CN109863978A - A method of switched using light dark period regulation Dendrobium Sw photosynthetic pathway - Google Patents
A method of switched using light dark period regulation Dendrobium Sw photosynthetic pathway Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method using light dark period regulation specified plant photosynthetic pathway switching.The method are as follows: induced specified plant at C3 photosynthetic pathway, to improve its whole day CO from facultative CAM plant photosynthetic pathway by the regulation of short light dark period2Net interchange is with enhancing development.The photosynthetic pathway of specified plant is switched to C3 approach from CAM approach by regulating and controlling using reasonable light dark period by the present invention, promote its photosynthesis and biomass accumulation, suitable for carrying out the high-efficiency artificial cultivation of the Dendrobium Sw or specific CAM plants with economic value similar with dendrobium candidum natomical leaf structure in facility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Dendrobium Sw technical field of cultivation, and in particular to a kind of to be planted using light dark period regulation Dendrobium
The method of object photosynthetic pathway switching.
Background technique
Dendrobium (Dendrobium) is orchid family (Orchidaceae) second largest category, is distributed mainly on Yunnan, sea in China
The provinces and regions such as south, Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and Taiwan (Zou Chengyong and Liu Yan, China Dendrobium Sw progress [J] Agriculture of Anhui
Science, 2010.38 (12): 6164-6166).Part Dendrobium Sw is not only important ornamental flower in China, also has weight
The medical value wanted is important facilities horticulture cultivation type.Have in China's Dendrobium Sw 39 kinds for medicinal dendrobium, 2015
The version Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China has included 5 kinds: HERBA DENDROBII (Dendrobium nobile), dendrobium candidum
(D.officinale), dendrobium loddigesii Rolfe (D.loddigesii), stem of Eyeshaped Dendrobium (D.fimbriatum) and HERBA DENDROBII
(D.chrysanthum).The effect of medicinal dendrobium is that " strong yin strengthening the essence, thick stomach mend interior never sufficient, flat stomach in Compendium of Material Medica
Gas, long muscle, beneficial will is except frightened, macrobiosis of making light of one's life by commiting suicide "；It is that " taste is dry, puts down, nontoxic in Shennong's Herbal.In main wound, eliminating impediment, lower gas,
Tonifying five zang organs consumptive disease, frail, Qiang Yin.Long term usage thickness stomach, macrobiosis of making light of one's life by commiting suicide ".Because its drug effect is significant and extremely difficult excavation, all it is since ancient times
" the help mesona " of high official and noble lord.Dendrobium candidum, HERBA DENDROBII and Dendrobium Chrysotoxum Lindl, effective medicinal components are polysaccharide, dendrobine
With erussian (Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China [M] China Medical Science Press, Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2015).It heralds spring stone
Dry measure used in former times is derived from dai medicine, and effective medicinal components are alkaloid, has removing damp-heat, swelling and pain relieving, desinsection are antipruritic, mend soil to grow the function such as water
Effect is commonly used for medicinal plant (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, book on Chinese herbal medicine editorial board, China civil though not included by Chinese Pharmacopoeia
[M] China book on Chinese herbal medicine: dai medicine volume Shanghai: Shanghai science tech publishing house, 2005).
