CN113203366B - Deep hole cylindricity detection device and method adaptive to variable aperture - Google Patents
Deep hole cylindricity detection device and method adaptive to variable aperture Download PDFInfo
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- CN113203366B CN113203366B CN202110412570.1A CN202110412570A CN113203366B CN 113203366 B CN113203366 B CN 113203366B CN 202110412570 A CN202110412570 A CN 202110412570A CN 113203366 B CN113203366 B CN 113203366B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to geometric precision measurement of industrial products, and discloses a device and a method for detecting the cylindricity of a deep hole adaptive to variable aperture, wherein the detection device comprises a diffraction-free light generator, a pose measuring device, a self-centering device and a diameter measuring device which are coaxially arranged, and the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device are respectively connected to two opposite sides of the self-centering device; the self-centering device comprises a self-centering mechanism, the self-centering mechanism comprises a parallel crank ring and three parallel movable assemblies, one ends of the three movable assemblies are respectively and rotatably connected to the parallel crank ring, and the movable assemblies adjust the distance between the movable assemblies and the central shaft of the parallel crank ring through elastic deformation so as to adapt to-be-measured hole pieces with different apertures; the parallel crank ring is used for transmitting the movement of any one of the three movable assemblies to the other two movable assemblies, so that the three movable assemblies move synchronously. The invention improves the measurement precision and the detection speed, has better stability and simple and convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to the precision measurement of the geometric quantity of industrial products, and particularly relates to deep hole cylindricity detection equipment and method adaptive to variable aperture.
Background
Deep hole parts with larger major diameters, such as hydraulic oil cylinders, artillery barrels, engines and the like, are mostly measured by manual dial gauge type measurement, a three-coordinate machine or a cylindricity meter in the industry at present due to special hole shapes and limited space. The manual measurement efficiency is low, the alignment and the centering are required to be continuously performed, and errors caused by human factors are large. Although the three-coordinate measuring machine and the cylindricity instrument have high precision, the length of the three-coordinate measuring machine and the cylindricity instrument reaches 5-15m, and measurement cannot be carried out due to range limitation.
In summary, in the industry, a proper cylindricity detection method is lacked for deep-hole parts with medium and small apertures and long lengths, and the following representative researches are carried out:
for example: in the document "large-aperture pipeline 4-degree-of-freedom internal inspection robot system [ J ]. proceedings of mechanical engineering, 2009,267: 273)", an inspection system incorporating a traveling mechanism, a turning mechanism, a laser adjustment mechanism, and the like is constructed using a plurality of motors. The system realizes radial distance detection by calculating the laser travel time, can be applied to large-aperture detection operation with the diameter of 500-1000 mm, and has high detection precision of section roundness.
However, the device cannot be miniaturized due to the limitation of the rotating mechanism, so that the device is suitable for parts with common apertures such as artillery and the like with the sizes ranging from dozens to hundreds of apertures, and needs to be strictly centered and adjusted when each cross section is detected, thereby reducing the detection efficiency. In addition, due to the absence of a pose detection system, a plurality of cross sections cannot be associated with one another, so that the axis and cylindricity information of the hole piece can be directly constructed;
in the literature, "research on three-dimensional comprehensive measurement technology for inner surfaces of deep-hole parts [ D ]. university of china science and technology, 2018", a CCD camera is combined with an annular laser generator, a ball screw and a quartz tube, the CCD continuously shoots images of the cross section of an inner hole while the ball screw feeds, and then each geometric quantity information of the cross section is calculated by combining with an image processing technology. Aiming at small aperture below 100mm, the radial theoretical precision is better.
However, the camera shoots an image of the whole aperture, so that the system has low resolution, namely low precision under the condition of determining the size of a phase plane, cannot be applied to a deep hole with the length of meter level at present, cannot acquire the self pose of a detection device in the deep hole, and can cause large error and poor repeatability of a comprehensive detection result of cylindricity.
