CN109870125A - A kind of the hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism and method of hollow shaft - Google Patents
A kind of the hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism and method of hollow shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN109870125A CN109870125A CN201910204384.1A CN201910204384A CN109870125A CN 109870125 A CN109870125 A CN 109870125A CN 201910204384 A CN201910204384 A CN 201910204384A CN 109870125 A CN109870125 A CN 109870125A
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- outer circle
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Abstract
The invention belongs to coaxality measurement fields, and specifically disclose the hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism and method of a kind of hollow shaft, the device includes diffraction light-free reference generator, outer circle gauge head, inner hole gauge head and data acquisition process unit, and diffraction light-free reference generator is for generating diffraction light-free light beam；Outer circle gauge head includes outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder, multiple displacement sensors along outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder internal circumferential arrangement and the pose measurement unit that is disposed coaxially in outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder；Inner hole gauge head includes inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder, multiple displacement sensors along inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder exterior circumferential arrangement and the pose measurement unit that is disposed coaxially in inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder；Data acquisition process unit is used to receive the data of outer circle gauge head and displacement sensor and pose measurement unit in inner hole gauge head.The method carries out the coaxality measurement of hollow shaft hole axle using above-mentioned apparatus.The advantages that present invention has measurement accuracy high, and stability is good, easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to coaxality measurement fields, more particularly, to a kind of hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism of hollow shaft
And method.
Background technique
Hollow shaft is widely applied in every field, also solves many industry problems, meanwhile, the structure of hollow shaft
Also it has an immense impact on to the job stability of entire rotary axis, especially the coaxiality error of inner hole and outer circle, to guarantee
Its working performance improves its working efficiency and has great importance.Therefore, seem especially heavy for the coaxality measurement of hollow shaft
It wants.
For coaxality measurement, many researchs have been carried out both at home and abroad:
For example, the Tong Jin of Jilin University proposes a kind of new method for measuring heavy forging concentricity, this method is using face battle array
CCD can obtain the image of forging as measuring tool, area array CCD in real time, monitor the production of forging in real time convenient for operator
Journey, operator can choose position appropriate on the forging image of acquisition and measure, and experiment is soft using independent development
Part carries out image procossing, and measurement result reflection measurement composition error is within zone of reasonableness, and the single measurement time is within 10s.
This method has many advantages, such as small in size, high reliablity, measuring speed fastly and to working environment without particular/special requirement, but this method can not
The coaxality measurement of hole-axis is carried out, and for large-sized measurement object, operation difficulty is bigger.For another example, of Nantong University
The three coordinate measuring machine method (hereinafter referred to as CMM) of political affairs analysis has measuring accuracy high, and speed is fast, adaptable, digitlization control
System, can satisfy the measurement of multiple aperture concentricity.The maximum feature that CMM measures concentricity is without turning of work piece, without dedicated
Mandrel or special stand only can need to quickly export measurement knot with measuring probe to workpiece Sample point collection without mechanical line-up
Fruit.It is different due to the difference understood datum axis, or to element to be measured shaft centerline measurement method but when measuring concentricity with CMM,
Or to concentricity evaluation method is different and the reasons such as influence of CMM sampling site error, it sometimes appear that measuring result error compared with
Greatly, less reproducible phenomenon, i.e. measurement result cannot really reflect the true coaxiality error of part.For another example, Jilin University
Zhang Yingwei propose a kind of method of non-contact mode measuring concentricity, using two-dimensional laser displacement sensor open circles
Cylinder inner surface concentricity.It gives simultaneously and the method for two-dimensional laser displacement sensor is chosen according to internal surface of column diameter and is set
Skill is counted, and detailed analysis has been carried out to the factor for influencing measurement accuracy.It is coaxial that the measurement method is suitable for measured hole-hole
Degree.
Foreign countries, such as the U.S., Germany etc. successively have developed a variety of high-precision light for adapting to different diameter of axle coaxality measurements
Electrical measuring device, can geometric dimension to axis and Form and position error carry out non-contact survey.The laser alignment instrument of some foreign brand names,
Such as Sweden's (Easy-laserD series), German (OPTALIGN PLUS Series), the U.S. (FIXTURLASER) are relatively applicable in
In axis-axis concentricity of measurement slewing, and measured hole-hole concentricity or hole-axis concentricity are not suitable for it.Also some states
Family obtains axis-axis concentricity using the method for obtaining periphery of part size, if the two-frequency laser measuring system of South Korea is by 3
Laser and 2 orthogonal long guideways composition, the laser beam that laser is emitted invests part, then between two laser
Distance is surveyed part length (thickness or diameter)；The LaCam-Forge system of Germany, is to be mounted on laser measurement system
A certain fixed position acquires a large amount of piece surface data by the continuous scanning to big part, complete eventually by image procossing
At the dimensional measurement of forging.