Under wild state, Dendrobium Sw is grown nonparasitically upon another plant on trunk or rock more, and it is frequently acute that root is often in water regime
It in the environment of strong variation, is adapted therewith, carbon assimilation and Water Physiology have unique operating mechanism, i.e. crassulacean acid metabolism
(Crassulacean Acid Metabolism,CAM)(Martin C.E.,Mas E.J.,Lu C.,and Ong B.L.The
photosynthetic pathway of the roots of twelve epiphytic orchids with CAM
leaves[J].Photosynthetica,2010.48(1):42-50；Sinclair R.Water relations of
tropical epiphytes:III.evidence for crassulacean acid metabolism[J]
.J.Exp.Bot.,1984.35(1):1-7).The artificial cultivation of dendrobium candidum mainly uses facility and bionic cultivation, facility cultivation
I.e. using facilities such as glasshouse or vinyl houses, matrix is carried out using solar radiation as light source, bark etc. as artificial substratum
Slot training or hole tray cultivation；Bionic cultivation then carries out planting seedlings using the raw environment of field woods in source area and realizes scale volume production
(Si Jinping, Yu Qiaoxian, Song Xianshui wait dendrobium candidum artificial cultivation mode [J] CHINA JOURNAL OF CHINESE MATERIA MEDICA, 2013.38 (4): 481-
484；Si Jinping dendrobium candidum facility emulational growth technical essential [J] Zhejiang Forest, 2014. (8): 26-27；Yuan Ying
Pellet, Li Zhi, Hu Dongnan wait effect [J] Jiangsu's agriculture of different grow nonparasitically upon another plant tree species and cultivation matrixes in dendrobium candidum bionic cultivation
Science, 2017.45 (04): 112-114).Both methods mainly considers the control environment and luminous environment of Dendrobium Sw, not
Consider its special photosynthetic pathway.Method (the Dai Guoping dendrobium candidum of the aerial fog cultivation dendrobium nobile of patent applied for technology in recent years
Aeroponic method: CN 102972269A [P] .2012；A kind of aeroponic method of dendrobium candidum of Huang Qianfei:
CN106376445A [P], 2017) and using artificial light cultivation dendrobium nobile method (a kind of dendrobium candidum of He Dongxian, Du Weifen
Artificial light cultural method: CN 101699984A [P], 2010) also do not adjusted for the special photosynthetic pathway of Dendrobium Sw
Control.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to regulate and control using light dark period to the switching of specified plant photosynthetic pathway, make it artificial
Photosynthesis is carried out based on C3 approach as far as possible in cultivation, to promote the photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of plant.
The present invention provides a kind of method using light dark period regulation specified plant photosynthetic pathway switching.
Method provided by the present invention using light dark period regulation specified plant photosynthetic pathway switching, are as follows: pass through short light
Dark cycle regulating induces specified plant at C3 photosynthetic pathway from facultative CAM plant photosynthetic pathway.
Wherein, light dark period is expressed with the ratio (i.e. photophase/dark phase) in photoperiod and dark period；
The short light dark period is the light dark period less than or equal to 4h/4h, concretely 4h/4h light dark period or 2h/2h
Light dark period；
4h/4h expression daily 4 photophases hour, 4 hour dark phases, alternately 3 periods, such as: photophase 8:00-12:
00, dark phase 12:00-16:00；Photophase 16:00-20:00, dark phase 20:00-24:00；Photophase 0:00-4:00, dark phase 4:00-8:
00；
2h/2h expression daily 2 photophases hour, 2 hour dark phases, alternately 6 periods, such as: photophase 8:00-10:
00, dark phase 10:00-12:00；Photophase 12:00-14:00, dark phase 14:00-16:00；Photophase 16:00-18:00, dark phase 18:00-
20:00；Photophase 20:00-22:00, dark phase 22:00-0:00；Photophase 0:00-2:00, dark phase 2:00-4:00；Photophase 4:00-6:
00, dark phase 6:00-8:00.
The specified plant can are as follows: Facultative CAM plant, concretely: dendrobium candidum or D. primulinum.
The intensity of illumination of photophase can are as follows: 100-200 μm of ol m-2s-1, concretely: 150 μm of ol m-2s-1。
The concrete operations of the above-mentioned method using light dark period regulation specified plant photosynthetic pathway switching are as follows:
To being grown in (more than annual) in conventional light dark period for 24 hours (such as 8h/16h, 12h/12h, 16h/8h) for a long time
Specified plant short light dark period (be less than or equal to 4h/4h) processing, later again by light dark period switching (or not switching) passback
System light dark period for 24 hours.
Wherein, the intensity of illumination of photophase can are as follows: 100-200 μm of ol m-2s-1, concretely: 150 μm of ol m-2s-1,
The environment temperature of photophase and dark phase can are as follows: 24 ± 1 DEG C/20 ± 1 DEG C, relative humidity can are as follows: 65 ± 10%, CO2It is dense
Degree can are as follows: 400 ± 50 μm of ol mol-1, air velocity can are as follows: 0.1-0.3m s-1。
The short light dark period can carry out multiple, concretely 4-6 short light dark period.
