CN117564449B - Environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing combined machining device and method - Google Patents
Environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing combined machining device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN117564449B CN117564449B CN202410052993.0A CN202410052993A CN117564449B CN 117564449 B CN117564449 B CN 117564449B CN 202410052993 A CN202410052993 A CN 202410052993A CN 117564449 B CN117564449 B CN 117564449B
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- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 185
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 84
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 28
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- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007648 laser printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 202
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 29
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 18
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H5/00—Combined machining
- B23H5/06—Electrochemical machining combined with mechanical working, e.g. grinding or honing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/02—Trimming or deburring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/146—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor the fluid stream containing a liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite processing device and method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing and electrolytic machining, in particular to an environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite machining device and method.
Background
Laser additive manufacturing refers to an additive manufacturing mode of forming a part with a specific geometric shape by taking metal powder as a raw material, taking laser as a heat source, melting the metal at a high temperature by the laser and accumulating the metal layer by layer, and is also called laser 3D printing. The method has the advantages of wide raw material selection, low cost, high material utilization rate, high printing and forming efficiency, high workpiece density, easiness in automation, greenness, no pollution and the like, is an additive manufacturing process with high stacking rate, high material utilization rate, high cost performance and great potential, and has wide application in the fields of aerospace, marine ships, petrochemical industry and the like. Although the surface of the workpiece manufactured by laser additive is smoother than that of the workpiece manufactured by arc additive and other methods, the surface quality and smoothness are still deficient, and other processes are used for removing a small amount of materials on the surface of the workpiece, so that the dimensional accuracy and the surface quality of the workpiece are improved.
At present, the more common method is to directly stack a three-dimensional structure on a substrate through laser additive manufacturing, and then to assist in a small amount of milling machining to improve the forming precision and the surface quality. Although the milling machine makes up the shortages of the laser additive manufacturing in geometric dimension and surface smoothness to a great extent, the laser additive manufacturing belongs to a hot processing technology, the milling machine belongs to a cold processing technology, and obvious macro and micro error transfer processes exist in the circulation alternation of the hot and cold processing technologies, so that the development of the composite manufacturing technology to the directions of high precision and high performance is restrained, and the method needs to use two sets of devices of a laser additive manufacturing system and a milling machine tool successively, so that the working procedure is complex. Because the thermal processing technology such as laser additive manufacturing releases a large amount of heat in the processing process, and the workpiece is subjected to repeated heating-cooling processes in the processing, the residual stress in the workpiece is large and unevenly distributed, the workpiece is easy to deform, and the quality and smoothness of the formed surface of the workpiece are insufficient, the workpiece is required to be effectively cooled in the processing, and the surface of the workpiece is required to be smooth.
Aiming at a similar arc additive manufacturing processing method, china patent 202111367079.8 proposes an arc additive and electrochemical material reduction composite manufacturing device and method, in the arc additive manufacturing process, a certain number of layers are printed, then the platform height is lowered into a solution, electrochemical material reduction is utilized to carry out electrochemical trimming on the rough surface of a workpiece, the quality of the processed surface is improved, the workpiece is soaked in an electrochemical solution, the cooling effect can be achieved, and the influence of heat on the internal stress and the appearance of the workpiece is reduced. However, the composite processing device and the method have the defects that: the material adding and the material subtracting are alternately performed, so that simultaneous processing cannot be realized; the arc printing quality is poor, and the required electrolysis time is long; the arc processing head is fixed, so that the processing of multiple angles and curved surfaces cannot be realized; the additive manufacturing is carried out on air, and special gas environment and pressure environment cannot be set; electrolyte is not circulated, solute may be unevenly distributed, and electrolytic performance is affected; the work piece needs to be lowered into the solution for electrolysis and auxiliary cooling, and cannot be completed in situ.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the arc material-increasing and electrochemical material-reducing composite manufacturing device and method in the prior art and the metallurgical defects in the normal-pressure atmosphere surrounding laser material-increasing manufacturing component, the service performance of the material in extreme environments is obviously reduced, and the problems of influencing the product quality, the yield and the market application caused by the rough surface quality or defects of the laser material-increasing processing forming component are solved. The invention provides an environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite processing device and method, which are used for carrying out laser additive manufacturing in a solution medium and special gas environment with certain pressure regulated and controlled.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
An environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing combined machining device comprises a high-pressure cabin system, a laser head moving and protecting device, a laser additive manufacturing system, a gas supply system, a solution circulating system and an in-situ electrochemical polishing system;
the high-pressure cabin system comprises a high-pressure cabin body, a high-pressure cabin body and a high-pressure cabin, wherein the high-pressure cabin body is used for containing liquid, constructing a specific in-cabin solution environment for electrochemical polishing and providing a needed pressure environment for laser additive manufacturing through pressurization;
The laser head moving and protecting device is positioned in the high-pressure cabin body and used for controlling the movement of the laser head and protecting the laser head in a solution environment, and comprises a laser head protecting cover, a liquid discharging cover and a mechanical arm, wherein the first end of the mechanical arm is fixed on the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin body, and the second end of the mechanical arm is fixed on the laser head protecting cover and used for driving the laser head protecting cover, the laser head and the liquid discharging cover to translate and rotate so as to realize multi-angle and curved surface scanning tracks; the surface of the liquid discharge cover is provided with a plurality of bottom through holes and top through holes, the bottom through holes are distributed along a semicircle at the position of the bottom of the liquid discharge cover, which is close to the substrate, the bottom through holes can discharge the gas in the liquid discharge cover to block the liquid in the hyperbaric chamber main body from entering, and the liquid discharge cover can form a local dry area in the hyperbaric chamber main body solution to construct a gas environment with specific components; the bottom of the laser head protecting cover is connected with the liquid discharge cover and is provided with a seal, and the laser head protecting cover is used for preventing the laser head from being contacted with the solution in the hyperbaric chamber main body;
The laser additive manufacturing system comprises a laser head, a powder feeder, a powder feeding pipeline, an optical fiber, a laser and a substrate, wherein the laser head is arranged in a laser head protecting cover, one end of the laser head extends into a liquid discharging cover, the first end of the powder feeding pipeline is connected with the powder feeder, and the second end of the powder feeding pipeline penetrates through a high-pressure cabin main body wall of the high-pressure cabin system and is fixed on the laser head protecting cover; the powder feeder is positioned outside the high-pressure cabin body, a powder feeding pipeline passes through the high-pressure cabin body and the laser head protective cover, a seal is arranged between the powder feeding pipeline and the high-pressure cabin body as well as between the powder feeding pipeline and the laser head protective cover, the powder feeder transmits metal powder to the laser head through the powder feeding pipeline, the metal powder finally interacts with laser to form a liquid molten pool, and the laser additive manufacturing system can utilize high-energy laser and the metal powder to prepare a deposition layer;
The laser is used for generating high-energy laser, the laser is connected with the laser head through an optical fiber, the optical fiber passes through the high-pressure cabin main body and the laser head protective cover, sealing is arranged between the optical fiber and the high-pressure cabin main body and the laser head protective cover, the high-energy laser enters the laser head through the optical fiber, after refraction, a micro-molten pool is formed at one point on the substrate, the substrate is arranged between the bottom of the high-pressure cabin main body and the liquid discharge cover, the substrate is connected with the electrolytic anode, the laser comprises a plurality of types of lasers including but not limited to semiconductor laser, gas laser, solid laser and the like, the lasers comprise but not limited to infrared laser, blue light, green light and the like, the powder feeder can simultaneously convey one or more metal powders, and the metal powders are spherical powders including but not limited to iron-based alloy, nickel-based alloy, cobalt-based alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy and the like.