Comprehensive domestic and international present Research is it is found that in the contact measurement method of concentricity, relatively low, measurement that there are measurement accuracy
The problem of step complexity needs to rotate measurand, to large scale and big quality in the non-contact measurement method of concentricity
There is also certain difficulty for the hole of hollow shaft-axis coaxality measurement.Therefore, researching and designing one kind is needed to can accurately measure large scale, big
The hole of quality hollow shaft-axis concentricity measuring device and corresponding method.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of surveys of the hole axle concentricity of hollow shaft
Device and method is measured, the specific knot to key component such as diffraction light-free reference generator, outer circle gauge head and inner hole gauge head is passed through
The research and design of structure and its mutual cooperation relationship are, it can be achieved that the accurate survey of large scale, hollow axis hole-axis concentricity of big quality
Amount has measurement accuracy high, and stability is good, easy to operate without mobile measurand in measurement process, is suitble to assembly line detection
The advantages that.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a kind of hole axle coaxality measurement of hollow shaft is proposed
Device comprising diffraction light-free reference generator, outer circle gauge head, inner hole gauge head and data acquisition process unit, in which:
It is public to measure as inner hole and outer circle that the diffraction light-free reference generator is used to generate diffraction light-free light beam
Linear datum, when measurement, the diffraction light-free light beam and measurand of diffraction light-free reference generator transmitting are coaxial；
The outer circle gauge head includes outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder annular in shape, along the outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder internal circumferential
Multiple displacement sensors of arrangement and the pose measurement unit that is disposed coaxially in outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder, when measurement, this is outer
Circle gauge head mounting cylinder is located at the outside of measurand, and institute's displacement sensors are for obtaining displacement data and being transmitted to data acquisition
In processing unit, the pose measurement unit is for obtaining outer circle gauge head relative to the pose of diffraction light-free light beam and being transmitted to number
According in acquisition process unit；
The inner hole gauge head includes inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder annular in shape, along the inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder exterior circumferential
Multiple displacement sensors of arrangement and the pose measurement unit that is disposed coaxially in inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder, when measurement, this is interior
Hole gauge head mounting cylinder is located in the inner hole of measurand, and displacement sensor is for obtaining displacement data and being transmitted at data acquisition
It manages in unit, pose measurement unit is for obtaining inner hole gauge head relative to the pose of diffraction light-free light beam and being transmitted to data acquisition
In processing unit；
The data acquisition process unit is used to receive outer circle gauge head and displacement sensor and pose survey in inner hole gauge head
The data of unit are measured, and calculate the hole axle concentricity for obtaining measurand based on the data received.
As it is further preferred that the displacement sensor in outer circle gauge head includes sensor contacts head and sensor base,
The sensor base is mounted on the circumference inside outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder, and the sensor contacts head is directed toward outer circle gauge head peace
The center of circle of fitted tube.
As it is further preferred that the displacement sensor in inner hole gauge head includes sensor contacts head and sensor base,
The sensor base is mounted on the circumference outside inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder, and the sensor contacts head is pacified away from inner hole gauge head
The center of circle of fitted tube.
As it is further preferred that between the outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder and inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder by bracket be connected,
The bracket is mounted on two-dimentional work bench.
As it is further preferred that pose measurement cellular construction phase in outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder and inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder
It together, include pose gauge head mounting cylinder, optical sensor and obliquity sensor, wherein there are two the optical sensor settings,
Two optical sensors are set to the inside of the pose gauge head mounting cylinder and coaxially arranged with pose gauge head mounting cylinder, and close to nothing
In the same plane, the inclination angle senses the photosurface and displacement sensor of the optical sensor of diffraction light light beam incidence side
Device is mounted on pose gauge head mounting cylinder, and its measuring surface is vertical with the axis of pose gauge head mounting cylinder.
It is another aspect of this invention to provide that providing a kind of hole axle method for measuring coaxiality of hollow shaft, use described
Measuring device carry out, include the following steps:
Inner hole gauge head is moved in the inner hole of measurand by S1, adjusts the position and side of diffraction light-free reference generator
To, when so that inner hole gauge head being moved along the diffraction light-free beam direction that diffraction light-free reference generator emits, the installation of inner hole gauge head
Displacement sensor in cylinder is all contacted with the inner wall of measurand, and registration is all in range ability, while guaranteeing diffraction light-free
Light beam can be imaged in pose measuring unit；
S2 keeps the position of diffraction light-free reference generator and measurand and posture constant, along diffraction light-free light beam
Inner hole gauge head is moved in direction, and the data based on the displacement sensor in inner hole gauge head calculate multiple measurand inner hole section profiles
Measurement point coordinate on circle acquires coordinate of each round heart of inner hole section profile in inner hole gauge head coordinate system, and in salt free ligands
The rectilinear axis of measurand inner hole is fitted in the light frame of reference；
S3 keeps the position of diffraction light-free reference generator and measurand and posture constant, by inner hole gauge head from tested pair
It is removed in the inner hole of elephant, moves the outside that outer circle gauge head makes outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder be located at measurand；
S4 moves outer circle gauge head along the direction of diffraction light-free light beam, the data based on the displacement sensor in outer circle gauge head
The measurement point coordinate on multiple measurand outer circle cross section profile circles is calculated, each round heart of outer circle cross section profile is acquired and is surveyed in outer circle
Coordinate in head coordinate system, and converted into the diffraction light-free frame of reference；
S5 is cut according to the multiple outer circles measured in the inner hole rectilinear axis and step S4 of the step S2 measurand fitted
Coordinate of the round heart of facial contour in the diffraction light-free frame of reference acquires the concentricity of measurand outer circle and inner hole, complete with this
At the measurement of hole axle concentricity.
As it is further preferred that the measurement point coordinate on measurand inner hole/outer circle cross section profile circle uses following public affairs
Formula calculates:
Wherein,It is upper j-th of the measurement point of i-th of inner hole/outer circle cross section profile circle in inner hole/outside
Coordinate in circle gauge head coordinate system, Di-jIt is surveyed for i-th of inner hole/upper j-th of measurement point of outer circle cross section profile circle to inner hole/outer circle
The distance of head axis, n are the number of displacement sensor.
