D printing operation environment, changes the 3D printing working pressure and temperature, and greatly increases different performances of the same material component. No waste liquid, waste gas and waste residue are discharged in the operation process, and the method is environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing and manufacturing, in particular to a method for processing metal, alloy or other materials (Al) by using a plurality of material bins to adjust the pressure of working gas to perform 3D printing operation2O3SiC, plastic, etc.).
Background
The 3D printing is called an engine of intelligent manufacturing industry, and the 3D printing is a reversal of a traditional manufacturing technology mode, namely a material cutting and reducing processing mode is changed into a material adding and increasing manufacturing mode. The existing single-bin metal fusing 3D printing is carried out in the air under the normal pressure environment and has three defects: the single material bin makes the material of the component of the product single, and only one material component can be printed at one time. Secondly, the printing under the normal pressure environment ensures that the microstructure inside the component is single, and the requirement of the diversity (more compact or more loose and transparent than the conventional) of the microstructure inside the component cannot be met. Printing in the air to expose trace amount of molten metal drops in the air, adsorbing oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor and dust impurity in the air, and participating in the micro smelting process of metal in high temperature environment to change the element proportion of metal material, so that various properties of the formed member, such as rigidity, elasticity, toughness and corrosion resistance, are affected. Similarly, printing other materials will work the same.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a system and a process method for feeding materials from multiple material bins and forming a workpiece under a certain pressure by working gas, so that the 3D printing technology is more advanced and perfect.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-bin, pressure-adjustable 3D printing apparatus and a process method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention comprises a printing environment generating device and a 3D printing device, and is technically characterized in that: the printing environment generating device comprises a closed working chamber, a compression air pump, a vacuum pump, an integrated temperature and pressure sensor, a gas component sampling detection device and an environment system control unit, wherein the closed working chamber is capable of being automatically opened and closed, an air inlet pipeline connected with an air outlet of the compression air pump is arranged at the bottom of an inner cavity of the closed working chamber, an exhaust pipeline is arranged at the top of the inner cavity of the closed working chamber and is respectively connected with an exhaust valve and a circulating valve, and an outlet of the exhaust valve is connected with an inlet of the vacuum pump through a pipeline. The circulating valve is connected with the filtering device and the air inlet of the compression air pump in sequence through pipelines. And a communicating pipeline of the filtering device and the compression air pump is provided with an air supplementing pipeline and an air supplementing valve, and the inlet of the air supplementing valve is connected with a working gas source. The filtering device is formed by serially connecting a dust filtering layer, a water vapor adsorption layer, an oxygen adsorption layer, a nitrogen adsorption layer and a hydrogen adsorption layer in sequence according to the flow direction of circulating gas.
The 3D printing device is composed of three-dimensional image generation equipment, a three-dimensional motion workbench, a storage and laser sintering sprayer device and a printing operation screen. The three-dimensional motion workbench, the storage and laser sintering sprayer device are arranged in the closed working chamber. The three-dimensional image generation device and the printing operation screen are arranged outside the closed working chamber. The storage and laser sintering spray head device and the three-dimensional moving workbench are connected with a three-dimensional image generating device, a printing operation screen and an environment system control unit which are arranged outside the closed working chamber through cables which are subjected to sealing treatment.
In the storage and laser sintering nozzle device, the storage bin is cylindrical, the inside of the cylindrical barrel can be divided into n partitions with equal volumes by using a partition plate, each partition is communicated with the laser sintering nozzle through a respective blanking valve, and n is a positive integer.
The detection head of the integrated temperature and pressure sensor is arranged in the closed working chamber, and the display and communication connecting part of the temperature and pressure sensor is arranged outside the closed working chamber. The gas component sampling detection device is arranged outside the closed working chamber, and the gas component sampling can be carried out by opening a hole on the wall of the closed working chamber or opening a hole on an exhaust pipeline and a circulating pipeline of the system.
The working gas source is argon with d being 99.999 percent.