The gas supply system comprises a gas exhaust pipeline, the gas exhaust pipeline is communicated with the inside of the laser head protective cover and the liquid discharge cover, the gas exhaust pipeline can convey special gas to the laser head moving and protecting device, the gas exhaust pipeline continuously introduces gas into the liquid discharge cover and the laser head protective cover to block the solution in the high-pressure cabin main body from entering, and the special gas protective environment can be provided for a molten pool while a local dry area is formed in the solution environment;
The solution circulation system is communicated with the hyperbaric chamber main body and comprises a standby solution storage tank, a liquid inlet pipeline, a liquid discharge pipeline and a liquid discharge storage tank, wherein the standby solution storage tank is positioned outside the hyperbaric chamber main body and is used for storing a standby special solution; the liquid discharge storage tank is used for storing the discharged liquid of the high-pressure cabin main body; the first end of the liquid inlet pipeline is connected with a solution storage tank for standby, and the second end of the liquid inlet pipeline is connected with the hyperbaric chamber main body; the first end of the liquid discharge pipeline is connected with the hyperbaric chamber main body, and the second end of the liquid discharge pipeline is connected with the liquid storage tank for standby after being communicated with the liquid discharge storage tank;
The in-situ electrochemical polishing system comprises an electrolytic cathode fixed on the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin main body and an electrolytic anode connected with the laser additive manufacturing system, wherein the electrolytic cathode is connected with the electrolytic anode through a wire, the electrolytic anode is subjected to electrolytic polishing, the processing surface tends to be smooth and flat, and the in-situ electrochemical polishing system can improve the surface quality and smoothness of a workpiece through electrolytic processing of the workpiece.
In some embodiments, the hyperbaric chamber system further comprises a hyperbaric chamber lid, a solution state sensor, a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, an air outlet, and an air outlet valve;
The high-pressure cabin cover is arranged on the upper portion of the high-pressure cabin body, a seal is arranged between the high-pressure cabin body and the high-pressure cabin cover, an exhaust port is arranged on the top of the high-pressure cabin cover, an exhaust valve is arranged above the exhaust port and used for adjusting the opening degree to further adjust the exhaust flow of the high-pressure cabin body, pressurization or pressure relief in the cabin is achieved, the solution state sensor is fixed at the position, close to the bottom, of the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin body and used for detecting the environmental properties of the solution in real time and analyzing the state parameters of the solution, including, but not limited to, the state parameters such as the liquid level pressure, the solution temperature, the pH value of the solution, the oxygen content of the solution and the like, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of the high-pressure cabin body and used for controlling the solution to enter and be discharged.
In some embodiments, the gas supply system further comprises a gas cylinder, a gas supply valve, and a powder feed gas line;
The gas cylinder is located the hyperbaric chamber main part outside, the blast pipe way passes the hyperbaric chamber main part and links to each other with the top through-hole of flowing back cover respectively, laser head safety cover intercommunication, be provided with sealedly between exhaust pipe and the hyperbaric chamber main part, the gas cylinder passes through exhaust pipe and carries central gas and shielding gas to laser head and flowing back cover, the gas cylinder can provide multiple type hyperbaric gas, including but not limited to multiple hyperbaric gases such as hyperbaric nitrogen gas, hyperbaric argon gas, hyperbaric helium gas, hyperbaric oxygen gas, the air supply valve is located gas cylinder bottleneck department for control the air feed pressure and the air feed flow of gas cylinder, the gas cylinder is through the powder feeder pipeline to powder feeder conveying gas.
In some embodiments, the solution circulation system further comprises a filter valve, a liquid inlet pump, a liquid inlet valve, an in-tank solution, a liquid discharge valve, a circulation pump, and a circulation check valve;
The solution storage tank for standby is used for conveying the solution into the high-pressure cabin body through the liquid inlet pipeline and the liquid inlet, the filter valve, the liquid inlet pump and the liquid inlet valve are sequentially arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline between the solution storage tank for standby and the liquid inlet, the liquid inlet pump can be used for conveying the solution for standby in the solution storage tank for standby into the high-pressure cabin body to form a specific solution environment, the filter valve can be used for filtering impurity particles of the solution in the solution storage tank for standby, and the liquid inlet valve can be used for adjusting the flow of the solution discharged from the solution storage tank for standby; the solution in the cabin is liquid and nonflammable and explosive liquid under the pressure of a room temperature chamber, and can be used for electrochemical polishing, the type of the strong electrolyte solution comprises but is not limited to strong electrolyte solutions such as sodium chloride solution, sodium carbonate solution, calcium chloride solution, ammonium sulfate solution and the like, the solution in the cabin enters the liquid discharge storage tank from the liquid discharge port through the liquid discharge pipeline, the liquid discharge valve is arranged on the liquid discharge pipeline between the liquid discharge port and the liquid discharge storage tank and is used for adjusting the flow rate of the solution discharged by the liquid discharge port, the circulating valve, the circulating pump and the circulating one-way valve are sequentially arranged on the liquid discharge pipeline between the liquid discharge storage tank and the standby solution storage tank, the circulating valve can adjust the flow rate of the solution entering the standby solution storage tank from the liquid discharge storage tank, the circulating pump can convey the discharged liquid to the standby solution storage tank, and the circulating one-way valve can control the flow direction of the discharged liquid to the liquid discharge storage tank, so that the circulation of a solution environment is formed.