In summary, inner hole parts, especially deep hole parts with a diameter of about 150mm and a length of 5-15m, lack a device and a method for measuring cylindricity with high measuring accuracy and efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks and needs of the prior art, the present invention provides an apparatus and method for detecting the cylindricity of a deep hole with a variable aperture, the device can adapt to the change of the hole shape by coaxially installing the non-diffraction light generator, the pose measuring device, the self-centering device and the diameter measuring device in sequence, continuously acquiring the section information and the self pose information of the inner hole, uniformly processing all the information acquisition by a data unit, calculating the axis of the inner hole according to the pose information after acquiring the information, then unifying the corresponding sectional image information to the axis of the inner hole through coordinate transformation, simultaneously carrying out error compensation by utilizing pose information, and then calculate the cylindricity of whole hole spare through the whole hole information of unified coordinate, measurement accuracy is high, and stability is good, and is easy and simple to handle, is fit for short-term test, has wide application prospect.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a deep hole cylindricity detecting apparatus adapted to a variable aperture, the detecting apparatus includes a non-diffractive light generator, a pose measuring device, a self-centering device and a diameter measuring device, which are coaxially disposed, and the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device are respectively connected to two opposite sides of the self-centering device;
the self-centering device comprises a self-centering mechanism, the self-centering mechanism comprises a parallel crank ring and three parallel movable assemblies, one ends of the three movable assemblies are respectively and rotatably connected to the parallel crank ring, and the movable assemblies adjust the distance between the movable assemblies and the central shaft of the parallel crank ring through elastic deformation so as to adapt to-be-measured hole pieces with different apertures; the parallel crank ring is used for transmitting the movement of any one of the three movable assemblies to the other two movable assemblies, so that the three movable assemblies move synchronously.
The detection equipment further comprises a data processing unit, wherein the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device are respectively used for detecting pose information and diameter information and transmitting the detected pose information and diameter information to the data processing unit; the data processing unit calculates to obtain an inner hole axis according to the received pose information, then unifies the corresponding sectional image information on the inner hole axis through coordinate transformation, meanwhile, error compensation is carried out by using the pose information, and further the cylindricity of the whole hole piece is calculated through all the inner hole information of the same coordinate.
Furthermore, the movable assembly comprises two limiting frames, a sliding block, two roller frames and rollers, the two limiting frames are arranged at intervals, and the limiting frames are provided with sliding chutes; the two roller carriers are arranged at intervals and are respectively positioned on two opposite sides of the two limiting carriers, one end of a connecting bolt sequentially penetrates through one roller carrier, the sliding groove and the other roller carrier, and the sliding block is positioned between the connecting bolt and the roller; one ends of the two roller carriers are connected with two opposite sides of the sliding block through two pins respectively, two ends of a connecting pin shaft are arranged at the other ends of the two roller carriers respectively, and the rollers are sleeved on the connecting pin shaft.
Furthermore, the self-centering mechanism also comprises a rocker, and two ends of the rocker are respectively in rotating connection with the parallel crank ring and the sliding block; the movable assembly further comprises an elastic element, and the elastic element is connected to the sliding block and located between the two limiting frames.
Further, from centering mechanism still includes drive mechanism, drive mechanism includes the transmission assembly that three groups symmetry set up, and three groups transmission assembly connects respectively in three the pulley of movable assembly, transmission assembly is through the drive the pulley drives check out test set follows the axial displacement of the hole spare that awaits measuring.
Furthermore, the self-centering device further comprises a motor, five main body plates and at least three connecting rods, wherein the five main body plates are sequentially arranged at intervals, and one ends of the at least three connecting rods sequentially penetrate through the five main body plates so as to connect the five main body plates together along the same axis; the motor and the limiting frame are respectively arranged on the main body plate.
Furthermore, the output shaft of the motor is connected to the transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism and the movable assembly are respectively arranged on the main body plate; the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device are respectively connected to two of the five main body plates positioned at two ends.
Furthermore, the number of the self-centering mechanisms is two, the two self-centering mechanisms are arranged at intervals, the two parallel crank rings are respectively sleeved on the periphery of the motor and the pose measuring device, and the two corresponding elastic elements respectively abut against the periphery of the motor and the pose measuring device.