Further, the working gas source is carbon dioxide gas with d being 99.999%.
Furthermore, the working gas source is d-99.999% nitrogen, so the nitrogen adsorption layer in the filtering device should be removed, and can be replaced by a water vapor adsorption layer or an oxygen adsorption layer.
The environment system control unit is connected with an automatic opening and closing device of a sealed working chamber door, a gas component sampling detection device, a pressure and temperature sensor, an exhaust valve, a vacuum pump, a circulating valve, an air supply valve and a compression air pump through communication cables or wireless communication channels to form an intelligent automatic control system, and is connected with the three-dimensional image generation equipment and the printing operation screen through the wireless communication channels or the communication cables to share information.
The environment system control unit is a PLC system or a DCS system. The three-dimensional image generation equipment has the functions of a control unit and an upper computer of a printing operation screen.
Further, a multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing process method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) and replacing all the filtering and adsorbing material layers in the filtering device to be brand new filtering and adsorbing material layers. Drawing a three-dimensional image of the component on a three-dimensional image generation device, and compiling a 3D printing job program of each part of the component according to the image characteristics.
2) And closing a sealing door of the sealed working chamber, loading and unloading the three-dimensional image of the member on a printing operation screen, setting and confirming the values of concentration, pressure and temperature which should be reached by the working gas in the sealed working chamber, and inputting and confirming a 3D printing operation program. Opening an exhaust valve, closing a circulating valve, opening an air supply valve, starting a vacuum pump and starting a compression air pump;
3) when the gas concentration, pressure and temperature of the working gas in the closed working chamber reach preset values; and opening a circulating valve, adjusting the rotating speed of the compression air pump and the vacuum pump and the opening of the exhaust valve to stably maintain the concentration, pressure and temperature parameters of the working gas in the closed working chamber in a preset range, closing the exhaust valve, the gas supplementing valve and stopping the vacuum pump, and stabilizing the working gas parameters.
4) Starting the material storage and laser sintering nozzle device and the three-dimensional moving workbench on the printing operation screen to perform 3D printing operation, automatically displaying the operation process of the component on the printing operation screen and recording parameters until the 3D printing operation is completed, and automatically stopping the material storage and laser sintering nozzle device and the three-dimensional moving workbench;
5) and closing the circulating valve, stopping compressing the air pump, opening the exhaust valve, starting the vacuum pump, stopping the vacuum pump when the pressure in the closed working chamber is close to 1 standard atmospheric pressure, opening the automatic sealing door of the closed working chamber, taking out the workpiece, and finishing the operation.
Preferably, the working gas in the closed working chamber in the step 2) is a mixed gas of argon and air, and the 3D printing operation can be started at any value of the argon concentration of 80.00-99.999%, the pressure of 0.05-6 MPa and the temperature range of-40-550 ℃. Obviously, the concentration percentage of the argon is changed, and the component proportion of other gas-like elements participating in the micro-melting forming of the material can be controlled, so that the performance of the component is adjusted.
Preferably, the working gas in the closed working chamber in the step 2) is a mixed gas of CO2 gas and air, and the 3D printing operation can be started at any value of the CO2 gas with the concentration of 80.00-99.999%, the pressure range of 0.05-6 MPa and the temperature range of-40-550 ℃. Obviously, the concentration percentage of the CO2 gas is changed, so that the component proportion of other gas-like elements participating in the micro-melting forming of the material can be controlled, and the performance of the component can be adjusted.
Preferably, the working gas in the closed working chamber in the step 2) is a mixed gas of nitrogen and air, and the 3D printing operation can be started at any value of the nitrogen concentration of 80.00-99.999%, the pressure range of 0.05-8 MPa and the temperature range of-40-550 ℃. Obviously, the concentration percentage of the nitrogen is changed, and the component proportion of other gas-like elements participating in the material micro-melting forming can be controlled, so that the performance of the component can be adjusted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following creativity:
the invention adopts abortifacient gas and CO2The gas is used as working gas, so that trace molten metal droplets are prevented from being exposed in the air in the printing process of the metal alloy part, and oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor in the air are removed to participate in the micro smelting process of molten metal; prevent air from changing the element proportion of the metal material and ensure the quality of the formed member.
