CN109848560B - Laser-arc composite heat source device and welding method thereof - Google Patents
Laser-arc composite heat source device and welding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109848560B CN109848560B CN201910205013.5A CN201910205013A CN109848560B CN 109848560 B CN109848560 B CN 109848560B CN 201910205013 A CN201910205013 A CN 201910205013A CN 109848560 B CN109848560 B CN 109848560B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser-arc composite heat source device and a welding method thereof, and the laser-arc composite heat source device comprises a laser head, an arc welding gun and a movement mechanism for adjusting the relative position of the laser head and the arc welding gun, wherein the movement mechanism comprises an arc rod, a movement unit and an annular unit, the movement unit comprises an X-direction movement unit, a Y-direction movement unit and an XZ surface included angle movement unit, and the device can be used for combined welding of two or more layers of overlapped plates, especially for welding of plates with a coating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser-arc composite heat source device and a welding method thereof, belonging to the technical field of welding equipment.
Background
Coating materials, such as galvanized steel sheets, have been widely used in the fields of automobiles, home appliances, buildings, and the like because of their excellent corrosion resistance.
In the automotive industry, steel sheet materials used for body-in-white typically contain a zinc coating on the surface, such as electrogalvanizing, hot galvanizing, galvannealing, and the like. The conventional method for welding the material combination is resistance spot welding, which is a welding method that uses a copper electrode to press the materials from the upper and lower surfaces of a lap material plate by using thousands of newtons of pressure, and then uses contact resistance between the materials to generate heat and melt to realize connection by using thousands of amperes or even larger welding current. The welding method needs double-sided operation, needs different electrodes and welding guns according to different material combinations, and has high energy consumption and large carbon dioxide emission.
The light weight and energy conservation and emission reduction of automobiles are the development directions of automobile manufacturing, so a new welding method with less energy consumption is needed. Meanwhile, new lightweight automotive materials, such as ultra-high strength steel, have problems of cracks, large spatters and the like during resistance spot welding, and thus new and more effective welding methods are required.
Laser welding has been used more and more in the automotive industry in recent decades as a green welding method with high efficiency, high flexibility and low energy consumption. However, in the process of the zero-gap lap welding of the galvanized steel sheet by using the laser alone, zinc with low boiling point (907 ℃) of a zinc coating at a lap interface is evaporated to form high-pressure zinc vapor, so that the defects of splashing, holes and the like of a welding line can be caused. In order to apply laser, a laser trimming process (laser trimming) for manufacturing bumps is used in actual production, and the laser trimming process increases fixed asset investment and reduces production efficiency. More importantly, even if the pretreatment process is used, welding of the shape of the weld joint such as a short line and a C shape can be performed, and a weld joint having a circular weld joint shape with higher strength cannot be obtained.
In order to expand the application of laser welding technology, reduce production cost and solve the problems of zero-gap lap joint laser welding of galvanized steel sheets and welding defects and poor performance of ultrahigh-strength steel, new welding products and welding methods are needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a laser-arc composite device, the action positions of laser and arc can be adjusted at will, and meanwhile, a method is provided for replacing resistance spot welding, improving the welding strength and the welding efficiency and solving the problem of welding the existing plates, especially the plates containing a coating.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the laser-arc composite heat source device comprises a laser head, an arc welding gun and a moving mechanism for adjusting the relative position of the laser head and the arc welding gun, wherein the moving mechanism comprises an arc rod, a moving unit and an annular unit, and the moving unit comprises an X-direction moving unit, a Y-direction moving unit and an XZ surface included angle moving unit.
Furthermore, the XZ included angle motion unit is installed on the arc rod, the X direction motion unit is installed on the annular unit, the Y direction motion unit is connected to one end of the arc rod, and the other end of the Y direction motion unit is connected with the X direction motion unit.
Furthermore, the laser arc composite heat source device also comprises an electromagnetic adjusting mechanism, and the position of each moving unit of the moving mechanism is controlled by software, so that the relative position of the tip of the arc welding gun and the focus of the laser beam can be automatically adjusted in the welding process; the laser head is connected with the laser through an optical fiber, and the arc welding gun generates electric arc between a tungsten electrode or a welding wire and a workpiece.
The invention provides a method for performing combined welding of two or more layers of overlapped plates by adopting a laser-arc composite heat source device, which comprises the following steps:
(a) generating an arc on the upper surface of the upper plate by an arc welding gun and acting continuously or in a pulse form for a period of time, wherein the overall range of action time from arc striking to arc extinguishing is 0.1 to 5 seconds, preferably 0.5 to 2 seconds;
(b) applying one or more laser beams to the center of the arcing region for a total application time of 0.1 to 5 seconds, preferably from 0.3 to 2 seconds, either continuously or in the form of pulses;
(c) the weld zone cools and solidifies to form a weld between the sheet combinations.