According to another aspect of the invention, a method for detecting the cylindricity of the deep hole adapting to the variable aperture is provided, and the method for detecting the cylindricity of the deep hole adopts the device for detecting the cylindricity of the deep hole adapting to the variable aperture.
Furthermore, the detection equipment is arranged in an inner hole of the hole piece to be detected, the detection equipment uniformly advances along the axis of the inner hole, the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device respectively shoot the section information of the diffraction-free light beam and the section information of the inner hole to complete the data measurement of the section of the inner hole, and then the data processing unit processes the measured data to obtain the cylindricity of the deep hole.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the equipment and the method for detecting the cylindricity of the deep hole adaptive to the variable aperture provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:
1. the position and pose measuring device, the self-centering device and the diameter measuring device form a coaxial and integrated detection device, and the cylindricity error of the hole piece to be detected can be automatically and simultaneously obtained in one detection operation and comprehensively and quickly calculated according to a large amount of position and pose information, diameter information and axial information.
2. The three parallel movable assemblies are rotationally connected by adopting the parallel crank ring, and when any one of the three movable assemblies moves, the other two movable assemblies can follow the corresponding movable assemblies, so that the three movable assemblies synchronously move, and high-precision centering is realized.
3. The detection equipment continuously acquires the internal control section information and the self pose information and transmits the internal control section information and the self pose information to the data processing unit for unified processing, the data processing unit calculates the axis of the inner hole according to the pose information, then the corresponding section image information is unified to the axis of the inner hole through coordinate transformation, error compensation is carried out by using the pose information, and the cylindricity of the whole hole piece is calculated through all inner hole information of unified coordinates.
4. The self-centering device and the pose measuring device are combined to reflect the hole shape change into the pose change of the whole detection equipment, so that error compensation is performed by using pose information in the process of evaluating the cylindricity, and the detection precision of the cylindricity is improved.
5. The detection equipment is simple and convenient to operate, high in measurement efficiency and accuracy and good in stability, and is suitable for measuring the inner cylindrical surface of the deep-hole part.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a deep hole cylindricity detecting device adapted to a variable bore diameter provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the deep hole cylindricity detection device adapted to the variable aperture in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the self-centering device of FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a partial three-dimensional schematic view of the self-centering device of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic partial exploded view of the self-centering device of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is another cross-sectional view of the self-centering device of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is an exploded schematic view of the transmission portion of the self-centering device of FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a pose measuring device of the variable-aperture deep-hole cylindricity detecting apparatus in FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a diameter measuring device of the variable bore hole cylindricity detecting apparatus of FIG. 1;
fig. 10 is an imaging schematic diagram of the pose measurement apparatus in fig. 8;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the cylindricity assessment of the variable bore hole cylindricity detection apparatus of FIG. 1.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1-a limiting frame, 2-a sliding block, 3-a roller frame, 4-a roller, 5-a rocker, 6-a parallel crank ring, 7-a primary gear set, 8-a secondary reversing gear set, 9-a tertiary gear set, 10-a belt, 11-a motor, 12-an image sensor, 13-a diameter measuring cylinder, 14-a connecting rod, 15-a main body plate, 16-a tensioning sleeve, 17-a pose measuring cylinder, 18-a non-diffraction light generator, 19-a data processing unit, 20-a piece to be measured, 21-an annular light beam, 22-a reflector, 23-a pyramid mirror and 24-an annular laser.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the detection apparatus for detecting cylindricity of a deep hole adapting to a variable aperture provided by the present invention includes a non-diffraction light generator 18, a pose measuring device, a self-centering device and a diameter measuring device, which are coaxially disposed, and the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device are respectively connected to two opposite sides of the self-centering device. The detection device further comprises a data processing unit 19, and the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device are respectively used for detecting pose information and diameter information and transmitting the detected pose information and diameter information to the data processing unit 19. The data processing unit 19 performs unified processing on the received information, and calculates to obtain an inner bore axial line according to the received pose information, then unifies the corresponding sectional image information to the inner bore axial line through coordinate transformation, and performs error compensation by using the pose information, and further calculates the cylindricity of the whole hole piece through all the inner bore information of the same coordinate.