Secondly, the pressure of the working gas is changed and adjusted, so that the component can form a component with different internal microstructures.
When the pressure of the working gas in the closed working chamber is greater than 1 standard atmospheric pressure, the microcosmic inner structure compactness of the conventional metal piece can be improved, and the strength of the component is increased. When the pressure of the working gas in the closed working chamber is less than 1 standard atmospheric pressure, the material of the metal piece can be porous, loose and permeable, and the performance diversification of the component is increased.
And thirdly, when the storage bin is a 2-partition storage bin, the double-composite material member can be printed at one time. Similarly, when the storage bin is a multi-partition storage bin, the multi-composite material member can be printed at one time.
Changing and regulating the concentration percentage of the working gas, and controlling the component proportion of other gas elements participating in the micro-melting molding of the material, thereby regulating the performance of the final component.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a 2-section storage bin in the storage and laser sintering nozzle device of the present invention.
In fig. 1: the system comprises an environmental system control unit 1, a three-dimensional image generation device 2, a printing operation screen 3, a closed working chamber 4, a gas component sampling detection device 5 (the concentration is marked as D, D represents the specific numerical value of D), an integrated temperature and pressure sensor 6 (the pressure is marked as P, P represents the specific numerical value of P, the temperature is marked as T, and T represents the specific numerical value of T), a storage and laser sintering sprayer device 7, a vacuum pump 8, an exhaust valve 9, a circulating valve 10, a filtering device 11, an air make-up valve 12, a working gas inlet 13, a compressed air pump 14 and a three-dimensional movement workbench 15.
The three-dimensional image generation device 2 and the printing operation screen 3 are provided with communication cables which are sealed and penetrate into the closed working chamber 4, and the communication cables, the storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7 and the three-dimensional moving workbench 15 form a 3D printing working machine.
In fig. 2: a storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7, storage bin partition isolation plates 7a, a partition blanking valve 7b and a partition blanking valve 7 c. Similarly, referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of the n-partition storage bin can be easily drawn by those skilled in the art, and the description thereof is omitted.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention is composed of a printing environment generating device and a 3D printing device, and is technically characterized in that: the printing environment generating device is composed of a closed working chamber 4 capable of automatically opening and closing a door, a compression air pump 14, a vacuum pump 8, an integrated temperature and pressure sensor 6, a gas component sampling detection device 5 and an environment system control unit 1, wherein an air inlet pipeline connected with an air outlet of the compression air pump 14 is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the closed working chamber, an exhaust pipeline is arranged at the top of the inner cavity of the closed working chamber 4 and is respectively connected with an exhaust valve 9 and a circulating valve 10, and an outlet of the exhaust valve 9 is connected with an inlet of the vacuum pump 8 through a pipeline. The circulating valve 10 is connected with the filtering device 11 and the air inlet of the compression air pump 14 in sequence through pipelines. And a communicating pipeline of the filtering device 11 and the compression air pump 14 is provided with an air supplementing pipeline and an air supplementing valve 12, and an inlet pipeline 13 of the air supplementing valve is connected with a working gas source. The filtering device 11 is formed by serially connecting a dust filtering layer, a water vapor adsorption layer, an oxygen adsorption layer, a nitrogen adsorption layer and a hydrogen adsorption layer in sequence according to the flow direction of circulating gas.