In the processing process, the solution in the cabin returns to the solution in the cabin through the liquid outlet, the liquid outlet pipeline, the liquid outlet valve, the liquid outlet storage tank, the circulating valve, the circulating pump, the circulating one-way valve, the standby solution storage tank, the liquid inlet pipeline, the filtering valve, the liquid inlet pump, the liquid inlet valve and the liquid inlet, and the solution circularly flows according to the route.
In some embodiments, the in-situ electrochemical polishing system further comprises a processing power source, a support drive;
The processing power supply is arranged outside the high-pressure chamber main body and is connected with the high-pressure chamber main body through a wire or a pipeline, the electrolytic cathode is provided with a connecting rod and is connected with a supporting driving device through the connecting rod, the supporting driving device is fixed on the inner wall of the high-pressure chamber main body, and the supporting driving device drives the electrolytic cathode to move up and down through the connecting rod so as to keep part of the electrolytic cathode in a solution environment and adapt to different liquid level heights.
In some embodiments, the support driving device is a servo motor driving device, the electrolytic anode is formed by processing a small hole preset on the power supply anode access substrate, and the small hole is sealed to isolate the air environment in the hole and the external solution environment.
An environmental-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite processing device can set specific environmental media and environmental pressure for laser additive manufacturing.
The processing method of the environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite processing device comprises the following steps of:
S1: according to the material characteristics and the process requirements of a sample to be prepared, setting the solution characteristics and the protective gas characteristics;
S2: preparing required solution components, powder material components and shielding gas components, and determining laser additive manufacturing process parameters and other parameters of system operation;
s3: planning a laser additive manufacturing scanning path and writing a laser additive manufacturing program;
s4: preparing raw materials;
S5: the laser head is operated to a designated position, a high-pressure cabin system is closed and sealed, a gas supply system is operated, and a protective gas environment required by laser additive manufacturing is constructed;
s6: operating a solution circulation system, and injecting a solution of a specific component into the hyperbaric chamber system;
s7: regulating the environmental pressure of the solution in the high-pressure cabin;
S8: running a solution circulating system to enable the solution to circularly flow according to the process of the hyperbaric chamber main body, the liquid discharge storage tank, the standby solution storage tank and the hyperbaric chamber main body;
s9: operating a laser additive manufacturing system, executing a laser additive manufacturing program according to the process parameters set in the step S2, and printing layer by layer;
S10: in the step S8, simultaneously operating an in-situ electrochemical polishing system to electropolish the part of the workpiece exposed to the solution;
s11: after laser printing and electrolytic polishing are finished, discharging the solution out of the hyperbaric chamber main body under a certain pressure environment;
S12: closing the air supply system, and regulating the pressure in the high-pressure cabin body released by the high-pressure cabin system;
s13: the hyperbaric chamber body was opened and the processed sample was taken out.
It should be noted that, in S2, the required solution components include, but are not limited to, solutions including sodium chloride solution, sodium carbonate solution, calcium chloride solution, ammonium sulfate solution, etc., the required shielding gas component may be a mixture of one or more gases, and for the titanium alloy material, the shielding gas is set to a high-purity argon environment to reduce high-temperature oxidation; for high-nitrogen stainless steel materials, the protective gas can be set to be high-purity nitrogen, and the nitrogen loss of the materials is reduced by forming a high-pressure nitrogen environment, so that the porosity of a formed part is reduced; aiming at researching the influence of micro-oxidation on the performance of a stainless steel deposition layer, the shielding gas can be set as a mixed gas of oxygen and high-purity nitrogen in a certain proportion.
In S6, the solution is required to pass through the substrate, the solution state sensor, and a part of the electrolytic cathode.
The protection gas pressure and the powder feeding gas pressure in the step S7 are increased by 0.2-0.5 MPa on the basis of the solution ambient pressure; aiming at the requirement of establishing a high-pressure nitrogen environment, nitrogen loss of the high-nitrogen stainless steel in the laser additive manufacturing process can be reduced by forming the high-pressure nitrogen environment, different external pressure environments are set, and the pressure is not greater than the rated working pressure of the high-pressure chamber.
In some embodiments, in the laser additive manufacturing process parameters in the step S2, the laser spot diameter is 2-4 mm, the laser power is 1000-6000W, the scanning speed is 400-1800 mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 10-35 g/min, the overlap ratio between inner channels of a single layer is 30% -60%, and the thickness of the single layer is 0.4-1.5 mm.
In the processing method, laser material increase and electrochemical polishing are simultaneously applied to a workpiece, the laser material increase manufacturing is carried out in a local dry area in a liquid discharge cover, the electrochemical polishing is carried out in a solution immersed area, and all the processing is completed in situ.
The beneficial effects are that:
(1) The composite processing device provided by the invention can perform laser additive manufacturing in a solution medium and special gas environment with certain pressure regulated, and the formation of defects in the metallurgical process of a molten pool can be effectively regulated and controlled by regulating the environmental pressure and the environmental medium characteristics, so that the metallurgical bonding quality and mechanical property in the additive manufacturing material can be obviously improved; the laser additive manufacturing of the workpiece with multiple angles and curved surfaces is realized through the mechanical arm with high degree of freedom.
(2) The composite processing device provided by the invention can carry out in-situ electrochemical polishing on the laser material-increasing processing surface, and the laser material-increasing and electrochemical material-reducing are synchronously carried out, so that the surface of the laser material-increasing forming part is smoother than other material-increasing modes, the surface quality of a workpiece is greatly improved, the electrolytic polishing time is saved, the laser material-increasing and electrochemical material-reducing parts are highly matched, and the performance of a metal deposition layer is improved.
(3) The liquid discharge cover is arranged in the composite processing device and moves along with the laser head in the additive manufacturing process, so that the electrochemical polishing can be carried out on the additive forming surface of the workpiece exposed in the solution environment outside the liquid discharge cover, a plurality of bottom through holes are annularly distributed on the upper surface of the liquid discharge cover, a local dry area can be formed in the hyperbaric chamber main body solution to construct a gas environment with specific components, the synchronous processing of the in-cover laser additive manufacturing and out-cover electrolytic polishing of the workpiece is realized, the whole processing process is completed in situ, and the operation efficiency is greatly improved.
(4) According to the scheme, the workpiece is always in a solution environment, so that heat accumulation in the workpiece material-increasing process is well released, the workpiece can be promoted to be uniformly and effectively cooled, the internal residual stress is reduced, and the forming quality is improved.