Referring to fig. 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, the self-centering device includes two sets of self-centering mechanisms, a transmission mechanism, a motor 11, five main body plates 15 and at least three connecting rods 14, the five main body plates 15 are sequentially arranged at intervals, one end of each connecting rod 14 sequentially penetrates through the five main body plates 15 to connect the five main body plates 15 together along the same axis and limit the position of the five main body plates 15 by using a retainer ring, and the connecting rods 14 are uniformly arranged around the central axis of the main body plates 15 at least. The two self-centering mechanisms are respectively connected to the two main body plates 15 and are symmetrically arranged. The motor 11 is connected to one of the main body plates 15 and the transmission mechanism, which is connected to one of the self-centering mechanisms, whereby the motor 11 drives the corresponding self-centering mechanism to move through the transmission mechanism, which in turn causes the entire detection apparatus to move along an axis.
In this embodiment, the two main body plates 15 located at both ends are connected to the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device, respectively; for the convenience of description, the five main body plates 15 are sequentially a first main body plate, a second main body plate, a third main body plate, a fourth main body plate and a fifth main body plate from near to far from the diameter measuring device; the number of at least three connecting rods 14 is three, and it is understood that in other embodiments, the number of the connecting rods 14 can be increased or decreased according to actual needs.
The self-centering mechanism comprises a parallel crank ring 6 and three parallel movable assemblies, one end of each of the three movable assemblies is respectively and rotatably connected to the parallel crank ring 6, and when any one of the three movable assemblies moves, the other two movable assemblies can follow the corresponding movable assemblies to follow. Wherein the movable assembly accommodates orifice members of different bore diameters by elastic deformation of the members.
The movable assembly comprises two limiting frames 1, a sliding block 2, two roller frames 3 and rollers 4, the limiting frames 1 are L-shaped, one ends of the limiting frames are connected to the corresponding main body plates 15, the two limiting frames 1 are arranged at intervals, and an accommodating space for accommodating the sliding block 2 is formed between the two limiting frames 1 and the corresponding main body plates 15. The limiting frame 1 is further provided with a sliding groove with the length perpendicular to the central shaft of the main body plate 15. The two roller carriers 3 are arranged at intervals and are respectively positioned at two opposite sides of the limiting frame 1, one end of the connecting bolt sequentially penetrates through one roller carrier 3, the sliding groove and the other roller carrier 3, and the sliding block 2 is positioned between the connecting bolt and the roller 4. One end of each of the two roller frames 3 is connected with the two opposite sides of the sliding block 2 through two pins, two ends of a connecting pin shaft are arranged at the other ends of the two roller frames 3, and the rollers 4 are sleeved on the connecting pin shafts.
One end of the rocker 5 is rotatably connected with one end of the slider 2 far away from the corresponding main body plate 15, and the other end of the rocker is rotatably connected with the parallel crank ring 6. The connecting bolt can slide along the sliding groove, and then drives the sliding block 2, the roller frame 3 connected to the sliding block 2 and the roller 4 to move so as to change the distance between the roller and the central shaft of the parallel crank ring 6, so as to adapt to hole pieces with different apertures, meanwhile, the sliding block 2 moves to drive the parallel crank ring 6 to rotate through the rocker 5, and the same parallel crank ring 6 also rotates to drive the sliding block 2 to move.
The bottom of the sliding block 2 is connected with an elastic element (such as a spring) which is positioned between the two limiting frames 1. The elastic element is used for providing a supporting force, the supporting force can be transmitted to the roller 4, and the whole detection device can balance the self gravity and the supporting force in the hole piece so as to adapt to different hole diameters and eliminate moving pair gaps.