The 3D printing device is composed of a three-dimensional image generation device 2, a printing operation screen 3, a three-dimensional movement workbench 15 and a storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7. The three-dimensional motion workbench 15 and the storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7 are arranged in the closed working chamber 4. The three-dimensional image generation device 2 and the print job operation panel 3 are disposed outside the closed work room 4. The storage and laser sintering spray head device 7 and the three-dimensional moving workbench 15 are connected with the three-dimensional image generation equipment 2, the printing operation screen 3 and the environmental system control unit 1 which are arranged outside the closed working chamber 4 through cables subjected to sealing treatment.
In the storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7, the storage bin is cylindrical, and the inside of the cylindrical barrel can be divided into n partitions with equal volumes by using a partition plate 7a, each partition is communicated with the laser sintering nozzle through a respective blanking valve, and n is a positive integer. As shown in fig. 2; n is 2, the right side of the partition plate 7a is a partition of the storage bin b, the blanking valve of the partition plate is 7b, the left side of the partition plate 7a is a partition of the storage bin c, and the blanking valve of the partition plate is 7 c.
The detection head of the integrated temperature and pressure sensor 6 is arranged in the closed working chamber 4, and the display and communication connection part of the temperature and pressure sensor 6 is arranged outside the closed working chamber 4. The gas component sampling detection device 5 is arranged outside the closed working chamber 4, and the gas component sampling can be performed by opening a hole on the wall of the closed working chamber 4 or by opening a hole on an exhaust pipeline and a circulating pipeline of the system.
The working gas source is argon with the concentration of 80.0-99.999%.
The working gas source is carbon dioxide gas, and the concentration of the working gas is 80.0-99.999%.
The working gas source is nitrogen with the concentration of 80.0% -99.999%, and the nitrogen adsorption layer in the filtering device 11 is removed at the moment and can be replaced by a water vapor adsorption layer or an oxygen adsorption layer.
The environment system control unit 1 is connected with an automatic opening and closing device of a sealing door of a sealing working chamber 4, a gas component sampling detection device 5, a pressure and temperature sensor 6, an exhaust valve 9, a circulating valve 11, an air supply valve 12, a compression air pump 14 and a vacuum pump 8 through communication cables or wireless communication channels to form an intelligent automatic control system, and is connected with the three-dimensional image generation device 2 and the printing operation screen 3 through the wireless communication channels or the communication cables to share information.
The environment system control unit 1 is a PLC system or a DCS system. The three-dimensional image generation device 2 has the functions of the control unit 1 and the upper computer of the printing operation screen 3 at the same time.
In the first embodiment, the system of the invention is used for processing a vehicle-mounted high-pressure hydrogen storage steel cylinder with an aluminum inner tube.
Because the steel material can be melted with trace hydrogen element in the smelting process, if the steel material is improperly used, the steel material is easy to be broken due to hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore, the high-pressure hydrogen storage equipment generally cannot use steel materials, and the steel materials contact high-pressure hydrogen to accelerate hydrogen embrittlement. The high-pressure hydrogen storage tank is usually made of aluminum alloy, but the strength of the aluminum alloy is far lower than that of steel. With the popularization of hydrogen energy automobiles, the hydrogen storage equipment for manufacturing the aluminum inner tube with the steel sheath attached outside has been a dream of hydrogen production enterprises at high quality and low cost. The 3D printing and manufacturing of the vehicle-mounted aluminum inner tube high-pressure hydrogen storage steel cylinder is a good choice, and the invention is undoubtedly one of the best manufacturing methods of the vehicle-mounted aluminum inner tube high-pressure hydrogen storage steel cylinder. The specific preparation steps are as follows:
the three-dimensional image generating device 2 generates a three-dimensional image of the vehicle-mounted aluminum inner tube high-pressure hydrogen storage steel cylinder for standby.
Adding aluminum powder in a storage bin b area of the storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7, and adding iron powder in a storage bin c area of the storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7.
The filter material layer in the filter device 11 is replaced by a new filter material layer, and the filter layer is composed of a dust filter layer, a water vapor adsorption layer, an oxygen adsorption layer, a nitrogen adsorption layer and a hydrogen adsorption layer which are connected in series in sequence according to the airflow direction.