As it is further preferred that the inner hole rectilinear axis of measurand is obtained using following steps in step S2:
Measurement data based on the pose measurement unit in inner hole gauge head calculates inner hole gauge head and sits in diffraction light-free benchmark
Position and posture in mark system；
According to position of the inner hole gauge head in the diffraction light-free frame of reference and posture and the round heart of inner hole section profile
Coordinate in inner hole gauge head coordinate system calculates coordinate of the round heart of inner hole section profile in the diffraction light-free frame of reference；
Go out inner hole straight line according to coordinate fitting of multiple round hearts of inner hole section profile in the diffraction light-free frame of reference
Axis.
As it is further preferred that seat of the China and foreign countries the step S4 round heart of circular section profile in the diffraction light-free frame of reference
Mark is obtained using following steps:
Measurement data based on the pose measurement unit in outer circle gauge head calculates outer circle gauge head and sits in diffraction light-free benchmark
Position and posture in mark system；
According to position of the outer circle gauge head in the diffraction light-free frame of reference and posture and the round heart of outer circle cross section profile
Coordinate in outer circle gauge head coordinate system calculates coordinate of the round heart of outer circle cross section profile in the diffraction light-free frame of reference.
As it is further preferred that position of the inner hole/outer circle gauge head in the diffraction light-free frame of reference and posture with bowing
Elevation angle β, pivot angle α and roll angleExpression, and calculated using following formula:
Wherein,It is passed for two optics in diffraction light-free light beam and inner hole/outer circle gauge head
Coordinate of the intersection point of the photosurface of sensor in inner hole/outer circle gauge head coordinate system,Equal to the reading of obliquity sensor.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, mainly have below
Technological merit:
1. the coaxality measuring mechanism of researching and designing of the present invention includes diffraction light-free reference generator, outer circle gauge head, inner hole
Gauge head and data acquisition process unit can accurately measure large scale, big using diffraction light-free reference generator as measuring basis
The hole of quality hollow shaft-axis concentricity has many advantages, such as that measurement is accurate, simple and compact for structure, easy to operate.
2. the present invention can effectively obtain inner hole/exit orifice cross section profile by setting displacement sensor and pose measurement unit
The round heart in inner hole/exit orifice gauge head coordinate system position coordinates (i.e. inner hole/round heart of exit orifice cross section profile relative to inner hole/
The two-dimensional migration amount of exit orifice gauge head axis) and inner hole/position of the exit orifice gauge head coordinate system in the diffraction light-free frame of reference
And posture, data basis is provided for the acquisition of subsequent hole-axis concentricity.
3. displacement sensor, optical sensor and the data of obliquity sensor synchronize pass to data acquisition process unit
In, data acquisition process unit carries out automatic quickly processing to data, and it is easy to operate, it is high-efficient, it is suitble to assembly line detection, has
Wide application prospect.
4. need to only emit along diffraction light-free reference generator in entire measurement process of the invention without mobile measurand
The direction of diffraction light-free light beam adjust the position of coaxality measuring mechanism, be suitble to the hollow shaft of large scale, big quality
The measurement of the concentricity of part.
5. inner hole and outer circle of the invention use cobasis locating tab assembly method, it is whole that inner hole and outer circle are measured resulting data
It is transformed into the coordinate system where diffraction light-free benchmark, the spatial relation of the two is unified into the same coordinate system, from
And the coaxiality error of inner hole and outer circle is accurately calculated, measurement accuracy is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the top view of hole measuring scheme of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the side view of hole measuring scheme of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the top view of outer circle measurement scheme of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the side view of outer circle measurement scheme of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that coordinate system of the present invention defines:
Fig. 6 is the three-dimensional figure of displacement sensor of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram for being fitted inner hole rectilinear axis；
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram of the inner hole center of circle of the present invention survey calculation；
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of the outer circle center of circle of the present invention survey calculation；
Figure 10 is concentricity appraisal procedure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Wherein, in figure: 1-diffraction light-free reference generator, 2-measurands, 3-displacement sensors, 4-outer circle gauge heads
Mounting cylinder, 5-optical sensors, 6-pose gauge head mounting cylinders, 7-obliquity sensors, 8-inner hole gauge head mounting cylinders, 9-two
Tie up workbench, 10-diffraction light-free light beams, 11-brackets, 12-sensor contacts heads, 13-sensor bases, 14-outer circles section
Facial contour circle, the 15-round hearts of outer circle cross section profile, 16-outer circle gauge head axis, 17-inner hole section profiles circle, 18-inner holes
The round heart of cross section profile, 19-inner hole gauge head axis, the rectilinear axis of 20-inner holes.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism of hollow shaft provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprising nothing is spread out
Penetrate light reference generator 1, outer circle gauge head, inner hole gauge head and data acquisition process unit, wherein diffraction light-free reference generator 1
For generating diffraction light-free light beam 10, using the common linear benchmark as inner hole and outer circle measurement, when measurement, the diffraction light-free base
The diffraction light-free light beam 10 and measurand 2 that quasi- generator 1 emits are coaxial；Outer circle gauge head is for measuring the outer circular section of measurand
The round heart of profile relative to the position of outer circle gauge head axis and outer circle gauge head itself relative to diffraction light-free light beam position and
Posture, for subsequent use；Inner hole gauge head is used to measure the round heart of inner hole section profile of measurand relative to inner hole side gudgeon
The position and posture of the position of line and inner hole gauge head itself relative to diffraction light-free light beam, for subsequent use；At data acquisition
Reason unit is used to receive the data of all displacement sensors and pose measurement unit in outer circle gauge head and inner hole gauge head, and is based on
The data received calculate the hole axle concentricity for obtaining measurand.
