CN109869137B - Method for controlling fixed production mode of pumping well based on flowmeter and indicator diagram - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for controlling the fixed production mode of a pumping well based on a flowmeter and an indicator diagram. And comparing the two yield calculation methods to calculate the leakage amount. The method comprises the steps of analyzing the difference between the oil well yield and a set value, adopting a control strategy of feedforward correction or feedback compensation to carry out variable frequency control on the oil well, and correcting the fixed production range of the pumping well by combining the daily production of the pumping well. The method changes the situation of over-exploitation of the oil well in the traditional mode, can reasonably set the oil field yield according to the actual situation of the oil field, changes the current situations that the oil field is over-exploited and the pumping well cannot be adjusted in real time in the prior art, realizes frequency conversion optimization on the basis of exerting the potential of the oil reservoir to the maximum extent, and realizes a refined management mode of the pumping well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of production modes of oil pumping wells in oil fields, in particular to a method for controlling a fixed production mode of an oil pumping well based on a flowmeter and an indicator diagram.
Background
With the continuous deepening of oil field development, the residual reserves are continuously reduced, the light and quiet yield shows the trend of gradual decrease, in the petroleum resources of China, the yield of crude oil mainly takes the oil field or a mining area as an independent unit, the initial stock of the crude oil is poor, the crude oil loss and other four parts are used as a measure index, the crude oil yield is suitable for the national conditions of China, and the development of the petroleum industry is greatly promoted. However, the yield indexes used in the calculation have certain limitations, only the obtained physical results can be displayed, but the investment of capital, technology and operation cost of the crude oil in the whole process from exploration to development is not reflected, and the maximization of an enterprise is hardly reflected quantitatively. Moreover, under the market economic condition, in the process of enterprise production and operation, the maximization of crude oil yield is no longer the final goal, and the achievement of enterprise operation and production should be measured by the maximization of final economic benefit. Because if enterprises continue to aim at purely pursuing crude oil production, the enterprises finally lead to the fact that each oil field aims at achieving the production target, and the enterprises do not adopt a rough management mode by means, only pay attention to quantity increase and scale expansion, so that the oil fields are involved in vicious cycles which continuously seek to maximize crude oil production indexes, and the oil fields have the consequences of high investment, low production and poor benefit.
The basic principle of the fixed-production mode of the pumping well is to calculate the yield of the oil well based on an indicator diagram, compare the yield with a well group flowmeter, and intelligently adjust the yield of the oil well by adopting a feedforward correction or feedback compensation method on a difference value of the yield, so that the daily yield is guaranteed to be a fixed value.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a pumping well fixed-production mode control method based on a flowmeter and an indicator diagram. And comparing the two yield calculation methods to calculate the leakage amount. The method comprises the steps of analyzing the difference between the oil well yield and a set value, adopting a control strategy of feedforward correction or feedback compensation to carry out variable frequency control on the oil well, and correcting the fixed production range of the pumping well by combining the daily production of the pumping well.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the purpose is as follows: a method for controlling the fixed production mode of a pumping well based on a flowmeter and an indicator diagram comprises the following steps:
obtaining the effective stroke and the yield of the oil well according to the ground indicator diagram of the oil well, and calculating the flow calculated by the flowmeter by adopting a distance weighting method;
comparing the two yield calculation methods to calculate the loss;
and (4) combining an indicator diagram, analyzing the yield of the oil well, and performing variable frequency control on the oil well by adopting feedforward correction or feedback compensation.
The method for obtaining the effective stroke and the liquid yield of the oil well according to the ground indicator diagram of the oil well specifically comprises the steps of obtaining the yield of the pumping well within half an hour through indicator diagram data analysis and calculation, and calculating the effective stroke of the pumping well by adopting a five-point curvature method, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) carrying out mean value filtering on the initial indicator diagram data:
wherein, PiShift points of the indicator diagram; fjIs an indicator diagram load point; m is the filtering order;
(2) data normalization:
Pi＝(Pi-Pmin)/(Pmax-Pmin)
Fj＝(Fj-Fmin)/(Fmax-Fmin)
Pmaxis the maximum value of the displacement of the pump diagram, PminIs the minimum value of the displacement of the pump diagram, FmaxIs the maximum load of the pump diagram, FminIs the minimum value of the load of the pump work diagram;
(3) calculating the curvature:
the curvature of any point on the indicator diagram curve can be determined according to five adjacent points Pi-2(si-2,fi-2),Pi-1(si-1,fi-1),Pi(si,fi),Pi+1(si+1,fi+1),Pi+2(si+2,fi+2) The geometrical relationship between the two is calculated as follows:
Ki＝Δθi/Δli
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(4) calculating the amount of curvature change
δKi＝|Ki+1-Ki|
Correcting the curvature variation
δKi'＝(δKi-1+δKi+δKi+1)/3
(5) Calculating the actual yield:
by partitioning the indicator diagram, solving the maximum curvature point of each region, and further solving four inflection points of the indicator diagram to obtain an effective stroke; knowing the effective stroke, the calculated production from the pumping well based on the indicator diagram is:
Qs＝cc·πD2/4·Sy·30
in the formula, QsThe production of the pumping well is half an hour; c. CcThe number of times of oil pumping well flushing is adopted; d is the pump diameter; syIs the effective stroke of the pumping well.