The above-mentioned application using the method for light dark period regulation specified plant photosynthetic pathway switching in specified plant cultivation
Also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The application, are as follows: promoting Facultative CAM plant to carry out photosynthetic answer with C3 approach or based on C3 approach
With, improve the biomass accumulation of dendrobium candidum or the Facultative CAM plant similar with dendrobium candidum blade construction and photosynthesis characteristics
Using and/or shorten the application of its cultivation period, promote the application of specified plant effective medicinal components content or yield.
In the present invention, dark phase CO is utilized2The photosynthetic pathway of higher plant is evaluated to the index quantification of net exchange rate, which is
Negative shows that the photosynthetic pathway of the plant leaf blade is C3 approach or C4 approach, which is the photosynthetic way that positive value shows the plant leaf blade
Diameter is obligate CAM approach or facultative CAM plant approach, and C3, C4, obligate CAM plants carry out the regulation of light dark period, light anyway
Conjunction approach will not essential changes have taken place, but certain specific Facultative CAM plants then may be from the photosynthetic pathway based on CAM approach
It is converted into the photosynthetic pathway based on C3 approach, also controllable its becomes simple C3 approach or CAM approach.
The whole day CO that the present invention also provides a kind of by improving specified plant2Net interchange is to promote the side of its growth and development
Method.
The method are as follows: using the regulation of short light dark period that specified plant is photosynthetic at C3 from the induction of facultative CAM plant photosynthetic pathway
Approach is to improve whole day CO2Net interchange, to promote its growth and development；
The specified plant are as follows: dendrobium candidum or the facultative CAM plant similar with dendrobium candidum blade construction and photosynthesis characteristics are planted
Object.
In the method, be all made of the processing of short light dark period in the entire growth period of plant, or through too short light dark period at
Conventional light dark period for 24 hours is switched back into or not switched back into after reason.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention are:
(1) regulation of Dendrobium Sw photosynthetic pathway switching is realized
Switched between CAM and C3 using the controllable Dendrobium Sw photosynthetic pathway of reasonable light dark period；
(2) promote the photosynthesis and biomass accumulation of Dendrobium Sw
Short light dark period induction is conducive to raising and the biomass accumulation of dendrobium candidum photosynthetic capacity；
(3) it is suitable for the factorial production of specific Dendrobium Sw or specific Facultative CAM plant
Short light dark period regulation is suitable for carrying out the Dendrobium similar with dendrobium candidum natomical leaf structure in furnished equipments
The cultivation of the high-efficiency artificial of plant or specific Facultative CAM plant.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is CO of the light dark period to dendrobium candidum, D. primulinum and kalanchoe daigremontiana2The influence of net exchange rate.
Fig. 2 is dark phase and photophase CO of the light dark period to dendrobium candidum, D. primulinum and kalanchoe daigremontiana2Net interchange
Influence.
Fig. 3 is Transverse section of leaf blade microstructure, vane thickness and the leaf of dendrobium candidum, D. primulinum and kalanchoe daigremontiana
Meat space between cells percentage.
Fig. 4 is CO of the light dark period to dendrobium candidum and strawberry2The influence of net exchange rate.
Fig. 5 is dark phase and photophase CO of the light dark period to dendrobium candidum and strawberry2The influence of net interchange.
Fig. 6 is influence of the light dark period to dendrobium candidum fresh weight incrementss and relative growth rate.