As shown in Figs 1-4, outer circle gauge head includes outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4 annular in shape, along outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4
The multiple displacement sensors 3 being arranged circumferentially in portion, and the pose measurement list being disposed coaxially in outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4
Member, when measurement, measurand 2 is placed in outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4, and displacement sensor 3 is for obtaining displacement data and transmitting
Into data acquisition process unit, pose measurement unit is for obtaining position and appearance of the outer circle gauge head relative to diffraction light-free light beam
State is simultaneously transmitted in data acquisition process unit.
As shown in Figs 1-4, inner hole gauge head includes inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8 annular in shape, outside inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8
The multiple displacement sensors being arranged circumferentially in portion, and the pose measurement list being disposed coaxially in inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8
Member, when measurement, inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8 is located in the inner hole of measurand 2, and displacement sensor is for obtaining displacement data and passing
Transport in data acquisition process unit, pose measurement unit be used for obtain inner hole gauge head relative to diffraction light-free light beam position and
Posture is simultaneously transmitted in data acquisition process unit.
Specifically, outer circle gauge head is identical with 3 structure of displacement sensor in inner hole gauge head, as shown in fig. 6, including passing
Sensor contact head 12 and sensor base 13, wherein in outer circle gauge head, sensor base 13 is mounted on outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder
On internal circumference, sensor contacts head 12 is directed toward the center of circle of outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder；In inner hole gauge head, sensor base peace
On the circumference outside inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder, sensor contacts head deviates from the center of circle of inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder.Specifically, every
The quantity for the displacement sensor being arranged in a measuring unit is at three or more, such as 6.
Further, the pose measurement cellular construction in outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4 and inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8 is also identical,
It as shown in figures 1 and 3, include pose gauge head mounting cylinder 6, optical sensor 5 and obliquity sensor 7, wherein in outer circle gauge head
In, pose gauge head mounting cylinder 6 and outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4 are coaxially arranged, and there are two the settings of optical sensor 5, and two optics pass
Sensor 5 is divided into the both ends inside pose gauge head mounting cylinder 6, and coaxially arranged with pose gauge head mounting cylinder 6, and close to salt free ligands
The photosurface of the optical sensor 5 of 1 side of light reference generator is with the displacement sensor 3 in outer circle gauge head in approximately the same plane
Interior, obliquity sensor 7 is installed on 6 one end far from diffraction light-free reference generator 1 of pose gauge head mounting cylinder, and obliquity sensor
Measuring surface it is vertical with the axis of pose gauge head mounting cylinder 6.In inner hole gauge head, pose gauge head mounting cylinder 6 and inner hole gauge head are pacified
Fitted tube 8 is coaxially arranged, and there are two the settings of optical sensor 5, and two optical sensors 5 are divided into inside pose gauge head mounting cylinder 6
Both ends, it is and coaxially arranged with pose gauge head mounting cylinder 6, and the optical sensor 5 close to 1 side of diffraction light-free reference generator
Photosurface and inner hole gauge head in displacement sensor 3 in the same plane, obliquity sensor 7 be installed on pose gauge head installation
6 one end far from diffraction light-free reference generator 1 of cylinder, and the axis of obliquity sensor measuring surface and pose gauge head mounting cylinder 6 hangs down
Directly.
Further, there is registration when the sensor contacts head 12 of displacement sensor 3 is compressed, in cross section profile circle
It takes a little, obtains displacement data, displacement data can be passed in data acquisition process unit；Optical sensor 5 has photosurface, can obtain
Positional value of the diffraction light-free light beam 10 in its photosurface is taken, data are passed in data acquisition process unit；Obliquity sensor 7 can
Show the angle of its measuring surface and horizontal plane, data can be passed in data acquisition process unit.
In order to guarantee the compactedness of measuring device and the convenience of measurement, outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4 and inner hole gauge head peace
It is connected between fitted tube 8 by bracket 11, which is mounted on two-dimentional work bench 9, and bracket 11 is located at outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4
With the centre of inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8, guarantee that the position of each component of entire measuring device is relatively fixed in measurement process, two dimension
Workbench 9 is common workbench, and positioned at the lower section of outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4 and inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8, which can
Translation is realized in both direction in working face, and measuring device is supported and is moved during the work time.
The measuring principle of concentricity device of the invention is illustrated below, first with diffraction light-free reference generator
1 transmitting Beams 10, construct public diffraction light-free space line benchmark；Based on public diffraction light-free space line base
Standard measures multiple inner hole section profile circles, finds out each round heart of inner hole section profile relative to public diffraction light-free benchmark
The two-dimensional migration amount of (Beams 10) fits an inner hole rectilinear axis 20 using algorithm, using the axis as coaxial
Spend the benchmark of evaluation；Again based on public diffraction light-free space line benchmark, multiple outer circle cross section profile circles are measured, are sought each
Two-dimensional migration amount of the round heart of outer circle cross section profile relative to diffraction light-free space line benchmark (Beams 10), Jin Erqiu
Its two-dimensional migration amount relative to the inner hole rectilinear axis 20 of fitting, finally calculate outer circle and inner hole concentricity.
