CN109844678A - 用户接口装置 - Google Patents

用户接口装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109844678A
CN109844678A CN201780057639.5A CN201780057639A CN109844678A CN 109844678 A CN109844678 A CN 109844678A CN 201780057639 A CN201780057639 A CN 201780057639A CN 109844678 A CN109844678 A CN 109844678A
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user
trigger
interface device
handle portion
robotic manipulator
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CN109844678B (zh
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R·A·卡思伯森
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Cambridge Medical Robotics Ltd
CMR Surgical Ltd
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CMR Surgical Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G9/04785Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks the controlling member being the operating part of a switch arrangement
    • G05G9/04788Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks the controlling member being the operating part of a switch arrangement comprising additional control elements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/04Controlling members for hand actuation by pivoting movement, e.g. levers
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/02Hand grip control means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/02Hand grip control means
    • B25J13/025Hand grip control means comprising haptic means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J13/00Controls for manipulators
    • B25J13/08Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
    • B25J13/085Force or torque sensors
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G1/00Controlling members, e.g. knobs or handles; Assemblies or arrangements thereof; Indicating position of controlling members
    • G05G1/04Controlling members for hand actuation by pivoting movement, e.g. levers
    • G05G1/06Details of their grip parts
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G5/00Means for preventing, limiting or returning the movements of parts of a control mechanism, e.g. locking controlling member
    • G05G5/03Means for enhancing the operator's awareness of arrival of the controlling member at a command or datum position; Providing feel, e.g. means for creating a counterforce
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G9/04737Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks with six degrees of freedom
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/04766Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks providing feel, e.g. indexing means, means to create counterforce
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • G05G2009/04774Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks with additional switches or sensors on the handle

Abstract

一种用于控制机器人操纵器的用户接口装置,所述机器人操纵器具有包括至少一个可移动元件的末端执行器,所述用户接口装置包括:供用户握持的主体,所述主体包括细长的手柄部分,所述细长的手柄部分被构造成由用户的第二至第四手指中的一个或多个抓握;触发器,所述触发器相对于所述手柄部分的伸长方向横向地延伸,所述触发器由所述主体支撑以便能够相对于所述主体绕穿过所述手柄部分的旋转轴线旋转;以及至少部分地容纳在所述手柄部分中的驱动机构,所述驱动机构联接到所述触发器以向所述触发器施加扭矩。

Description

用户接口装置
本发明涉及用于控制诸如主从操纵器之类的机器人系统的用户接口装置。
用户接口装置的常见任务是控制物体在二维或三维中的移动。该物体可以是真实物体,或者是虚拟物体,例如游戏中的角色或模拟的车辆。对像这样的装置来说,方便的表现形式是造型形式,该造型形式被成形为自然地适配用户的一只或两只手。这种装置可以承载一系列按钮,用户可以借助于这些按钮提供输入。另外,该装置可以包含加速计,该加速计允许用户通过移动装置本身来提供输入。这种类型的装置通常作为游戏控制台的控制器。示例包括微软Xbox控制器、任天堂Wii遥控器和Wii双截棍(Nunchuck)、索尼DualShockPlayStation控制器和索尼移动控制器。图1示意性地示出了这种控制器的一个示例。图1的控制器包括造型壳体1。该壳体的侧边缘2是曲线型的,以便同时自然地适配用户双手的手掌。该壳体的侧向部分3向后延伸超过该壳体的中央部分4。这允许用户手指的更多尺骨围绕后部分延伸,从而有助于用户牢固地握持该装置。该壳体的中央部分4承载多个输入按钮5,这些输入按钮5可以由以正常方式握持控制器的用户的拇指访问。
在设计这种类型的控制器时,人体工程学考虑是非常重要的。一些优选的特征是:
-控制器的形状对于不同手尺寸的用户握持都应该是舒适的;
-当用户以预期方式握持该装置时,应当容易地触及这些按钮;
-装置的形状应直观地向用户指示如何握持该装置。
优选地,这些特征对于这种类型的装置是特别优化的,因为它们可以长时间连续使用。这种类型的控制器的人体工程学设计中的重要因素是它们的重量由用户的手承受。这尤其影响用户前臂中的肌肉负荷,而这会影响用户将感到舒适的形状和可能引起拉伤的运动。