Fig. 7 be light dark period to dendrobium candidum fresh weight incrementss, dry weight incrementss, polyoses content and polysaccharide yield shadow
It rings.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described below by way of specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Experimental method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified；Institute in following embodiments
Reagent, material etc., are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
It purchases in the dendrobium candidum of Zhejiang Province, China province Jinhua and the D. primulinum of Chinese yunnan province Puer City as medicinal
The test material of dendrobium nobile and ornamental dendrobium nobile.The obligate CAM plants of typical case that heliogreenhouse is repeatedly bred in Haidian District, Beijing City
I.e. kalanchoe daigremontiana (Kalanchoe daigremontiana) is as control.Two kinds of Dendrobium Sws and kalanchoe daigremontiana
It is colonized in the nutritive cube that volume is 0.4L, 3 plants of every alms bowl.Test material chooses the iron sheet of well-grown, tool 8-10 piece expansion leaf
Dendrobium nobile and D. primulinum, and the kalanchoe daigremontiana with 16 expansion leaves.Dendrobe cultivation matrix selects sphagna, great Ye landing life
The mixture (volume ratio 3:1) of root cultivation matrix selection vermiculite and perlite.During test, irrigated about after daily sunrise 2h
70mL tap water irrigates weekly 1 equivalent nutrient solution.
Nutrient solution is based on preparing as following formula: Ca (NO3)2·4H2O、KNO3、MgSO4·7H2O、NH4H2PO4、DTPA-Fe-
7、H3BO3、MnSO4·H2O、ZnSO4·7H2O、CuSO4·5H2O、(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O is respectively 205,117,60,201,
29、1.14、0.62、0.09、0.04、0.01mg L-1, nutrient solution EC after mixing is 0.6-0.7mS/cm, pH 5.5-
6.0。
Other common environmental parameters: light dark period is 12h/12h (photophase 8:00-20:00, dark phase 20:00-8:00),
Intensity of illumination is 150 μm of ol m-2s-1, environment temperature is 24 ± 1 DEG C/20 ± 1 DEG C, and relative humidity is 65 ± 10%, CO2Concentration is
400±50μmol mol-1, air velocity is 0.1-0.3m s-1.Above-mentioned environmental condition is regulated and controled using phjytotron.
5 12h/12h brightness are first used to dendrobium candidum, D. primulinum and kalanchoe daigremontiana under environment in the controlled environment chamber
Period (photophase 8:00-20:00, dark phase 20:00-8:00) processing, after the 5th dark phase, is switched to 4h/ for light dark period
4h (photophase 8:00-12:00, dark phase 12:00-16:00；Photophase 16:00-20:00, dark phase 20:00-24:00；Photophase 0:00-4:
00, dark phase 4:00-8:00), it is switched to above-mentioned identical 12h/12h after the 15th dark phase, then by light dark period, then pass through
Terminate after crossing 5 12h/12h light dark periods.CO is continuously monitored during this period2The variation of net exchange rate.
When light dark period is converted to 4h/4h, the CO of dendrobium candidum and D. primulinum from 12h/12h2Net exchange rate is dark
Phase is switched to negative value by positive value, i.e., from CO2Net absorb is switched to net release, and the dark phase CO of kalanchoe daigremontiana2Net exchange rate
It is always positive value (Fig. 1).When light dark period switches back into 12h/12h, the CO of dendrobium candidum and D. primulinum from 4h/4h2Net exchange
Rate is switched to positive value from negative value again in the dark phase, i.e., the CO before still returning to2It is net to absorb, and the dark phase of kalanchoe daigremontiana
CO2Substantial variation does not occur yet for net exchange rate.
Return 12h/12h when light dark period is converted to 4h/4h reconvert from 12h/12h, dendrobium candidum and D. primulinum it is dark
Phase CO2Net exchange rate changes from positive to negative value and becomes positive value again again, and the dark phase CO of the kalanchoe daigremontiana of obligate CAM plants2It is net to hand over
The rate of changing is always positive value (table 1).For obligate CAM plants, light dark period is adjusted anyway, absorbs CO in the dark phase2
Characteristic will not change.Dendrobium candidum and D. primulinum as Facultative CAM plant then may be by regulating and controlling light dark period
It is set to absorb CO in the dark phase2Characteristic occur essential change.
Dark phase CO of 1 light dark period of table to dendrobium candidum, D. primulinum and kalanchoe daigremontiana2The influence of net exchange rate
Note: numerical value is indicated with mean value ± standard deviation.Multiple range test is carried out by Duncan method, different letters indicate significant
Sex differernce (p < 0.05；N=3).