The calculation of the flow calculated by the flowmeter by adopting the distance weighting method specifically comprises the following steps:
let data point A1(a1,b1) To data point A1+n(a1+n,b1+n) D, then:
d＝((a1+n-a1)2+(b1+n-b1)2)0.5
find at data point A1And A1+nThe values of the n-1 data points in between, i.e., the estimates for a single well per day during the week, are:
Ai＝(ai,b1+(b1+n-b1)(i-1)/d)
wherein n is the total number of wells in the well group; a isiDay i for single well; biYield on day i.
The method for calculating the leakage rate of the pumping well comprises the following steps:
Ql＝Qs-Qj
in the formula, QjThe flow is measured by the flowmeter for half an hour; qsFor half an hour of pumping well production, QlThe leakage rate is half an hour.
The combination indicator diagram adopts feedforward correction or feedback compensation to carry out frequency conversion control on the oil well by analyzing the oil well yield, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the real-time yield of the oil well is obtained through the indicator diagram, and the variable frequency control of the pumping well is realized by adopting a feedforward correction or feedback compensation mode according to the requirements of the site.
The feedforward correction method comprises the following steps:
establishing an expression according to the relation between the flow and the stroke frequency, and performing curve fitting by adopting a least square method to meet the following requirements:
in the formula, phi is a function class,
is a function in any form in the function class; m is the number of actual observation points; (x)i,yi) Representing the flow and the frequency of rush at an observation point;
selecting functions in the function class, solving the equation to obtain the relation between the flow and the stroke frequency of the single well:
in the formula, alphaiFor arbitrary functions in a class of functionsI is 0,1 … n, n representing the order of the curve-fitting polynomial;
and for the oil well yield, the stroke frequency at the next moment is obtained according to the relation between the flow rate and the stroke frequency of the single well.
The feedback compensation is as follows:
compensating the difference e (k) between the current time yield q '(k) calculated by the indicator diagram and the set value q (k) of the yield every half hour to the set value of the yield at the next time as a deviation amount, and calculating the number of times of impact n (k +1) ═ 2(q (k) + q' (k))/(15 pi D) of the pumping well at the next time according to the new set value of the yield2Sy)；
In the formula, n (k +1) is the set value of stroke frequency of the oil pumping unit at the next moment; syThe effective stroke of the current diagram is shown, and D is the pump diameter.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. under the current technical condition, the acquisition of the ground indicator diagram of the oil well is realized in real time, so that the real-time variable frequency optimization of the oil well is realized by adopting a control strategy of feedforward correction and feedback compensation, and the accurate fixed production of the oil well is ensured;
2. the yield is calculated by comparing the flowmeter and the indicator diagram in the fixed production mode, so that the leakage quantity is updated and adjusted in real time;
3. the accuracy of calculating the yield based on the indicator diagram is realized by solving the effective stroke of the indicator diagram based on mean value filtering;
4. by determining the set value interval of the yield in the fixed production mode, the pumping well equipment is prevented from being damaged due to overlarge set value, and the failure rate of the pumping well equipment is reduced;
5. the method changes the situation of over-exploitation of the oil well in the traditional mode, can reasonably set the oil field yield according to the actual situation of the oil field, changes the current situations that the oil field is over-exploited and the pumping well cannot be adjusted in real time in the prior art, realizes frequency conversion optimization on the basis of exerting the potential of the oil reservoir to the maximum extent, and realizes a refined management mode of the pumping well.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a full flow diagram of the present invention in a fixed production mode;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the feedback compensation of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention designs a novel control method of a fixed-production mode of an oil pumping well aiming at the technical requirement of frequency conversion control production of the oil pumping well. The invention analyzes the ground indicator diagram of the oil well, calculates the effective stroke and the liquid yield of the oil well by combining the actual production data and the static parameters of the oil field, and calculates the flow calculated by the flowmeter by adopting a distance weighting method. And comparing the two yield calculation methods to calculate the leakage amount. The method comprises the steps of analyzing the difference between the oil well yield and a set value, adopting a control strategy of feedforward correction or feedback compensation to carry out variable frequency control on the oil well, and correcting the fixed production range of the pumping well by combining the daily production of the pumping well. The invention changes the limitations that the improvement of the oil well pump efficiency cannot realize continuous optimization depending on measures such as maintenance operation, yield increasing measures, parameter adjusting and optimizing and the like, and the defects that the yield control excessively depends on manual participation and cannot realize accurate yield adjustment in the traditional mode by adopting the control method of the fixed-yield mode of the pumping well based on the combination of the flowmeter and the indicator diagram. The invention realizes frequency conversion optimization on the basis of furthest exerting the potential of an oil reservoir, reduces the exploitation energy consumption of an oil well, improves the efficiency of an oil pumping well system, and realizes that field personnel can quantitatively produce according to the needs.