图2示出了一种已知的用于主从操纵器的控制器,该主从操纵器具有包括一对可移动钳爪的末端执行器。控制器具有主输入柄10。该主输入柄构成了万向节系统1的远端,该万向节系统允许主输入柄以三个旋转自由度移动。万向节系统的近端通过平行四边形系统附接至基座,该平行四边形系统的一部分以12示出,这允许主输入柄相对于基座以三个平移自由度移动。该主输入柄设置有两个可旋转元件13、14,它们可由圈环15结合到操作者的手指上。操作者可以以六个自由度移动主输入柄10以命令末端执行器进行位置改变,并且可以移动元件13、14以命令末端执行器的钳爪打开或闭合。这种类型的输入装置的一个难题是,如果用户的前臂没有被支撑,则使用起来可能很累。可以为用户的前臂提供休息部,但是这限制了用户可以采用的工作位置。
需要一种改进设计的输入装置,例如比现有设计使用起来更舒适的设计。
根据本发明,提供了一种用于控制机器人操纵器的用户接口装置,所述机器人操纵器具有包括至少一个可移动元件的末端执行器,所述用户接口装置包括:供用户握持的主体,所述主体包括细长的手柄部分,所述细长的手柄部分被构造成由用户的第二至第四手指中的一个或多个抓握;触发器,所述触发器相对于所述手柄部分的伸长方向横向地延伸,所述触发器由所述主体支撑以便能够相对于所述主体绕穿过所述手柄部分的旋转轴线旋转;以及至少部分地容纳在所述手柄部分中的驱动机构,所述驱动机构联接到所述触发器以向所述触发器施加扭矩。
所述主体可以被构造成在正常使用中由用户的单手抓握。
所述主体可以包括附接至所述手柄部分的头部部分。所述头部部分可以被定位成位于所述触发器旁边。
所述头部部分可以在其与所述触发器相对的一侧限定有凹部,所述凹部被构造成用于接收抓握所述手柄部分的用户的拇指。
所述触发器可以相对于所述手柄部分定位,以供抓握所述手柄部分的用户的第一手指接合。
所述驱动机构可以包括马达。所述马达可以被布置成向所述触发器施加力。所述马达的大部分体积可以位于所述手柄部分内。所述触发器可以被布置成相对于所述主体围绕旋转轴线旋转。所述旋转轴线可以与所述马达的所述旋转轴线平行,并且可选地与所述马达的旋转轴线同轴。
所述驱动机构可以包括齿轮箱。所述齿轮箱的大部分体积可以位于所述手柄部分内。
所述驱动机构可以终止于驱动轴。所述驱动轴可以与所述触发器的旋转轴线重合。所述触发器可以由所述驱动轴承载。所述驱动机构可以被构造成通过所述驱动轴向所述触发器施加扭矩。
所述手柄部分可以具有伸长轴线。所述手柄部分可以满足以下标准中的一个或两个:(i)垂直于该轴线的最小周长为40mm;和(ii)垂直于该轴线的最大周长为160mm。
所述手柄部分沿所述伸长轴线的长度可大于50mm。
所述用户接口装置可以包括用于感测所述触发器相对于所述主体的位置的位置传感器。
所述用户接口装置可以包括用于感测施加在所述触发器和所述主体之间的力的力传感器。
根据本发明的第二方面,提供了一种机器人操纵器系统,该机器人操纵器系统包括:如上所述的用户接口装置;包括至少一个传感器的机器人操纵器;以及控制单元,该控制单元被构造成用来控制所述驱动单元以根据从所述传感器接收的信号借助于所述触发器向所述用户接口装置的用户提供力反馈。
所述传感器可以是力传感器,所述力传感器被构造成用来检测施加到由所述机器人操纵器承载的末端执行器的一部分的力。
所述末端执行器可以是由所述机器人操纵器承载的外科器械的末端执行器。
所述控制单元可以被构造成用来根据从所述用户接口装置的所述传感器或所述传感器之一接收的输入来控制所述机器人操纵器的一部分的运动。
所述控制单元可以被构造成用来根据从所述用户接口装置的所述传感器或所述传感器之一接收的输入来控制所述末端执行器的该部分的运动。
现在将参照附图通过示例方式描述本发明。在附图中:
图1示出了游戏控制器。
图2示出了用于主从操纵器的控制器的一种形式。
图3从前面(图3a)、左侧(图3b)、后面(图3c)、右侧(图3d)、上面(图3e)和下面(图3f)示出了控制装置。
图4是图3的控制装置的上左前的斜视图。
图5示出了机器人操纵器系统。
图6是穿过图3的控制器的局部剖视图。
图3和图4的控制装置20被设计成被握持在用户的手中,以便(i)通过控制装置的主体21的平移和旋转提供三维运动输入;以及(ii)根据触发器杆22相对于控制装置的主体的位置提供功能输入。