(5) The solution circulation system in the scheme of the invention can avoid uneven local distribution of electrolyte components in the cabin and stabilize the electrolytic polishing effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an environment-tunable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite processing apparatus and method according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the connection between an electrolytic anode and a substrate in an in situ electrochemical polishing system according to the present invention.
Reference numerals:
In fig. 1: 101. a hyperbaric chamber main body; 102. a solution state sensor; 103. a liquid inlet; 104. a liquid outlet; 105. an exhaust port; 106. a high pressure hatch; 107. an exhaust valve; 201. a mechanical arm; 202. a laser head protective cover; 203. a liquid discharge cover; 301. a laser head; 302. a powder feeder; 303. a powder feeding pipeline; 304. a substrate; 401. a gas cylinder; 402. an air supply valve; 403. an exhaust line; 404. a powder feeding gas pipeline; 501. a solution storage tank for standby; 502. a solution is used; 503. a liquid inlet pipeline; 504. a filter valve; 505. a liquid inlet pump; 506. a liquid inlet valve; 507. an in-cabin solution; 508. a liquid discharge valve; 509 a drain line; 510. a liquid discharge storage tank; 511. discharging a liquid; 512. a circulation valve; 513. a circulation pump; 514. a circulation check valve; 601. a processing power supply; 602. an electrolytic cathode; 603. supporting the driving device; 604. an electrolytic anode; 605. and (5) sealing.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, an environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing combined machining device comprises a high-pressure cabin system, a laser head moving and protecting device, a laser additive manufacturing system, a gas supply system, a solution circulating system and an in-situ electrochemical polishing system;
The high-pressure cabin main body 101 in the high-pressure cabin system is used for containing liquid, constructing a specific in-cabin solution 507 environment for electrochemical polishing and providing a needed pressure environment for laser additive manufacturing through pressurization;
The laser head moving and protecting device is positioned in the hyperbaric chamber system and used for controlling the movement of the laser head 301 and protecting the laser head 301 in the environment of the solution 507 in the cabin, the laser head moving and protecting device comprises a mechanical arm 201, a laser head protecting cover 202 and a liquid discharging cover 203, the first end of the mechanical arm 201 is fixed on the inner wall of the hyperbaric chamber main body 101, and the second end of the mechanical arm 201 is fixed on the laser head protecting cover 202 and used for driving the laser head protecting cover 202, the laser head 301 and the liquid discharging cover 203 to translate and rotate so as to realize multi-angle and curved surface scanning tracks; the surface of the liquid discharge cover 203 is provided with bottom through holes, the bottom through holes are distributed along a semicircle at the position, close to the substrate 304, of the bottom of the liquid discharge cover 203, the bottom through holes can discharge gas in the liquid discharge cover 203 so as to block liquid in the hyperbaric chamber main body 101 from entering, the liquid discharge cover 203 can form a local dry area in a solution 507 in the hyperbaric chamber main body 101 so as to construct a gas environment with specific components, the bottom of the laser head protection cover 202 is connected with the liquid discharge cover 203 and is provided with a seal, and the laser head protection cover 202 is used for preventing the laser head from contacting with the solution in the hyperbaric chamber main body 101;
The laser additive manufacturing system comprises a laser head 301, a powder feeder 302 and a powder feeding pipeline 303, wherein the laser head 301 is arranged in a laser head protecting cover 202, one end of the laser head 301 extends into a liquid discharging cover 203, a first end of the powder feeding pipeline 303 is connected with the powder feeder 302, and a second end of the powder feeding pipeline passes through a high-pressure cabin main body 101 of the high-pressure cabin system and is fixed on the laser head protecting cover 202; the powder feeder 302 is positioned outside the high-pressure cabin body, the powder feeding pipeline 303 penetrates through the high-pressure cabin body 101 and the laser head protective cover 202, a seal is arranged between the powder feeding pipeline 303 and the high-pressure cabin body 101 and between the powder feeding pipeline 303 and the laser head protective cover 202, the powder feeder 302 transmits metal powder to the laser head 301 through the powder feeding pipeline 303, the metal powder finally interacts with laser to form a liquid molten pool, and the laser additive manufacturing system can utilize high-energy laser and the metal powder to prepare a deposition layer;
The gas supply system comprises a gas exhaust pipeline 403, the gas exhaust pipeline 403 can convey special gas to the laser head moving and protecting device, the gas exhaust pipeline 403 continuously introduces gas into the liquid discharge cover 203 and the laser head protecting cover 202 to block the solution in the high-pressure cabin main body 101 from entering, and can form a local dry area in the cabin solution 507 environment and provide special gas protecting environment for a molten pool
The solution circulation system is communicated with the hyperbaric chamber main body 101, and comprises a standby solution storage tank 501, a liquid inlet pipeline 503, a liquid discharge pipeline 509 and a liquid discharge storage tank 510, wherein the standby solution storage tank 501 is positioned outside the hyperbaric chamber main body 101, and the standby solution storage tank 501 is used for storing the standby solution 502; the liquid discharge storage tank 510 is used for storing the discharge liquid 511 of the hyperbaric chamber main body 101; the first end of the liquid inlet pipeline 503 is connected with the standby solution storage tank 501, and the second end is connected with the hyperbaric chamber main body 101; the first end of the liquid discharge pipeline 509 is connected with the hyperbaric chamber main body 101, and the second end is communicated with the liquid discharge storage tank 510 and the standby solution storage tank 501;
The in-situ electrochemical polishing system comprises an electrolytic cathode 602 fixed on the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin main body 101 and an electrolytic anode 604 connected with the laser additive manufacturing system, wherein the electrolytic cathode 602 and the electrolytic anode 604 are connected through a wire, the electrolytic anode 604 is subjected to electrolytic polishing, the processing surface tends to be smooth and flat, and the in-situ electrochemical polishing system can improve the surface quality and smoothness of a workpiece through electrolytic processing of the workpiece.
The high pressure cabin system further comprises a high pressure cabin cover 106, a solution state sensor 102, a liquid inlet 103, a liquid outlet 104, an exhaust port 105 and an exhaust valve 107;
The high-pressure cabin cover 106 is arranged on the upper portion of the high-pressure cabin main body 101, a seal is arranged between the high-pressure cabin main body 101 and the high-pressure cabin cover 106, the top of the high-pressure cabin cover 106 is provided with the exhaust port 105, the exhaust valve 107 is arranged above the exhaust port 105 and used for adjusting the opening degree to further adjust the exhaust flow of the high-pressure cabin main body 101, pressurization or pressure relief in the cabin is realized, the solution state sensor 102 is fixed on the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin main body 101 at a position close to the bottom and used for detecting the environmental properties of the solution in real time and analyzing the state parameters of the solution, including but not limited to the state parameters such as the liquid level pressure, the solution temperature, the solution pH value, the solution oxygen content and the like, and the liquid inlet 103 and the liquid outlet 104 are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of the high-pressure cabin main body 101 and used for controlling the solution to enter and discharge.