The effective stroke and the liquid yield of the oil well are calculated by analyzing the ground indicator diagram of the oil well and combining the actual production data and the static parameters of the oil field, and the flow calculated by the flowmeter is calculated by adopting a distance weighting method. And comparing the two yield calculation methods to calculate the leakage amount.
The method comprises the steps of analyzing the difference between the oil well yield and a set value, adopting a control strategy of feedforward correction or feedback compensation to carry out variable frequency control on the oil well, and correcting the fixed production range of the pumping well by combining the daily production of the pumping well. As shown in fig. 1.
1. The method comprises the following steps of obtaining the yield of the pumping well within half an hour through the analysis and calculation of indicator diagram data, and calculating the effective stroke of the pumping well by adopting a five-point curvature method, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) and (3) carrying out mean value filtering on the initial indicator diagram data:
wherein, PiShift points of the indicator diagram; fjIs an indicator diagram load point; m is the filtering order.
(2) Data normalization:
Pi＝(Pi-Pmin)/(Pmax-Pmin)
Fj＝(Fj-Fmin)/(Fmax-Fmin)
(3) calculating the curvature:
the curvature is calculated in order to find the inflection points on the indicator diagram, i.e., the opening and closing points of the fixed valve and the traveling valve. The curvature of any point on the indicator diagram curve can be calculated according to the geometrical relationship between the adjacent five points:
Ki＝Δθi/li
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(4) calculating the curvature variation:
δKi＝|Ki+1-Ki|
δKi'＝(δKi-1+δKi+δKi+1)/3
(5) calculating the actual yield:
the indicator diagram is partitioned, the maximum curvature point of each partition is obtained, and then four inflection points of the indicator diagram are obtained, so that the effective stroke is obtained. Knowing the effective stroke, the calculated production from the pumping well based on the indicator diagram is:
Qs＝cc·πD2/4·Sy·30
in the formula, QsThe production of the pumping well is half an hour; c. CcThe number of times of oil pumping well flushing is adopted; d is the pump diameter; syIs the effective stroke of the pumping well.
2. Calculating the production of a pumping well by means of a flowmeter
Taking an extended oil field as an example, six pumping wells form a well group, each well group is provided with a flowmeter, and the actual yield of each well is measured by timing switching of the flowmeters.
The switching strategy adopted by the current flow meter is a mode of switching every well one day, and the flow meter can be switched at eight am every day. And outputting the recorded well data of the previous day, wherein the content of the data is the yield information of the pumping well every half hour, and the total number of the data is 48. Each piece of information includes: start and stop times per half hour, production data per half hour, pumping well information per half hour, etc.
In practical application, because the flowmeter acquires discrete information of a single well, namely each well can only acquire flow information of one day in one period, the unknown data of the days in the period needs to be processed regularly by adopting a certain method, a prediction model of the single well is established by analyzing the historical trend curve of the single well measured by the flowmeter, and the yield of the single well per day is predicted by solving the model.
This patent uses a distance-weighted method, in which the closer a data point is to a certain point, the greater the influence of the data point on the point, and if only a few data points closest to the certain point are considered, the influence of the data points on the point is related to the distance, and the farther the distance is, the smaller the influence is.