The working gas inlet pipe 13 is connected to a supply of argon (d of argon is 99.999%). And closing a sealing door of the sealed working chamber 4, downloading a three-dimensional image of the vehicle-mounted aluminum inner tube high-pressure hydrogen storage steel cylinder on the printing operation screen 3, setting the values of the concentration D of 99.99-99.999%, the pressure p of 0.6-0.8 Mpa and the temperature t of 5-160 ℃ of working gas in the sealed working chamber 4, confirming, and inputting and confirming a 3D printing operation program. When the environmental system control unit 1 receives the confirmation instruction, the exhaust valve 9 is automatically opened, the circulating valve 10 is closed, the air supplementing valve 12 is opened, the vacuum pump 8 is started, the compression air pump 14 is started, and the air in the sealed working chamber 4 is replaced by argon;
the environmental system control unit 1 judges that the concentration, the pressure and the temperature of the argon gas in the closed working chamber 4 reach preset interval values; the circulating valve 10 is automatically opened, the rotating speeds of the compression air pump 14 and the vacuum pump 8 and the opening degree of the exhaust valve 9 are adjusted, so that the concentration, the pressure and the temperature parameters of the working gas in the closed working chamber 4 are always stably maintained in a preset range, the exhaust valve 9, the air supplement valve 12 and the vacuum pump 8 are automatically closed, and the working gas is driven by the compression air pump 14 to stably and internally circulate in the closed working chamber 4, the circulating valve 10 and the filtering device 11.
Starting the material storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7 on the printing operation screen 3, and carrying out 3D printing operation on the three-dimensional movement workbench 15, wherein the material storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7 can automatically select steel materials or aluminum materials according to a printing program, the operation process of the vehicle-mounted aluminum inner tube high-pressure hydrogen storage steel cylinder is automatically displayed on the printing operation screen 3, parameters and data are recorded until the 3D printing operation is completed, and the material storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7 and the three-dimensional movement workbench 15 automatically stop and send instructions to the environment system control unit 1.
The environmental system control unit 1 closes the circulating valve 10, stops the compression air pump 14, opens the exhaust valve 9, starts the vacuum pump 8, stops the vacuum pump 8 when the pressure in the closed working chamber 4 is close to 1 standard atmospheric pressure, opens the automatic sealing door of the closed working chamber 4, and completes the 3D printing operation.
The working air pressure of the 4 closed working chambers in the case is set to be 6-8 times of the standard atmospheric pressure, so that the microscopic metallographic structures of the printed steel and aluminum metal have high compactness, the compactness of the aluminum metal of the inner tube is high, hydrogen atoms can be effectively prevented from leaking along the lattice gap, the compactness of the microscopic metallographic structures of the steel and the aluminum is high, and the high-pressure-resistant strength of the hydrogen storage tank is greatly improved.
In the second embodiment, the system of the invention is used for processing the SiC carrier of the sodium borohydride hydrolysis hydrogen production catalyst.
The SiC carrier of the catalyst for hydrogen production by sodium borohydride hydrolysis prepared by the known technology is usually granular, and the SiC carrier is required to have a loose internal microstructure, permeability and large enough specific surface area, so the known technology has a complex manufacturing process, needs to be corroded by acid liquor and has polluted waste liquid discharge. The system of the invention can adopt argon with working gas pressure lower than 1 standard atmospheric pressure, and 3D prints out 'SiC carrier of catalyst for hydrogen production by sodium borohydride hydrolysis'.
In the case, a cylindrical hydrolysis hydrogen production reaction container is matched, and the 'SiC carrier of the catalyst' is designed to be cylindrical with a certain appropriate wall thickness. The specific preparation steps are as follows:
a three-dimensional stereoscopic image of the above-described "cylindrical SiC carrier" is generated by the three-dimensional image generating apparatus 2 for standby.
And nanometer SiC powder is added into a storage bin of the storage and laser sintering nozzle device 7.