The laser additive manufacturing system further includes an optical fiber, a laser, and a substrate 304;
the laser is used for generating high-energy laser, the laser is connected with the laser head 301 through optical fibers, the optical fibers penetrate through the high-pressure cabin main body 101 and the laser head protection cover 202, a seal is arranged between the optical fibers and the high-pressure cabin main body 101 and the laser head protection cover 202, the high-energy laser enters the laser head through the optical fibers, after refraction, a point converged on a substrate forms a micro-molten pool, the powder feeder 302 is positioned outside the high-pressure cabin main body 101, the powder feeding pipeline 303 penetrates through the high-pressure cabin main body 101 and the laser head protection cover 202, a seal is arranged between the powder feeding pipeline 303 and the high-pressure cabin main body 101 and the laser head protection cover 202, the powder feeder 302 transmits metal powder to the laser head 301 through the powder feeding pipeline 303, the metal powder finally interacts with the laser to form a liquid molten pool, the substrate 304 is arranged between the bottom of the high-pressure cabin body 101 and the liquid discharge cover 203, the substrate 304 is connected with the electrolytic anode 604, and the lasers comprise various types of lasers including but not limited to semiconductor lasers, gas lasers, solid lasers and the like, the lasers comprise various wavelengths including but not limited to infrared lasers, blue lasers, green lasers and the like, the powder feeder 302 can realize simultaneous conveying of one or more metal powder, and the metal powder is spherical powder and comprises various metal powder including but not limited to iron-based alloy, nickel-based alloy, cobalt-based alloy, titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, aluminum alloy, copper alloy and the like.
The air supply system also comprises an air bottle 401, an air supply valve 402 and a powder supply pipeline 404;
The gas cylinder 401 is located outside the high-pressure cabin body 101, the exhaust pipeline 403 passes through the high-pressure cabin body 101 and is respectively communicated with the top through hole of the liquid discharge cover 203 and the laser head protection cover 202, sealing is arranged between the exhaust pipeline 403 and the high-pressure cabin body 101, the gas cylinder 401 is used for conveying central gas and protection gas to the laser head 301 and the liquid discharge cover 203 through the exhaust pipeline 403, the gas cylinder 401 can provide various types of high-pressure gas, including but not limited to high-pressure nitrogen, high-pressure argon, high-pressure helium, high-pressure oxygen and other high-pressure gases, the gas supply valve 402 is located at the bottle mouth of the gas cylinder 401 and is used for controlling the gas supply pressure and the gas supply flow of the gas cylinder 401, and the gas cylinder 401 is used for conveying gas to the powder feeder 302 through the powder feeding gas pipeline 404.
The solution circulation system further includes a standby solution 502, a filter valve 504, a liquid inlet pump 505, a liquid inlet valve 506, an in-tank solution 507, a liquid discharge valve 508, a liquid discharge 511, a circulation valve 512, a circulation pump 513, and a circulation check valve 514;
The standby solution storage tank 501 conveys the solution into the hyperbaric chamber main body 101 through the liquid inlet pipeline 503 and the liquid inlet 103, the filter valve 504, the liquid inlet pump 505 and the liquid inlet valve 506 are sequentially arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline 503 between the standby solution storage tank 501 and the liquid inlet 103, the liquid inlet pump 505 can convey the standby solution 502 in the standby solution storage tank 501 into the hyperbaric chamber main body 101 to form a specific solution environment, the filter valve 504 can filter impurity particles of the standby solution 502 in the standby solution storage tank 501, and the liquid inlet valve 506 can adjust the flow of the solution discharged from the standby solution storage tank 501; the in-cabin solution 507 is a liquid which is liquid at room temperature and is not inflammable and explosive, and can be used for electrochemical polishing, and the type of the in-cabin solution comprises, but is not limited to, a strong electrolyte solution such as a sodium chloride solution, a sodium carbonate solution, a calcium chloride solution, an ammonium sulfate solution and the like, the in-cabin solution 507 enters the drain storage tank 510 from the drain port 104 through a drain pipeline 509, a drain valve 508 is arranged on the drain pipeline 509 between the drain port 104 and the drain storage tank 510 and is used for adjusting the flow rate of the drain 511 of the drain port 104, a circulation valve 512, a circulation pump 513 and a circulation check valve 514 are sequentially arranged on the drain pipeline 509 between the drain storage tank 510 and the standby solution storage tank 501, the circulation valve 512 can adjust the flow rate of the solution entering the standby solution storage tank 501 from the drain storage tank 510, the circulation pump 513 can convey the drain 511 to the standby solution storage tank 501, and the circulation check valve 514 can control the flow direction of the drain 511 to the drain storage tank 510, so that the circulation of a solution environment is formed.
In the processing process, the solution 507 in the cabin returns to the solution 507 in the cabin through the liquid outlet 104, the liquid outlet pipeline 509, the liquid outlet valve 508, the liquid outlet storage tank 510, the circulating valve 512, the circulating pump 513, the circulating one-way valve 514, the solution storage tank 501 for standby, the liquid inlet pipeline 503, the filtering valve 504, the liquid inlet pump 505, the liquid inlet valve 506 and the liquid inlet 103, and the solution circularly flows along the route.
The in-situ electrochemical polishing system further comprises a processing power supply 601 and a support driving device 603;
The processing power supply 601 is arranged outside the high-pressure cabin main body 101 and is connected with the high-pressure cabin main body 101 through a wire or a pipeline, the electrolytic cathode 602 is provided with a connecting rod and is connected with the supporting driving device 603 through the connecting rod, the supporting driving device 603 is fixed on the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin main body 101, and the supporting driving device 603 drives the electrolytic cathode 602 to move up and down through the connecting rod so as to keep a part of the electrolytic cathode 602 in a solution environment and adapt to different liquid level heights.
The supporting driving device 603 is a servo motor driving device, and as can be seen in fig. 2, the electrolytic anode 604 is formed by processing a small hole preset on the substrate 304 to which the positive electrode of the power supply 601 is connected, and the sealing glue 605 seals the small hole to isolate the air environment and the external solution environment in the hole.