When light dark period is converted to 4h/4h, the dark phase CO of dendrobium candidum from 12h/12h2Net interchange becomes negative value, performance
Typical C3 Photosynthetic Characteristics out, photophase and whole day CO2Net interchange significantly increases；When light dark period is returned from 4h/4h reconvert
After 12h/12h, the dark phase CO of dendrobium candidum2Net interchange backs within net absorption, photophase and whole day CO2Net interchange with
Comparing under light dark period 12h/12h before also has significant raising (Fig. 2).Before and after the induction of 4h/4h light dark period, obligate CAM
The whole day CO of the kalanchoe daigremontiana of plant2There is not significant difference, but the whole day CO of D. primulinum in net interchange2It is net to hand over
The amount of changing but significantly reduces.
Therefore, 4h/4h light dark period can make the photosynthetic pathway of dendrobium candidum and D. primulinum be switched to from CAM approach
C3 approach, the whole day CO of dendrobium candidum after switching2Net interchange significantly increases, and the whole day CO of D. primulinum2Net interchange is significant
It reduces.This may be since the relatively thin blade of dendrobium candidum and biggish mesophyll cell clearance percentage are more advantageous to it to the external world
CO2Absorption, and then opposite (Fig. 3) for D. primulinum.
Embodiment 2
Using dendrobium candidum as test material, while the strawberry of C3 plant (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) being made
Photosynthetic pathway switching regulation test is carried out for control, planting environment is the same as embodiment 1.In the controlled environment chamber to iron sheet stone under environment
Dry measure used in former times and strawberry plants first use 5 12h/12h light dark periods (photophase 8:00-20:00, dark phase 20:00-8:00) to handle, at the 5th
After the dark phase, light dark period is switched to 2h/2h (photophase 8:00-10:00, dark phase 10:00-12:00；Photophase 12:00-14:
00, dark phase 14:00-16:00；Photophase 16:00-18:00, dark phase 18:00-20:00；Photophase 20:00-22:00, dark phase 22:00-
0:00；Photophase 0:00-2:00, dark phase 2:00-4:00；Photophase 4:00-6:00, dark phase 6:00-8:00).Continuous prison during this period
Survey the CO of dendrobium candidum and Strawberry Leaves2Net exchange rate variation.
When light dark period is converted to 2h/2h, the dark phase CO of dendrobium candidum from 12h/12h2Net exchange rate is switched by positive value
For negative value, and the dark phase CO of strawberry2Net exchange rate is negative value (Fig. 4) always.The dark phase CO of dendrobium candidum2Net exchange rate is by just
Value is switched to negative value, and the dark phase CO of strawberry2Net exchange rate is always negative value (table 2).Should the result shows that: light dark period regulate and control nothing
Method changes the photosynthetic pathway of C3 plant, but the photosynthetic pathway of Facultative CAM plant can be regulated to C3 approach from CAM approach.
2 light dark period of table is to dendrobium candidum and the dark phase CO of Strawberry Leaves2The influence of net exchange rate
2h/2h light dark period regulates and controls the whole day CO so that dendrobium candidum2Net interchange dramatically increases, and the whole day CO of strawberry2
Net interchange but significantly reduces (Fig. 5).Therefore, 2h/2h light dark period can make the photosynthetic pathway of dendrobium candidum from CAM approach
It is switched to C3 approach, and the whole day CO of dendrobium candidum may be improved significantly2Net interchange, but C3 plant is not had then same
Effect.