The filter material layer in the filter device 11 is replaced by a new filter material layer, and the filter layer is composed of a dust filter layer, a water vapor adsorption layer, an oxygen adsorption layer, a nitrogen adsorption layer and a hydrogen adsorption layer which are connected in series in sequence according to the airflow direction.
The working gas inlet pipe 13 is connected to a supply of argon (d of argon is 99.999%). The sealing door of the sealed working chamber 4 is closed, the three-dimensional image of the "cylindrical carrier" is loaded on the print operation panel 3, and the concentration d to be reached by the working gas in the sealed working chamber 4 is set to 99.99% to 99.999%, and the pressure P is set to the negative pressure Pmin～0.05Mpa(pminThe minimum negative pressure limit is a value that the material does not generate base emission in the closed working chamber 4), the temperature t is a value of 5-160 ℃, the 3D printing operation program is input and confirmed, the environmental system control unit 1 automatically opens the exhaust valve 9, closes the circulating valve 10, opens the air supplement valve 12, starts the vacuum pump 8 and starts the compression air pump 14; the air in the closed chamber 4 was replaced with argon gas.
When the environmental system control unit 1 judges that the concentration, the pressure and the temperature of the working gas in the closed working chamber 4 reach preset interval values; and automatically opening the circulating valve 10, adjusting the rotating speed of the compression air pump 14 and the vacuum pump 8 and the opening of the exhaust valve 9, keeping the concentration, pressure and temperature parameters of the working gas in the closed working chamber 4 in a preset interval stably, automatically closing the exhaust valve 9, the air supply valve 12, stopping the vacuum pump 8 and automatically stabilizing the working gas parameters.
And starting the material storage and laser sintering sprayer device 7 and the three-dimensional motion workbench 15 on the printing operation screen 3 to perform 3D printing operation, automatically displaying the operation progress of the cylindrical SiC carrier on the printing operation screen 3 and recording parameters and data until the 3D printing operation is completed, and automatically stopping the material storage and laser sintering sprayer device 7 and the three-dimensional motion workbench 15 and sending instructions to the environment system control unit 1.
The environmental system control unit 1 receives the instruction, automatically closes the circulating valve 10, stops the vacuum pump 8, opens the air compensating valve 12, starts the compressed air pump 14, closes the air compensating valve 12 when the pressure in the closed working chamber 4 is close to 1 standard atmospheric pressure, stops the compressed air pump 14, opens the automatic sealing door of the closed working chamber 4, and completes the 3D printing operation of the cylindrical SiC carrier.
The working pressure in the sealed working chamber 4 is set to a negative pressure lower than the standard atmospheric pressure and close to p of the SiC materialminThe microstructure of the cylindrical SiC carrier component has high looseness and permeability, and the hydrogen release chemical reaction of the sodium borohydride solution is accelerated after the catalyst is filled. Meanwhile, the SiC carrier can be made into a cylindrical SiC carrier component with a proper shape according to the shape of the hydrolysis hydrogen production container, so that the filling of the catalyst on the carrier and the regeneration of the catalyst after the hydrogen production process are convenient. And the 3D printing operation of the invention has no waste liquid and waste gas discharge, and is environment-friendly.