The specific working process comprises the following steps:
Firstly, preparing a base plate 304, solution components, powder materials and protective gas components required by operation, determining operation parameters of each system and a laser additive manufacturing procedure, then operating a laser head 301 positioned in a laser head protecting cover 202 and a liquid discharging cover 203 to a designated position of the base plate 304 through a mechanical arm 201, closing a high-pressure cabin cover 106 to seal the high-pressure cabin system, operating a gas supply system, conveying central gas and protective gas to the laser head protecting cover 202 and the liquid discharging cover 203 through a gas exhaust pipeline 403 by a gas cylinder 401, establishing a local dry area, simultaneously conveying gas to a powder feeder 302 through a powder feeding pipeline 404 by the gas cylinder 401, then injecting a specific solution into the high-pressure cabin body 101 through a liquid inlet 103 by a solution storage tank 501 to be used, regulating the environmental pressure of the solution in the high-pressure cabin body 101 by an exhaust valve 107, discharging the solution from the high-pressure cabin body 101 into a liquid discharging storage tank 510 through a liquid discharging pipeline 509, returning the discharged liquid 511 in the liquid discharging storage tank 510 to the solution storage tank 501 through the liquid discharging pipeline 509, and then entering a solution circulating path again for reciprocation;
Next, a laser additive manufacturing system is operated, high-energy laser enters a laser head 301 through an optical fiber by a laser according to set parameters, high-energy laser refracts and converges to form a micro-molten pool on a substrate 304, a powder feeder 302 feeds metal powder to the laser head 301 through a powder feeding pipeline 303, the metal powder and the laser interact to print layer by layer, a mechanical arm 201 controls the whole laser head to move and a protection device to move, a part of the laser additive is gradually exposed to a solution environment, meanwhile, an in-situ electrochemical polishing system is operated, a processing power supply is switched on, the anode of the processing power supply 601 is connected to a preset small hole on the substrate 304 to form an electrolytic anode 604, the electrolytic cathode 602 is always kept in the solution environment partially through a supporting driving device 603, and the part of the substrate 304 exposed to the solution is subjected to electrolytic polishing;
finally, the laser material adding and electrolytic polishing processing is completed, the solution in the high-pressure cabin main body 101 is discharged through the liquid outlet 104 and collected for next use, the air supply system is closed, the pressure in the high-pressure cabin main body is relieved through the air outlet valve 107, and the high-pressure cabin cover 106 is opened to take out a processing sample.
The processing method of the environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite processing device comprises the following steps of:
s1: according to the material characteristics and the process requirements of a sample substrate 304 to be processed, which is flat and smooth in surface and free of pollutants, after machining, the solution characteristics and the shielding gas characteristics are set;
S2: preparing required solution components, powder material components and shielding gas components, and determining laser additive manufacturing process parameters and other parameters of system operation;
The required solution components include, but are not limited to, solutions including sodium chloride solution, sodium carbonate solution, calcium chloride solution, ammonium sulfate solution and the like, the required shielding gas component can be a mixture of one or more gases, and aiming at the titanium alloy material, the shielding gas is set in a high-purity argon environment so as to reduce high-temperature oxidation; for high-nitrogen stainless steel materials, the protective gas can be set to be high-purity nitrogen, and the nitrogen loss of the materials is reduced by forming a high-pressure nitrogen environment, so that the porosity of a formed part is reduced; aiming at researching the influence of micro-oxidation on the performance of a stainless steel deposition layer, the protective gas can be set as a mixed gas of oxygen and high-purity nitrogen in a certain proportion;
s3: planning a laser additive manufacturing scanning path and writing a laser additive manufacturing program;
s4: preparing raw materials including solution, a high-pressure gas cylinder group, alloy powder and a substrate;
S5: the laser head 301 is operated to a designated position, and the hyperbaric chamber system is closed and sealed. Operating an air supply system, establishing a local dry area in the laser head protective cover 202 and the liquid discharge cover 203, providing an air source for the powder feeder, and constructing a protective gas environment required by laser additive manufacturing;
s6: operating the solution circulation system, injecting a solution of a specific composition into the hyperbaric chamber system, the solution having to permeate through the substrate 304, the solution state sensor 102, and a portion of the electrolytic cathode 602;
s7: an exhaust valve 107 of the high-pressure cabin system is regulated, the environmental pressure of the solution in the high-pressure cabin is regulated, and the protective gas pressure and the powder feeding gas pressure are increased by 0.2-0.5 MPa on the basis of the environmental pressure of the solution 507 in the cabin;
Aiming at the requirement of establishing a high-pressure nitrogen environment, nitrogen loss of the high-nitrogen stainless steel in the laser additive manufacturing process can be reduced by forming the high-pressure nitrogen environment, different external pressure environments are set, and the pressure is not greater than the rated working pressure of the high-pressure chamber.
S8: the solution circulation system is operated to make the solution circulate according to the process of the hyperbaric chamber main body 101, the liquid discharge storage tank 510, the standby solution storage tank 501 and the hyperbaric chamber main body 101;
s9: operating a laser additive manufacturing system, executing a laser additive manufacturing program according to the process parameters set in the step S2, and printing layer by layer;
S10: when the step S8 is carried out, the in-situ electrochemical polishing system is operated at the same time, the power supply is switched on, and the part of the workpiece exposed in the solution is subjected to electrolytic polishing;
S11: after the laser printing and the electrolytic polishing are finished, discharging the solution out of the hyperbaric chamber main body 101 under a certain pressure environment, and removing the solution environment;
s12: the air supply system is turned off, the exhaust valve 107 of the high pressure cabin system is regulated, and the pressure in the high pressure cabin body 101 is released.
S13: the hyperbaric chamber body was opened and the processed sample was taken out.
The laser power in the laser additive manufacturing process parameters is 1000-6000W, the scanning speed is 400-1800 mm/min, the light spot diameter of the laser additive manufacturing in the laser additive manufacturing process is 2-4 mm, the powder feeding amount is 10-35 g/min, the overlap ratio between the inner channels of a single layer is 30% -60%, and the thickness of the single layer is 0.4-1.5 mm.
Example 1
Taking laser additive manufacturing in a 3.5wt% sodium chloride solution environment as an example, the porosity of a deposition layer is reduced, and electrochemical polishing is performed to improve the surface quality. The specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
S1: the solution was set to 3.5wt% sodium chloride solution, the pH of the solution was 7.0, and the pressure of the solution was 0.3 MPa. The shielding gas was set to high pressure nitrogen with a purity of 99.99%.