Embodiment 3
To originate in the dendrobium candidum of Jinhua, Zhejiang 2 years institutes of domesticating and cultivating in Beijing China Agricultural University artificial climate room
The high-order bud born is as test material.Dendrobium candidum seedling is divided into 3 groups, light dark period is respectively 12h/12h (i.e. daily
12 photophases hour, 12 hour dark phases, alternately 1 period), (i.e. daily 4 photophases hour, 4 hours are dark by 4h/4h
Phase, alternately 3 periods) and 2h/2h (daily 2 hour photophase, 2 hour dark phases, alternately 6 periods), using gas
Mist cultivation, it is spraying primary every 1 hour, it is sprayed 10 seconds every time, nutrient solution prescription and other environmental parameters are the same as embodiment 1.It weighs
The initial weight of each test specimen and the weight after 60 days calculate its fresh weight increments and relative growth rate.
Compared with cultivating 60 days dendrobium candidum plant under 12h/12h light dark period, in 4h/4h and 2h/2h light dark period
The fresh weight incrementss of the lower dendrobium candidum for cultivating 60 days improve 90%, and relative growth rate then double growth (Fig. 6).Cause
This, 4h/4h and 2h/2h light dark period can promote the accumulation of dendrobium candidum biomass, and effectively shorten its cultivation period.
Embodiment 4
Test material and planting environment and its light dark period setting of dendrobium candidum are with embodiment 3, but planting time extends
By 150 days, fresh weight incrementss, dry weight incrementss, polyoses content and the polysaccharide yield of each test sample were measured at the 150th day.
Compared with cultivating 150 days dendrobium candidum plant under 12h/12h light dark period, in 4h/4h and 2h/2h light dark period
The fresh weight incrementss and dry weight incrementss of the lower dendrobium candidum for cultivating 150 days improve 1 times, cultivate 150 under 2h/2h light dark period
For it dendrobium candidum plant while guaranteeing higher polyoses content, polysaccharide yield improves 1 times (Fig. 7).Therefore, 4h/4h
It can promote the accumulation of dendrobium candidum biomass with 2h/2h light dark period, and effectively shorten its cultivation period, 2h/2h brightness week
Phase can obtain higher biological yield and polysaccharide yield while guaranteeing the polyoses content of dendrobium candidum.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method using light dark period regulation specified plant photosynthetic pathway switching, are as follows: being regulated and controled by short light dark period will
Specified plant is induced from facultative CAM plant photosynthetic pathway into C3 photosynthetic pathway；
Wherein, the short light dark period is the light dark period less than or equal to 4h/4h.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized by: the light dark period less than or equal to 4h/4h includes 4h/
4h, 2h/2h light dark period；
4h/4h indicates daily 4 photophases hour, 4 hour dark phases；Alternately 3 periods；
2h/2h indicates daily 2 photophases hour, 2 hour dark phases；Alternately 6 periods.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the specified plant are as follows: Facultative CAM plant.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized by: the Facultative CAM plant is dendrobium candidum or D. primulinum.
5. method according to any of claims 1-4, it is characterised in that: the intensity of illumination of photophase are as follows: 100-200 μ
mol m-2s-1, the environment temperature of photophase and dark phase are as follows: and 24 ± 1 DEG C/20 ± 1 DEG C, relative humidity are as follows: 65 ± 10%, CO2Concentration
Are as follows: 400 ± 50 μm of ol mol-1, air velocity are as follows: 0.1-0.3m s-1。
6. the method for any of claims 1-5 using light dark period regulation specified plant photosynthetic pathway switching is in spy
Determine the application in plant culture；The specified plant is Facultative CAM plant.
7. application according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the application is in promotion Facultative CAM plant with C3 approach
It carries out photosynthetic application, improve dendrobium candidum or the facultative CAM plant similar with dendrobium candidum blade construction and photosynthesis characteristics plant
The biomass accumulation of object application and/or shorten its cultivation period application, promotion specified plant effective medicinal components content or
The application of yield.
8. a kind of CO by improving specified plant whole day2Net interchange to promote the method for its growth and development, are as follows: use short light
Dark cycle regulating induces specified plant at C3 photosynthetic pathway, to improve the CO of its whole day from facultative CAM plant photosynthetic pathway2Net exchange
Amount is to promote its growth and development；
The specified plant is dendrobium candidum or the Dendrobium Sw similar with dendrobium candidum blade construction and photosynthesis characteristics or simultaneous
Property CAM plants.
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