Claims (11)
1. The utility model provides a 3D printing system of many storehouses, adjustable type of pressure, by printing environment generating device, 3D printing device constitute, its technical characterstic is: the printing environment generating device comprises an airtight working chamber capable of automatically opening and closing a door, a compression air pump, a vacuum pump, an integrated temperature and pressure sensor, a gas component sampling detection device and an environment system control unit, wherein an air inlet pipeline connected with an air outlet of the compression air pump is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the airtight working chamber, an air exhaust pipeline is arranged at the top of the inner cavity of the airtight working chamber, the air exhaust pipeline is respectively connected with an exhaust valve and a circulating valve, an outlet of the exhaust valve is connected with an inlet of the vacuum pump through a pipeline, the circulating valve is sequentially connected with an air inlet of a filtering device and the compression air pump through pipelines, an air supplementing pipeline and an air supplementing valve are arranged on a communication pipeline of the filtering device and the compression air pump, an inlet of the air supplementing valve is connected with a working gas source, and the filtering, The nitrogen adsorption layer and the hydrogen adsorption layer are connected in series;
the 3D printing device comprises three-dimensional image generation equipment, a three-dimensional motion working table, a storage and laser sintering sprayer device and a printing operation screen, wherein the three-dimensional motion working table, the storage and laser sintering sprayer device are arranged in the closed working chamber, the three-dimensional image generation equipment and the printing operation screen are arranged outside the closed working chamber, and the storage and laser sintering sprayer device and the three-dimensional motion working table are connected with the three-dimensional image generation equipment, the printing operation screen and an environmental system control unit which are arranged outside the closed working chamber through cables subjected to sealing treatment.
2. The multi-bin, pressure-adjustable 3D printing system of claim 1, wherein the system is technically characterized in that: in the storage and laser sintering nozzle device, a storage bin is cylindrical, a cylindrical barrel is divided into n partitions with equal volumes by using a partition plate, each partition is communicated with a laser sintering nozzle through a respective blanking valve, and n is a positive integer.
3. The multi-bin, pressure-adjustable 3D printing system of claim 1, wherein the system is technically characterized in that: the detection head of the integrated temperature and pressure sensor is arranged in the closed working chamber, the display and communication connecting part of the temperature and pressure sensor is arranged outside the closed working chamber, the gas component sampling detection device is arranged outside the closed working chamber, and the gas component sampling is carried out by opening a hole on the wall of the closed working chamber or sampling by opening a hole on an exhaust pipeline and a circulating pipeline of the system.
4. The multi-bin, pressure-adjustable 3D printing system of claim 1, wherein the system is technically characterized in that: the gas sources of the working gas are respectively argon gas with the concentration of 99.999%, carbon dioxide gas with the concentration of 99.999% and nitrogen gas with the concentration of 99.999%, and when the gas source of the working gas adopts the nitrogen gas with the concentration of 99.999%, the nitrogen gas adsorption layer in the filtering device is removed or replaced by a water vapor adsorption layer or an oxygen adsorption layer.
5. The multi-bin, pressure-adjustable 3D printing system of claim 1, wherein the system is technically characterized in that: the environment system control unit is connected with an automatic opening and closing device of a sealed working chamber door, a gas component sampling detection device, a pressure and temperature sensor, an exhaust valve, a circulating valve, an air supply valve, a compression air pump and a vacuum pump through communication cables or wireless communication channels to form an intelligent automatic control system, and is connected with the three-dimensional image generation equipment and the printing operation screen through the wireless communication channels or the communication cables to share information.
6. The multi-bin, pressure-adjustable 3D printing system of claim 1, wherein the system is technically characterized in that: the environment system control unit is a PLC system or a DCS system, and the three-dimensional image generation equipment has the functions of the control unit and the upper computer of the printing operation screen.