Further, the laser beam and the arc welding gun are welded in a fixed circumferential range on the surface of the material, and the shape of the welding seam comprises but is not limited to a round dot shape or an oval shape.
Further, the method for welding two or more layers of overlapped plates by combining the laser and arc composite heat source device further comprises the steps of firstly performing the arc action and then performing the laser action after the arc action is stopped.
Furthermore, the method for carrying out the combined welding of the two or more layers of overlapped plates by the laser-arc composite heat source device also comprises the step of partially or completely overlapping the start-stop time range of the action of the electric arc and the laser on the surface of the workpiece.
Furthermore, the method for welding two or more layers of overlapped plates by the laser-arc composite heat source device further comprises the steps that an arc welding gun firstly generates electric arcs on the surface of a workpiece, in the process, a movement mechanism controls the welding gun to move so that the electric arcs move within a certain range, then the electric arcs stop, and a laser head emits a laser beam with a large-size light spot to act on an area which is acted by the electric arcs so as to generate a molten pool and form welding seam connection.
Furthermore, the diameter of the large-size light spot acting on the surface of the workpiece is 0.8-5.0 mm, and the large-size light spot moves in a circumference range of 15 mm in the process of electric arc action.
Further, the laser arc composite heat source device of the present invention performs a two-layer or multi-layer lap joint sheet material combination welding method, wherein the lap joint sheet material contains a coating layer, and the coating layer comprises but is not limited to a hot galvanizing layer, an electro-galvanizing layer, an alloying galvanizing layer, an aluminum-silicon coating layer, an aluminum-magnesium-zinc coating layer or an aluminum oxide coating layer.
It is to be understood that within the scope of the present invention, the above-described features of the present invention and those specifically described below (e.g., in the examples) may be combined with each other to form new or preferred embodiments. Not to be reiterated herein, but to the extent of space.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the coating between the combined interfaces of the overlapped materials is partially ablated and oxidized by the preheating action of an electric arc heat source, and the multilayer materials are melted by the high energy density of laser, so that the adverse effects of the coating, such as molten pool explosion caused by high-pressure steam of a zinc coating, can be eliminated.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other alternative embodiments can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of the inventive device in combination with a welding material.
FIG. 2 shows a photograph of a cross-section of a weld joint assembly after preheating using a single arc.
FIG. 3 shows a photograph of a cross-section of a weld spot formed by laser action after preheating using an electric arc.
FIG. 4 shows a photograph of the surface of four welds formed by laser action after preheating using an electric arc.
The reference numbers, 1-laser head, 11-laser beam, 12-focusing module, 13-laser head connecting part, 2-arc welding gun, 21-tungsten electrode or welding wire, 22-arc welding gun connecting part, 3-motion mechanism, 31-arc rod, 32-XZ surface included angle motion unit, 33-Y direction motion unit, 34-X direction motion unit, 35-annular unit, 4-plate, 41-plate 4 upper surface, 42-plate 4 lower surface, 5-plate, 51-plate 5 upper surface, 52-plate 5 lower surface, 45-plate 4 lower surface 42 and plate 5 upper surface 51 form an interface of lap welding combination.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, the drawings are schematic and, thus, the apparatus and devices of the present invention are not limited by the size or scale of the schematic.
It is to be noted that in the claims and the description of the present patent, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the use of the verb "comprise a" to define an element does not exclude the presence of another, same element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Examples
As shown in attached figure 1, the device of the invention consists of a laser head 1, an arc welding gun 2 and a movement mechanism 3.
The laser head 1 is connected with an operating optical fiber of a laser through a connecting part 13, inputs laser energy, and outputs a laser beam 11 through modules such as collimation and spot shaping and a focusing module 12.
The arc welding torch 2 is connected to an arc welding power source through a connection member 22, and can be connected to a wire feeding mechanism and a shielding gas line at the same time, and then generates an arc through a tungsten electrode or a welding wire 21 and the surface of the workpiece 4 via a torch rod and a torch tip. The length of the tungsten electrode or the welding wire 21 extending out of the welding nozzle can be adjusted at will through a pumping mechanism in the welding gun to meet the requirements of different welding processes, and the preferred extending length range is 5 mm to 20 mm.
The laser head 1 and the arc welding gun 2 are synchronized through signal control software and hardware such as a programmable controller in communication, and a mature scheme is already provided in the market in the aspect of communication, so that the implementation of the device can be realized.