Let data point A1(a1,b1) To data point A1+n(a1+n,b1+n) A distance ofd, then there are:
d＝((a1+n-a1)2+(b1+n-b1)2)0.5
find at data point A1And A1+nThe values of the n-1 data points in between, i.e., the estimates for a single well per day during the week, are:
Ai＝(ai,b1+(b1+n-b1)(i-1)/d)
wherein n is the total number of wells in the well group; a isiDay i for single well; biYield on day i.
3. Calculate the half hour leakage
And calculating the leakage quantity according to the yield calculated by the indicator diagram and the yield measured by the flowmeter.
Ql＝Qs-Qj
In the formula, QjThe flow is measured by the flowmeter for half an hour; qlThe leakage rate is half an hour.
Because the leakage will change over time as the geological features of the field change, the calculated leakage will also change over time. Therefore, the strategy of calculating the leakage amount once in each period is adopted, and the calculation error of the leakage amount is ensured to be continuously corrected.
4. And the accurate fixed production of the pumping well is realized by adopting a control strategy of feedforward correction and feedback compensation.
Because the variable frequency control of the pumping well is a time lag inertia link, a certain control means is needed to eliminate the error, and two methods are adopted to solve the problem, namely a feedforward correction method and a feedback compensation control method.
(1) Feed forward correction
In practical application, a feedforward correction control strategy is formulated by analyzing the relation between the output measured by a flowmeter and the corresponding stroke frequency of a pumping well, the principle of feedforward correction is also called disturbance compensation, and adjustment is carried out according to the disturbance size causing the change of the adjusted parameters.
The relationship between half-hour flow and corresponding stroke for a well is shown in the following table:
establishing an expression for the relation between the flow and the stroke frequency, and performing curve fitting by adopting a least square method to ensure that the relation satisfies the following conditions:
in the formula, phi is a function class,
is a function in any form in the function class; m is the number of actual observation points; (x)i,yi) The observation point coordinates are obtained.
Selecting a proper function in the function class, and solving the equation to obtain:
in the formula, alphaiUnknown parameters for arbitrary functions in the function class.
Therefore, when the pumping well at the current moment is instructed to issue, the calculated value of the yield of the pumping well at the current moment can be compared with the theoretical set value, the change value of the yield is corrected in advance according to the fitted relation curve, and the stroke value at the next moment is adjusted.
(2) Feedback compensation
Feedback compensation is a task in which a control device exerts a control action on a controlled object in a feedback system, and a deviation between a controlled quantity and an input quantity is continuously corrected by acquiring feedback information of the controlled quantity, thereby controlling the controlled object.
As shown in fig. 2, the feedback compensation steps are as follows: and compensating the difference e (k) between the current moment yield q' (k) calculated by the indicator diagram and the yield set value q (k) of each half hour into the yield set value of the next moment as a deviation amount, and calculating the stroke n (k +1) of the pumping well of the next moment according to the new yield set value.
Then, according to the feedback compensation principle, setting the adjustment principle of the frequency of stroke of the pumping well, namely setting the frequency of stroke at the next moment of the pumping well as the following values:
n(k+1)＝2(q(k)+q'(k))/(15πD2Sy)
in the formula, n (k +1) is the set value of stroke frequency of the oil pumping unit at the next moment; q (k) is the theoretical set value every half hour; q' (k) is the calculated value of the yield at the previous moment, e (k) is the difference value between the yield based on the indicator diagram and the set value, SyThe effective stroke of the current diagram is shown, and D is the pump diameter.
5. Determining the set value interval of the production in the fixed production mode
When the liquid supply state of the pumping well is good, the stroke frequency can be increased to improve the yield, but when the stroke frequency is increased to a certain degree, the liquid supply state under the well is deteriorated due to rapid pumping, and the yield is reduced on the contrary, so the yield of the pumping well has a maximum value, the maximum value needs to be obtained to limit the yield set value of the fixed-yield mode, and the damage of pumping well equipment caused by overlarge set value is prevented. The maximum production is determined by statistical methods, and the maximum production of a well is determined by counting the daily production of the well.