S2: the desired solution is prepared and placed in the standby solution tank 501. The components of the adopted high-nitrogen steel powder are ：C: 0.035 wt%, N: 0.42 wt%, Cr: 18.96 wt%, Ni: 0. 16wt%, Mn: 12.60 wt%, Mo: 2.97 wt%, Cu: 0.35 wt%, O: 0.07 wt%, Fe: percent and the balance. Setting laser additive manufacturing process parameters: laser spot diameter 3mm, laser power 2500W, scanning speed 1000 mm/min, powder feeding rate 28 g/min, overlap ratio 50%, single layer deposition height 1.0 mm.
S3: planning scan paths and writing laser additive manufacturing programs
S4: a sufficient amount of sodium chloride solution, a sufficient amount of high-purity nitrogen gas cylinder group, a sufficient amount of high-nitrogen steel powder and a high-nitrogen steel substrate are prepared.
S5: the laser head 301 is operated to a specified position by the robot arm 201. The hyperbaric chamber was closed and sealed. The gas supply valve 402 is opened to provide a gas source for the localized dry zone and a shielding gas environment for the molten bath.
S6: and operating the liquid inlet pump 505, and injecting sodium chloride solution into the high-pressure chamber to construct a sodium chloride solution environment. After reaching the designated water level, the inlet valve 506 is closed.
S7: the exhaust valve 107 was adjusted to adjust the pressure of the solution in the high pressure chamber to be stabilized at 0.3 MPa.
S8: the solution circulation system is operated, and the solution is circulated in the process of the cabin solution 507-the discharge solution 511-the standby solution 502-the cabin solution 507 sequentially by adjusting the solution inlet pump 505, the solution inlet valve 506, the liquid discharge valve 508, the circulation valve 512 and the circulation pump 513.
S9: and (3) operating the laser additive manufacturing system, executing a laser additive manufacturing program according to the process parameters set in the step (S2), and printing layer by layer until all layers are printed.
S10: in step S9, the in-situ electrochemical polishing system is operated simultaneously, the processing power supply 601 is turned on, and the part of the workpiece exposed to the solution is electropolished.
S11: after the laser printing and the electrolytic polishing are finished, the solution circulation system is closed, the pressure in the high-pressure chamber is maintained to be 0.1-0.2 MPa, the liquid discharge valve 508 is opened, and the waste liquid is discharged from the high-pressure chamber main body 101 to the liquid discharge storage tank 510.
S12: after the waste liquid is discharged, the liquid discharge valve 508 is closed; the gas supply valve 402 is closed, and the pressure in the hyperbaric chamber main body 101 is gradually released.
S13: the hyperbaric chamber was opened and samples were taken after laser additive manufacturing and electrochemical polishing.
The embodiment 1 can construct a local high-pressure high-nitrogen environment in a high-pressure environment of sodium chloride solution, so that the nitrogen solubility of a molten pool in the laser additive manufacturing process is greatly improved. Compared with the laser additive manufacturing method for high-nitrogen steel in the atmosphere, the laser additive manufacturing system and method provided by the invention greatly reduce the precipitation of nitrogen in the high-nitrogen steel material, reduce the porosity of a deposition layer, improve the austenite content of the deposition layer, improve the comprehensive performance of the deposition layer and improve the surface quality and smoothness of a formed part through electrochemical polishing.
Example 2
Taking laser additive manufacturing and electrochemical polishing of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy in a 25 wt% calcium chloride aqueous solution and high-pressure argon environment as examples, the cooling rate of a molten pool is improved, the grain size is refined and the quality of a processing surface is improved. The specific implementation process comprises the following steps:
S1: the solution was set to 25 wt% calcium chloride in water, the pH of the solution was less than 7, and the pressure of the solution was set to 0.3 MPa. The shielding gas was set to high pressure argon with a purity of 99.99%.
S2: the desired solution is prepared and placed in the standby solution tank 501. The Ti6Al4V titanium alloy comprises the following components: 6.041 wt% of Al, 4.02% wt% of V, 0.021% wt% of Fe, 0.019% by weight of O, 0.037% wt% of N and 0.037% by weight of Ti. Setting laser additive manufacturing process parameters: laser spot diameter 3 mm, laser power 1500W, scanning speed 1000 mm/min, powder feeding rate 10 g/min, overlap ratio 50%, single layer deposition height 0.6 mm.
S3: planning a scanning path and programming a laser additive manufacturing program.
S4: a sufficient amount and a sufficient concentration of calcium chloride solution, a sufficient amount of high purity argon bottle group, a sufficient amount of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy powder and a Ti6Al4V titanium alloy substrate are prepared.
S5: the laser head 301 is operated to a designated position by the robot arm 201, and a hyperbaric chamber is closed and sealed. The gas supply valve 402 is opened to provide a gas source for the localized dry zone and a shielding gas environment for the molten bath.
S6: the liquid inlet pump 505 is operated, and a calcium chloride solution is injected into the high pressure chamber to construct a calcium chloride solution environment. After the specified level is reached, the inlet valve 506 is closed.
S7: the exhaust valve 107 was adjusted to adjust the pressure of the solution in the high pressure chamber to be stabilized at 0.3 MPa.
S8: the solution circulation system is operated, and the solution is circulated in the process of the cabin solution 507-the discharge solution 511-the standby solution 502-the cabin solution 507 sequentially by adjusting the solution inlet pump 505, the solution inlet valve 506, the liquid discharge valve 508, the circulation valve 512 and the circulation pump 513.
S9: and (3) operating the laser additive manufacturing system, executing a laser additive manufacturing program according to the process parameters set in the step (S2), and printing layer by layer until all layers are printed.
S10: in step S9, the in-situ electrochemical polishing system is operated simultaneously, the processing power supply 601 is turned on, and the part of the workpiece exposed to the solution is electropolished.
S11: after the laser printing and the electrolytic polishing are finished, the solution circulation system is closed, the pressure in the high-pressure chamber is maintained to be 0.1-0.2 Mpa, the liquid discharge valve 508 is opened, and the waste liquid is discharged from the high-pressure chamber main body 101 to the liquid discharge storage tank 510.
S12: after the waste liquid is discharged, the liquid discharge valve 508 is closed; the gas supply valve 402 is closed, and the pressure in the hyperbaric chamber main body 101 is gradually released.
S13: the hyperbaric chamber was opened and samples were taken after laser additive manufacturing and electrochemical polishing.