7. The multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing process method adopting the 3D printing system of claim 1 is characterized in that: when the pressure p of working gas in the closed working chamber is more than or equal to 0.1MPa, the printing process has the steps;
1) replacing all filtering and adsorbing material layers in the filtering device with brand new filtering and adsorbing material layers, drawing a three-dimensional image of the component on three-dimensional image generating equipment, and compiling a 3D printing operation program of each part of the component according to image characteristics;
2) closing a sealing door of the sealed working chamber, uploading and downloading three-dimensional images of the components on a printing operation screen, setting and confirming the values of concentration, pressure and temperature which should be reached by working gas in the sealed working chamber, inputting and confirming a 3D printing operation program, opening an exhaust valve, closing a circulating valve, opening an air supplementing valve, starting a vacuum pump and starting a compression air pump;
3) when the gas concentration, pressure and temperature of the working gas in the closed working chamber reach preset values; opening a circulating valve, adjusting the rotating speed of a compression air pump and a vacuum pump and the opening of an exhaust valve to ensure that the concentration, pressure and temperature parameters of the working gas in the closed working chamber are stably maintained in a preset interval, closing the exhaust valve, an air supplementing valve and stopping the vacuum pump, and ensuring that the working gas parameters are stable;
4) starting the material storage and laser sintering nozzle device and the three-dimensional moving workbench on the printing operation screen to perform 3D printing operation, automatically displaying the operation process of the component on the printing operation screen and recording parameters until the 3D printing operation is completed, and automatically stopping the material storage and laser sintering nozzle device and the three-dimensional moving workbench;
5) when the pressure of the working gas is set to be greater than 1 standard atmospheric pressure, the circulating valve is closed, the compression air pump is stopped, the exhaust valve is opened, the vacuum pump is started, when the pressure in the closed working chamber is close to 1 standard atmospheric pressure, the vacuum pump is stopped, the automatic sealing door of the closed working chamber is opened, the workpiece is taken out, and the operation is completed.
8. The multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing process method adopting the 3D printing system of claim 1 is characterized in that: when the pressure p of working gas in the closed working chamber is less than 0.1MPa, the printing process has the steps of;
1) replacing all filtering and adsorbing material layers in the filtering device with brand new filtering and adsorbing material layers, drawing a three-dimensional image of the component on three-dimensional image generating equipment, and compiling a 3D printing operation program of each part of the component according to image characteristics;
2) closing a sealing door of the sealed working chamber, uploading and downloading three-dimensional images of the components on a printing operation screen, setting and confirming the values of concentration, pressure and temperature which should be reached by working gas in the sealed working chamber, inputting and confirming a 3D printing operation program, opening an exhaust valve, closing a circulating valve, opening an air supplementing valve, starting a vacuum pump and starting a compression air pump;
3) when the gas concentration, pressure and temperature of the working gas in the closed working chamber reach preset values; opening a circulating valve, adjusting the rotating speed of a compression air pump and a vacuum pump and the opening of an exhaust valve to ensure that the concentration, pressure and temperature parameters of the working gas in the closed working chamber are stably maintained in a preset interval, closing an air supply valve, closing the exhaust valve and stopping the vacuum pump, and the working gas parameters are stable;
4) starting the material storage and laser sintering nozzle device and the three-dimensional moving workbench on the printing operation screen to perform 3D printing operation, automatically displaying the operation process of the component on the printing operation screen and recording parameters until the 3D printing operation is completed, and automatically stopping the material storage and laser sintering nozzle device and the three-dimensional moving workbench;
5) and closing the circulating valve, stopping the compression air pump when the pressure in the closed working chamber is close to 1 standard atmospheric pressure, opening the automatic sealing door of the closed working chamber, taking out the workpiece, and finishing the operation.
9. The multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing process method adopting the 3D printing system of claim 1 is characterized in that: the working gas in the closed working chamber is a mixed gas of argon and air, and the 3D printing operation can be started at any value of the argon concentration of 80.00-99.999%, the pressure of 0.05-6 MPa and the temperature range of-40-550 ℃.
10. The multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing process method adopting the 3D printing system of claim 1 is characterized in that: the working gas in the closed working chamber is CO2Mixture of gas and air, CO thereof2The 3D printing operation can be started by any value of the gas concentration of 80.00-99.999%, the pressure range of 0.05-6 MPa and the temperature range of-40-550 ℃.
11. The multi-bin pressure-adjustable 3D printing process method adopting the 3D printing system of claim 1 is characterized in that: the working gas in the closed working chamber is a mixed gas of nitrogen and air, and the 3D printing operation can be started at any value of the nitrogen concentration of 80.00-99.999%, the pressure range of 0.05-8 MPa and the temperature range of-40-550 ℃.
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