The measurement of hole axle concentricity is carried out using concentricity device of the invention, the basic principle of measurement is surveyed in inner hole
Measuring basis is determined when amount, that is, determines that hole measuring is completed in the position of diffraction light-free reference generator 1 and measurand 2, then
Keep the benchmark constant, i.e., holding diffraction light-free reference generator 1 and 2 position and direction of measurand are constant, then only move
Inner hole gauge head and outer circle gauge head are removed inner hole gauge head from the inner hole of measurand, outer circle gauge head is moved to tested pair
The outside of elephant, realizes the outer circle measurement of measurand, obtains inner hole and outer circle data in same benchmark with this, and then in realization
The coaxality measurement of hole outer circle, specifically comprises the following steps:
Measurand 2 is sleeved on outside inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8 by S1, adjusts the position of diffraction light-free reference generator 1
And direction, so that (i.e. whole when inner hole gauge head is moved along 10 direction of diffraction light-free light beam that diffraction light-free reference generator 1 emits
In a measurement process), the displacement sensor 3 in inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8 can be contacted with the inner wall of measurand 2, and be displaced
The registration of sensor 3 guarantees that pose of the diffraction light-free light beam 10 in inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder 8 is surveyed all in range ability
It can be imaged in amount unit (i.e. two optical sensors 5)；
S2 keeps the position of diffraction light-free reference generator 1 and measurand 2 and posture constant, along diffraction light-free light beam 10
The mobile inner hole gauge head in direction, utilize the inner hole section profile of the displacement sensor multiple groups measurand 2 in inner hole gauge head
Circle 17, acquires the coordinate in the center of circle 18 of inner hole section profile circle, and measurand 2 is fitted in the diffraction light-free frame of reference
The rectilinear axis 20 of inner hole；
S3 keeps the position of diffraction light-free reference generator 1 and measurand 2 and posture constant, by inner hole gauge head from tested
It is removed in the inner hole of object 2, moves the outside that outer circle gauge head makes outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder 4 be located at measurand 2；
S4 keeps the position of diffraction light-free reference generator 1 and measurand 2 and posture constant, along diffraction light-free light beam 10
Outer circle gauge head is moved in direction, utilizes the outer circle cross section profile circle of the displacement sensor multiple groups measurand 2 in outer circle gauge head
14, the coordinate in the corresponding center of circle 15 of each outer circle cross section profile circle is acquired, and by coordinate transformation into the diffraction light-free frame of reference；
S5 is cut according to the multiple outer circles measured in the inner hole rectilinear axis and step S4 of the step S2 measurand fitted
Coordinate of the round heart of facial contour in the diffraction light-free frame of reference acquires the concentricity of measurand outer circle and inner hole, complete with this
At the hole axle coaxality measurement of measurand.
Specifically, step S2 can be analyzed to following steps:
S21 operates two-dimentional work bench 9, is in inner hole gauge head near 2 end face of measurand on a certain section, utilizes inner hole
Displacement sensor 3 in gauge head takes multiple points on inner hole cross section profile circle 17, and data are passed to data acquisition process unit,
Coordinate of each measurement point in inner hole gauge head coordinate system is calculated, and then calculates the round heart 18 of inner hole section profile in inner hole gauge head
Position coordinates (i.e. two-dimensional migration amount of the round heart 18 of inner hole section profile relative to inner hole gauge head axis 19) in coordinate system；
S22 reads the data of 2 optical sensors 5 and obliquity sensor 7 in pose measurement unit, and data are passed to
Data acquisition process unit calculates position and posture of the inner hole gauge head coordinate system in the diffraction light-free frame of reference (in i.e.
Position and posture of the hole gauge head itself relative to diffraction light-free light beam)；
Coordinate value calculated in S21 and S22 and pose are further processed S23, to calculate measured bore
Spatial position of the round heart 18 of cross section profile relative to diffraction light-free benchmark (diffraction light-free light beam 10)；
S24 operates two-dimentional work bench 9, and inner hole gauge head is moved along the direction of diffraction light-free light beam 10, repeats to walk
Rapid S21~S23, measure the round heart 18 of multiple inner hole section profiles relative to diffraction light-free benchmark (diffraction light-free light beam 10,
I.e. in the diffraction light-free frame of reference) spatial position；
S25 utilizes sky according to spatial position of the round heart 18 of multiple inner hole section profiles in the diffraction light-free frame of reference
Between line fitting method fit inner hole rectilinear axis 20.
Referring to Fig. 8, the measuring principle of position coordinates of each measurement point in inner hole gauge head coordinate system specifically:
Assuming that in i-th of inner hole section share m actual spot of measurement, the corresponding displacement sensor 3 of j-th of measurement point it is straight
Connecing reading is Si-j, the calibration value of displacement sensor 3 is Δ Sj, radius of circle (i.e. inner hole gauge head where 13 mounting surface of sensor base
The outer diameter of mounting cylinder) it is R0, when displacement sensor is long in original, sensor base 13 is R at a distance from sensor contacts head 121
(i.e. measurement start front sensor pedestal at a distance from sensor contacts head), then the distance D of the axis of measurement point to inner hole gauge headi -jAre as follows:
Di-j=R0+R1+ΔSj-Si-j
Wherein, the calibration value Δ S of displacement sensor 3jIt is as follows to seek mode: will be identical with inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder outer diameter
Standard round ring set is in the outside of multiple displacement sensor mounting surfaces (it is the cross section of cylinder, i.e. disk), each biography at this time
The reading of sensor is calibration value Δ Sj。
Then coordinate of the measurement point in inner hole gauge head coordinate system are as follows:
The round heart 18 of inner hole section profile can be calculated by coordinate of each measurement point in inner hole gauge head coordinate system to exist
Position coordinates in inner hole gauge head coordinate system, are the prior art, this will not be repeated here.