1. the arc welding gun 2 can rotate on the arc rod 31 of the movement mechanism 3 by taking the end point of the tungsten electrode or the welding wire 21 in a certain length as the center of a circle, so that the included angle between the arc welding gun 2 and the laser head 1 on the XZ surface is adjusted, and the adjustment range of the included angle is changed from 15 degrees to 75 degrees.
2. The position of the arc welding gun 2 on the circle center and the radial direction of the arc rod is adjusted by the XZ plane included angle movement unit 32.
3. The arc welding torch 2 is rotatable circumferentially around the center axis of the laser beam 11 by the circumferential movement of the Y-direction moving unit 33 and the X-direction moving unit 34 on the ring unit 35.
4. The position of the arc welding torch 2 in the X direction is adjusted by the X-direction moving unit 34, and the X-direction moving unit 34 moves in the X direction with respect to the ring unit 35 within a moving range of 0 to 15 mm.
5. The position of the arc welding torch 2 in the Y direction is adjusted by the unit 33 to a movement range of 0 to 15 mm, and the Y-direction moving unit 33 is moved in the Y direction with respect to the X-direction moving unit 34.
6. The position of the arc welding torch 2 in the Z direction is adjusted by the ring unit 35, and the ring unit 35 moves in the Z direction relative to the laser head 1 within a movement range of 0 to 30 mm.
In fig. 1, a material composition for illustrating the welding test of the present invention comprises a plate 4 and a plate 5, wherein the plate 4 comprises an upper surface 41 and a lower surface 42, the plate 5 comprises an upper surface 51 and a lower surface 52, and the lower surface 42 of the plate 4 and the upper surface 51 of the plate 5 form an interface 45 of the lap-welded composition. In the case of the galvanized steel sheet material, the upper and lower surfaces of the sheet material 4 and the sheet material 5 are respectively provided with a galvanized layer having a thickness of 2 to 50 micrometers, preferably 5 to 25 micrometers.
The welding process can be divided into two steps of arc preheating and laser welding, which will be separately performed in the following description. It is to be noted that in the actual welding process, the two steps may overlap, and welding wire may be added, shielding gas may be provided, and the welding of the relevant material combinations may be achieved by utilizing the functions of the apparatus of the present invention.
In the arc preheating step, the tungsten electrode or the welding wire 21 generates an arc on the upper surface 41 of the plate 4, the energy of the arc heats the plate 4, the zinc coating on the surface 41 near the arc heat source evaporates and escapes, the base steel material is also melted, and heat is conducted to the surroundings. The temperature at the interface 45 increases as heat is transferred to the sheet 5, and as the temperature increases further, the zinc coating on the lower surface 42 of the sheet 4 and the upper surface 51 of the sheet 5 gradually evaporates and escapes, wherein part of the zinc is oxidized. After the arc preheating step, the interface 45 forms a zinc (Zn) removal zone as shown in fig. 2, thereby stabilizing the subsequent welding process.
During the arc preheating step, the position of the end of the tungsten electrode or wire 21 is kept fixed and the arc is applied for a period of time ranging from 0.1 to 5 seconds, preferably from 0.5 to 2 seconds. Or the position of the arc-shaped part is moved according to the existing direction of the motion function in the process of arc action so as to change the position of the arc action. The specific position moving mode and range are set according to different welding material combinations, and can be controlled by a background software programming program.
After the arc preheating, laser welding is performed. After the arc action has ceased, the end position of the tungsten electrode or welding wire 21 is moved out of the beam path of the laser beam 11, the laser beam 11 being output and acting on the previously arc-acted area in the form of a pulsed or continuous laser for a time ranging from 0.1 to 5 seconds, preferably from 0.3 to 2 seconds. In the process, the action position of the laser beam is kept unchanged or moved within a circle with the diameter of 15 mm, and the moving position is set and controlled according to the action position of the electric arc before. The cross-section of the weld formed after the laser energy was applied to the arc preheated specimen shown in FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 3. The surface topography of the weld points is shown in fig. 4, and a set of weld points with the same topography can be obtained by using the same apparatus and method.
In another preferred embodiment, the laser beam 11 is applied to the surface 41 of the sheet 4 before the electric arc action ceases, so that a similar welding effect can be achieved.
In another preferred embodiment, the welding wire 21 is stopped in the beam path of the laser beam 11 after the arc action is stopped, and part of the laser energy is applied to the welding wire 21 during the laser action, thereby achieving the need for adding alloying elements to the weld area.
In another preferred embodiment, the arc welding torch nozzle that delivers the tungsten electrode or wire 21 simultaneously delivers the welding shielding gas to provide protection to the weld area from oxidation and the like.