In this embodiment, the size of the chute is 13m × 4 mm; the distance between the connection part of the rocker 5 and the parallel crank ring 6 and the connection part of the rocker 5 and the sliding block 2 is 20mm, the distance between a rotating pair formed by the rocker 5 and the parallel crank ring 6 and the central axis of the parallel crank ring 6 is 20mm, the deflection angle of the connecting line of the rotating pair and the corresponding central axis relative to the horizontal direction is 36.94 degrees, and then the measuring range is 152-161 mm; the body of the motor 11 is coaxially mounted with the second main body plate 15; the two self-centering mechanisms are connected to the second body plate and the fifth body plate, respectively.
Drive mechanism includes the transmission assembly that three groups of symmetries set up, transmission assembly includes one-level gear train 7, second grade switching-over gear train 8, tertiary gear train 9 and area 10, the output shaft of motor 11 passes connect behind the third main part board in the action wheel of one-level gear train 7, one-level play wheelset 7 from the driving wheel pass through the step shaft with the action wheel of second grade switching-over gear train 8 is connected, the action wheel of second grade switching-over gear train 8 passes through the roller shaft to be fixed in the hole of third main part board, second grade switching-over gear train 8 from the driving wheel with the action wheel of tertiary gear train 9 passes through the step shaft and installs in the backup pad, two the backup pad interval sets up on the third main part board, tertiary gear train 9 and band pulley set gradually on the step shaft that corresponds, and this step shaft adopts the retaining ring to carry on spacingly. The belt 10 is connected with the belt wheel and the roller 4, so that the motor 10 drives the corresponding roller 4 to move through the transmission component. The driving wheels of the primary gear sets 7 of the three sets of transmission assemblies are uniformly distributed around the output shaft of the motor 11.
Referring to fig. 8 and 10, the pose measurement device includes a pose measurement cylinder 17, two image sensors 12, and two reflecting mirrors 22, the pose measurement cylinder 17 is a stepped cylinder, the two image sensors 12 and the two reflecting mirrors 22 are respectively arranged in the pose measurement cylinder 17 at intervals along the axial direction of the pose measurement cylinder 17, and the two image sensors 12 and the two reflecting mirrors 22 are alternately arranged. The pose measuring cylinder 17 is connected to the fifth main body plate through a tensioning sleeve 16, the tensioning sleeve 16 is arranged on the fifth main body plate in a penetrating mode, and one end of the pose measuring cylinder 17 penetrates through the tensioning sleeve 16 and then extends into a position between the fifth main body plate and the fourth main body plate.
The light beam emitted by the non-diffractive light generator 18 is divided into two beams when passing through one of the reflectors 22, one beam is imaged in the front image sensor 12, and the other beam is emitted into the rear reflector 22 after passing through the rear image sensor 12, so that the rear image sensor 12 also obtains a light beam image, and the two light beam images can represent and calculate pose information. In this embodiment, the two parallel crank rings 6 of the self-centering mechanism are respectively sleeved on the peripheries of the pose measuring cylinder 17 and the motor 11, and one ends of the two corresponding elastic elements respectively abut against the peripheries of the pose measuring cylinder 17 and the motor 11.
Referring to fig. 9, the diameter measuring device includes an image sensor 12, a diameter measuring cylinder 13, a pyramid lens 23 and a ring laser 24, and the diameter measuring cylinder 13 is connected to the first main body plate through the tightening sleeve 16, and is a stepped cylinder. The pyramid lens 23, the image sensor 12 and the ring laser 24 are arranged in the diameter measuring cylinder 13 at intervals along the axis of the diameter measuring cylinder 13, and the pyramid lens 23 is arranged adjacent to the motor 11. Wherein, the ring laser 24 emits ring laser, which is reflected to the pyramid mirror 23 through the inner wall of the piece to be measured 20; as shown in fig. 10, the pyramid lens 23 has six mirror surfaces, and of course, the six mirror surfaces reflect the complete inner wall image into 6 partial segments corresponding to the image in the image sensor 12, so that the resolution is improved and the measurement accuracy is improved under the condition that the size of the phase surface of the image sensor 12 is fixed.
The data processing unit includes the host computer and fixes the singlechip that adopts the CAN bus that links to each other on the fuselage based on STM32F103 chip, motor 11 connects the direct current drive chip and then connects data processing unit 19, position appearance measuring device reaches diameter measuring device's 3 image sensor 12 also are connected to the fuselage singlechip, and motion and data acquisition work are by host computer unified control.