Claims (5)
1. A method for controlling the fixed production mode of a pumping well based on a flowmeter and an indicator diagram is characterized by comprising the following steps:
obtaining the effective stroke and the yield of the oil well according to the ground indicator diagram of the oil well; calculating the flow calculated by the flowmeter by adopting a distance weighting method so as to obtain the oil well yield;
comparing the two yield calculation methods to calculate the loss;
combining an indicator diagram, analyzing the yield of the oil well, and performing variable frequency control on the oil well by adopting feedforward correction or feedback compensation;
the feedforward correction method comprises the following steps:
establishing an expression according to the relation between the flow and the stroke frequency, and performing curve fitting by adopting a least square method to meet the following requirements:
in the formula, phi is a function class,
is a function in any form in the function class; m is the number of actual observation points; (x)i,yi) Representing the flow and the frequency of rush at an observation point;
selecting functions in the function class, solving the equation to obtain the relation between the flow and the stroke frequency of the single well:
in the formula, alphaiFor the unknown parameters of any function in the function class, i is 0,1 … n, n represents the order of the curve fitting polynomial;
for the oil well yield, the stroke frequency at the next moment is obtained according to the relation between the flow rate and the stroke frequency of a single well;
the feedback compensation is as follows:
setting the current moment yield q' (k) calculated by the indicator diagram and the yield of each half hourA difference e (k) between the fixed values q (k) is compensated as a deviation amount to the production set value at the next time, and the number of strokes n (k +1) ═ 2(q (k) + q' (k))/(15 pi D) of the pumping well at the next time is calculated based on the new production set value2Sy)；
In the formula, n (k +1) is the set value of stroke frequency of the oil pumping unit at the next moment; syThe effective stroke of the current diagram is shown, and D is the pump diameter.
2. The method for controlling the fixed-production mode of the pumping well based on the flowmeter and the indicator diagram as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the effective stroke and the liquid yield of the pumping well according to the ground indicator diagram of the pumping well is characterized in that the method for obtaining the yield of the pumping well in half an hour through data analysis and calculation of the indicator diagram is used for calculating the effective stroke of the pumping well by adopting a five-point curvature method, and comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) carrying out mean value filtering on the initial indicator diagram data:
wherein, PiShift points of the indicator diagram; fjIs an indicator diagram load point; m is the filtering order;
(2) data normalization:
Pi＝(Pi-Pmin)/(Pmax-Pmin)
Fj＝(Fj-Fmin)/(Fmax-Fmin)
Pmaxis the maximum value of the displacement of the pump diagram, PminIs the minimum value of the displacement of the pump diagram, FmaxIs the maximum load of the pump diagram, FminIs the minimum value of the load of the pump work diagram;
(3) calculating the curvature:
the curvature of any point on the indicator diagram curve can be determined according to the phaseFive adjacent points Pi-2(si-2,fi-2),Pi-1(si-1,fi-1),Pi(si,fi),Pi+1(si+1,fi+1),Pi+2(si+2,fi+2) The geometrical relationship between the two is calculated as follows:
Ki＝Δθi/Δli
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
(4) calculating the amount of curvature change
δKi＝|Ki+1-Ki|
Correcting the curvature variation
δKi'＝(δKi-1+δKi+δKi+1)/3
(5) Calculating the actual yield:
by partitioning the indicator diagram, solving the maximum curvature point of each region, and further solving four inflection points of the indicator diagram to obtain an effective stroke; knowing the effective stroke, the calculated production from the pumping well based on the indicator diagram is:
Qs＝cc·πD2/4·Sy·30
in the formula, QsThe production of the pumping well is half an hour; c. CcThe number of times of oil pumping well flushing is adopted; d is the pump diameter; syIs the effective stroke of the pumping well.
3. The method for controlling the fixed-production mode of the pumping well based on the flowmeter and the indicator diagram according to claim 1, wherein the estimating of the flow rate calculated by the flowmeter by using the distance weighting method specifically comprises:
let data point A1(a1,b1) To a numberAccording to point A1+n(a1+n,b1+n) D, then:
d＝((a1+n-a1)2+(b1+n-b1)2)0.5
find at data point A1And A1+nThe values of the n-1 data points in between, i.e., the estimates for a single well per day during the week, are:
Ai＝(ai,b1+(b1+n-b1)(i-1)/d)
wherein n is the total number of wells in the well group; a isiDay i for single well; biYield on day i.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of calculating the loss from the pumping well comprises the steps of:
Ql＝Qs-Qj
in the formula, QjThe flow is measured by the flowmeter for half an hour; qsFor half an hour of pumping well production, QlThe leakage rate is half an hour.
5. The method for controlling the fixed-production mode of the pumping well based on the flowmeter and the indicator diagram according to claim 4, wherein the variable-frequency control is performed on the pumping well by analyzing the production of the pumping well and adopting feedforward correction or feedback compensation by combining the indicator diagram, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the real-time yield of the oil well is obtained through the indicator diagram, and the variable frequency control of the pumping well is realized by adopting a feedforward correction or feedback compensation mode according to the requirements of the site.
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