Specifically, step S4 can be analyzed to following steps:
S41 operation two-dimentional work bench 9 moves on to outer circle gauge head tested by inner hole gauge head from the removed from inside of measurand 2
The outside of object 2 is in outer circle gauge head near 2 end face of measurand on a certain section, is passed using the displacement in outer circle gauge head
Sensor 3 takes multiple points on outer circular section profile circle 14, and data are passed to data acquisition process unit, calculates outer circular section
Position coordinates of the round heart 15 of profile in outer circle gauge head coordinate system；
S42 reads the data of 2 optical sensors 5 and obliquity sensor 7 in outer circle pose measurement unit simultaneously, and will
Data pass to data acquisition process unit, calculate position and posture of the outer circle gauge head in the diffraction light-free frame of reference；
Coordinate value calculated in S41 and S42 and pose are further processed S43, to calculate tested outer circle
Spatial position coordinate of the round heart 15 of cross section profile relative to diffraction light-free benchmark (diffraction light-free light beam 10)；
S44 operation two-dimentional work bench 9 moves outer circle gauge head along the direction of diffraction light-free light beam 10, repeats S41
The step of~S43, measures spatial position coordinate of the round heart 15 of multiple outer circle cross section profiles relative to diffraction light-free benchmark.
Referring to Fig. 9, according to the data of multiple displacement sensors can find out the round heart 15 of each outer circle cross section profile relative to
Two-dimensional migration amount (i.e. position of the measurement round heart 15 of outer circle cross section profile in outer circle gauge head coordinate system of outer circle gauge head axis 16
Coordinate), measuring principle is as follows:
Assuming that in i-th of outer circular section share m actual spot of measurement, the corresponding displacement sensor of j-th of measurement point it is straight
Connecing reading is Si-j, displacement sensor calibration value is Δ Sj, radius of circle where 13 mounting surface of sensor base (i.e. pacify by outer circle gauge head
The internal diameter of fitted tube) it is R0, when displacement sensor 3 is long in original, sensor base 13 is R at a distance from sensor contacts head 121
(i.e. measurement start front sensor pedestal at a distance from sensor contacts head), then the distance D of the axis of measurement point to outer circle gauge headi -jAre as follows:
Di-j=R0-R1-ΔSj+Si-j
Wherein, the calibration value Δ S of displacement sensor 3jIt is as follows to seek mode: will be identical with outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder internal diameter
Standard round ring taps is into the inside of multiple displacement sensor mounting surfaces (it is the cross section of cylinder, i.e. disk), each biography at this time
The reading of sensor is calibration value Δ Sj。
Then coordinate of the measurement point in outer circle gauge head coordinate system are as follows:
Then the round heart of outer circle cross section profile can be calculated according to coordinate of each measurement point in outer circle gauge head coordinate system to exist
Position coordinates in outer circle gauge head coordinate system, are the prior art, this will not be repeated here.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that coordinate system of the present invention defines；Wherein β, α,Respectively indicate inner hole gauge head or outer circle gauge head phase
For the pitch angle, pivot angle and roll angle of diffraction light-free light beam 10, the present embodiment defines two cartesian coordinate systems, diffraction light-free
The frame of reference and gauge head coordinate system, wherein the diffraction light-free frame of reference be with diffraction light-free light beam 10 be Z axis establish seat
Mark system, and indicated with subscript g；The coordinate system that gauge head coordinate system is established using gauge head geometrical axis as Z axis, and indicated with subscript c；Its
In, OcZc axis indicates diffraction light-free light beam 10, O1Point indicates in gauge head geometrical axis and Fig. 1 close to diffraction light reference generator 1
5 photosurface of optical sensor intersection point, O2Indicate separate diffraction light-free reference generator 1 in gauge head geometrical axis and Fig. 1
The intersection point of 5 photosurface of optical sensor, A1, A2 point indicate the friendship of 5 photosurface of diffraction light-free light beam 10 and 2 optical sensor
Point.
Inner hole gauge head can be calculated relative to nothing according to the data of 2 optical sensors and obliquity sensor referring to Fig. 5
Pitch angle β, pivot angle α and the roll angle of diffraction light light beam 10(namely inner hole gauge head itself is obtained relative to diffraction light-free light beam 10
Position and posture), specific Computing Principle is as follows:
Assuming that the intersection point of the photosurface of 2 optical sensors in front and back in diffraction light-free light beam 10 and inner hole gauge head is in inner hole
Coordinate (being measured by optical sensor 5) in gauge head coordinate system is For pivot angle α and pitching
Angle beta can be calculated by following formula:
As α and β very small, the roll angle of measuring unitIt can be approximately equal to the reading of inclinator, pitch angle β, pivot angle α
And roll angleNumerical value for reflecting position and posture of the inner hole gauge head itself relative to diffraction light-free light beam 10.
Further, pitch angle β, pivot angle α and roll angle of the outer circle gauge head itself relative to diffraction light-free light beam 10It calculates former
It manages identical as the calculation method of inner hole.
And by being handled coordinate value and pose with calculate measured bore/round heart of outer circle cross section profile relative to
The spatial position coordinate of diffraction light-free benchmark (diffraction light-free light beam 10) specifically:
Assuming that inner hole/coordinate of the outer circle gauge head coordinate origin in the diffraction light-free frame of reference is (U, V, W), acquire
Certain coordinate of the measurement round heart of cross section profile in inner hole/outer circle gauge head coordinate system is Ps(xs-c, ys-c, zs-c), inner hole/outer circle
The pitch angle of gauge head in the position is β, pivot angle α, roll angle areThe coordinate being transformed into the diffraction light-free frame of reference is Ps
(xs-g, ys-g, zs-g), transforming relationship is as follows:
Referring to Fig. 7, the data of the internal bore profile successively measured circle are subjected to processing and are transformed into the diffraction light-free frame of reference
In after, using space line be fitted method, fit inner hole rectilinear axis 20.
Preferably, being fitted using least square method, concrete principle is as follows:
Least square method fitting a straight line fits an ideal line according to sampled point, so that each point on error curve
Quadratic sum to the distance of the ideal line is minimum, i.e. least squares, is the prior art, this will not be repeated here.