Referring to fig. 11, the present invention provides a method for detecting the cylindricity of a deep hole adaptive to a variable aperture, which mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, the detection equipment is arranged in an inner hole of a workpiece to be measured, at the moment, because the hole diameter of the inner hole is smaller than that of a self-centering mechanism in a full-stretching state, the hole wall of the inner hole exerts radial force on the roller 4, the elastic element deforms, the sliding blocks 2 move in a centripetal mode to enable the parallel crank ring 6 to rotate and drive other rocking bars 5 to enable the three sliding blocks 2 to move synchronously, high-precision centering is achieved, at the moment, the detection equipment can ensure that the detection equipment is coaxial with a pose measuring device, a diameter measuring device and the inner hole to be measured, and measuring precision is guaranteed.
And step two, the upper computer issues a measurement starting instruction, the lower computer driving circuit starts to drive the motor 11 to operate, when power is synchronously transmitted to the roller 4, the detection equipment advances at a constant speed under the action of friction force, and simultaneously the lower computer sends an instruction to enable the pose measuring device to shoot the section information of the diffraction-free light beam and the diameter measuring device to shoot the section information of the inner hole, so that the data measurement of one section is completed. The data information is transformed by a plurality of defined system coordinate systems and then is uniformly represented.
And step three, repeating the step two to obtain all n inner hole section information of the workpiece to be measured, and when the acquisition is completed, issuing a measurement finishing instruction by the upper computer, stopping the operation of the motor 11 and each image sensor 12 to finish the data acquisition operation. As shown in fig. 5, according to the obtained n position posture information, an inner hole axis L of the space to be detected in the detection process can be calculated, and then an evaluation base axis L is obtained; according to all the n inner hole section information, sampling points can be selected according to required precision or calculation capacity, and then the sampling points are converted to the inner hole axis, so that the distance between all the sampling points and the evaluation base axis can be obtained, and further the inner hole cylindricity can be calculated by any method meeting international regulations. In the cylindricity evaluation, 3 interface information of the piece to be measured are required at minimum, and in order to further explain how to calculate the cylindricity, 3 interface data measured at equal intervals are used, wherein the diameter information takes 6 data points on each section.
Pose data Pi(xi,yi,zi) (unit: mm): p1(0,0,300)，P2(-0.0484,+0.0572,350)，P3(-0.0352,+0.1672,400). Diameter data Dij(unit: mm): d11＝154.743，D12＝155.002，D13＝154.484，D14＝155.235，D15＝154.898，D16＝154.742，D21＝154.499，D22＝154.935，D23＝154.311，D24＝154.964，D25＝154.667，D26＝154.437，D31＝154.318，D32＝154.761，D33＝154.327，D34＝154.816，D35＝154.579，D36＝154.344。
Preferably, the base axis l may be fitted from the pose data Pi using a least squares method, i.e.:
and calculating to obtain an axis equation:
in this example, the data point coordinates may be calculated using the following formula:
zij＝zi
the distance R of all data points from the axis l is determinedijFrom R11To R36Sequentially (unit: mm): 77.2019, 77.4724, 77.3829, 77.7871, 77.4780, 77.2303, 77.1371, 77.4255, 77.2259, 77.5944, 77.3757, 77.1482, 77.1566, 77.4048, 77.1902, 77.4104, 77.2652, 77.1453. Wherein R ismax＝77.7871mm，Rmin＝77.1371mm。
Preferably, the cylindricity can be calculated by the following formula:
ΔR＝Rmax-Rmin
the cylindricity C is 77.7871-77.1371-0.6500 mm.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an adaptation becomes deep hole cylindricity check out test set of aperture which characterized in that:
the detection equipment comprises a diffraction-free light generator, a pose measuring device, a self-centering device and a diameter measuring device which are coaxially arranged, wherein the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device are respectively connected to two opposite sides of the self-centering device;
the self-centering device comprises a self-centering mechanism, the self-centering mechanism comprises a parallel crank ring and three parallel movable assemblies, one ends of the three movable assemblies are respectively and rotatably connected to the parallel crank ring, and the movable assemblies adjust the distance between the movable assemblies and the central shaft of the parallel crank ring through elastic deformation so as to adapt to-be-measured hole pieces with different apertures; the parallel crank ring is used for transmitting the motion of any one of the three movable assemblies to the other two movable assemblies so that the three movable assemblies move synchronously;
the movable assembly comprises two limiting frames, a sliding block, two roller frames and rollers, the two limiting frames are arranged at intervals, and the limiting frames are provided with sliding chutes; the two roller carriers are arranged at intervals and are respectively positioned on two opposite sides of the two limiting carriers, one end of a connecting bolt sequentially penetrates through one roller carrier, the sliding groove and the other roller carrier, and the sliding block is positioned between the connecting bolt and the roller; one ends of the two roller carriers are connected with two opposite sides of the sliding block through two pins respectively, two ends of a connecting pin shaft are arranged at the other ends of the two roller carriers respectively, and the rollers are sleeved on the connecting pin shaft.