为了便于说明,将参照在图3a和图3b中指示的相互正交的X、Y和Z轴来描述控制器。X轴是控制器的前/后轴线。Y轴是控制器的左/右轴线。Z轴是控制器的上/下轴线。
在该示例中,控制装置旨在被抓握在右手中。镜像的控制装置可以旨在供左手抓握。控制装置的主体21具有头部23和手柄24。手柄24坐置在用户的手的手掌中。用户的第二至第四个手指环绕该手柄。用户的第一个手指/食指放置在输入杆或触发器22上。用户的拇指放置在头部与输入杆相反的一侧。这种类型的装置的用户接受测试已经确定许多用户自然地以这种方式拿起和握持这种装置,其中他们的手腕处于中间位置,他们的拇指与他们的手指相对。这带来的结果是,对于三维运动输入,用户的手腕以屈曲、伸展、内收和外展的方式自由移动;而当用户朝向控制装置的主体21按压输入杆22时,通过用户的拇指和食指之间的夹捏动作进行该按压,这可以有助于在杆被定位时使用户的手相对于控制器的主体稳定。
手柄24可以是任何方便的形状:例如大致圆柱形形式。手柄24可具有圆形、椭圆形、正方形或不规则的横截面。该手柄可以被构造成由一个、两个或三个手指抓握,但是优选的是,它被构造成由三个手指抓握,因为这有助于牢固且舒适地握持控制器。该手柄优选地被构造成由用户手指的更多尺骨抓握。可以为不同大小的手提供不同的控制器,但是对于许多用户来说,在60mm和150mm之间的长度上具有80mm和180mm之间的周长的手柄会是舒适的。手柄可以在其前表面上结合肋,这些肋在它们之间限定通道以在握持控制器时罩住用户的手指。这可以提高舒适度,并且对于用户手腕的涉及旋前或旋后的旋转来说有助于稳定控制器。手柄比头部更细。在垂直于手柄延伸范围的横截面中,手柄可以是大致圆形的。例如,手柄的形状可以是这样的,即:在垂直于手柄长度的所有横截面中,手柄在该横截面中的最大宽度比手柄在该横截面中的深度大不超过30%。
头部23刚性地附接至手掌手柄。头部和手掌手柄可以是共同壳体的一部分。头部向手柄的前方延伸。头部在X方向上的长度可以例如在50mm到150mm的范围内。这为用户提供了足够的空间来沿着头部的一侧对准他们的第一手指,而不会使头部过于笨重。而且,如果头部以这种方式确定尺寸,即具有与用户的手相似的比例,则头部在X方向上延伸的事实为用户提供了沿着头部的一侧握持他们的食指的视觉指示。
沿着头部的右侧面是触发器杆22。触发器杆安装在头部上,使得该触发器杆可以相对于头部绕轴线(例如轴线25a、25b中的一个(见图3d和图3e))旋转。在轴线25a的情况下,该轴线大致延伸穿过手柄部分24。它大致沿手柄部分的伸长方向延伸。在轴线25b的情况下,轴线25与控制器的Z轴对准。触发器向旋转轴线25a/25b的前方延伸。触发器的前端部27远离该旋转轴线。当如预期那样握持控制器时,触发器的前端部可被控制器的用户的第一手指接合,使得用户可通过第一手指的屈曲将触发器的前端部按压到头部中。触发器的长度优选为这样,即:使触发器的旋转轴线和触发器的最前面的面向外的点之间的距离在40mm至120mm的范围内。触发器例如通过作用在头部和触发器之间的片簧或螺旋弹簧26而被远离头部的中心X-Z平面弹性地偏压。在其静止位置,触发器延伸出头部的轮廓,如图3d所示。当触发器处于其静止位置时,在触发器的自由端部和控制器的头部之间留有间隙。以这种方式定位触发器可以为用户提供视觉提示,以在第一次拿起控制器时将他们的第一手指安放在触发器上。触发器的前端部可以位于头部的前端部的前面。或者,头部的前端部可位于触发器前端部的前面。
轴线25b具有潜在的优点在于,当控制器如预期那样被用户握持时,该轴线可以基本上平行于用户的手的第一手指的腕骨-掌骨关节在控制器上的移动轴线。然而,轴线25a具有其它优点,这将在下面进一步讨论。
触发器可以以其它方式铰接。例如,它可以线性移动:它可以是位于头部的前端部附近的按钮。或者,它可以是附接至头部的外部的触敏面板。触发器可以保持位于头部的轮廓内(而不是延伸出头部的轮廓),同时暴露于头部的外部,从而它可以被用户的手指接合。触发器可设置有允许用户在第一手指的延伸下移动其的手指圈环,而不是被弹性地偏压,。
在头部内设置位置传感器以感测触发器相对于头部的位置。位置传感器可以在二进制的基础上来感测位置:它可以简单地区分触发器的相对向外和相对向内的位置。更优选地,传感器可以区分触发器的一系列范围,从而允许传感器更精确地指示触发器被按压的程度。位置传感器可以是围绕触发器的旋转轴线布置的旋转编码器或电位计。除了位置传感器之外或代替位置传感器,控制器可以包括力和/或扭矩传感器,以检测围绕轴线25施加到触发器的力和/或施加到触发器的扭矩。