According to the definition of coaxiality error, coaxiality error is that regulation is associated with tested actual feature to determining position
The permitted variation full dose of benchmark, therefore, the tolerance form of control coaxiality error mobility scale only have one kind, i.e. diameter is public affairs
Region defined by difference and the cylindrical surface coaxial with datum axis.Referring to Figure 10, in the diffraction light-free frame of reference, will intend
The inner hole rectilinear axis 20 closed out is indicated with dotted line in Figure 10, will be calculated as the benchmark in coaxiality error evaluation
The round heart 15 of a series of outer circle cross section profile as tested actual feature, indicated in Figure 10 with pecked line, seek owning
The round heart 15 of outer circle cross section profile at a distance from the inner hole rectilinear axis 20, using maximum distance value as radius inner hole linear axis
Line 20 is that axis does cylinder, and as shown in cylinder in Figure 10, the diameter of section on the cylindrical surface is that coaxiality error is (namely coaxial
Degree), and the distance of inner hole rectilinear axis 20 is arrived for how to seek the round heart 15 of outer circle cross section profile, apply existing three-dimensional space
Between point arrive air line distance formula, be the prior art, this will not be repeated here.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that, term " inside ", " outside ", " inside ", " coaxial ", " lower section ",
The orientation or positional relationship of instructions such as " centres " is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for convenience of description originally
Invention and simplified description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have a particular orientation, with specific side
Position construction and operation, therefore be not considered as limiting the invention.
In the embodiment of the present invention, using multiple circumferentially distributed displacement sensors, just to facilitate narration, 3 and
Above number is adapted to the present invention, therefore is not considered as limiting the invention.
For the ordinary skill in the art, it can understand above-mentioned term in this present invention as the case may be
Concrete meaning.What is do not addressed in detail in the technical program is well-known technique.
It should be pointed out that specific embodiment described above can make those skilled in the art that this hair be more fully understood
It is bright, but do not limit the invention in any way.Therefore, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that still can be carried out to the present invention
Modification or equivalent replacement；And all do not depart from the technical solution and its improvement of spirit and technical spirit of the invention, it should all
Cover in the scope of protection of the patent of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism of hollow shaft, which is characterized in that including diffraction light-free reference generator (1), outside
Circle gauge head, inner hole gauge head and data acquisition process unit, in which:
The diffraction light-free reference generator (1) is for generating diffraction light-free light beam (10), using what is measured as inner hole and outer circle
Common linear benchmark, when measurement, the diffraction light-free light beam (10) and measurand of the diffraction light-free reference generator (1) transmitting
(2) coaxial；
The outer circle gauge head includes outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder (4) annular in shape, along the outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder (4) internal week
Multiple displacement sensors (3) to arrangement and the pose measurement unit that is disposed coaxially in outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder (4), measurement
When, which is located at the outside of measurand (2), and institute's displacement sensors (3) are for obtaining displacement data
And be transmitted in data acquisition process unit, the pose measurement unit is for obtaining outer circle gauge head relative to diffraction light-free light beam
Pose and be transmitted in data acquisition process unit；
The inner hole gauge head includes inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder (8) annular in shape, along the inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder (8) external week
Multiple displacement sensors to arrangement and the pose measurement unit that is disposed coaxially in inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder (8), when measurement,
The inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder (8) is located in the inner hole of measurand (2), and displacement sensor is for obtaining displacement data and being transmitted to
In data acquisition process unit, pose measurement unit is for obtaining pose and transmission of the inner hole gauge head relative to diffraction light-free light beam
Into data acquisition process unit；
The data acquisition process unit is for receiving outer circle gauge head and displacement sensor and pose measurement list in inner hole gauge head
The data of member, and the hole axle concentricity for obtaining measurand is calculated based on the data received.
2. the hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism of hollow shaft as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the displacement in outer circle gauge head
Sensor (3) includes sensor contacts head (12) and sensor base (13), and the sensor base (13) is mounted on outer circle survey
On circumference inside head mounting cylinder, the sensor contacts head (12) is directed toward the center of circle of outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder.
3. the hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism of hollow shaft as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the displacement in inner hole gauge head
Sensor includes sensor contacts head and sensor base, and the sensor base is mounted on the circle outside inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder
Zhou Shang, the sensor contacts head deviate from the center of circle of inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder.
4. the hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism of hollow shaft as described in any one of claims 1-3, which is characterized in that the outer circle
It is connected between gauge head mounting cylinder (4) and inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder (8) by bracket (11), which is mounted on two-dimensional working
On platform (9).
5. the hole axle coaxality measuring mechanism of hollow shaft according to any one of claims 1-4, which is characterized in that outer circle gauge head
Mounting cylinder (4) is identical with the pose measurement cellular construction in inner hole gauge head mounting cylinder (8), include pose gauge head mounting cylinder (6),
Optical sensor (5) and obliquity sensor (7), wherein there are two optical sensor (5) settings, two optical sensors
(5) set on the inside of the pose gauge head mounting cylinder (6) and coaxially arranged with pose gauge head mounting cylinder (6), and close to salt free ligands
The photosurface of the optical sensor (5) of light light beam (10) incidence side and displacement sensor (3) are in the same plane, described to incline
Angle transducer (7) is mounted on pose gauge head mounting cylinder, and its measuring surface is vertical with the axis of pose gauge head mounting cylinder (6).