In example 2, an electrolyte calcium chloride solution environment and a local high-pressure argon atmosphere were constructed in a high-pressure chamber. The solidification rate of a titanium alloy molten pool for laser additive manufacturing is improved, the high-temperature oxidation trend of the titanium alloy is weakened, the grain size of a titanium alloy deposition layer is thinned, the surface quality and smoothness of the additive manufacturing are improved, and the comprehensive performance of the titanium alloy manufactured by the laser additive is improved.
What has been described above is merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. An environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite processing device is characterized by comprising:
A hyperbaric chamber system comprising a hyperbaric chamber body;
The laser head moving and protecting device is arranged in the high-pressure cabin body and comprises a laser head protecting cover, a liquid discharging cover connected with the laser head protecting cover and a mechanical arm, wherein the first end of the mechanical arm is fixed on the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin body, and the second end of the mechanical arm is fixed on the laser head protecting cover; the surface of the liquid discharge cover is provided with a bottom through hole and a top through hole;
The laser additive manufacturing system comprises a laser head, a powder feeder, a powder feeding pipeline, an optical fiber, a laser and a substrate, wherein the laser head is arranged in a laser head protecting cover, one end of the laser head extends into a liquid discharge cover, the first end of the powder feeding pipeline is connected with the powder feeder, the second end of the powder feeding pipeline penetrates through the laser head protecting cover to be communicated with the laser head, the laser is connected with the laser head through the optical fiber, the substrate is arranged between the bottom of a high-pressure cabin main body and the liquid discharge cover, and the substrate is connected with an electrolytic anode;
the air supply system comprises an exhaust pipeline, and the exhaust pipeline is communicated with the inside of the laser head protecting cover and the liquid discharge cover;
The solution circulation system is communicated with the hyperbaric chamber main body and comprises a standby solution storage tank, a liquid inlet pipeline, a liquid discharge pipeline and a liquid discharge storage tank, wherein the standby solution storage tank, the liquid inlet pipeline and the liquid discharge pipeline are positioned outside the hyperbaric chamber main body; the first end of the liquid discharge pipeline is connected with the hyperbaric chamber main body, and the second end of the liquid discharge pipeline is communicated with the liquid discharge storage tank and then is connected with the standby solution storage tank;
An in-situ electrochemical polishing system comprising an electrolytic cathode secured to an inner wall of the hyperbaric chamber body and an electrolytic anode coupled to the laser additive manufacturing system.
2. The environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing combined machining device according to claim 1, wherein the high-pressure cabin system further comprises a high-pressure cabin cover, a solution state sensor, a liquid inlet, a liquid outlet, an exhaust port and an exhaust valve;
The high-pressure cabin cover is arranged on the upper portion of the high-pressure cabin body, the exhaust port is arranged on the top of the high-pressure cabin cover, the exhaust valve is arranged above the exhaust port, the solution state sensor is fixed at the position, close to the bottom, of the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin body, and the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet are respectively arranged on two sides of the bottom of the high-pressure cabin body.
3. The environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing combined machining device according to claim 1, wherein the air supply system further comprises an air cylinder, an air supply valve and a powder supply pipeline;
the gas cylinder is located outside the high-pressure cabin body, the gas cylinder is respectively communicated with the liquid discharge cover and the laser head protection cover through the exhaust pipeline, the gas cylinder also conveys gas to the powder feeder through the powder feeding gas pipeline, and the gas supply valve is located at the bottle mouth of the gas cylinder.
4. The environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite processing device according to claim 1, wherein the solution circulation system further comprises a filter valve, a liquid inlet pump, a liquid inlet valve, an in-cabin solution, a liquid discharge valve, a circulation pump and a circulation check valve;
The filter valve, the liquid inlet pump and the liquid inlet valve are sequentially arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline;
the liquid draining valve, the liquid draining storage tank, the circulating valve, the circulating pump and the circulating one-way valve are sequentially arranged on the liquid draining pipeline.
5. An environmentally-tunable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite machining device according to claim 1, wherein the in-situ electrochemical polishing system further comprises a machining power supply and a support driving device;
the processing power supply is arranged outside the high-pressure cabin body and is connected with the high-pressure cabin body through a wire or a pipeline;
The support driving device is fixed on the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin main body, and the electrolytic cathode is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the high-pressure cabin main body through the support driving device.
6. The environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite machining device according to claim 5, wherein the support driving device is a servo motor driving device, and the electrolytic anode is formed by connecting the machining power supply anode to a preset small hole on the substrate.
7. A method of processing using the environmentally tunable laser additive manufacturing and in situ electrochemical polishing composite processing device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
S1: according to the material characteristics and the process requirements of a sample to be prepared, setting the solution characteristics and the protective gas characteristics;
S2: preparing required solution components, powder material components and shielding gas components, and determining laser additive manufacturing process parameters and other parameters of system operation;
s3: planning a laser additive manufacturing scanning path and writing a laser additive manufacturing program;
s4: preparing raw materials;
S5: the laser head is operated to a designated position, a high-pressure cabin system is closed and sealed, a gas supply system is operated, and a protective gas environment required by laser additive manufacturing is constructed;
s6: operating a solution circulation system, and injecting a solution of a specific component into the hyperbaric chamber system;
s7: regulating the environmental pressure of the solution in the high-pressure cabin;
S8: running a solution circulating system to enable the solution to circularly flow according to the process of the hyperbaric chamber main body, the liquid discharge storage tank, the standby solution storage tank and the hyperbaric chamber main body;
s9: operating a laser additive manufacturing system, executing a laser additive manufacturing program according to the process parameters set in the step S2, and printing layer by layer;
S10: in the step S8, simultaneously operating an in-situ electrochemical polishing system to electropolish the part of the workpiece exposed to the solution;
s11: after laser printing and electrolytic polishing are finished, discharging the solution out of the hyperbaric chamber main body under a certain pressure environment;
S12: closing the air supply system, and regulating the pressure in the high-pressure cabin body released by the high-pressure cabin system;
s13: the hyperbaric chamber body was opened and the processed sample was taken out.
8. The processing method of the environment-adjustable laser additive manufacturing and in-situ electrochemical polishing composite processing device according to claim 7, wherein in the step S2, the spot diameter of the laser additive manufacturing in the laser additive manufacturing process parameter is 2-4 mm, the laser power is 1000-6000W, the scanning speed is 400-1800 mm/min, the powder feeding amount is 10-35 g/min, the overlap ratio between single-layer inner channels is 30% -60%, and the single-layer thickness is 0.4-1.5 mm.
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