Although the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. A method for carrying out the combined welding of a plurality of layers of lap joint plates by adopting a laser-arc composite heat source device is characterized in that,
the laser arc composite heat source device comprises a laser head (1), an arc welding gun (2), a movement mechanism (3) for adjusting the relative position of the laser head and the arc welding gun and an electromagnetic adjusting mechanism;
the motion mechanism (3) comprises an arc rod (31), a motion unit and an annular unit (35), wherein the motion unit comprises an X-direction motion unit (34), a Y-direction motion unit (33) and an XZ plane included angle motion unit (32);
the XZ surface included angle movement unit (32) is installed on the arc rod (31), the X-direction movement unit (34) is installed on the annular unit (35), one end of the Y-direction movement unit (33) is connected to the arc rod (31), and the other end of the Y-direction movement unit is connected with the X-direction movement unit (34);
the electromagnetic adjusting mechanism controls the position of each moving unit of the moving mechanism (3) by using software to realize the automatic adjustment of the relative position of the tip of the arc welding gun and the focus of the laser beam in the welding process, and
the method comprises the following steps:
(a) generating electric arcs on the upper surface of the upper plate through an arc welding gun and acting for a period of time continuously or in a pulse mode, wherein the integral range of the acting time from arc starting to arc extinguishing is 0.1-5 seconds;
(b) applying single or multiple laser beams to the center of the arc action area for 0.1-5 seconds or in pulse mode;
(c) cooling and solidifying the welding area to form a welding seam between the plate combinations;
the arc welding gun firstly generates electric arcs on the surface of a workpiece, in the process, the movement mechanism controls the arc welding gun to move so that the electric arcs move in a certain range, then the electric arcs stop, the laser head emits a laser beam with a large-size light spot to act on an area which is acted by the electric arcs, a molten pool is generated, and welding seam connection is formed;
the diameter of the spot of the large-size light spot acting on the surface of the workpiece is 0.8-5.0 mm, and the electric arc moves in a circumference range of 15 mm in the electric arc action process.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the laser beam and the arc welding gun are used for welding in a fixed circumferential range on the surface of the material, and the shape of the welding seam comprises a circular dot shape or an oval shape.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the arc action is performed first, and the laser action is performed after the arc action is stopped.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the electric arc is partially or completely coincided with the starting and stopping time range of the laser beam acting on the surface of the workpiece.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the lap-jointed plate comprises a coating, wherein the coating comprises a hot galvanizing layer, an electro-galvanizing layer, an alloying galvanizing layer, an aluminum-silicon coating, an aluminum-magnesium-zinc coating or an aluminum oxide coating.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the laser head is connected with the laser through an optical fiber, and the arc welding gun generates electric arc between a tungsten electrode or a welding wire and a workpiece.
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| CN111515530B (en) * | 2020-05-19 | 2022-05-10 | 上海工程技术大学 | Laser wire feeding welding method for aluminum-silicon coating hot forming steel |
| CN111618438A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2020-09-04 | 南京航空航天大学 | Magnetic field assisted double-laser-TIG coupling bilateral synchronous welding device and method |
| CN113146046A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-07-23 | 华中科技大学 | Ultrahigh-power laser-arc/welding wire double-swing welding method and device |
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| JP3115456B2 (en) * | 1993-07-13 | 2000-12-04 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | Laser welding method for galvanized steel sheet |
| CN1181523A (en) * | 1996-06-11 | 1998-05-13 | 黄韶波 | Permanent-magnet electromagnetic regulation actuator |
| CN2264434Y (en) * | 1996-06-12 | 1997-10-08 | 黄韶波 | Permanent-magnet electromagnetic regulating actuating mechanism |
| JP4889224B2 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2012-03-07 | 日新製鋼株式会社 | Method for producing tailored blanks |
| JP5191117B2 (en) * | 2006-11-30 | 2013-04-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Laser welding method |
| JP5292921B2 (en) * | 2008-05-28 | 2013-09-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Laser welding method and laser welding apparatus |
| US20130087543A1 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | Apparatus and method for post weld laser release of gas build up in a gmaw weld |
| CN103056533B (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2015-04-15 | 华中科技大学 | Oscillatory scanning laser beam-electric arc hybrid welding method and system |
| CN103111781A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-05-22 | 鞍山煜宸科技有限公司 | Laser-electric arc composite welding head adjusting device |
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| CN106065985B (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2017-12-29 | 南陵旺科知识产权运营有限公司 | It is a kind of can accurate adjustment equipment support mechanism |
| CN107030382B (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2018-10-02 | 长沙理工大学 | A kind of galvanized steel plain sheet laser splices welding method |
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