6. a kind of hole axle method for measuring coaxiality of hollow shaft, uses measuring device as described in any one in claim 1-5
It carries out, which comprises the steps of:
Inner hole gauge head is moved in the inner hole of measurand (2) by S1, adjusts the position and side of diffraction light-free reference generator (1)
To when so that inner hole gauge head is mobile along diffraction light-free light beam (10) direction that diffraction light-free reference generator (1) emits, inner hole is surveyed
Displacement sensor (3) in head mounting cylinder (8) is all contacted with the inner wall of measurand (2), and registration is all in range ability, together
When guarantee diffraction light-free light beam (10) can be imaged in pose measuring unit；
S2 keeps the position of diffraction light-free reference generator (1) and measurand (2) and posture constant, along diffraction light-free light beam
(10) the mobile inner hole gauge head in direction, the data based on the displacement sensor in inner hole gauge head calculate multiple measurand inner holes and cut
Measurement point coordinate on facial contour circle, acquires coordinate of each round heart of inner hole section profile in inner hole gauge head coordinate system, and
The rectilinear axis (20) of measurand (2) inner hole is fitted in the diffraction light-free frame of reference；
S3 keeps the position of diffraction light-free reference generator (1) and measurand (2) and posture constant, by inner hole gauge head from being tested
It is removed in the inner hole of object (2), moves the outside that outer circle gauge head makes outer circle gauge head mounting cylinder (4) be located at measurand (2)；
Direction mobile outer circle gauge head of the S4 along diffraction light-free light beam (10), the data based on the displacement sensor in outer circle gauge head
The measurement point coordinate on multiple measurand outer circle cross section profile circles is calculated, each round heart of outer circle cross section profile is acquired and is surveyed in outer circle
Coordinate in head coordinate system, and converted into the diffraction light-free frame of reference；
S5 takes turns according to the multiple outer circular sections measured in the inner hole rectilinear axis and step S4 of the step S2 measurand fitted
Coordinate of the wide round heart in the diffraction light-free frame of reference acquires the concentricity of measurand (2) outer circle and inner hole, complete with this
At the measurement of hole axle concentricity.
7. hole axle method for measuring coaxiality as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that measurand inner hole/outer circular section wheel
Measurement point coordinate on exterior feature circle is calculated using following formula:
Wherein,It is surveyed for i-th of inner hole/upper j-th of measurement point of outer circle cross section profile circle in inner hole/outer circle
Coordinate in head coordinate system, Di-jFor i-th of inner hole/upper j-th of measurement point of outer circle cross section profile circle to inner hole/outer circle side gudgeon
The distance of line, n are the number of displacement sensor.
8. hole axle method for measuring coaxiality as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the inner hole of measurand is straight in step S2
Bobbin thread is obtained using following steps:
Measurement data based on the pose measurement unit in inner hole gauge head calculates inner hole gauge head in the diffraction light-free frame of reference
In position and posture；
According to inner hole gauge head in the diffraction light-free frame of reference position and posture and the round heart of inner hole section profile including
Coordinate in the gauge head coordinate system of hole calculates coordinate of the round heart of inner hole section profile in the diffraction light-free frame of reference；
Go out inner hole rectilinear axis according to coordinate fitting of multiple round hearts of inner hole section profile in the diffraction light-free frame of reference.
9. hole axle method for measuring coaxiality as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the China and foreign countries step S4 circular section profile is round
Coordinate of the heart in the diffraction light-free frame of reference is obtained using following steps:
Measurement data based on the pose measurement unit in outer circle gauge head calculates outer circle gauge head in the diffraction light-free frame of reference
In position and posture；
Outside according to position of the outer circle gauge head in the diffraction light-free frame of reference and posture and the round heart of outer circle cross section profile
Coordinate in circle gauge head coordinate system calculates coordinate of the round heart of outer circle cross section profile in the diffraction light-free frame of reference.
10. hole axle method for measuring coaxiality as claimed in claim 8 or 9, which is characterized in that inner hole/outer circle gauge head spreads out in nothing
Penetrate the position in the light frame of reference and posture pitch angle β, pivot angle α and roll angleExpression, and calculated using following formula:
Wherein,For two optical sensors in diffraction light-free light beam and inner hole/outer circle gauge head
Photosurface coordinate of the intersection point in inner hole/outer circle gauge head coordinate system,Equal to the reading of obliquity sensor.
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| CN113043010A (en) * | 2021-04-01 | 2021-06-29 | 中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所 | Automatic assembling device and method for shaft hole with large length-diameter ratio |
| CN113203366A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-03 | 华中科技大学 | Deep hole cylindricity detection device and method adaptive to variable aperture |
| CN113804128A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-17 | 西安交通大学 | Double-bearing-hole coaxiality error visual measurement device and measurement method |
| CN114001941A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 华中科技大学 | Ship propulsion shafting exciting force centering loading and detecting device |
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| CN113203366B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-02-15 | 华中科技大学 | Deep hole cylindricity detection device and method adaptive to variable aperture |
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| CN114001941A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-02-01 | 华中科技大学 | Ship propulsion shafting exciting force centering loading and detecting device |
| CN114377994A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-04-22 | 江苏大学 | Coaxial relation rapid detection tool based on photosensitive material and detection method thereof |
| CN114199147A (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2022-03-18 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Measuring device and method for measuring bore inner diameter and coaxiality of gun barrel |
| CN114199147B (en) * | 2021-12-10 | 2023-05-30 | 中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所 | Measuring device, gun barrel bore inner diameter and coaxiality measuring method |
| CN114562962A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-31 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | Equipment coaxiality measuring method based on laser tracker |
| CN114700805A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-05 | 华中科技大学 | Measuring head bulb and handle of a knife axiality aligning device based on contact gauge head |
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