当控制器如预期那样被握持时,用户的拇指沿着控制器的与触发器相反的一侧延伸。这允许用户的拇指在用户的食指的作用下对抗触发器的运动。实际上,用户通常不需要用他们的拇指施加力来对抗食指的屈曲。然而,已经发现,在触发器接头的两侧处的部分上施加力的能力可以允许用户更精确地移动触发器。它还可以有助于稳定用户手中的控制器。沿着头部的左上侧的凹部28容纳用户的拇指。
可以在头部的外部上设置附加的用户接口输入装置。例如,可以有一个或多个按钮、旋钮、操纵杆、摇臂开关等。方便地,这些可布置在当用户的手位于控制器上的适当位置时用户的拇指可接近的头部区域中。即在右手控制器的情况下,这通常是控制器的左上侧。一个或多个输入装置可位于触发器22上或附近,以由用户的第一手指进行致动。一个或多个输入装置可位于触发器22上或附近,以由用户的其它手指进行致动。如果手柄24被构造成由少于三个手指抓握,则便于那些手指的一个或多个输入装置可以位于头部的下部分。诸如按钮、操纵杆和摇臂开关之类的输入装置可以位于头部的上表面上。
总之,当用户正确地将图3的控制器握持在他们的右手中时:
i.它们的第五至第二手指中的一个或多个环绕手柄24。这使控制器相对于用户的手稳定。
ii.用户的第一手指沿控制器的头部的右侧面延伸,以对触发器22施加向左的力。
iii.用户的拇指沿着控制器的头部的左侧面延伸。处于该位置的用户拇指可以有助于用户使触发器进行更精确的移动。此外,可以定位另外的用户接口输入装置,以由用户的拇指进行致动。
控制器的头部的后部与手柄的后部是连续的。控制器的头部的前部在手柄的最前部分的前面延伸。控制器的头部附接至手柄的顶部。头部不在手柄的顶部的下面延伸。手柄从头部向下延伸。其它构造也是可能的。
图3的控制器旨在用作用于控制机器人操纵器的输入装置。机器人操纵器可以如图5所示。图5的机器人操纵器具有从基座31延伸的臂30。该臂沿着其长度通过一系列旋转接头铰接。在臂的远端处是终止于末端执行器的器械32。在该示例中,该末端执行器具有一对相对的钳爪33。这些钳爪可以相对于彼此移动以夹持或切割位于钳爪之间的物体。所述钳爪可由位于臂的远端处的驱动马达34驱动而移动。驱动马达通过沿器械的轴的内部延伸的缆线联接到钳爪。机器人由控制单元35支配。该控制单元从图3的控制器20和其它源例如运动连杆36和臂位置/力传感器37接收输入。
运动连杆36是铰接连杆,该铰接连杆支撑控制器20并允许控制器20以六个自由度移动。运动连杆的构造可以由连杆上的传感器检测并传递到控制单元35。这样,控制器20的移动可用于控制臂的移动。代替运动连杆36,控制器20可以配备有加速计,该加速计允许估计控制器20的位置和定向。
控制单元包括处理器38,该处理器38执行以非瞬态形式存储在存储器39中的代码。在执行代码时,处理器确定一组信号,以根据来自控制器、运动连杆和臂位置/力传感器的输入来命令机器人的关节的移动并且移动器械的钳爪33。该代码被配置成使得机器人的运动本质上由来自控制器和运动连杆的输入来指示。例如,在正常操作模式中(i)末端执行器的姿态可以由控制器绕其旋转自由度的姿态来设定;(ii)末端执行器的位置可以由控制器绕其平移自由度的位置来设定;以及(iii)钳爪的配置可由触发器22相对于主体21的位置来设定。
图6示出了穿过图3的控制器的局部剖视面。在图6中,控制器的主体在X-Z平面上被剖开,并且触发器22被完全示出。
在图6中,触发器的旋转轴线是25a。轴线25贯穿手柄部分24延伸。在手柄部分24内是驱动齿轮箱51的电动马达50。齿轮箱的输出轴52用作触发器绕轴线25a的枢轴。输出轴52的旋转轴线与旋转轴线25a重合。触发器固定地附接至输出轴52。扭矩传感器53感测触发器和输出轴之间的扭矩。位置传感器54感测输出轴的位置。传感器53、54的输出传递到控制单元35。控制单元35向马达50提供驱动信号。齿轮箱的传动比可以在从10:1到25:1的范围内,但其它传动比也是可能的。如果马达本身具有合适的额定功率,则可以省略齿轮箱。触发器直接附接至齿轮箱的输出轴或马达的输出轴,并由齿轮箱的输出轴或马达的输出轴(如果省略了齿轮箱的话)承载。该马达可包括转子和定子。马达可以具有旋转轴线:即转子相对于定子围绕其旋转的轴线。触发器的旋转轴线可以与马达的旋转轴线平行,更优选地与马达的旋转轴线重合。这允许将马达有效地封装在控制器中,而不需要复杂的连杆来将驱动传递过去到触发器。