2. The variable bore deep hole cylindricity testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the detection equipment further comprises a data processing unit, and the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device are respectively used for detecting pose information and diameter information and transmitting the detected pose information and diameter information to the data processing unit; the data processing unit calculates to obtain an inner hole axis according to the received pose information, then unifies the corresponding sectional image information on the inner hole axis through coordinate transformation, meanwhile, error compensation is carried out by using the pose information, and further the cylindricity of the whole hole piece is calculated through all the inner hole information of the same coordinate.
3. The variable bore deep hole cylindricity testing apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the self-centering mechanism further comprises a rocker, and two ends of the rocker are respectively in rotating connection with the parallel crank ring and the sliding block; the movable assembly further comprises an elastic element, and the elastic element is connected to the sliding block and located between the two limiting frames.
4. The apparatus for detecting the cylindricity of a deep hole with an adaptive strain aperture according to claim 3, wherein: from centering mechanism still includes drive mechanism, drive mechanism includes the transmission assembly that three group symmetries set up, and three are organized transmission assembly connects respectively in three the pulley of movable assembly, transmission assembly is through the drive the pulley comes the drive check out test set follows the axial displacement of the hole spare that awaits measuring.
5. The apparatus for detecting the cylindricity of a deep hole with an adaptive strain aperture according to claim 4, wherein: the self-centering device further comprises a motor, five main body plates and at least three connecting rods, wherein the five main body plates are sequentially arranged at intervals, and one ends of the at least three connecting rods sequentially penetrate through the five main body plates so as to connect the five main body plates together along the same axis; the motor and the limiting frame are respectively arranged on the main body plate.
6. The variable bore deep hole cylindricity detecting apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the output shaft of the motor is connected with the transmission mechanism, and the transmission mechanism and the movable assembly are respectively arranged on the main body plate; the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device are respectively connected to two of the five main body plates positioned at two ends.
7. The variable bore deep hole cylindricity detecting apparatus of claim 6, wherein: the number of the self-centering mechanisms is two, the two self-centering mechanisms are arranged at intervals, the two parallel crank rings are respectively sleeved on the periphery of the motor and the pose measuring device, and the two corresponding elastic elements respectively abut against the periphery of the motor and the pose measuring device.
8. A deep hole cylindricity detection method adapting to variable aperture is characterized in that: the detection method adopts the deep hole cylindricity detection equipment adaptive to the variable aperture according to any one of claims 1 to 7 to detect the deep hole cylindricity.
9. The method for detecting the cylindricity of the deep hole with the adaptive strain aperture as claimed in claim 8, wherein: the detection equipment is arranged in an inner hole of a hole piece to be detected, the detection equipment uniformly advances along the axis of the inner hole, the pose measuring device and the diameter measuring device respectively shoot section information of a diffraction-free light beam and section information of the inner hole to complete data measurement of the section of the inner hole, and then a data processing unit of the detection equipment processes measured data to obtain the cylindricity of the deep hole.
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