系统可以以各种方式操作以向驱动钳爪的驱动马达34提供命令信号。在位置授权模式中,钳爪被朝向一位置驱动,该位置被映射到如由位置传感器54感测的触发器22相对于头部21的位置。在力授权模式中,驱动钳爪被驱动以便施加一力,该力被映射到如由力传感器53感测的相对于头部21施加至触发器22的力。这些模式的组合也是可能的。
马达50用于向控制器的用户提供力反馈(其包含扭矩反馈)。要提供的力反馈的量可以由控制单元使用预定的算法来确定。例如,要提供的力的量可以映射到由力传感器检测到的力,该力传感器测量作用在末端执行器的钳爪之间的力。然后,可以以在传感器53处实现该水平的力为目标来驱动马达。
为了提供精确和可操作的水平的力反馈,马达50和齿轮箱51必须具有足够的尺寸。这对将马达和/或齿轮箱装配在控制器中而不使控制器变得过大呈现了封装困难。通过设计控制器,使得触发器的轴线25a可与控制器的手柄对准,马达和齿轮箱可方便地定位在手柄内。马达可以全部地、大部分地或部分地位于手柄内。齿轮箱可以全部地、大部分地或部分地位于手柄内。齿轮箱的输出可与触发器的轴线重合。已经发现,这种方案具有许多优点。首先,不需要额外的齿轮机构来平移或旋转来自马达的驱动以围绕触发器的轴线作用。这减少了控制器的重量并降低了组装成本。其次,许多适合该任务的典型的马达和齿轮箱的直径为10mm至40mm。这些可容易地装配在旨在由用户的手指完全或部分环绕的手柄24中。第三,马达和齿轮箱可包括控制器的大部分重量。通过将它们定位在控制器的由用户抓握的部分内,可以减小为了以给定姿势支撑控制器而作用在用户的手腕和手上的负载。
马达和/或齿轮箱可以具有垂直于轴线25a的圆形横截面。轴线25a可以位于该横截面的中心。或者,轴线25a以及相应地齿轮箱的输出轴可从马达和/或齿轮箱的横截面中心偏离。
为了使触发器通过马达50或齿轮箱51的输出而围绕其旋转轴线被直接驱动,触发器的旋转轴线应当延伸穿过手柄部分。为了说明,如果触发器的旋转轴线如图所示定位在图3e的25b处,则难以由手柄中的马达直接驱动该触发器。优选地,触发器的旋转轴线基本上平行于手柄的主轴线,例如,在主轴线的30°、20°、10°或5°内。这提供了能够使用马达/齿轮箱的灵活性。手柄可以是当用户的手在控制器上的适当位置时,控制器的可被用户的第二至第三手指的任何一个手指部分地或完全地环绕的部分。手柄可以是控制器的一部分,该部分具有沿着轴线的至少70mm的长度以及在沿着该部分的所有点处具有80mm和180mm之间的垂直于该轴线的周长。手柄部分可由凹槽和/或脊部指定,以便沿着手柄的周向排列用户的手指。手柄的主轴线可以是沿其最长尺寸居中地延伸穿过手柄的轴线。
控制单元可以被构造成响应于触发器的移动而以任何适当的方式驱动机器人30。然而,优选地,控制单元被构造成响应于触发器的移动,使机器人所承载的器械的可移动部件相对于该器械的主体移动。可移动部件可以是末端执行器或者可以是末端执行器的一部分。可移动部件可以是钳爪或切割器。在末端执行器中可以有两个或更多个可移动的相对的钳爪或切割器。控制单元可以被构造成响应于触发器的致动而使这些钳爪或切割器中的两个或全部朝向彼此移动。该器械可以是外科器械。代替响应于触发器的作用而移动可移动部件,控制单元可以执行另一功能:例如启动灯或照相机(或摄像机)。机器人可以是外科机器人。或者,该器械可以是工业工具或其它形式的工具。机器人可以是工业机器人或者用于其它功能的机器人。器械的主体可以包括用于可释放地附接至机器人的联接器和在联接器和末端执行器之间延伸的细长轴。
在对操作者的手的参考取决于手的大小和移动范围的情况下,手可以被认为具有英国成年人的平均尺寸和运动范围。
申请人由此单独公开了本文所述的每个单独特征以及两个或更多这种特征的任意组合,就此而言能够根据本领域技术人员的公知常识总体上基于本说明书来执行这种特征或组合,而不管这种特征或特征的组合是否解决了本文公开的任何问题,并且不限制权利要求的范围。申请人指出,本发明的各方面可以由任何这样的单独特征或特征的组合组成。鉴于以上描述,对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,可以在本发明的范围内进行各种修改。

Claims (19)

1.一种用于控制机器人操纵器的用户接口装置,所述机器人操纵器具有包括至少一个可移动元件的末端执行器,所述用户接口装置包括:
供用户握持的主体,所述主体包括细长的手柄部分,所述细长的手柄部分被构造成由用户的第二至第四手指中的一个或多个抓握;
触发器,所述触发器相对于所述手柄部分的伸长方向横向地延伸,所述触发器由所述主体支撑以便能够相对于所述主体绕穿过所述手柄部分的旋转轴线旋转;以及
至少部分地容纳在所述手柄部分中的驱动机构,所述驱动机构联接到所述触发器以向所述触发器施加扭矩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述主体被构造成在正常使用中由用户的单手抓握。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述主体包括附接至所述手柄部分的头部部分,所述头部部分被定位成位于所述触发器旁边。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述头部部分在其与所述触发器相对的一侧限定有凹部,所述凹部被构造成用于接收抓握所述手柄部分的用户的拇指。
5.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述触发器相对于所述手柄部分定位,以供抓握所述手柄部分的用户的第一手指接合。
6.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述驱动机构包括马达,所述马达的大部分体积位于所述手柄部分内。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述触发器的所述旋转轴线与所述马达的所述旋转轴线重合。
8.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述驱动机构包括齿轮箱,所述齿轮箱的大部分体积位于所述手柄部分内。
9.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述驱动机构终止于驱动轴,所述驱动轴与所述触发器的旋转轴线重合。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述触发器由所述驱动轴承载。
11.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述手柄部分具有伸长轴线,并且满足以下标准中的一个或两个:(i)垂直于该轴线的最小周长为40mm;和(ii)垂直于该轴线的最大周长为160mm。
12.根据权利要求9所述的用户接口装置,其中,所述手柄部分沿所述伸长轴线的长度大于50mm。
13.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的用户接口装置,该用户接口装置包括用于感测所述触发器相对于所述主体的位置的位置传感器。
14.根据前述任一项权利要求所述的用户接口装置,该用户接口装置包括用于感测施加在所述触发器和所述主体之间的力的力传感器。
15.一种机器人操纵器系统,该机器人操纵器系统包括:
根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的用户接口装置;
包括至少一个传感器的机器人操纵器;以及
控制单元,所述控制单元被构造成用来控制所述驱动单元以根据从所述传感器接收的信号借助于所述触发器向所述用户接口装置的用户提供力反馈。
16.根据权利要求15所述的机器人操纵器系统,其中,所述传感器是力传感器,所述力传感器被构造成用来检测施加到由所述机器人操纵器承载的末端执行器的一部分的力。
17.根据权利要求16所述的机器人操纵器,其中,所述末端执行器是由所述机器人操纵器承载的外科器械的末端执行器。
18.根据权利要求15至17中任一项所述的机器人操纵器,其中,所述用户接口装置根据权利要求13或14所述;并且所述控制单元被构造成用来根据从所述用户接口装置的所述传感器或所述传感器之一接收的输入来控制所述机器人操纵器的一部分的运动。
19.根据从属于权利要求16时的权利要求18所述的机器人操纵器,其中,所述控制单元被构造成用来根据从所述用户接口装置的所述传感器或所述传感器之一接收的输入来控制所述末端执行器的该部分的运动。
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